TIU CHUN NGNH

22TCN 245:1998
QUY TRNH THI CNG V NGHIM THU LP CP PHI (SI CUI) GIA C XI MNG
TRONG KT CU O NG T
B GIAO THNG VN TI
1. CC QUY NH CHUNG
1.1. Phm vi p dng: Tiu chun ny c p dng cho vic thi cng v nghim thu lp mng
trn hoc lp mng di bng vt liu dm hoc cui si gia c xi mng trong kt cu o
ng t v trong kt cu tng ph sn bay.
1.2. dm hoc si cui gia c xi mng y c hiu l mt hn hp ct liu khong cht
c cu trc thnh phn ht theo nguyn l cp phi cht, lin tc (trong kch thc c ht ct
liu ln nht Dmax = 25 38,1 mm) em trn vi xi mng theo mt t l nht nh ri lu ln cht
m tt nht trc khi xi mng ninh kt. Sau y gi chung l cp phi gia c xi mng.
Hn hp ct liu khong cht ni trn c th l loi c nghin ton b ( dm hoc si cui
nghin) hoc nghin mt phn (c ln cc thnh phn ht khng nghin nh ct thin nhin ...)
hoc khng nghin (si cui, ct thin nhin). T l nghin l t l ht c nghin (c mt v)
c trong hn hp ct liu khong cht.
1.3. Tiu chun ny cng c p dng cho trng hp thi cng v nghim thu lp mt chu lc
bng cp phi gia c xi mng vi iu kin trn lp ny phi c lng nha tng ng vi loi
kt cu mt ng cp cao A2 Quy trnh thit k o ng mm 22TCN-211-93; vic thi
cng v nghim thu lp lng nha trong trng hp ny phi c thc hin ng theo quy
trnh lng nha hin hnh (k c i vi vic thi cng dnh bm).
1.4. bo m cho lp kt cu cp phi gia c xi mng duy tr c tnh ton khi v bn
vng lu di, phi trnh s dng chng trn cc on nn c kh nng ln sau khi xy dng o
ng.
1.5. Cho php s dng cht ph gia lm chm ninh kt to thun li cho vic thi cng cp
phi gia c xi mng nhng vic la chn loi cht ph gia c th phi thng qua th nghim,
lm th v phi c cp xt duyt thit k chp thun.
2. YU CU I VI VT LIU
2.1. Thnh phn ht ca cp phi : Phi tha mn bng 1 ty thuc c ht ln nht D max
Bng 1. Yu cu v thnh phn ht ca cp phi gia c xi mng
Kch c l sng vung (mm) T l % lt qua sng
Dmax = 38,1 mm Dmax = 25 mm
38,1 100
25,0 70 - 100 100
19,0 60 - 85 80 - 100
9,5 39 - 65 55 - 85
4,75 27 - 49 36 - 70
2,0 20 - 40 23 - 53
0,425 9 - 23 10 - 30
0,075 2 - 10 4 - 12

C hai c ht bng 2.1 u c php s dng gia c vi xi mng lm lp mng trn hoc
mng di cho mi loi kt cu o ng cng hoc mm. Tr trng hp dng lm lp mng
trn cho kt cu mt ng loi cp cao A1 v trng hp dng lm lp mt ni im 1.3 th
ch c dng c ht Dmax = 25mm.
2.2. cng ca dng gia c vi xi mng trong mi trng hp phi c nh gi thng
qua th nghim Lt - Angilt (L.A), phi m bo c ch tiu L.A khng vt qu 35%. Tr
trng hp dng lm lp mng di (khng trc tip vi tng mt ca kt cu o ng) th ch
cn bo m c ch tiu L.A khng vt qu 40%.
2.3. Hn hp cp phi phi c t l cc cht hu c khng c qu 0,3%, ch s ng
lng ct ES > 30 hoc ch s do bng 0 v t l ht dt xc nh theo tiu chun 22TCN 57-84
khng c qu 10%.
2.4. lm cc lp nh trn cho kt cu mt ng cp cao A1 v lp mng tng cng trn
mt ng c th phi s dng hn hp ct liu l dm hoc si cui nghin c t l ht
nghin v (qua my nghin) t nht l 30%, nhng nu lu lng xe tnh ton quy i v xe c
ti trng 10 tn/trc t 500 xe/ln xe tr ln th t l ht c nghin v ny t nht phi l 60%
tr ln.
