Attps://wickedbiology.wordpress.comFORM 4: PTER 2 JOHOR 2011 © — @) _ Diagram 6.1 show the asexual reproduction carried out by Amoeba sp. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pembiakan aseks yang dijalankan oleh Amoeba sp. z £ RA 4 Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 Deseribe the process shown in Diagram 6.1. ‘Huraikan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.1. [4 marks] ) ‘Amoeba sp. is a unicellular organism which lives in fresh water environment. Although Amoeba sp. is made up of only a single cell, it ean perform all living processes, Amoeba sp. adalah satu organisma unisel yang hidup dalam persekitaran air tawar. Walau pun Amoeba sp. dibentuk oleh hanya sata sel, ia boleh melakukan semua proses kehidupan. Explain the living process that enable Amoeba sp. to survive in fresh water which is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp. Terangkan proses kelidupan yang membolehkan Amoeba sp. untuk terus hidup dalam air tawar yang hipotonik kepada cecair sitoplasma Amoeba sp. [6 marks] [6markah] ‘tps:/pwickedbiology wordpress.com Page 1FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 JOHOR 2011 © Diagram 6.2 shows a buman organ which is involved in regulating body ‘temperature. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkem sat organ manusia yang terlibat dalam pengawalan sucha bade. ‘Diagram: 62 Rajah 6.2 ‘Based on Diagram 6.2, explain how the animal tissues are organised to form the organ in Diagram 6.2 and their soles in regulating body temperature during a hot day. Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2, terangkan bagaimana tisu hatwan diorganisasi untuk membentuk organ dalam Rajah 6.2. dan peranan mereka dalam mengawal suka bacian dalam satu hari, panas. = {10 marks} [0 markah} Attps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 2FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 Peres Marking Criteria * Able te descibe he paoer shoes Dag eT Sample answer PI - The process is binary fission P2- When Amoeba sp. has grown to certain size P3 ~The nucleus divide by mitosis P4— Then the cytoplasm divides // Cytokinesis occurs PS — Form 2 genetically identical Amoeba sp. [Any 4] JOHOR 2011 @ ‘Able fo explain the living process that enable Amoeba sp. to survive in fresh water which is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp. Sample answer 1 ~The living process is osmoregulation P2— Osmoregulation in Amoeba sp. involved contuactile vacuole 3 ~ Fresh water is hypotonic to Amoeba sp. ‘P4~ Water diffuses into Amoeba sp. by osmosis, P5— Water fills the contractile vacuole to its maxinuum size P6— Contractile vacuole contract P7—Expel the water out of the Amoeba sp. P8— Tins, Amoeba sp. does not burst [Any 6] ‘Able to explain how the animal issues are organised to form the organ in Diagram 6.2 and their roles in regulating body temperature during a hot day. Sample answer P1 ~ This organ is skin P2— Skin consists of epithelial tissues, nerve tissues, muscle tissues and connective tissues(at least two types of tissues) 3 — Epithelial tissues specialised to form sweat gland P4 — Sweat gland secrete sweat during hot day P5- pilin arocs specialised o foci aicefpraduce 6 —Mscle tissues found in skin is erector muscle P7 (During hot day), erector muscle relax. hair lies flat P8— Muscle tissues (found at wall of arteriole) is smooth muscle P9~Smooth muscle relax during hot day P10— Connective tissues found in the skin is blood tissues P11 ~ When smooth muscle of arteriole relax, more blood flow to the skin P12 ~ more heat is lost P13 —Nerve tissues is the Pi4 — Receptor detect the increase of the temperature P15 — The fimetion of the skin is to lower the body temperature to normal [Any 10]FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 KEDAH 2014 (SET 2) 6 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows three types of transport process P, Q and R across a plasma membrane Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan tiga jenis proses pengangkutan merentasi membran plasma. Outside the cell Diluar sel Inside the cell Di dalam sel Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 Explain process P, Q and R with suitable examples. Terangkan proses P, Qdan R dengan contoh-contoh yang sesuai. {10 marks} [10 markah Ahttps;//wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 4ORM 4: CHAPTER 3 _ KEDAH 2014 (SET 2) 6 (b) Diagram 6.2 shows the changes of red blood cells in solution A and B. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan perubahan setsel darah merah dalam larutan A dan B. Red blood cell ‘Seldarah merah Larutan B Diagram 6.2 Rajeh 6.2 Explain what happen to red blood cells in solution A and B. Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada sel darah merah dalam larutan A dan B. [6 marks ] [6 markah J 6 © Diagram 6.3 shows leeches which is an ectoparasitic organism which feed on animals Raph 6.3 menunjukkan beberapa ekor linteh laity organism ektoparasit dl mana imenghisap darah haiwan. “~s Si—— Diagram 6.3 Rajah 6.3 Explain how does table salt can be used to detach leeches from the human skin of to kill the leeches Terangkan bagaimana garam boleh digunakan untuk memisahkan lintah daripada kulit manusia atau membunuh lintah, [4 marks ] [4 markah} Page 5FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 KEDAH 2014 (SET 2) No Totat Maris! Marks 6 |@ Process P F1_ Process P is simple diffusion through phospholipid bilayer P1 Examples of substances involved are small uncharged molecules such as oxygen / carbon dioxide / water. 2 Lipid solubie molecules such as glycerol / fatty acids / vitamin A, D, E, and K a Process @ F2_ Process Q is facilitated diffusion through carrier protein 1 Exempies of substances are large water-soluble Molecules such as glucose / amino acids. 