Ansys

Customer Training Material
L t
Lecture 7
Thermal Analysis
y
Introduction to ANSYS
Mechanical
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. L7-1 November 2010
Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical
Chapter Overview Customer Training Material
In this chapter, performing steady-state thermal analyses in Mechanical will

be covered:
A. Geometry
B Assemblies Solid Body Contact
B.
C. Heat Loads
D. Solution Options
E. Results and Postprocessing
F. Workshop 7.1
The capabilities described in this section are generally applicable to ANSYS

DesignSpace licenses and above, except for an ANSYS Structural license.
Note: advanced topics including thermal transient analyses are covered in

the ANSYS Thermal Analysis training course.

Basics of Steady-State Heat Transfer Customer Training Material
For a steady-state (static) thermal analysis in Mechanical, the

temperatures {T} are solved for in the matrix below:
[K (T )]{T } = {Q(T )}
Assumptions:
No transient effects are considered in a steady-state analysis
[K] can be constant or a function of temperature
{Q} can be constant or a function of temperature
Remember Mechanical Static Analysis:

[K]{u}={F}
where:
[K]: Array of stiffness matrix.
{u}: Array of displacement
{F}: Array of applied forces

Basics of Steady-State Heat Transfer Customer Training Material
Fouriers Law provides the basis of the previous equation:

Heat flow within a solid (Fouriers Law) is the basis of [K]
Heat flux, heat flow rate, and convection are treated as boundary
y conditions on
the system {Q}
Convection is treated as a boundary condition although temperature-
dependent film coefficients are possible
It is important to remember these assumptions related to performing
thermal analyses in Mechanical.

A. Geometry Customer Training Material
In thermal analyses all body types are supported:

Solid, surface, and line bodies.
Line bodies cross-section and orientation is defined within DesignModeler.
The Point Mass feature is not available in thermal analyses.
Shell and line body assumptions:

Shells: no through-thickness temperature gradients.
Line bodies: no through thickness variation. Assumes a constant
temperature across the cross-section.
Temperature variation will still be considered along the line body

Material Properties Customer Training Material
The only required material property for steady state is thermal

conductivity.
Thermal Conductivity is
input in the Engineering
Data application
pp
(Linear Analysis)
Temperature-dependent
th
thermall conductivity
d ti it iis
input as a table
(Non-Linear Analysis)
If any temperature-dependent material properties exist, this will

result
lt in
i a nonlinear
li solution.
l ti

B. Assemblies Solid Body Contact Customer Training Material
As with structural analyses, contact regions are automatically created to

enable heat transfer between parts of assemblies.

Assemblies Contact Region Customer Training Material
If parts are initially in contact heat transfer can occur between them.
If parts are initially out of contact no heat transfer takes place (see pinball
explanation
p below). )
Summary:
Heat Transfer Between Parts in Contact Region?

Contact Type
Initially Touching Inside Pinball Region Outside Pinball Region
Bonded Yes Yes No
No Separation Yes Yes No
Rough Yes No No
Frictionless Yes No No
Frictional Yes No No
The pinball region determines when contact occurs and is automatically

defined and set to a relatively small value to accommodate small gaps in
the model

Assemblies Contact Region Customer Training Material
If the contact is bonded or no separation,

then heat transfer will occur (solid green
lines) when the surfaces are within the
pinball radius.
Pinball Radius
In this figure on the right, the

gap between the two parts is
bigger than the pinball region,
so no heat transfer will occur
between the parts

Assemblies Thermal Conductance Customer Training Material
By default, perfect thermal contact conductance between parts is

assumed, meaning no temperature drop occurs at the interface.
Numerous conditions can contribute to less than perfect contact
conductance:
surface flatness
surface finish
oxides
entrapped fluids T
contact pressure
surface temperature
T
use of conductive grease
....
x
Continued . . .

The amount of heat flow across a contact interface is defined by the

contact heat flux q:
q = TCC (Ttarget Tcontact )

where Tcontact is the temperature of a contact node and Ttarget is the
temperature of the corresponding target node
node.
By default, TCC is set to a relatively high value based on the largest
material conductivity defined in the model KXX and the diagonal of the
overall
o e a geo
geometry
et y bou
bounding
d g bo
box ASMDIAG.
S G
TCC = KXX 10,000 / ASMDIAG

This essentially provides perfect conductance between parts.
TCC: Thermal Contact Conductance

In ANSYS Professional licenses and above, the user may define a

finite thermal contact conductance (TCC) for Pure Penalty or
Augmented Lagrange Formulations.
TCC is input for each contact region in the Details view.
If thermal contact resistance is known, invert this value and divide by the
contacting area to obtain TCC value.
Thermal contact conductance can

be input which is the same as
including thermal contact
resistance at a contact interface.
interface

Assemblies Spot Weld Customer Training Material
Spot welds provide discreet heat transfer points:

Spotweld definition is done in the CAD software (currently only
DesignModeler and Unigraphics).
T2
T1

C. Heat Loads Customer Training Material
Heat Flow:
A heat flow rate can be applied to a vertex, edge, or surface. The load is
distributed for multiple selections.
Heat flow has units of energy/time.
Perfectly insulated (heat flow = 0):
Available to remove surfaces from previously applied boundary conditions.
Heat Flux:
Heat flux can be applied to surfaces only (edges in 2D).
Heat flux has units of energy/time/area.
Internal
I t l Heat
H t Generation:
G ti
An internal heat generation rate can be applied to bodies only.
Heat generation has units of energy/time/volume.
A positive value for heat load will add energy to the system.