2.5. Yu cu i vi xi mng: Xi mng dng trong cp phi gia c xi mng phi l cc loi xi
mng Poc lng thng thng c cc c trng k thut ph hp cc quy nh Tiu chun Vit
Nam hin hnh (TCVN 2682 -92). Khng nn dng xi mng mc cao c cng chu nn
tui 28 ngy ln hn 400daN/cm2 hoc nh hn 300daN/cm2.
Lng xi mng ti thiu dng gia c l 3% tnh theo khi lng hn hp ct liu kh. Lng
xi mng cn thit phi c xc nh thng qua th nghim trong phng t cc yu cu i
vi gia c xi mng ni im 2.7 (thng khng qu 5%).
Xi mng phi c thi gian bt u ninh kt ti thiu l 120 pht v cng chm cng tt. Khi cn
phi s dng cht ph gia lm chm ninh khit th phi theo quy nh im 1.5
2.6. Yu cu vi nc dng trn cp phi gia c xi mng:
- Khng c vng du hoc vng m
- Khng c mu
- Lng hp cht hu c khng vt qu 15mg/l
- C pH khng nh hn 4 v khng ln hn 12,5
- Lng mui ha tan khng ln hn 2000mg/l
- Lng ion sulfat khng ln hn 600mg/l
- Lng ion Clo khng ln hn 350mg/l
- Lng cn khng tan khng ln hn 200mg/l
2.7. Yu cu i vi cng gia c xi mng:
Phi tha mn 2 ch tiu l cng chu nn gii hn v cng p ch gii hn theo bng
2:
Bng 2. Yu cu i vi cng gia c xi mng
V tr lp kt cu (si, cui) Cng gii hn yu cu (daN/cm2)
gia c xi mng
Chu nn (sau 28 ngy tui) Chu nn ch (sau 28 ngy tui)
Lp mng trn ca tng mt 40 4,5
b tng nha v lp mt c
lng nha ni im 1.3
Cc trng hp khc 20 2,5
Tr s ghi trong bng 2 l tng ng vi cc iu kin sau:
- Mu nn hnh tr c ng knh 152mm, cao 117mm v c to mu m tt nht vi
dung trng kh ln nht theo phng php m nn bng cng ci tin trong ci c ln theo tiu
chun AASHTO T 180 - 90. Mu c bo dng m 21 ngy v 7 ngy ngm nc ri em
nn vi tc gia ti khi nn l (6 1) daN/cm2/sec.
- Mu p ch cng c ch to vi m, cht ging nh mu nn v bo dng nh mu
nn, sau c th nghim xc nh cng p ch theo ng tiu chun ngnh 22 TCN 73-
84
- Cc mu khoan ly hin trng phi c ng knh d ti thiu bng 3 ln c ht ln nht ca
hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng v c chiu cao mu h bng hoc ln hn ng knh mu
d. Khi p kim tra cng chu nn th ty theo t s h/d khc nhau ca mu, kt qu nn c
nhn vi h s l 1,07; 1,09; 1,12; 1,14 v 1,18 nu h/d tng ng l 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6 v 1,8.
3. CNG TC CHUN B THI CNG
3.1. Trc khi thi cng nh thu phi tin hnh mi th nghim kim tra cht lng vt liu theo
cc yu cu ni mc 2 c bit l phi tin hnh th nghim m nn ci tin vi ci ln theo
phng php tiu chun AASHTO T180-90 ng vi hn hp - xi mng c thit k
(vi t l xi mng thit k) xc nh chnh xc m tt nht Wo v dung trng kh ln nht
o, ng thi phi cn c vo kt qu th nghim m nn ny tin hnh c mu kim tra cc
ch tiu cng nu bng 2 (iu 2.7). Cc kt qu th nghim u phi c pha t vn
gim st xc nhn v chp thun theo c s cc quy nh mc 2 ca bn quy trnh ny. Nu
kt qu th nghim cng khng t yu cu bng 2.7 th cn phi trao i vi t vn thit
k v t vn gim st thay i t l xi mng ri lp li cc th nghim ni trn.
3.2. Chun b trm trn ch to hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng:
Vic ch to hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng bt buc phi c thc hin trm trn,
khng cho php trn trn ng. Trm trn phi c cc iu kin sau:
- Thit b cn ong phi m bo chnh xc, c bit l b phn cn ong lng xi mng v
lng nc; sai s cn ong cho php i vi cc ct liu ch l 2%, vi xi mng ch l 0,5%
v vi nc ch l 1% theo khi lng ca mi loi ;
- Thit b phi thuc loi trn cng bc;
- Nng sut v v tr trm trn phi tng ng vi on dy truyn thi cng sao cho m bo
c thi gian trn, chuyn ch, ri v m nn ch trong vng 120 pht (tc l khng vt qu
thi gian bt u ninh kt ca hn hp gia c xi mng).