2 The molecules bind to specific carrier protein 3 Cartier protein changes it shape and allow the molecules to pass through it P4 Process Q does not need energy P5_ Process Q occur follow the concentration gradient Process R F3_ Process R is active transport through carrier protein Pt Examples of substances involved smal! water-soluble ‘molecules or ions such as K * and Na*. P2 The molecules or ions bind to specific cartier proteins, P3_ that use energy from ATP ( to transport the molecules ‘oF ions) 4 Process Q occurs against a concentration gradient Any 10 10 oy in Solution A P14 Solution A is hypotonic to the red blood cell /eytoplasmic fluid / osmotic concentration of red blood cell. 2 Water diffuses into the cell P3 by osmosis 4 causing the cell to swell up / burst P5 The cell undergone haemolysis ‘tips://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 6No Marking Criteria Marks) srarks In Solution B P6 Solution B is hypertonic to red blood cell / cytoplasmic 1 fiuid / osmotic concentration of red blood cell. P7 Water diffuses out of the cell P8 By osmosis 9 Causing the cells to shrink and crenate P10 The cell / Red blood cell undergone creanation Any 6 ‘Marks © Pi Table salts gives the hypertonic condition to the ‘surrounding / body fluid of leeches. P2 Water diffuses out of laeches P3 by osmosis 4 Leeches becomes dehydrated 4 P5 and make it released from human skin and eventually oe Marks TOTAL MARKS Page 7FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 PULAU PINANG 2013 6. Diagram 0.1 shows the condlion of a pot of lent efies being treaied wih too Tush Fertser. Rajah 6.1 meounjukkan keadaan tumbuhen pesu apabila direwet dengen baja yang a ‘Condition A/ Keadean A Diagram 6.1 / Rajat 6.1 @ @ Drow a tebeted plant cal in show each of te contin in A and B Lukisken gambar rajah sel tumbuhan yang berlabel untuk menunjukkan keadsen dalam A dan B. [4 marks] ! [4 markahy , @ open the phenemenon thet ocuure fy diagran F ee rerangken fenomene yang berlaku delem rajah {5 marks} {5 markah} tb} = ‘which can be preserved for a long period of time. () Explain a by mango a ‘bag! yng sesuel supaya manga dapat eorvengiama {6 marks] / [5 markah] () Describe the structure of the plasma membrane using the fluid mosaic model. Terengkan struktur membran plasme dengan menggunskan model bendalir mozok. 16 marks] / [6 markah} ————————————————— ‘https:/fickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 8M4: CHAPTER 3. PULAU PINANG 201: Question - Marking Scheme SSS ‘Sub | Total | — - _— Mark | Mark a\G)) | Able to draw a labelled plant cell to show each of the condition A and condition B cell wall cytoplasm vacuole Tia ‘Condition A / Keadoan A ‘Drawing / Laskisan 1 Label label 1 2 cell wall plasma membrane * {a pled atey ‘tom twat vacuole Condition B / Keadaan 8 Drawing / Lukisan ; 2 Label label (axis) | Able to explain the phenomenon that occursin diagram 6.1 PI : Excessive fertiliser increases the solute concentration in sol (round the roots) compared to the cel! sap( of the root) lebitan baja akan meningkatkan kepekatan 2: The cell sap now has a higher concentration of water / hypotonic to the soil water Stay mempey kpc ag eth ing Mpc teh a 3 : This results in water molecules diffusing from the cell sap into the soil by ‘osmosis ini menyebabkan molekul air akan meresap tanah secara osmosis, P4 : Plasmolysis occurs plasmoliss Berlaku PS : Vecuole / cytoplasm shrink Vakwol /sitoplasma mengecat 6 : Plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall Memibrn plasma’ tertarik ihenjaui dnding, eat terlarut dalam tanah teluar daripada sap sel ke ‘sel 7 ——— Page 9- FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 PULAU PINANG 2013 [- + (plasmolysed cell lose turgidity and support) causing the whole plant 10 wilt } “| ‘G@lasinolysis sel akan menyebabhun sel Kehitangan kesegahan can sokongan), menyebabkan pokok layu Any SP/ mana-mana SP} SX1 | § 6(o) "| Able to expiain a suitable method by which mango can be preserved for a _ ong period of time, Pl : Pickling Penjerukan 2: A high concentration of salt / sugar sofution is used Larutan garam atau gula yang pekat digimakan 3 : Concenirated salt / sugar solution is hypertonic conapared to the cell sap (of ‘the mango) Larutan garam / gula yang pekat adalah hipertonik terhadap sel sap (buah mangga) PA: Water molecules (within the food exile) difuse out by osmosis “Molekul air meresap keluar (deri buoh mangga} secara osmosis PS: Water molecules also difuse out from the microorganism Molekul air juga meresap keluar dari mikroorganisma 6 : Food become dehydrated ‘Mohanan mengalami penyahidratan 7: Without water, bacteria and fungus cannot survive ‘Tampa air, balteria dan kulat tidak dapat membiak (©) Able to describe the structure of plasma menibrane using the fluid mosaic model PI: Plasme membrane is composed of phospholipid and protein Menibran plasma terbina daripada fosfolipid dan protein PR: Various types of proteins are dsprsd thoughout ad aver Into the Fel fs proc teraebr den trina dean tiple fool 2: Phospholipid bier are not sigs ut im dynamic / exible dak: memmbentuk struktar iron tig sé garstatik tetapi yang: Pa; Phowot mole bis pol id icp) and eno pole LST lt mpd ich in crn rf PS : Contains cholesterol which links the fatty ecids together and ‘Mengandngi kelesierol wituk menghubung asid lemak Berscma dan — ‘htips//wickedbiology.wordpress.com age 10igthen ihe plasnia membrane (and make itmore exible.) Membantu memberi kestabilan / kekustan terhadap membron plasma{ dan ‘menyebabhanya membran lebih fleksibel) PT’: Has various type of proicins (eg: pore protein and carrier protein) either partially attached or wholly embedded in the membrane, ‘Mempuryal pelbagai protein (protein pembawa dan protein Hang) terbenam secara separa atau secara menyeturuh di dalari membran PB: The protein molecules float about in the phospholipid bilayer to form a mosaic pattern that is always changing / luid /dynamic. Molekul protein terapung di dalam dvilapisan fosfolipid untuk membentuk corak mozek yang sentiasa berubah /eiri bendalir/ dinamik Any 6P / mana-mana 6P ‘ttps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 11FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 SBP 2011 7 @) @ @ @ Movement of substances across the plasma membrane in the cell is important for the continuity in fife of organisms. The process helps to maintain a constant internal environment. Pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma ai dalam sel adalah penting untuk kemandirian hidup organisma. Proses ini mengekalkan persekitaran dalaman organism. Explain the importance of plasma membrane for the survival of living organism. Terangkan Kepentingan membran plasma untuk kemandirian organism hidup. [4 marks] [4 markah) (ii) Diagram 7.1 shows two types of transport of substances through plasma membrane. ~~ Rajah .1 menunjukkan dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma. Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 Explain the two types of transport of substances through plasma membrane ‘shown in Diagram 7. Terangkan kedua-dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7 [6 marks} [6 markah] Ahups://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 12FORM 4: CHAPTER 3 _ SBP 2011 (b) A student carry out the experiment to determine the concentration of an external ‘solution which is isotonic to the cell sap. The student immersed the potato strips in a different concentration of sugar in 30 minutes time. ‘Diagram 7.2 shows graph plotted to show the change in mass against Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2 (@ Based on the graph in Diagram 7.2,, stale the concentration of the solution that is isotonic to cell sp. Sarsemer ere ah 7.3, syed acon pane eaten Sage sap. Timarky (6) Explain what happen to the cell at point P , Q.and R. Terangkan apa yeng berlaku terhadap sel dititik P, Qdan R. [9 marks} 19 markeah} ————————— Aitps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 13FORM 4: CHAPTER 3. SBP 2011 ‘No ‘Mark Scheme ‘Sub | Total 7 Able to explain the importance of plasma membrane for the survival of | Max (@G) | living organism. ‘Sample answer F : living organism need mitrients / oxygen / gincose / mineral / any suitable example to continue their life's processes EI : ions inside cells must be kept at different concentration to outside the cells. E2 : fo maintain a constant internal environment/ homeostasis) EB: The substances across the plasma membrane from the external environment E4 : cells produce waste products which exit through the plasma membrane ES: The movement / types / amount of substances in and out of the cells is regulated by plasma membrane. EG : the cells need to maintain suitable pH of the celis for enzyme activity ET : so that cell can secretes usefil substances / hormones / enzymes Any four 4 @li) | Abie to explain active transport and facilitated diffusion of substances | 343 through plasma membrane ‘Sample answer Type F1 : facilitated diffusion occur E1 : diffusion of small molecules / ions E2: move fiom higher concentration to the higher concentration of sohite 3 : through pore protein EA: does no need energy Any three | 3 Type 2 F: Active transport occur E1: The molecules such as sodinm ions / potassium ions / glucose / ‘amino acid E2:: move against concentration gradient / from lower concentration to the higher concentration 3 : through carrier protein 4 : have active site with bind with particular molecule ES : need energy /ATP Any three | 3 6 ‘https:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 14FORM4:CHAPTERS sm 20 i) "| Abie to explain what happen to the cal ot post Quand Si ‘Sample answer 3 2 3 Isotonic to the sap cell: 0.27 motien”/ 0.28 mokim” :0.29 moldm’ Polat P Fi : The mass of potato increase 1 : (This oceer because) the solution concentration is hypotonic to the sap cell of the potato 2: The water molecule diffuse out from lower concentration! ‘hypotonic region to the higher concentrafioa/ hypertonic region 3: by osmosis E4 : cell becomes turgid (so the mass increased) Point Q F2: The potato does not lose or gain mass El: This occur because the concentration o the solution is isotonic to ‘the cell sap E2: Diffusion af water molecule is at equilibrium / equal rate £3 : no net gain or loss of water molecule (so the mass is matained) Point R F3: The mass of potato decrease El : (This occur because) the solution is hypertonic to the cell sap E2:: The water molecule diffuse out ftom cells ‘from higher ‘concentration to the lower concentration / solution at surrounding 3: by osmosis EA: cell becomes flaccid (60 the mass decreased) Any 10 | 10 ‘TOTAL | 20 ” hutps://mickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 15,FORM 4 : CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1) 6 (a) Enzymes is produced by living cells. There are two types of enzyme which are intracellular enzyme and extracellular enzyme. Diagram 6.1 shows the organelles involved in the synthesis and secretion of extracellular enzymes in an animal cell. Enzim dinasilkan oleh sel hidup. Terdapat dua jenis dua jenis iaitu enzim intrasel dan enzim juar sel. Diagram 6.1 menunjukkan organet-organel yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan rembesan enzim-enzim Ivar sel di dalam sel haiwan. Diagram 6.1 Rejah 6.1 (i) Explain the differences between intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes. Terangkan perbezaan di antara enzim intrasel dan enzim luar sel. [4 marks } [4 markah} ———— ‘itps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 16FORM 4 : CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2014 (SET 4) (ii) Deseribe the involvement of the organelles in the production of extracellular enzymes. Huraikan penglibatan organel-organel di dalam penghasilan enzim-enzim luar sel. [8 marks ] [8 markeh} 6 (b) Diagram 6.2 shows three stages in an enzyme reaction. Rajah 6.2 menunjukken tiga peringkat di dalam suatu tindakan enzim. . Ge €3 Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2 () Based on diagram above, explain the lock and key hypothesis in the mechanism of enzyme reaction. Berdasarkan gambarajah di atas, terangkan hipotesis kunci dan manga di dalam mekanisma tindak balas enzim. [8 marks ] [8 markah } —————— ‘hutps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 17FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1) Marking Criteria Marks) PT: Intracellular enzymes are produced and retained in the col P2: For the use of the cell itself P3: Extracellular enzymes are produced in the call but secreted from the cell P4: To function externally Total Marks: 4 marks: Pi: The nucleus contain DNA which cartes the information for the synthesis of enzymes 2: The genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA, in the nucleus P3:The RNA leaves the nucieus and attaches to ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum 4: Proteins that are synthesized at the ribosomes are transported through the space within RER P5: Proteins depart from RER wrapped in vesicles that bud off from the membrane of the RER P8:The transport vesicles fuse with the Golgi Apparatus and empty their content into the membranous space P7:The protein are further modified during their transport in Golgi Apparatus P8: Sacretory vesicles containing enzymes bud off from Golgi Apparatus and travel fo plasma membrane P9:These vesicles fuse with plasma membrane and release the extracellular enzymes (b) BT Enzyme 7 P is represent the look P2.: Substrate /Q is represent the ‘key’ P3: Enzyme / Pis specific. P4: Enzyme / P only can combined with substrate / Q PS: Enzyme/ P has specific active site which can fit into specific substrate / Ahttps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 18FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1) 6: The substrate /Q binds with the active site’ enzyme to [1 form