Thailands Agriculture

Development Plan
and Highlight Activities on CASP 2

The 12th Annual Meeting of the Working Group on Agriculture (WGA-12)

25-26 June 2015, Bangkok Thailand

Mr. Apichart Jongsakul 1 _____

Office
__ of
___________
Agricultural Economics
________
 Outlines
1. Highlight Activities on CASP 2

2. Overview of Thailand

3. Structure of The Ministry of Agriculture and

Cooperatives

4. Agricultural and Rural Development Plan

(2012 2016)
2
Highlight Activities on CASP 2
Implementing the Core Agriculture
Support Program (CASP) Phase II

CASP2s Vision
The Greater Mekong Sub region
is recognized as the leading producer of safe food,
using climate-friendly agricultural practices
and integrated into global markets through regional economic corridors

Pillar 1: Pillar 2: Pillar 3:

Food Safety Climate Bio-energy and
Trade Friendly Biomass
Modernization Agriculture Management

TA 8163 TA 7833

TA 6521
TA 6390
 TA 8163 (Pillar 1 and Pillar 2)

Thailand activities under TA8163

- Signed LOA between ADB and LDD (MOAC) for PGS
project and Biochar project
- Organized the meeting with International Centre of
Environmental Management (ICEM) team on Biochar
Assessment and Soil Mapping Study, 12 February
2015
- Organized the training course of Master Trainer,
National Trainer, and Farmer Leaders on CFA
between 9-19 March 2015, Thailand
- Assigned AINS Technical Focal Point (from OAE) to
cooperate on GMS agriculture information
 TA 8163 (Pillar 1 and Pillar 2) Cont

- Assigned N-Assessment National Focal Point (from

LDD)
- Assigned Remote Sensing Technical Focal Point (from
OAE)
- Participated IFOAM Organic Leadership Course, 21-28
Sep 2014, Philippines
- Organized a workshop on bio fertilizer for sustainable
agriculture development in GMS, 21-25 July 2014,
Thailand

26/06/58 6
 TA 7833 (Pillar3)

Thailand activities under TA7833

- Participated the conference on efficient utilization
of Biomass for Bio-energy and Food Security in the
GMS, 5-6 March 2015, Lao PDR

TA 6251 (Pillar 2))

- Assigned contact point from all relevant

departments for accelerating the
implementation of the CASP 2
 Implementation Structure
between MOAC and ADB
WGA Coordinators
Director, ADB
Inspector General, MOAC

TA 8163
ADB Project
Officer

WGA Thailand National

National Focal Secretariat WGA Secretariat
Points Specialists
(BOFAA) (NSS)

Contact Point in
MOAC

26/06/58 8
Overview of Thailand

9
6
Share of GDP (Constant Price)

Office of Agricultural Economics

 Structure of

The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

12 Office of Agricultural Economics

 Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

14 Departments
Department of Agriculture
Department of Rice
Department of Livestock Development
Department of Fishery
Department of Sericulture
Department of Agricultural Extension
Royal Irrigation Department
Land Development Department
Agriculture Land Reform Office
Department of Cooperative Promotion
Cooperative Auditing Department
Office of National Agricultural Commodity and
Food Standard
Office of Agricultural Economics
Office of Permanent Secretary

7
Agricultural Development Plan

(2012-2016)

14 Office of Agricultural Economics

 Agricultural Development Plan (2012-2016)
Good quality of life for the farmers
Vision
Food security for the people
The basis of national income building

Strategy 1
Farmers
Quality of Life

Strategy 2 Strategy 3
Production Capacity Agricultural Resources
(Crop, Livestock, Management
Fishery)
Office of Agricultural Economics 15
 -develop insurance system for AG products
Strengthening
-provide farm registration to access support service
farmers occupation
-establish welfare system for farmers
and income security
-implement land protection system for small farmers

-use local scholars and farmers network for

Building technology transfer
knowledge-base for -integrate modern technology and local wisdoms to
sustainable farm fit with local situation
production -provide knowledge and information access at
local level

-build capacity for famers group and cooperative

Strengthening in doing their own business
famers organization -encourage networking among others
16
Facilitate -improve rules and regulations to facilitate
Agricultural trade agricultural trade both export and import

- facilitate farmers and enterprise to access

Encourage
information (related to market, value added,
competitiveness for
international standard, certification, traceability
farmers and
system, etc)
enterprises
- improve logistic system