Thermal Boundary Conditions Customer Training Material
Temperature, Convection and Radiation:

At least one type of thermal boundary condition must be present to prevent the
thermal equivalent of rigid body motion.
motion
Given Temperature or Convection load should not be applied on surfaces that
already have another heat load or thermal boundary condition applied to it.
Perfect insulation will override thermal boundary conditions.
Given Temperature:
Imposes
I a temperature
t t on vertices,
ti edges,
d surfaces
f or bodies
b di
Temperature is the degree of freedom solved for

Convection:
Applied to surfaces only (edges in 2D analyses).
Convection q is defined by y a film coefficient h,, the surface area A,, and the
difference in the surface temperature Tsurface & ambient temperature
Tambient
q = hA(Tsurface
f bi t )
Tambient
h and Tambient are user input values.
The film coefficient h can be constant or temperature dependent

Temperature-Dependent Convection:
Select Tabular (Temperature) for the
coefficient type.
Enter coefficient vs temperature
tabular data.
In the details, specify how temperature
is to be handled for h(T).

Several common convection correlations can be imported from a

sample library. New correlations can be stored in libraries.

. . . Thermal Boundary Conditions Customer Training Material
Radiation:
Applied to surfaces (edges in 2D analyses)
Where:
(
QR = FA Tsurface
4
Tambient
4
)
= Stefan-Boltzman constant
= Emissivity
y
A = Area of radiating surface
F = Form factor
Correlations:
To ambient (form factor assumed to be 1)
OR
Surface to surface (view factors calculated).
Stefan Boltzman constant is set automatically

based on the active working unit system

D. Solution Options Customer Training Material
Inserting the Steady-State Thermal from the

Workbench toolbox will set up a SS Thermal
system in the project schematic.
In Mechanical the Analysis
Analysis Settings
Settings can be used
to set solution options for the thermal analysis.
Note, the same Analysis Data Management
options discussed in chapter 4 regarding static
analyses are available here.
here

Solving the Model Customer Training Material
To perform a thermal-stress solution link a structural analysis to

the thermal model at the Solution level.
An imported load branch is inserted in the Static Structural
branch along with any applied structural loads and supports.
supports
Solve the Structural branch.

E. Results and Postprocessing Customer Training Material
Various results are available for postprocessing:

Temperature
Heat Flux
Reaction Heat Flow Rate
User defined results
In Mechanical, results are usually

y requested before solving,
g but they
y
can be requested afterwards, too.
A new solution is not required for retrieving output of a solved model.

Temperature Customer Training Material
Temperature:
Temperature is a scalar quantity and has no
direction associated with it.

Heat Flux Customer Training Material
Heat flux contour or vector plots are available:

Heat flux q is defined as
q = KXX T
Total Heat Flux and Directional Heat Flux can be
requested
The magnitude & direction can be plotted as vectors by activating
vector mode

Reaction Heat Flow Rate Customer Training Material
Reaction heat flow rates are available for Given Temperature,

convection or radiation boundary conditions:
Reaction heat flow rate is requested by inserting a probe - OR
Alternately users can drag and drop a boundary condition onto the
Solution branch to retrieve the reaction.
Select from
Probe menu
OR
Drag and drop

boundary condition

F. Workshop 7 Steady State Thermal Analysis Customer Training Material
Workshop 7.1 Steady State Thermal Analysis

Goal:
Analyze the pump housing shown below for its heat transfer
characteristics.


Ansys

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Ansys

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Chapter Overview Customer Training Material

In this chapter, performing steady-state thermal analyses in Mechanical will

The capabilities described in this section are generally applicable to ANSYS

Note: advanced topics including thermal transient analyses are covered in

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Basics of Steady-State Heat Transfer Customer Training Material

For a steady-state (static) thermal analysis in Mechanical, the

Remember Mechanical Static Analysis:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Basics of Steady-State Heat Transfer Customer Training Material

Fouriers Law provides the basis of the previous equation:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

A. Geometry Customer Training Material

In thermal analyses all body types are supported:

Shell and line body assumptions:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Material Properties Customer Training Material

The only required material property for steady state is thermal

If any temperature-dependent material properties exist, this will

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

B. Assemblies Solid Body Contact Customer Training Material

As with structural analyses, contact regions are automatically created to

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Assemblies Contact Region Customer Training Material

Heat Transfer Between Parts in Contact Region?

The pinball region determines when contact occurs and is automatically

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Assemblies Contact Region Customer Training Material

If the contact is bonded or no separation,

In this figure on the right, the

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Assemblies Thermal Conductance Customer Training Material

By default, perfect thermal contact conductance between parts is

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Assemblies Thermal Conductance Customer Training Material

The amount of heat flow across a contact interface is defined by the

q = TCC (Ttarget Tcontact )

TCC = KXX 10,000 / ASMDIAG

TCC: Thermal Contact Conductance

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Assemblies Thermal Conductance Customer Training Material

In ANSYS Professional licenses and above, the user may define a

Thermal contact conductance can

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Assemblies Spot Weld Customer Training Material

Spot welds provide discreet heat transfer points:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

C. Heat Loads Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Thermal Boundary Conditions Customer Training Material

Temperature, Convection and Radiation:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Thermal Boundary Conditions Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Thermal Boundary Conditions Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Thermal Boundary Conditions Customer Training Material

Several common convection correlations can be imported from a

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

. . . Thermal Boundary Conditions Customer Training Material

Stefan Boltzman constant is set automatically