an enzyme-substrate complex PT: Enzyme / P convert / hydrolysed / breakdown substrate 1 /Q into products/R 4 8: The producisiR are released from the enzymes 9: The enzyme/P remain unchanged at the end of the 4 reaction ‘P10: Enzyme P can be reused P11: The enzyme/P is now free to bind with another 4 motacute of substrate/Q Page 19FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2011 6 Diagram 6,1 shows the organelles im ulved ix the synthesis aed secresion of an extreceilular snayme in an animal cell, Rajah 6.2 memunjukkan organelorcanel yang teriibat dalam siniests des rembesan enzim tuar se} di dalam sel hasitvan. Secretory vesicle Fesikel rembesan Goigi Apparetis , Jas Golgi “Transport vesicle Fesitel pengangtut Nucleus Ribosome / Rihesoma Maieet — Rough endoplasmic retigulum Jalinan enduplawnea keer Diagram 5.1 / Raja 6.2 the processes involved ir the production of (a) Based on Dikgramn 6.1, expt eetirace.tular enzymes, Berdasuihun Rajah 6.1, reranghan pruses-proses yang terlibatt daicn penghavtlan ensim Ivar sel. [6 rucks ? merkab] Attps:/frickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 20NEGERI SEMBILAN 2031 (@) Diagram 6.2 shows twr: types of complex molecules. Rajah 6.2 menunjukken dua jenis motéhil konpleks. Same | Menoméx Monomer © | Basic unit: amino acid | simone CY ‘| Monomer ‘Basic unit: monosaccharide Unit asas: mannsakavida Unit avas: asid amino = ”Diagiai 62 /Rajah 6.2 a Based on Diagram 6.2, explain Berdasarkan Rajah 6,2, terangkan (tho formation of molecules X /pembentakan molebal X (ii) the breakdown ct molecule Y / penguraian molekul ¥ [4 marks / markait) oo Page 21FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 NEGER! SEMBILAN 2011 (6) Starch, protein end lipid can he hydrolysed by the enzymes X, Y and Z respectively. Disgram 6.3 is a graph which shows the effect of pHi on the rate of enzyme activity, Kanjt, protein dan lipid masing-masing dapat dihidrolisis otch encim X, ¥ dun z. Rajah 6.3 salah graf yang menunjukkan kesem pH he atay hedar abtivisl enzim, Diagram 6.3 / Rajah 6.3 Based on the Diagram 6,3, name X, Y, 7 ard explain how the chasiges in pH affects enzyme activity. Berdasarkan Rujeh 6.3, namakun.X, ¥, Z dan terangham Bagamana perubahan pH menjejasken oktlvisi enim. [1G marks / markah} ‘tps/nickedbiology: wordpress.com Page 22FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2011 ‘BINA inthe nucleus contains genetic information o synyhesize ‘enzymnes /protin, i * RNA copies the information from ite DNA for use in enzyme! prota ayes \ ‘ ‘+ - Ribosomes synthesise protein / polypeptides b Any * The synthesized proteins are transpovted through tie spaces ithe ha Proteins are transported by transport vesicles to the Golei apparatus | Here the proteins are modified inc enzymes, I ‘The enzymes are transported o the plasina membrane by secretory ! é vesleles to be released outside the cell | 1] mex ) P Molesle Xi elec Fate Which vnsiet ot ang 7 Reject sarch 1 monospacharides /lucose ‘alycogen * The monosaccturides /alucose are joined \opether by vinndetsaliany | 1 ‘eves 0 form long choine of polymers 1 Molecule ¥ is a polupeptice ( which consist of many amino acids) | 1 | Nocoic Vober act rhe! 6 pepo, V-saiwary amylase, Z trypsin i Each enzyme functions actively at fs optinmm pl ! ‘The cuzyine salivecy amy lave Kinstinns egtinlly ct pases | the optinam plt fis psin K pLEZ act | Luypsin is pH8 Sf alkstine fhe ehurpes it HE vt cas changes on the consentaaier hydrogen funstt. Yond hye nash ecm OH) + The excess hiydrngen ions or hydraxyt joie destabilise enzvines by tot | changing the charges of the active site. ‘ j * Charges on the substrate surface area) ale also changed t | ‘Hence the enzyme-subsivate complex cannot be formed / the | substrate carnot enter / fic into the active site sox j ; * Theeffects of pHi changes on enzyme activity are voveisible iy * An enzyme which is inactive [a igh pH mecium will become * | L_____| __aclive again wien itis arts : : [gotaL, nee aif | pon CHAPTER 4 PERAK 2010 _| Enzymes which are isolated from cells can function outside the cells. Enzymes can be used as catalysts in industries. The use of enzymes in industrial processes is known as enzyme technology. Encim yang diasinghan daripada sei boleh berfungst di luar sel. Enzio boleh digunakan sebagai pemangkin di dalam industri Penggunaan enzim di dalam perindustrian dikenali sebagai teknologi enim. | Based on the statement: | Berdasarkan penyataan di atas: @ list the general characteristic of enzymes ‘senaraikan ciri-ciri umuam enzim [4 marks] (il) Using suitable examples, discuss the uses of enzymes in industrial processes and our daily life. {6 marks] Dengan menggunakan contoh-contoh yang sesuai. Bincangkan kegunaan encim di dalam proses industri dan kehidupan harian. FIGURE 6 (b) Figure 6 shows the organclles involved during the synthesis and seeretion of an enzyme in an animal cell. Based on Figure 6. explain how extracellular enzyme are produced by emphasizing on the role of P. Q. R and S. Rajah 6 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat semasa penghasilan dan perembesan enzim di dalam sel haiwan. Berdasarkan Rajah 6, terangkan bagaimana enzim luar sel dihasilkan dengan ‘menekankan peranan P, Q, R dan S. [10 Marks]PERAK 2010 (eit) Able to list the general characteristics of enzymes Sample answer PI ~ Enzymes are proteins which are synthesised by living organisms. P2— Enzymes bind fo their substrates and convert them to product in the ic reaction ‘enzymatic P3— Enzymes have specific sites ealled active sites to bind to specific substrates // enzymes are highly specific in their reaction // cach enzyme can only catalyse one kind of substrate / specific substrate P4— Enzymes speed up the rates of chemical reactions but remain unchanged (at the end of the reaction ) {/ They are not destroyed by the reactions they catalyse. PS ~ Enzyines are needed in small quantities because they are not used up (but released at the end of a reaction) P6— Most enzyme-catalysed reactions are reversible // eazymes can catalyse the reaction in either direction. P7— The activity of an enzyme can be slowed down or completely stopped by inhibitors /’In order to fnction well , many enzymes require helper molecules ealled cofactors. JAble to discuss the uses of enzymes in industrial processes and our daily life, using suitable examples Sample answer type of industry? isolation Enzymes used Uses (U) @ {E) Food processing | Reanin <*Solidifies milk proteins industry Lipase ‘*Ripening of cheese Lactase Hydrolyses lactose to (a)Dairy products glucose in the making of ice-cream [Bread and other | Amylase ‘samylase convert starch bakery products flour into sugar in the (baking industry) making of the bread Protease “protease convert protein in the making of biscnit @Alchoholic drinks [Amylase ‘amylase convert starch in = 5 Page 25FORM 4: CHAPTER 4 _ PERAK 2010 | (eer Twine Thal info giocose T making industry) for the fermentation of ‘yeast (in wine and beer Zymase Savas ass 1 into ‘ethanol during fermentation of yeast (in —| wine and beer production) | ‘products “Protease “*Profease removes the skin 1 of fish products | Protease ‘Tenderises meat grain ‘Celtulase | «Breaks down cellulose and | products removes seed coats from cereal grain 1 | Max: 7m ial a ‘Digest cell wall and 1 extracts agar from seaweed Products | Amylase Change starch to sugar in the making of syrup 1 Glucose Convert giucase into isomerase fructose // Production of 1 ‘high fructose syrup Leather products | Trypsin/ ‘Removal of hair from 1 Protease ‘animal hides 8. Medical 7 (@ancreatic) | © Treats inflammation ttipsia 1 product QMicrobial) | » Dissatves blood clots | typsin 1 “Biological Proteaseand | »Dissolve protein and starch washing powder | amylase stains in clothes 1 or detergent Grant marks : 1 All the three comesponding (T+ +U ) should be correct 10 marks 6%) | Able to explain how extracellular enzyme is produred by emphasising on the role of P, Q, R and $ Sample answer PIP : nucleus, store genetic imformation / gene (for the synthesis af enzymes) in chromosome / DNA /is carried by the DNA. Pl The messenger RNA/ mRNA is synthesised acconting to the {instruction on the DNA // The genetic information to synthesis the enzyme in DNA is transfered to RNA in code form //| 1 ‘mentioning of the transcription process briefly. P3_Q : mitochondrion, produce energy by cellular respiration (used in the production of extracellular enzyme i - - __. ‘hups://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 26. RM 4: CHAPTER 4 PERAK 2010 a = | 'P4—The messenger RNA /miRNA / RNA thea leaves the nucleus and ‘moves to the ribosame (which is the site of protein synthesis) PS The messenger RNA / mRNA /RNA attaches itself to the| 1 sibosome i ‘P6- Protein that are synthesised at the ribosome are transported| 1 -- Proteins depart fiom the rough endoplasmic reticulum wrapped ! in vesicle that bud off from the sides of the rough endoplasmic reticulum / from the membranes of the rough endoplasmic i seticulum | P8— These transport vesicles fuse with the membrane of the R, Golgi} i ‘apparatus / body and empty their contents into the membranous space PO- These proteins ase modified during their transport in the Golgi} 1 apparatus, R. [Siege ® mis eos carbohydrate are added to protein I~ S, secretory vesicle containing these modified proteins tad off : from the Golgi membrane and travel to plasma membrane 1 [ing poco treat eee ‘seleasing the proteins outside the cell as extacelfular enzymes. i Grant marks: 1 | Max: ‘Hf student mention the names of P,Q, R and 5 before or after 10m explaining the process. Total: (20 marksKELANTAN 2008 6 (a) According to the stages melaphase, anaphase and telophase in cell dvsion, differentiate the events happening during mitosis and meiosis. Berdasarkan kepada peringkat metafasa, analasa dan’ telofasa dalam pembahagian sel, bezakan peristiva yang berlaku semasa mitosis dan meiosis. [4 marks} " (b) Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2 Diagram 6.1 is a new variety of 2 vegetable which has @ great commercial value. Diagram 6.2 is the original parent ofthe plant. Based on above Diagram and with your biological knowledge, explain how a farmer can propagate this variety to give a large scale of yield and at the same time maintains its quality. Rajah 6.1 adalah satu variati sayuran di mana mempunyai nilai komersial, Rajah 6.2 adalah induk tmpatan pokok tersebut. Berdasarkan Rajah di atas dan pengetatuen biologi anda, terangkan bagaimena Seorang petani dapat memperbanyakkan variati ini supaya hasil ladang dapat ‘meningkat dan pada masa yang sama, kualiti dapat dipelhara. [6 marks} ¢) Discuss how mutation can lead to the formation of tumour Bincangkan bagaimana mutasi dapat menyebabkan pembentukan tumor. f sks} 10 marFORM 4: CHAPTERS KELANTAN 2008 | | SUGGESTED ANSWER : No. | ACCEPTED POINTS / DESCRIPTION / EXPLANATION M 6(a) © Able to cifferentiate the events happening durhg mitosis | 4 and meiosis, Stages Mitosis Melosis 1-Metaphase —_|- homologous chromosome are | - homologous chromosome line up arranged In linear sequence | side by side at the metaphase plate ‘randomly at the metaphase plate 2. Anaphase ~ separation of sister chromatids | - separation of the homologous to the opposite polel/ the chromosome to the opposite pole // centromere of each chtomesome | sister chromatids still remain Givides into two and allows sister | attached to each other during chromatid to move to opposite | movernent to the opposite pole pole. 3.Telophase =| - two daughter nuclei are formed | - four daughter nuclei are formed = diploid (2n) number of chromosome is remained ~ daughter cells are genetically Identical to each other and to the parent cell, = diploid (2n) number of chromosome is reduced to haploid (n) + daughter cells are differ from the parent and from each other! variation ‘occurs among daughter cells. ‘1meach = max 4 marksFORM 4: CHAPTER 5 KELANTAN 2008 [ No. ACCEPTED POINTS / DESCRIPTION / EXPLANATION Sum 6b) Able to explain how a farmer can propagate this variety to ive a large scale of yield and at the same time maintains its quality. ‘+ The technique used is tissue culture technique * A piece of tissue/explant is taken from the young part of the parent plant eg. Shoot/ root and cut into smaller pieces + The tissues are sterilized (with dilute sodium hypochlorite solution) to prevent the growth of pathogens / bacteria ‘fungus. * Each pieces of sterilised tissue is placed onto a growth medium/ gel containing nutrients (eg. Glucose, amino acid, minerals etc.) and hormone/auxin with optimum — pH level © The apparatus and culture medium used must be in sterile conditions and kept under the suitable temperature/ 30- 35°C. * The tissue cells then divide repeatedly by mitosis to produce a mass of undifferentiated cells callus * After several weeks, callus differentiated to produce shoots and roots /organogenesis. * Once the roots grow, the plantlets/littie plant are removed and transferred to the soil for growth into the adult plant. * All the plantlets produced this way are genetically