THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

DECEMBER 2012 EXAMINATION

MATH1013: University Mathematics II

Suggested solution

Remark: This solution is for reference only. In mathematics, a question may have different solutions. Therefore you

are encouraged to explore for simpler solution. For report of errors, please contact Pan Lau via panlau@hku.hk.

PART I - Multiple Choice Questions

Q.1 Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Q.8 Q.9 Q.10

C D C A B A B A D B

Q.11 Q.12 Q.13 Q.14 Q.15 Q.16 Q.17 Q.18 Q.19 Q.20

D B B A D C D C C B

Q.21 Q.22 Q.23 Q.24 Q.25 Q.26 Q.27 Q.28 Q.29 Q.30

A D D B B C D A C A

1. C.

For A and B, f (4 x 4) 6= x.

Noted that the domain of f (x) is (, 4), we have f 1 (x) (, 4). For D, 4 + 4 x 4, therefore

it is not the inverse. For C, we have f (4 4 x) = x and 4 4 x (, 4).

2. D.

Note that for k N, we have

cos x, x [2k, 2k + 2 ] [2k + 3
2 , 2k + 2]


f (x) =

x (2k + 2 , 2k + 3

0,
2 )

3
Range and continuity are easy to check. We only consider the differentiability at x = 2 .
3
f (h + 2 ) f ( 3
2 ) cos(h + 3
2 )
lim+ = lim+
h0 h h0 h
sin(h + 3
2 )
= lim =1
h0 + 1
and
3
f (h + 2 ) f ( 3
2 ) 00
lim = lim = 0.
h0 h h0 h
3. C

Note that for 0 x 2, 2 g(x) 4 and for 2 x 4, 0 g(x) 2. Therefore

2 g(x) if 0 g(x) 2,


(f g)(x) =
1 g(x)2 + 4g(x) 6 if 2 g(x) 4.



2


2 g(x) if 2 x 4,


=
1 g(x)2 + 4g(x) 6 if 0 x 2.



2

1 (4 x)2 + 4(4 x) 6 if 0 x 2,



= 2
2 ( 1 x2 + 2x)


if 2 x 4.

2

4. A

I: False. Since f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0.

II: True. Since we have

h|h| 0 h|h| 0
lim = lim |h| = 0 = lim+ |h| = lim+
h0 h h0 h0 h0 h

III: True. Since f (x) = |x|4 = x4 .

5. B
1 1 1
For x > 0, f 0 (x) = . Solve f 0 (x) = 2, we have = 2 x = . Then
2 x 2 x 16
r
1 1 1
2( ) = c c= .
16 16 8

6. A

I: False. For example, f (x) = sin x, x = 2n are points of inflection for integer n but not critical points.

II: False. For example, f (x) = |x|, then f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0 but continuous at x = 0.

III: True. We have

>0 x<0



2
f 00 (x) = 5/3 0 x=0
9x






<0
x>0

7. B
1
Note that f 0 (x) = 5x5 x7 and f 00 (x) = 25x4 x6 . Then
7

Page 2

x x < 35 35 < x < 0 0<x< 35 x> 35

f 0 (x) + +

f (x) increasing decreasing increasing decreasing

x x < 5 5 < x < 0 0<x<5 x>5

f 00 (x) + +

I: False. x = 35 is local maximum.

II: True.

III: True.

IV:False.

8. A

d 2 d
(x + xy + y 2 ) = 9
dx dx
dy dy
2x + y + x + 2y =0
dx dx
dy (2x + y)
=
dx 2y + x
6
I: True. The slope of the line tangent t the curve at the point (3, 0) is = 2.
3
II,III: False. (1, 1), (1, 2) are not points on the curve.

9. D

I: There exist a (1, 4) such that

f (4) f (1) 2
f 0 (a) = = .
41 3

II: There exist a (1, 3) (1, 4) such that

f (3) f (1) 1
f 0 (a) = = .
31 2

III: There exist a (3, 4) (1, 4) such that

f (4) f (3)
f 0 (a) = = 1.
43

10. B

Note that
f 000 (c)
R2 (104) = (104 100)3 .
3!