3.3. Chun b cc thit b thi cng. Nh thu phi c:
- t ben c bt ph thng xe chuyn ch hn hp cp phi - xi mng;
- My ri: trng hp khng th c my ri th c th cho php dng my san san gt thnh lp;
- Vn khun thp c nh xung lp di to b vch vt ri;
- Lu bnh st 8 - 10 tn; lu bnh lp loi 4 tn/bnh vi p sut lp 5daN/cm 2 hoc lu rung bnh
cng c thng s M/L 20 - 30 (M l khi lng rung tnh bng kg; L l chiu rng bnh rung
tnh bng cm);
- Thit b tn tr, bm ht, phun ti nh tng (nu thc hin vic bo dng lp gia c xi
mng bng nh tng); thit b phun ti nc (nu bo dng bng cch ph ct ti nc);
- m rung hoc m cc loi nh dm nn cc di mp.
3.4. Nh thu phi tnh ton, thit k dy chuyn cng ngh thi cng chi tit m bo sao cho
mi ca ch mt khe thi cng, tc l vic ri, m nn v hon thin c thc hin lin tc
trong mt ca vi cc iu kin khng ch sau:
- Hn hp ri ra ng khng c qu 30 pht ri mi lu;
- Ton b qu trnh cng ngh thi cng t khi nc vo my trn hn hp n khi lu ln, hon
thin xong b mt lp gia c xi mng khng vt qu thi gian bt u ninh kt ca xi mng (vi
xi mng poc lng l 120 pht nu khng dng thm ph gia lm chm ninh kt), k c thi gian
ri ch lu ni trn.
Da vo dy chuyn cng ngh thit k, nh thu phi t chc thi cng ri th mt on ti thiu
di l 100m trc khi trin khai thi cng on i tr vi s chng kin ca t vn gim st, qua
rt kinh nghim hon chnh quy trnh v dy chuyn cng ngh, ng thi qua kim tra
cht lng cp phi gia c xi mng trn thc t v kim tra kh nng thc s ca trm trn,
ca cc phng tin xe, my.
3.5. Nh thu phi chun b cc thit b phc v cng tc kim tra cht lng trong qu trnh thi
cng v nghim thu sau khi thi cng xong gm cc hng mc ni mc 6.
3.6. Phi chun b mng pha di lp cp phi gia c xi mng bo m vng chc, ng u
v t dc ngang quy nh; c bit, nu dng cp phi gia c xi mng lm lp mng tng
cng trn mt ng c th phi pht hin, x l trit cc h cao su v phi v sa, b vnh
mt ng c .Lp b vnh phi c thi cng trc bng cc vt liu c c ht thch hp vi
chiu dy b vnh, tuyt i khng c thi cng lp b vnh gp vi lp mng tng cng.
4. CH TO HN HP CP PHI GIA C XI MNG TRM TRN
4.1. Cp phi dng gia c vi xi mng c th c a vo my trn theo mt trong hai
phng thc sau:
- Cp phi c sn xut c thnh phn ht t sn yu cu bng 1;
- Cp phi c to thnh t nhiu c ht c a vo my trn ring r theo nhng t l
tnh ton trc sau khi trn s t c thnh phn ht yu cu bng 1;
Ti ni iu khin ca trm trn, d theo phng thc no cng cn c bng ghi r khi lng
phi liu (k c khi lng xi mng v nc) tin kim tra vi sai s ni im 3.2
4.2. Trong mi ca hoc khi ma nng thay i cn phi th nghim xc nh m ca , ct
kp thi iu chnh lng nc a vo my trn.
4.3. Cng ngh trn phi c tin hnh theo hai giai on.
- Trn kh cp phi vi xi mng;
- Trn t vi nc;
- Thi gian trn ca mi giai on phi c thng qua trn th (vi s chp thun ca t vn
gim st) ty thuc loi thit b trn thc t s dng.
4.4. trnh hn hp sau khi trn b phn tng, th chiu cao ri ca hn hp trn k t
ming ra ca my trn n thng xe ca xe chuyn ch khng c ln hn 1,5m. Thng xe
ch hn hp phi c ph bt kn (chng mt nc).