identical ‘and known as clones. ‘+ Therefore, all adults plants that develop from them share the same traits, for example has large fruits. Max point - 1 mark 10 point - 10 marks, Max: 6ACCEPTED POINTS / DESCRIPTION / EXPLANATION 6b) Discuss how mutation can lead to the formation of ‘certain substance/carcinogen such as benzo- A - pyrene etc... * can cause the change in DNA structure (that control the coll cycle) aan abnormal cell is formed/ cancer cell / mutant celi this change disrupts the coded DNA genetic instruction for mitosis contro! this leads to uncontrolled mitosis (which is non-stop division of the cell) producing a mass of new daughter cells called tumour '* tumour cells have no function, but instead compete with surrounding normal cells to obtain nutrients and energy for their own growth © some tumours remain inactive and are relatively harmless (not cancerous) and called benign tumour Benign tumour cells remain at its original site and do Not spread to other part of the body. It can be removed by surgery. Other tumour, called malignant tumours are very active (cancerous), spread locally and some cancer cell migrates through bloodstream to invade other organ. when this happens, secondary tumous develop in other body tissue, then lead to the malfunction of the tissue and ultimately death An individual with a malignant tumour is said to have cancer. ° Max 10FORM 4: CHAPTER 5 SBP 2009 7. (@)(i) What is meant by cloning? — Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pengkionan? vena [2 marks} 2markah} (@)() Describe one cloning technique to produce a commercial plant of desirable charactoristies Jelaskan satu contoh teknik pengklonan yang. boleh chounakan untuk menghasikan fumbuhan komersial yang mempunyai ciri-ciri yang dikehendaki. 6 £6 markab] @) ‘The hormone insulin used by present day diabetics is the result of genetic engineering technology. This hormone which was used to treat diabetics since 1982 is the first technological dari feknologi kejuruteraan Sejak 1862 adnan prodek fenotg perame yang ‘dibenarkan yang dibenarkan untuk, Based on above information, discuss the benefits of genetic engineering method in Producing products forthe society. Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, bincangkan keboikan teknik kejuriteraan genetik dalam keperivan masyarakat. [6 marks} [6 markab] (©) Diagram 7.1 shows @ group of cols that is exposed to ulreviolel ray. Rejah 7.1 menunjukken sekumputan set yang terdedah kepada sinar ultraviolet. ‘The exposure drives the col cycle matfunctions. Based on the Diagram 7.1 describe effect of call cycle malfunctions to the Pendedahan kepada sinar radioaktf menyebabkan kitar sel tidak berfungsi. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, huraikan kesan kitar sel yang tidak berfungsi ke ates badan. 16 marks]FORM 4: CHAPTER 5 SBP 2009 Marking Criteria Able to explain what cloning is : Sample answer 1: Cloning Is an asexual reproductive process of producing clones/idoes not involve gamete P2.: A clone is a group of cells//organism//a population of organisms produced from a single ancestral cell. P3 : Aclones genetically identical 4 : The technique can be used to produce high quality of organism / orchids/ oil palm / cocoa plants. Any 2P (b) Abie to describe tissue culture technique. Sample answer: 1: Tissue culture technique 2: Tissue culture technique is used to produce (high quality of seediing)oil paim seedlings in vitro/any suitable example. P3 : The leaves/shoot/stem/root tissues are cut out (These cut out Plant tissues are called explants). P4 :The pieces of meristematic tissue (explants) are cultured in sterile nutrient medium, in suitable pH and with addition of plant growth substances.( at least 2 factors) PS :The flasks containing the tissue are stored in an incubator at 37°C for 2/3 weeks. 6 : The cell divide by mitosis to produce callus. P7 : The callus is then cut into small pieces. : The small pieces of callus tissues are then cultured in sterile nutrient medium. Pt ® P9 : When it has grown to a suitable size, the clone is transferred to the nursery. Any 8 P Page 33°FORM 4: CHAI P2009 (c) Abie to describe the effect of cycle malfunctions to the body. ‘Sample answer P1: The exposure damage the DNA of the cell P2: A cell divides through mitosis repeatedly. P3: Produces cancerous cell P4: Due to (severe ) distruption to the mechanism that controls the cell cycle PS: Cancerous cells divide freely / uncontrollably heeding the ceil cycle controf 6: (these cells ) compete with surrounding normal cells to obtain nutrient / energy (for growth) P7: Invade / destroy neighbouring cells 8: (they can spread to other organ and) initiate , cancers there. Any 6P TOTAL Attys; */rackedbiology. wordpress.com “Page 34FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 8 (@)_ Diagram 8.1 shows two reactions that occur is a chloroplast. Rajah 8.1 memnjukkan dua tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam Koroplas. SBP 2012 Reaction I: Reaction Il: Tindak balas 1 Tindak balas Uh Water > Hydrogen ions > Hydrogen atoms || Hydrogen atoms Glucose Air Tonhidrogen Atom hidrogen Atom hidrogen _ Glukosa + + > Hydroxyll ions > Oxygen + Water || Carbondioxide Water Jon hidroksida Oksigen Air || Karbon dioksida Air Diagram 8.1 Rajah 8.1 Based on Diagram 8.1, describe both reactions. Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1, huraikan kedua-dua tindak balas, [10 marks} [10 markah} ‘itps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 35FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 SBP 2012 (b) Diagram 8.2 shows the daily menu of a pregnant woman. Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan menu harian bagi seorang wanita mengandung. Breakfast / Sarapan Pagi A plate of fried rice ‘Sepinggan nasi goreng A.cup of fresh milk Satu cawan susu segar Lunch / Makan Tengahari A bowl of chicken rice Semanghuk nasi ayam A piece of roasted chicken ‘Seketul ayam panggang. A bow! of chicken soup Semangkuk sup ayam A glass of carbonated drink Segelas minuman bergas Dinner / Makan Malam ‘A plate of fried noodle Sepinggan mee goreng A banana Sebiji pisang A.cup of coffee secawan kopi Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2 Does the menu provide a balanced diet for the pregnant woman? Discuss your opinion, Adakah menu ini membekalkan diet seimbang untuk wanita mengandung? Bincanghan pendapat anda, [10 marks} [10 markah} ‘ttps//wickedbiology wordpress.com Page 36SBP 2012 » FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 _ ———SBP 2012 N Criteria Marks @ ‘Able to describe mechanism of photosynthesis. Sample answer: * (Reaction 1) : Light reaction © Occurs in granum / grana * That contains chlorophyll = Water molecules are broken down by light * Into hydrogen ions and hydroxy! ions = Called photolysis of water * Electrons from chlorophyll * Discharged hydrogen ions into hydrogen atoms = Hydroxyl ions release electrons (to the chlorophyll) = Form oxygen gas and water *# (Reaction Ml): Dark reaction * Occurs in stroma (of chloroplast) * Contains enzymes * Receives ATP from light reation » Hydrogen from light reaction react with carbon dioxide = Reduction of carbon dioxide * Forms glucose (and water) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 * Contains too much fat * In fried rice / chicken rice / fried noodle * Increase cholesterol level = Cause excess body weight / hypertension / cardiovascular problems * Carbonated drink contains excess sugar = Cause diabetics * Contains colouring / preservatives / chemicals / acids Cause cancer / gastritis Coffee contains caffeine / drugs / chemicals = Acting on the nerves * Cause contipation * Less vitamin / minerals / ferum // other examples * for good health / make blood // other examples (10 marks) OR * Yes = Rice provides carbohydrates = For energy * Fresh milk provides proteins = For growth of foetus * Calcium for bone formation = Roasted chicken provides proteins (Any 10) ® Able to discuss the menu whether it Provides a balanced diet for the 10 pregnant woman or not. Sample answers "No * Tess fats so less risk of cardiovascular problems * chicken soup provides minerals // examples * for good health // other examples = Banana provides fibres * Avoid contipation (Any 10) TOTAL 20 Attps://ickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 37FORM 5: CHAPTER 6 _ SBP 2014 8 @) Diagram 8.1 shows the relationship between light intensity and the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. Diagram 8.2 the involvement of two organelles in photosynthesis and respiration at the compensation point, Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan hubwigan antara keamatan cahaya dengan kadar fotosintesis dan ‘kadar respirasi dalam tumbuban. Rajah 8.2 menuoyjutkan penglibatan dua organel di dalam satu sel twnbuhan berkattan proses fotosintesis dan resptrasi pada titik pampasan, Oo Chloroplast Mloroplas co: ‘Mitochondrion . Mitokondria 0 Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2 ‘Analyse the graph in Diagram 8.1 and show the relationship between light intensity and the production of crop yield et points A, B, C, and D. Analisis graf dalam Rajah 8.1 dan tunjukkan perhubungan antara keamatan cahaya dan hhasil tanaman pada tiik-tink A,B, C, danD. [10 marks] [10 markah] Page 38FORM 5: CHAPTER 6. SBP 2014 (b) Diagram 8:3 shows the balanced diet proportion for preguant woman. Table 8.4 shows the food intake by a pregnant woman for her dinner. Rajah 8.3 memunjukkan nisbah gist seimbang untuk wanita hamil Jadual 84 mennjukkan makanan yang diambil oleh seorang perempuan ham untuk makan malam, Table 8.4 Jadual 8.4 State whether the mema is suitable forthe pregnant woman. Use related biological concepts to support your opinion. Nyatakan samada menu tersebut sesuat untuk perempuan mengandung. itu. Gunakan konsep biologi yang Berkaitan untuk menyokong pendapat anda. [10 marks} (10 mark] —————— Page 39 Aitps// tbiology. wordpress.comFORM 4: CHAPTER 6 SBP 2014 —___ ‘Criteria ‘Ai copia Low Rg nay ates te podocion of erp yield ‘the relationship between the rate of photosynthesis and the rafe of sespiration 2t points A, B, Cand D to the growth of crop. Sample answer: ALA: PY In the dark/ low light (intensity), only respiration occurs / large py Rimlgyef COs pramcaitaed Ae Ht (atensity) increases ‘the quantity of CO; produce B3 ‘ices prt of CO prodaced ding espinton wed for ct ‘this point of light inemsity) all the CO,release from respiration is 7 erecta pte tot . ‘sugar produced. » rl fotos equal he eo ition (is pits calied compensation point) P10 No growth // mo production of crop AG PII as light intensity increases, the mate of photosynthesis become faster than / exceed the rate of: P12 (atthe same time) excess Oy is releases (into the atmoaphere) P13 Growth occurs PI4 Production of crop increases, ALD: PIS is the light saturation point PIG an increase in light intensity does not increase the rate of 17 tassimamn rate of photos thesis PIT Growth rate is maximum PIB prodaction of crop is maximum Gay 10) ——————— ‘https, /wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 40FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. sap 2014 @ | Able to state whether the men provides a balanced diet for the 10 Pregnant woman or not and able to discuss. Sample answers: F NofItis not suitable t ‘Reasons Pi Contains too much fat P2 Ia fried egg / chicken cunry / butter 3 Increase cholesterol level P4 Cause excess body weight / hypertension / cardiovascular ‘PS Carbonated drink contains excess sugar P6 Cause diabetics ‘P7 Contains coloring / preservatives / chemicals / acitis PS Cause cancer /, i tt pa PLL Less /ao vegetables and fibre. Pi2 Cause: PIS Less vitamin / minerals / ferum // other examples P14 for good health / make blood // other examples i HH th a | (Any 10) OR F Yew lis suitable 1 ne ‘Reasons: PI Rice/potato chips contain s carbohydrate 2 fix energy BS we fr actin body metabo chicken cuyrftied egg contains protein B for building new cells growth’ replace old cells 6 butter contains lipid/txt 7 {br Soon of anes marae! new els PR as a stored energy 9 sr the predation of (ero) hormone testosterone! P20 Milk contains caleinny phosphorus PEI for the formation of teeth andi bones of foetus i (Ay 10) — eee ‘Ltips://wickedbjology. wordpress.com Page 41. FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 PULAU PINANG 2013 @) ‘The energy requirement of a girl aged 15 is 9000 KJ daily. Table below shows the types of food, quantity and energy content of her daily menu. Keperluan tenaga remaja perempuan berumur 15 tahun ialah 9000KI sehari. Jadwal «li ‘bawah memunjukkan jenis makanan, kuantiti dan kanchungan tenaga dan menu hariannya, Types of food ‘Quantity taken Energy content JJenis makanan Kuantiti diambil | Kandungan tenoga (e) (13/1008) Rice/ Nasi 350, 1300 Chips! Kerepek 150 1000 ‘Roasted chicken / Ayam panggang 300 800, Grilled mutton/ Kambing pangeang 200 1200 Boiled potatoes) Kentang rebus 150 500 Chocolate/ Coklat 100 2500 ‘Yoghurt/ Daath 200 200 Eggs! Telur 100 600, Table ¥/ Jadual | Gi) Gili) ) @ (i) Calculate the daily total