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 3
for some c (100, 104), We compute f 000 (x) = . Therefore, for c (100, 104), we have
8x5/2
3 3
|f 000 (c)| < =
8(100)5/2 800000

Hence
3(4)3
|R2 (104)| < = 0.00004.
6(800000)

11. D

I: True. We have
6ex + 5
lim = .
x2 ln 2 4ex 1
1
II: False. Since f (x) is continuous at x = .
4
III: True.
6ex + 5 3
lim = .
x 4ex 1 2

IV: True.
6ex + 5
lim = 5.
x 4ex 1

12. B

Let y = (1 + sin x2 )x . We have ln y = x ln(sin x2 ). Then

lim ln y
x

2
= lim x ln(1 + sin )
x x
ln(1 + sin x2 )
= lim 1
x
x
2
x2 cos x2 (1 + sin x2 )1
= lim 1
x
x2

2 2
= lim 2 cos (1 + sin )1 = 2.
x x x
Therefore, limx y = limx eln y = elimx ln y = e2 .

13. B

Natural domain of f is R and we have f (2) = f (2). Therefore f is not injective and not strictly increasing.
p
For the range, note that x2 1 1, therefore f (x) 1/3 and for any y 1/3 we take x = log3 (3y) which

is well defined since y 1/3. Then

f (x) = 3log3 (3y)1 = y.

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14. A

1
f (x) = y = logx e xy = e y ln x = 1 f (x) = ln x . Then

d  1 1  1
f 0 (e) = = 1(ln x)2 ( )  = .
dx x=e ln x x x=e e


15. D

Z x Z x Z x Z x
d dx d
F 0 (x) = xf (t)dt = f (t)dt +x f (t)dt = f (t)dt + xf (x).
dx 0 0 dx dx 0 0

16. C

Note that
3x2 Z 3x2
dx2 d
Z
d
sin(t2 )dt = sin(t2 )dt = 2x(3 sin(9x4 ) sin(x4 )).
dx x2 dx dx2 x2
R 3x2
2 sin(t2 )dt
lim x
x0 x6
R 3x2
2 sin(t2 )dt
= lim x
x0 6x5
2x(3 sin(9x4 ) sin(x4 ))
= lim
x0 6x5
(108x cos(9x4 ) 4x3 cos(x4 ))
3
= lim
x0 12x3
108 cos(9x ) 4 cos(x4 )
4
26
= lim =
x0 12 3
17. D

For x 0, we have
x
x2
Z
x|x|
|t|dt = = .
0 2 2

For x < 0, we have

x |x|
(|x|)2
Z Z
x|x|
|t|dt = tdt = = .
0 0 2 2

18. C

19. C

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 t = x1 , then dt = x2 dx
Z d
dt
p
c t (t c)(d t)
1
x2 dx
Z d
= p
1
c
x1 (x1 c)(d x1 )
Z 1
c dx
= p
1
d
(1 cx)(dx 1)
Z 1
c dx
= q 1
1
d cd ( c x)(x d1 )
1
Since 0 < d < 1c , then
Z 1
c dx M
q 1 = .
1
d
1
cd ( c x)(x d ) cd

20. B

21. A

22. D

23. D

24. B

16
Note that det(A) = det(AT ) = (2)3 =2

det(2B T A2 B 1 ) = 23 det(B T ) det(B 1 ) det(A) det(A) = 25 det(B) det(B 1 ) = 32.

25. B

I: True. AB = O33 A1 AB = A1 O33 B = O33 .

II: True. By definition of nonsingular matrix.

1
III: False. If AB = 4I3 , then A is nonsingular with A1 = B.
4

26. C

1+i (1 + i)(1 + 2i) 1 2 + i + 2i 1 3i

= = = + .
1 2i (1 2i)(1 + 2i) 5 5 5

Page 6
27. D

Since |x + iy| is real, then y = 0. x = |x| if and only if x is nonnegative.

28. A

The polar coordinates of z are r, 4 3 and w is chosen so that zw is a negative real number. Hence the angle

for the vector zw should be . In other words, the angle for w should be 3 (up to adding multiples of 2 to

5
get an angle between 0 and 2, which gives the answer that the angle for w is 3 ). (Given by Dr. Kane)

29. C

Since ( 1)( 2 + + 1) = 3 1 = 0 and ( 1) 6= 0, we have 2 + + 1 = 0.

( + 1)3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 + 1 = 2 + 3( 2 + ) = 2 3 = 1.

30. A
5  z n  5 (11n)  z n
arg(z) = and arg() = . Then arg = n( )= . Note that is real if and only
4 3 4 3 12
 z n 
if arg = k for integer k. Therefore, the smallest positive n is 12.

PART II - Long Question

1. We write
x2 16




if x 4,


f (x) = 16 x2 if 2 x < 4,




x2 8x + 24

if x < 2.