17
Development production -determine agricultural zoning for suitable commodities
potential and Value - promote production, value creation, and marketing for
Added Creation crops, marine fishery, and livestock , including R&D
-encourage farmers to produce in compliance with food
safety and standard (GAP, GMP, HACCP)

Promoting Green - promote green technology for agriculture, reduce and

Production recycle agricultural waste, and promote organic farming
-reduce carbon emission by disseminating knowledge
and information related to impact from climate change

-balancing production among food crops and energy

Promoting Food and crops with give first priority to food crops
Energy Security - set up food security strategy to ensure national food
security
18
 -set up agricultural market hub to be the collection
Development and distribution center both for domestic and
Agricultural international
Marketing System -promote and expand niche market for specific
commodities such as Halal food and organic
products
Building
connectivity with
-foster regional cooperation under ASEAN and
regional and
other frameworks
international
economy

19
Efficiency use and -promote proper and sustainable uses of
Sustainable production resources (soil, water, fisheries, forest,
management of Ag. bio-diversity)
Resources and -encourage farmers to participate in agricultural
Infrastructure resources management

Preparedness to -conduct risk assessment areas (flood, drought)

tackle with impact of and determine measures to tackle
climate change and -use rain-making technology to support water in
natural disaster the Ag. area and increase water level in reservoirs

Developing regulation -improve related regulations to meet with current

on agricultural situation ex: environmental tax, land reform
resources management, etc.
management
20
 Projects Integration

Management of Agricultural Economic Zone :

Agricultural Products Quality Development
balance between demand and supply of agricultural
develop production processes
products in order to control price volatility (upstream-midstream-downstream) =>
GAP/GMP/HACCP
Rice Smart Farmer Development : produce in line with standards
enhance farmers to access
Cassava
knowledge, information, and learning
Energy Crop process in order to improve or adapt
(Cassava / Sugarcane / Green
their farming practice
Oil Palm) Agricultural
encourage young generation to Cities
Rubber enter agricultural sector

Maize Border
Seed Hub Checkpoint
Fishery
Enlargement of Irrigation and Water Development Improvement
for agri.
(Shrimp / Fresh-water retention areas products
fish) expand irrigation areas
establish water retention in land
Livestock reform area
(Swine / Cattle / Dairy- Promote the
improve water management using of
cows / Broiler and Layer
Hens) Agricultural
Machinery
21 _____
Office
__ of
___________
Agricultural Economics
________
Office of Agricultural Economics
www.oae.go.th
 12th Annual Meeting of the Working Group on Agriculture
(WGA-12)

Vietnam policies and strategies

to promote sustainable CFA

Dr. Nguyen Anh Phong

Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development (IPSARD)
 Report Outline
Current situation of Vietnam agriculture
Environmental challenges
National policies to deal with problems
 Continuous but slowering agricultural
%
growth

Source: ADB, 2013

 Major agricultural export products
(million USD)

Source: GSO, MARD

 Agriculture: Unique Sector with Export Surplus

Source: GSO, 2014

What is the Real Cost of Vietnams Low Cost
Exports?

Calculated Costs
Seed + fertilizer + pesticide + labor costs
Post-harvest losses and logistical costs
Processing and packaging costs
Handling, shipping, and insurance costs
Forex costs

Non-Calculated Costs
Costs of water resources infrastructure management
Adverse environmental impact of fertilizer/pesticide run-off
Greenhouse gas emissions
Financial cost to government of no interest loans programs
Opportunity cost of alternative land (water, labor) uses
 Agriculture methane (CH4) emissions
(% total)

Note: Agricultural methane emissions are emissions from animals, animal waste, rice production,
agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning. Source: FAOSTAT
 Agriculture nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
(% total)

Note: Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions are emissions produced through fertilizer use (synthetic and animal manure),
animal waste management, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning. Source: FAOSTAT
 Greenhouse gas emission from agriculture

Share of GHG among sectors

7%
35%

43%

10%

5%

Energy (52.8Tg) Industrial (10Tg)

Agricultural (65.1Tg) LULUCF (15.1Tg)
Waste (7.9Tg)
LULUCF: Land use, land-use change and forestry
 Fertilizer consumption
(kilograms per Ha of arable land)

Source: WB Data.
Environmental pollution from rice production
40 million tons of straw and 8 million tons of rice husk
 Sustainable development agriculture policies