5. THI CNG TI HIN TRNG
5.1. Trc khi ri lp cp phi gia c xi mng phi kim tra bng phng v dc ngang
ca lp mng di theo tiu chun nghim thu ca lp . Nu lp mng di l loi c th
thm nc th phi ti m nc trc khi ri. Phi chun b mt s mi che phng khi ma
t ngt trong qu trnh thi cng.
5.2. H s b dy lp ri (h s ln p) ca lp cp phi gia c xi mng c xc nh bng
t s gia tr s dung trng kh ln nht o ca hn hp xc nh c theo th nghim m nn
tiu chun ni im 3.1 vi tr s dung trng kh ca hn hp lc ra khi my trn. H s ny
c chnh xc ha thng qua vic tin hnh ri th ni im 1.4.
5.3. Vic ri bng my ri hoc san gt bng my san cp phi gia c xi mng phi c thc
hin trong phm vi c vn khun thp c nh chc chn xung lp mng di to b vch vt
ri (tr trng hp s dng my ri vn khun trt). Chiu cao ca vn khun phi bng b
dy ca lp hn hp gia c xi mng sau khi lu ln cht nhn vi h s b dy ri ni 5.2.
5.4. C lp kt cu phi gia c xi mng theo b dy ch c php thi cng mt ln (ri mt
ln v lu ln mt ln); khng c phn thnh hai lp thi cng nhm trnh xy ra s tip xc
khng tt gia hai phn lp, dn ti lm gim kh nng chu ti ca c hai lp kt cu, tuy nhin
m bo cht lng m nn, b dy lp cp phi gia c xi mng ti a thi cng mt ln
ch c bng 25cm (sau khi lu ln cht) v nh thu phi c thit b bo m c yu
cu ny. Vic kim tra kh nng ny ca nh thu c thc hin thng qua kt qu nh gi
cht lng m nn khi thi cng ri th ni im 3.4.
5.5. Hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng phi c lu ln m tt nht theo kt qu th
nghim m nn ni im 3.1, vi sai s cho php v m l -1% (khng cho php m
ln hn m tt nht), v phi c m nn t cht K = 1,0 theo kt qu th nghim m
nn ni im 3.1
 t cht yu cu phi dng mt trong hai loi lu bnh lp hoc lu rung ni im 3.3 lm
lu ch yu. Nu dng lu lp th s ln lu cn thit khong 15-20 ln/im; nu dng lu rung th
cn khong 6-10 ln/im. Cui cng dng lu bnh st lu l phng (s ln lu cn thit phi c
chnh xc ha thng qua kt qu thi cng ri th ni im 3.4)
5.6. Vic hon thin b mt lp gia c phi c thc hin ngay trong qu trnh lu ln nhng ch
c gt phng cc ch li m khng c b ph vo ch lm; vt liu tha sau khi gt phng
phi b i khng c s dng li.
5.7. Ton b qu trnh ri, lu ln v hon thin b mt phi c thc hin trong thi gian khng
ch ni iu 3.4
5.8. Yu cu thi cng i vi cc ch ni tip dc v ngang:
- Phi dng m rung loi nh m nn b sung cc ch ln cn vi b vch ca vn khun
thp t hai bn vt ri v hai bn khe ngang ngng thi cng trong mi ca;
- Vn khun thp cng phi c t cui vt ri ca mt ca thi cng (t thng gc vi vt
ri) to khe ngng thi cng;
- ch ni tip vt ri gia cc on lu ln trong cng 1 ca thi cng, ngoi vic phi khng ch
nghim ngt iu kin v thi gian nh ni iu 3.4 ra, cn phi xo xi li ch hn hp ri
trong phm vi 60cm cui cng ca on ri trc ri trn thm 50% khi lng hn hp mi ch
n v san gt u trc khi lu tip on sau. c bit l tng thm s ln lu ti ch ni tip ny.
- Trc khi ri tip cc vt ri bn cnh hoc ri tip sau mi khe ngng thi cng, phi r vn
khun thp v ti m nc cc vch ni tip dc v ngang.
5.9. Yu cu bo dng: Sau bn gi k t khi lu ln xong (nu nng to th sau 2 gi) phi tin
hnh ph kn b mt lp cp phi gia c xi mng bo dng bng mt trong hai cch sau:
- Ti nh tng vi khi lng 0.8 - 1.0 lt/m2 ; yu cu nh tng ph kn u v phi qut nh
tng kn cc b vch ch ni tip dc v ngang.
- Ph kn 5cm ct trn b mt lp v ti nc gi cho ct m lin tc trong 7 ngy.
t nht sau 7 ngy bo dng nh trn mi cho thi cng tip lp kt cu bn trn (trc phi
qut dn sch lp ct bo dng).