(a) Consider

f (h + 2) f (2) 16 (h + 2)2 12
lim = lim
h0+ h h0 + h
h(h + 4)
= lim+
h0 h

= 4.

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 and
f (h + 2) f (2) (h + 2)2 8(h + 2) + 24 12
lim = lim
h0 h h0 h
(h + 2)2 8(h + 2) + 12)
= lim
h0 h
h(h 4)
= lim
h0 h

= 4.

f (h + 2) f (2) f (h + 2) f (2)
Since lim = lim , f (x) is differentiable at x = 2.
h0+ h h0 h
(b) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 4.

(c) We have




2x if x > 4,




2x
if 2 < x < 4,
f 0 (x) =




4 if x=2




2x 8
if x < 2.
3 3 5
We have f 0 (c) = f 0 ( ) = 2( )8 = 5. Since c (2, 4), we have 2c = 5 c = . Let L : y = 5x+C
2 2 2
5 5 89
for some C R, we have f ( ) = y = 5( ) + C C = . Hence
2 2 4
89
L : y = 5x + .
4

2. (a) First let t = f 1 (y), we have f (t) = y and f 0 (t)dt = dy, we have
Z Z b Z b
f 1 (y)dy = f 1 (f (t))f 0 (t)dt = tf 0 (t)dt
a a

Now we take u = t and dv = f 0 (t)dt (i.e., v = f (t)), apply integration by parts, we have
Z b b Z b Z b
tf 0 (t)dt = tf (t) f (t)dt = b a f (x)dx

a a a a

ln y
(b) We have y = f (x) = e4x , f 1 (y) = with f (0) = 1 and f (1) = e4 . By part (a), we have
4
Z e4 Z 1
1 4 e4x 1 3e4 + 1
f (y)dy = 1(e ) 0(1) e4x dx = e4  = .
1 0 4 0 4

On the other hand, taking u = ln(x) and v = x and applying integration by parts, we have
Z Z  
1
ln(x)dx = x ln(x) xdx = x ln(x) x.
x

Hence
e4 e4  e4 3e4 + 1
Z Z
1 1
f 1 (y)dy = ln(y)dy = (x ln(x) x) = .

1 4 1 4 1 4

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3. (a) Write
a11 a12 a13
A= 0 a22 a23
0 0 a33
Then A is nonsingular if and only if a11 a22 a33 6= 0.

(b) It is true. Consider that

b11 b12 b13
A1 = b21 b22 b23
b31 b32 b33
then
1 0 0
BA = a11 b21 = 0 1 0
a11 b31 a12 b31 + a22 b32 0 0 1
Since a11 6= 0, we have b21 = b31 = 0. Moreover, we have 0 = a12 b31 + a22 b32 = a22 b32 . Since a22 6= 0, we

have b32 = 0. Therefore A1 is upper triangular matrix.

Remark: The statement is also true in general cases: If A is an n n upper triangular matrix and

nonsingular, then A1 is an upper triangular matrix.

(c) Note that

1 1 1
U = 0 1 1 .
0 0 1
By direct computation, we have

a11 a11 + a12 a11 + a12 + a13 a11 a12 + a22 a13 + a23 + a33
0 a22 a22 + a23 = AU = U A = 0 a22 a23 + a33
0 0 a33 0 0 a33

Therefore we have a11 = a22 = a33 and a12 = a23 . The form of A should be

a b c
0 a b
0 0 a

where a, b, c are real.

4. (a) Note that (z 1)(z 4 + z 3 + z 2 + 1) = z 5 1, we have

( 1)( 4 + 3 + 2 + + 1) = 5 1 = 0.

Since ( 1) 6= 0, we have ( 4 + 3 + 2 + + 1) = 0.

(b) We have
6 6 4 4 4 4
3 = cos + i sin = cos + i sin = cos i sin ,
5 5 5 5 5 5

and
8 8 2 2 2 2
4 = cos + i sin = cos + i sin = cos i sin .
5 5 5 5 5 5

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 Hence
2 4
+ 4 = 2 cos = 2 + 3 = 2 cos = .
5 5

(c) The roots of x2 ( + )x + = 0 are and . By part (a), we have

+ = 4 + 3 + 2 + = 1

and

= ( + 4 )( 2 + 3 )

= 3 + 4 + 6 + 7

= 4 + 3 + 2 + (since 5 = 1)

= 1

2 2 1 5
Hence x + x 1 = 0 will have roots , . By solving x x 1 = 0 directly, we have x = . Since
2
> 0 and < 0, we have

1 + 5 2 51
= cos = .
2 5 4

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