No. Policy Content Date

1 Decision 187-CT On the implementation of national plan for environment and 12/6/91
sustainable development
2 Decision Promulgating the oriented strategy for sustainable development in 17/8/04
153/2004/QD-TTg Vietnam (Vietnams agenda 21)
3 Circular 01/2005/TT- Implement the decision of the PM on the strategic orientation for 09/3/05
BKH sustainable development in Vietnam (Vietnam's Agenda 21)
4 Decision 3298/Q- National Action Programme for Sustainable Development fisheries 16/11/09
BNN-HTQT sector in terms of Vietnam WTO accession in 2010-2012 period
5 Decision 432/QD- Approval of sustainable development strategy of Vietnam in 2011- 12/4/12
TTg 2020 period
6 Decision 1393/QD- The national strategy for green growth in the 2011-2020 period and 9/12
TTg vision to 2050
7 Decision 160/QD- Approving the national action plan on the sustainable 15/1/13
TTg developmaent in 2013-2015 period
8 Decision No. Approving the plan of restructuring the agricultural sector towards 10/6/2013
899/QD-TTg improving added value and sustainable development (Agricultural
restructuring plan-ARP)
Toward a More General Greening of Vietnamese
Agriculture

Reducing Carbon Emissions

Forestry production
Alternative wet/dry paddy cultivation
Biogas in livestock
Power generation from agricultural residues

Reducing Other Environmental Footprints

Reduced fertilizer/pesticide run-off in rice production
Improved water treatment/mgmt in aquaculture
Reduced groundwater use in coffee production
Improved coastal resources mgmt; mangrove restoration
 Mainstream Climate friendly farming

Subsector Problems Solutions

Rice Low profitability; Sustainable rice mgmt practices (SRI;
environmental costs; 3G3R;1M5R);
market competition PPPs for improved quality and logistics and
market re-positioning;
R&D on resilient varieties;
increased use of husks/by-products;
GHG monitoring system
Aquaculture Disease pressures; Promote GAP and product traceability measures;
environmental costs; PP initiatives for seed quality and disease
market access risks; prevention/control;
narrow product line R&D on new species/feed efficiency

Forestry/Agro Low value added; low Reform of state forest enterprises;

-forestry traceability of raw forest land re-allocation;
materials; biodiversity further apply payment for env. services;
loss; low community co-management models for natural forests and
benefits mangroves;
support services for smallholder agro-
forestry/mixed land use;
Thank you
 Vietnam Green Growth Strategy
A strategy to promote the process of
restructuring and improving
economic institutions towards more
efficient use of natural resources,
improved competitiveness of the
economy which will be achieved
through increased investments in
technological innovation, natural
capital and economic instruments.
This will contribute to respond to
climate change, reducing poverty and
ensuring sustainable economic
development.
Strategic Task 1 - Low Carbon Growth:
by 2020 to reduce voluntarily the
intensity of greenhouse gas emissions
by 8-10% as compared to the 2010
level and 20% with additional
international support;
Strategic Task 2 - Greening Production
with the aim to encourage the
development of green industry and
green agriculture based on
environmentally friendly structures,
technologies and equipment;
Strategic Task 3 - Greening of
Lifestyles and promoting sustainable
consumption.
 Agr. GDP growth and share of growth
100.0 TFP, 0.0 5.0
TFP, 5.5

23.9
4.5
TFP, 32.8 TFP, 32.7
23.9 4.0
75.0
3.5
23.6
24.4 18.3 22.8 3.0

50.0 2.5
7.8
26.6 2.0
22.7

1.5
25.0 36.3
9.9 1.0
38.3
25.9
16.3 0.5
8.2
0.0 0.0
0.0
1986-1993 1994-2000 2001-2007 2008-2013
Land Labor Machine Fertilizer TFP VA growth

Source: IPSARD, 2014

 Estimates of waste arising from 1ha catfish
Method Weight (tons)
Fish production 150
Food used Food include 5%N, 1,2%P, FCR=1,6 240
Waste by 80% dry food 192
Nitrogent 37% N absorbed by fish 7,6
Phosphorus 45% P absorbed by fish 2,9
BOD5 0,22 kg BOD5/kg food 52
Over nutrient of algae By 2- 3 times of food used 480-720

Source: Yang (2004)