Trng hp c nhu cu phi bo m giao thng th phi xem xt c th cng lp cp phi
gia c xi mng sau 14 ngy, xc nh loi ti trng xe i trn lp cp phi - xi mng. Tc
xe chy khng qu 30km/h.
6. YU CU I VI VIC KIM TRA V NGHIM THU LP CP PHI GIA C XI
MNG
6.1. Kim tra hn hp ct liu trc khi a vo my trn
- C 500 tn kim tra thnh phn ht mt ln: thnh phn ht phi nm trong phm vi quy nh
bng 1. i vi hn hp gm nhiu c ht a vo my trn ring r th phi ly mu kim tra
trong my trn trc khi cho xi mng vo trn.
- C 2000 tn kim tra cng ca bng th nghim Lt Angilt 1 ln:
- C 500 tn kim tra sch ca hn hp ct liu 1 ln thng qua ch s ng lng ct ES
v t l cht hu c;
- Phi kim tra t l ht b nghin v theo quy nh ca pha thit k.
6.2. Kim tra cht lng xi mng: Phi theo ng cc qui nh kim tra trong TCVN 2628-92, k
c cc qui nh v vn chuyn v bo qun xi mng.
6.3. Kim tra cht lng ca nc: Nh vi nc dng cho b tng trn kh theo iu 2.6 ca
tiu chun ny.
6.4. Mi ca sn xut u phi kim tra m ca hn hp ct liu bng phng php rang
cho hoc thng sy kp iu chnh lng nc trn hn hp.
Ti hin trng, c mi ca thi cng phi ly mu hn hp trn v ch ra hin trng (ly trn
my ri hoc ly ng do xe ben xung ng) th nghim kim tra m ca hn hp
trc khi lu ln theo ng quy nh im 5.5
6.5. Kim tra cht sau khi lu ln:
C mi on thi cng ca mt vt ri phi kim tra mt ln ngay sau khi lu ln trong lp hn hp
gia c xi mng bng phng php rt ct. Kt qu tr s dung trng kh ly trung bnh ca 3 mu
th khng c nh hn tr s o xc nh theo th nghim m nn ni im 3.1
Ngoi ra nn thng xuyn kim tra b dy ri (c k n h s b dy ri ni im 5.2)
bo m lp hn hp gia c t c cht sau khi lu ln bng cao ca vn khun thp hai
bn vt ri. (Nu cht ca hn hp gia c khng t th cng nn v p ch kh t yu
cu khin cho kh x l v sau)
6.6. Kim tra cng ca hn hp gia c xi mng trm trn v hin trng sau khi thi
cng: C 1000 tn hn hp c sn xut th phi ly mu ngay ti phu trt trm trn c
mu v th nghim nh ni im 2.7. Kt qu th nghim phi ph hp vi yu cu bng 2.
6.7. Trong qu trnh thi cng phi thng xuyn kim tra mi khu cng tc t cc khu sn xut
hn hp gia c n cc khu thi cng hin trng theo yu cu ni mc 4 v mc 5 ca quy
nh ny; t bit phi ch trng kim tra cc yu cu v khng ch thi gian im 3.4 v cc
yu cu v ch ni tip ni im 5.8
6.8. Cc tiu chun nghim thu cui cng:
- C 500m di phn xe chy 2 ln xe phi khoan 3 mu (3 mu ny khng cng trn mt mt ct
m phn b u trn 500m) kim tra cng nh ni im 6.6, ng thi kim tra b
dy v tr s dung trng kh ca mu. Nu kt qu c l khoan v mu khng t yu cu quy
nh th ln cn vng phi khoan thm 2 mu na kim tra cho chc chn. Sai s cho php
v cng cc b l 5% nh hn so vi yu cu bng 2 (hoc yu cu quy nh trong n
thit k nhng trung bnh trn 1km khng c nh hn yu cu).
- Sai s v cht cc b l - 1% nhng trung bnh trn 1km khng c nh hn 1,0;
- Sai s v b dy l 5%;
- Sai s v cao b mt mng l -1cm n +0,5 cm;
- Sai s v chiu rng lp kt cu l 10 cm;
- Sai s v dc ngang l 0,5% ca dc thit k;
bng phng c th bng thc 3m; khe h cho php khng qu 5mm; c 1km kim tra ti
thiu 5 v tr (5 mt ct ngang), mi v tr t thc kim tra i vi tng ln xe c theo chiu
dc v chiu ngang ng.