USC Chemical Engineering Student

Process Equipment Design 2017

D e p a r t m e n t o f FORM 1-4-Calculation Sheets

Chemical Engineering
Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines 6000
Energy Requirement 2

DESIGNER(S): CHATO, REIZL JANE A.

CUEVAS, CAPE CARYL R.
NAVALTA, CARL JOHN LOUIE G.
RABOY, VON ADRIAN O.

Equipment Tag: R-02

Equipment Description: Fluidized Bed Reactor
Calculation Sheet No: PED-C005

DESIGN MANUALS OR TECHNICAL REFERENCES

[1] Smith JM, Ness H Van, Abbott MM. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 2005:817.
[2] Rika V and ED. Estimation of the Heat Capacities of Organic Liquids as a Function of Temperature
Using Group Aditivity. J Phys Chem Ref Data 1993;22:598614.
[3] Zaitsau DH, Verevkin SP. Thermodynamics of biodiesel: Combustion experiments in the standard
conditions and adjusting of calorific values for the practically relevant range (273 to 373) K and (1 to 200)
bar. J Braz Chem Soc 2013;24:19205. doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20130239.
[4] Glisic S, Skala D. The prediction of critical parameters for triolein , diolein , monoolein and methyl esters.
Technology 2009:16.
[5] Silva MVD, Custodio R, Reis MHM. Determination of Enthalpies of Formation of Fatty Acids and Esters by
Density Functional Theory Calculations with an Empirical Correction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015;54:95459.
doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02580.
[6] Bastos M, Nilsson SO, Ribeiro da Silva MDMC, Ribeiro da Silva MA V, Wads I. Thermodynamic
properties of glycerol enthalpies of combustion and vaporization and the heat capacity at 298.15 K.
Enthalpies of solution in water at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn 1988;20:13539.
doi:10.1016/0021-9614(88)90173-5.

DESCRIPTION

The fluidized bed reactor will be operating at 225 C and energy is required to maintain the temperature at the
specified temperature.

ASSUMPTION(S)/BASIS
1. Steady state.
2. The reference temperature used to calculate for the enthalpy of a specific stream is 0 C.
3. No reaction along the pipes reaction only occur at the reactors.
NOMENCLATURE(S)
Symbol or Notation Description
Molar flow rate of component i, kmol/h
Cp,i Heat capacity of component i, kJ/kg-K
1 Sensible heat from 498.15 K to 298.15 K, kJ/h
1 Sensible heat from 298.15 K to 498.15 K, kJ/h
Temperature, K
Heat of reaction, kJ/h
INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM

298.15 498.15
1 = 2 =
498.15 298.15

( = 498.15) = 1 + ( = 298.15) + 2

( = 498.15)
SYSTEM SKETCH

3
Methyl ester
1 2,574.80
(kg/h)
Triglyceride (kg/h) 2,615.38 Glycerol (kg/h) 266.57
Temperature (K) 363.15 Unreacted
Pressure (MPa) 6.5 52.31
Triglyceride (kg/h)
Methanol (kg/h) 289.59
Temperature (K) 498.15
Pressure (MPa) 6.5

2
Methanol (kg/h) 1,525.33
Temperature (K) 498.15
Pressure (MPa) 6.5

CALCULATIONS

Overall balance around the reactors:

From Figure 1, the enthalpy change is independent to the actual path of the reaction, and therefore the
rxnH(T=333.15K) can be calculated using Equation 1.

REACTANTS ( = 498.15) PRODUCTS

T=498.15 K T=498.15 K

1 2

REACTANTS PRODUCTS
T=298.15 K ( = 298.15 ) T=298.15 K

Figure 1. Process path on determining the heat of reaction at 498.15 K.

 ( = 498.15) = 1 + ( = 298.15) + 2 Equation 1

Calculating for Hs1 (Equation 2):

298.15
1 = Equation 2
498.15

298.15
1 = , (298.15 498.15) +
498.15

The heat capacity of methanol is calculated using Equation 3 [1].

2 , = ( + + 2 ) Equation 3

The heat capacity of glycerol is determined via group contribution via Equation 4 [2], and the heat capacity of
methyl ester (biodiesel, bd) produced is determined using Equation 5 [3].

2
[/ ] = [ + +( ) ] Equation 4
100 100

[ ] = 1.329 + 2.51 103 Equation 5

where A = ni ai , B = ni bi , D = ni di and R=8.314 kJ/kmol-K. The constants are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1. Heat capacity parameters for each component

Component A 103B 106C
Methanol 13.431 -51.28 131.13
Glycerol Group ai bi di
-OH 12.9520 -10.1450 2.62621
-CH2 2.7972 -0.054967 0.10679
-CH 4.0749 -1.0735 0.021413

Then,

kg kJ
Hs1 = (2615.38 ) (2.3645 ) (298.15K 498.15K)
h kg K
298.15
kg 1kmol
+ (1525.33 ) ( ) (8.314 ) (13.431 51.28 103 T
h 32.04kg 498.15
+ 131.13 106 T2 )dT Commented [LN1]: Kulang gas constant

= .

Calculating for Hs2 (Equation 6):
498.15 498.15
2 = + Equation 6
298.15 298.15

498.15
2 = (2574.80 ) (1.329 + 2.51 103 )
298.15
498.15

+ 266.57 ( ) (8.314 ) [48.5253 31.6184
92.09 298.15 100
2
+ 8.1133 ( ) ]
100

= .

Calculating for the ( = 298.15):

The ( = 298.15) for the (trans)esterification process is calculated using Equation 7. The standard
heats of formation for each component are shown in

,298.15 = 298.15 () 298.15 () Equation 7

Table 2. Standard heats of formation for each component

Mass flowrate Molar Flowrate
Component -,298.15 (kJ/kmol) Reference
(kg/h) (kmol/hr)
Rice bran oil (as [4]
2615.38 2.9537 1.84E6
Triolein)
Methanol 1525.33 47.6071 238660 [1]
Methyl ester (methyl [5]
2574.80 8.6841 728800
oleate)
Glycerol 266.57 2.8947 669600 [6]

Then,

,298.15 = [(8.6841 ) (728800 ) + (2.8947 ) (669600 )]


[(2.9537 ) (1.84 106 ) + (47.6071 ) (238660 )]

,. = .

Calculating for the ,498.15 using Equation 1:

( = 498.15) = 1 + ( = 298.15) + 2

( = 498.15) = 2363919.08 8529455.29 + 1458713.85

kJ 1
( = 498.15) = 9434660.52 ( )
h 3600

( = . ) = .

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The (trans)esterification reaction is an exothermic reaction, indicated by a negative value of the which has
a value of -2620.74 kW for the second reactor.

COMPUTER PROGRAMS USED (Version No.) N/A

ELECTRONIC CALCULATION FILE NAME: N/A

APPVD
REV DATE REVISION DESCRIPTION BY CHKD BY
BY
A 09/01/2017 First Draft VAR
B 09/11/2017 Second Draft CJLN