In addition, the catfish processing industry, concentrated in the Mekong Delta close to
catfish farming areas, is also widely regarded as a major source of wastewater with
high organic matter content. The overall emissions with the production of 1ton of
frozen fillet catfish would create 740 kg BOD, 1,020 kg COD, 2050 kg TSS, 106 kg
nitrogen and 27 kg phosphorus.
 Manure Generated (Kg) per Agri. area (Ha)

Source: FAOSTAT
 Vietnam: irrigation strains environmental
resources
Total water demand in Vietnams Central Highlands
Tons per household* per year

Rural/ Coffee
Cities Agricultural Irrigation

137 144 2,822

Source: WB 2014 from DHaeze 2004 and Lu 2002

 Environmental Hotspots in Southeast Asia
Environmental risk in selected agricultural sectors
GMAP Perception index (1-100) Median
(Index p50)

Indonesia
Tea 31
Thailand
Sugarcane 84
Vietnam
Shrimp 76
Indonesia
Rubber 48
Thailand Rice
76
Indonesia Palm
oil 73
Indonesia
Cocoa 37
Vietnam
Cocoa 57
Vietnam
Coffee 64
Size Pollution Biodiversity
=70 index Water Carbon Soil Community water
Color loss depletion footprint degradation & air security
On/Above
Median
median 59 76 76 54 68 52 (Index p50)
Below median

Source: IFCs GMAP tool ; The Greening of Agriculture, Agricultural Innovation and Sustainable Growth; November 2010.
 Move the Goal Posts
Traditional Indicator
Yield (tons) per hectare
Export volume (or gross value)
Area served by Irrigation (Ha)
Rice Production (Aggregate or
Per Capita)
Area planted/forested/under
aquaculture
Volume of fish catch
Agricultural GDP
Sustainable Development Indicators
Yield and value per hectare/worker/unit of
water/capital invested
Net value added
Share of export value added earned by farmer
Economic value per unit of water
Capacity utilization of irrigation system
Irrigated area with sustainable O&M financing
Child Malnutrition Rate
Dietary Diversity Index
Food Consumer Price (volatility) Index
Area (or proportion of area) under (certifiable)
sustainable management practices
Fish production as % of maximum sustainable yield
Fish production/fishing capacity (level of effort)
Agri GDP adjusted addition/depletion of natural capital
 Vietnam Agriculture Sector
Priorities and Plans Looking
Beyond 2015

Dr. DAO THE ANH

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (VAAS)

WGA/ADB, 25-26 June 2015

 Statement:
Facing challenges of Vietnam agriculture

Intensification High input and

resource cost
High GHG
emission
Exportation Low quality and
farmer income
Lack of Value
chain institutions
CFA or Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)

Food security/
Economic Adaptation
benefit

Mitigation

Toward the Green Inclusive Value chain with innovative

technologies and institutions
Agricultural Sector Restructuring
vision
Agriculture growth and high value
Poverty Reduction and farmer income
driven
GHG Emission reduction 20% to 2030
 Main policy programs under
MARD
National target program New Rural Development
(2010-2015) and 2016-2020: with 19 criteria
Restructuring of agricultural sector plan to
enhance value added and sustainable
development 2020, vision 2030 and each sub-
sectors and value chain plans
Climate change action plan to 2020: GHG
reduction action plan
CFA and Agricultural output Agri-food value
chains and food security in Vietnam
 Vietnam agricultural structure for Value chain
competitiveness & Food security

Competitiveness for main value chains

3.8 Million ha of paddy land or less including 25-30%
area for high/quality rice
Increase area under Maize and animal feed crop
Diversification of agro-ecology practices in the rest:
(Organic, SRI, Agro-forestry, Conservation agriculture,
Integrated farming-IPM, Home garden-VAC and
Geographical indication protecting for indigenous products)
 Adaptation, Yield Improvement and
Increase production efficiency
1. National product research program: rice, coffee, mushroom
(MOST and MARD)
- Varieties improvement: Quality, resistance to Drought;
Salinity, Shorter cycle
- Cropping Pattern adaptation: Intercropping, rotation
- Reduction of production cost and narrowing yield gap
between regions
2. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) Readiness and
CSA policy option (FAO): 2014-2017
3. Low carbon production (ADB): rice, livestock, recycling waste
4. Irrigated production (WB): CSA, AWD, SRI for rice and others
5. National program for conservation of plant genetic and
biodiversity
 Restructuring main agricultural value
chain
Agricultural Coops and Farmers production for
input/output services and mechanization
FO & Private enterprises linkages for upgrading
value chain
Public-private partnership (PPP) in investment
and agricultural credit improvement for financing
VC
Value chain transformation-VNSAT (WB): rice
and coffee
Initiatives of inclusive low carbon value chain
(SRI labeling, PGS) 9
 Branding & Marketing for Vietnamese
agricultural products

1. Protecting GI for local products

2. National branding program for rice
3. Marketing for exportation in FTA and TPP
4. Domestic marketing (MOIT)

10
Rural Restructuring Supporting Productivity and
Competitiveness in Vietnam
 National target program New Rural Development
2016-2020

Last NRD 2010-2015 with 19 criteria: only 30% of

1800 communes reach the goal
Land security for farmer: 50 years LUR
Investment in Rural infrastructure
Attracting private investment in rural area,
particularly post-harvest and marketing
Promotion large-scale field with farmers
organization (Coop, Groups, Association) involvement
Resolve market access for added value and small
farm income
Food Safety in Agricultural Trade of Vietnam
 FOOD SAFETY LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND POLICIES

1. The Food Safety Law (2010)

2. Government Decrees and Inter-sectorial circulars issued slowly
3. National Strategy for Food Safety Assurance to 2020 and
Vision to 2030, but lacking a roadmap.
4. Relevant government Decrees and the Prime Ministers
Decisions to support the application of GAP in agriculture
production, and encourages stronger links between agriculture
production and distribution.
5. Relevant government and ODA projects for improving food
quality and safety, enhancing food safety control system
(ADB, JICA, CIDA, WB, NZ)
 FOOD SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEM:
Decentralized system with Ministrys task by product
Primary production Preparation, processing, storage, import-export Distribution
Cereals
Meat and meat products
Fishery and fishery products

Retails (Markets, super markets, food shops)

- Wholesalers
Horticulture and horticultural products
(crop, livestock, harvest, catching, capture)

Restaurants, food courts, food canteens,

catering services, food street vendors
Egg and egg products
Raw fresh milk
Bee honey and bee honey products
Primary production

GMOs
Salt
Other agricultural products (sugar, tea, coffee, cacao,)
Liquor, beer, beverages
Processed milk
Vegetable oil

- Wholesalers
Flour and starch processed products (confectionery)
Food additives, Processing aids
Bottled drinking water, natural mineral water

Functional food and micronutrient-fortified food

MOH (in blue), MARD (in green) and MOIT (in light green)
 FOOD SAFETY TASK OF CONTROL ALONG VALUE CHAIN

Seed production
Plan Protection (PPD)
Production and Crop production
Departments
Post-harvest, packaging (MARD)

Wholesale markets
Domestic Market
Retail markets and Supermarkets
Department (MOIT)
Processing and
Processing and marketing Marketing Department
(MARD)
Importation/Exportation PPD (MARD)
Vietnam Food
Restaurant, Canteens and Home
Administration
consumption 16
(VFA/MOH)
 Some main features of Food safety
1. Legal framework & Policies
- Adoption of Risk based management and control;
- Harmonized with WTO/SPS and Codex standards & guidance
- Encourage GAP and HACCP or other FS assurance system
2. Food safety control system
- Investments on lab
- Clear arrangement, task allocation among Ministries but weak
coordination
- Decentralized to local but low coordination
3. Law and regulation enforcement
- Food safety control for the domestic & imported foods has been
enhanced but slowly;
- Investigation, recalls and elimination of unsafe products from
supply chains has been enforced;
- The FS monitoring in the extensive scale: FS violations has been
gradually decreased.
- Enhance export market access by achieving international
standards (Asean, EU, TPP)
 FOOD SAFETY POLICY and ACTION for future

1. Food safety for growth (Canada) 2016-2023 focusing on Food safety

management and control system:
- Revise institutional arrangement for:
+ Enhancing cooperation for effective food safety control along VC;
+ Risk based management system: proper scientific risk assessment-risk
communication-risk management, separated from FS management body
+ Ministries and provincial coordination
- Enhancing capacities (especially local authorities, inspectors)
- Rationalize of Lab system
- Experimentation on traceability (vegie, fresh meat)
- Innovation of policies for:
+ Development of safe agri-foods market: support for market access,
branding & trade promotion, incentive creation for safe agricultural
production and distribution
+ Mobilizing consumer, awareness, education
2. Basic GAP promotion (JICA) and Food safety investment (WB)
18
Thank you for your attention!