energy value taken by the git). i Hitungkan jumlah rilat tenaga harian yang diambil oleh remaja itu. {2 marks] / (2 markah] Isher daily menu a balanced dict? Adakah menu hariannya gia! Simbong? Te ‘Terangkon [2 marks) / [2 markah} If she continues to take the menu every day, fora long time, explain the consequences to her health, Jika dia terus mengambil menu tersebut setiap hari untuk tempoh yang lama, terangkun kesan ke atas kesihatannya. [6 marks] /[o marka Photosynthesis is a process whereby a green plant produces organic food | tubsatces rm carbon aside andar ine presence of carp and sui Fotosintesis lalah proses cl mans tumbuhan hijeu monghesiken beher! makanan organik daripada karbon dioksida dan air dengan kehadiran kiorofil dan cahaya Based on your understanding of the abové statement, describe how a molecule of carbon dioxide in the air and water absorbed from the roots becomes part of a carbohydrate molecule stored in a leaf ofa plant. Berdasarkan kefahaman anda terhadap pernyataan datas, terangkan bagaimana suat ‘molekul karbon dioksida di udara dan air yang diserap di akar menjadi sebahaglan daripada ‘molekul karbohidrat yang disimpan pada daun tumbuhan. [8 marks] / [8 markah] Describe how a carbohydrate molecule stored in a leaf of a plant can become a starch molecule stored in the root. Terangkan bagalmana suatu molekul karbohidrat yang disimpan pada dawn tumbuhan boleh ‘menjadi suatu molekul kanji yang disimpan dalam akar [2 marks] / [2 markah] —_—_—————_————__ Autps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 42cme, Marking Sehemme “Ao elo Olly tal aay Tae Raa By eT | Totengy vets mo, “| Aaah nila tenaga iatah : 5250+ 1500 +2400 +2400 + 750 + 2500% 400 +600 = 15800KI Able to explains her dally menu balanced diet PL: No/ The menu is note balanced diet - ‘Tidak! menu ttu bukan gisl yang xelmbang E1: The menu does not contain the seven classes of food in the appropriate ratio// The mena is highly rch in carbohydrates and fats//No ‘vegetables and lack of vitamins//Higher energy intake compared to energy requirement for a 15. Yang berpatutan.// Meru itu kaya dengan karbohidrat dan lemak.// Tada sayuran dan kekurangan vitamin.// Pengambilan tenaga lebih {tinggi daripada apa yang dipertukan oleh seorang budak perempuan berumar 15 tahun. Able to explain the consequences to her health, FI: Constipation // Sembelit EA: Her menu lacks fibre/ roughage so her faeoes moves too slowly through her colon. ‘Menu remoja itu kekwrangan fiber /serat, oleh itu tinjanya bergerak dengan perlahan melalui kolonnya, 2: Seurvy // shart 2: Lack of vitamin C // any other vitamin deficiency with explanation Kekurangan vitamin C/ sebarang penyckit kekurangan vitamin yang lain dengan penerangan 3: Obesity /obesiti E3: High intake of roast chicken/ grilled mutton/ chocolate/ chips increases the amount of fas stored in the body Memakan gyam panggang/ kambing panggang/ coklat/ kentang ‘meningkatean amaun lemak yang tersimpan dalam badan, Fé: Diabetes mellitus / Diabetes mellitus BS: Arteriosclerosis / Artherosclerosis Arteriosklerosis / Artherosklerasis : Roasted chicken/ gritled rmutton/ chips contains cholesterol which is deposited in the (lumen of) blood vessels arteries. Ayam panggang / kambing panggang/ coklat/ kentang yang mengandungi kolesterol terkanpul pada (luten) ater salur darah ES: ‘kelas makanan dalam kadar(0) @) Semasatindakbalas cahaya, Horofil menyerap tenaga cahaya untuk ‘menghasilakan ATP/ electron, 3: Photolysis of water préduces hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions, Fotolsis air menghasiltan ion hidrogen dan ton hidrokstl ‘P4: The hydrogen ions (H') combine with electrons to form hydrogen atoms. om hdrogen (3) bergabung dengan electron untuk membentuk atom PS: The hydrogen atoms/ ATP will be used in the dark reaction, Atom hidrogen! ATP akan digunakan dalana tindok balas gelap ‘P6: The dark reaction takes place in the absence of light. ‘Tndakbalas gelap berlaku taxpa cahaya 7: It occurs in the stroma, Ja berlaku dalam stroma 'P8: Carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen to form glucose and water, ‘Karbon dioksida bergabung dengan hidrogen untuk membentuk dan air. ghitosa 'P9: Glucose undergoes condensation and is converted to starch for storage in the leaf, Glukosa melalul kondensast dan ditukar kepada kanji watuk distmpam pada dawn, P10: Glucose may also be transformed into sucrose to be transported to ‘other parts of the plant, Glukosa boleh ditukar juga kepada sukrosa wituk diangaut ke bahagion lain tumbuhan (any 8 P) /(mana-mana 8) Able to describe how a carbohydrate molecule stored in a leaf ofa Plant can become a starch molecule stored in the root, P11: Starch stored in a leaf is converted to sucrose. Kanji disimpan dalam dawn ditukar kepada sukrosa P12: Sucrose is then transported by phloem tissues (sieve tubes) to the roots. Sulrosa dianghat ke tisufloem (itub penapts) ke akar P13: In the roots, sucrose is converted to starch molecule to be stored, Dalam akar, ker ditukar ke molekul kanji untuk disimpan, _(any 2P) /(manasmana 2P) : Any 6 48) 1 1 (ani-mana 6 +8) Able to describe how a molecileof carbon dioxide in the air and water” absorbed from the roots becomes part of a carbohydrate molecule stored in leaf of a plant, . Pi: Light feaction occurs in the grana. 8X1 2X1 20 Page 44FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 / Pengawetan makanan melibatkan kaedah penyediaan untuk memanjangkan tempoh hayat dan mengelakkan pembaziran makanan. Food preservation involves methods of preparing food to extend the lifespan and to avoid wastage of food. , (@) Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, terangkan kepentingan memproses makanan. Based on the above statement, explain the necessity for food processing. *[10 markah] [0 marks] Rajah 8 Diagram 8 ; () Rajah 8 menunjukkan beberapa kaedah pengawetan yang digunakan dalam pemprosesan makanan, Jelaskan bagnimana kaedah itu boleh mengawet makanan untuk satu jangka masa yang panjang. Diagram 8 shows several methods of food preservation that being used in food Processing. Describe how the method can preserve food for a long period of time. [10 markab [20 marks} ——— Page 45FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 8(a) | Terangkan keperluan pemprosesan makanan, Contoh jawapan F1 Untuk menghalang kerosakan makanan 1 El ~dengan membunuh mikroorganisma dalam makanan 1 2 — menjadikan makanan taban lama 1 F2~—Menghalang pengoksidaan makanan dengan udara 1 El —oksigen bertindakbalas dengan enzim/bahan kimia 1 yang dihasilkan oleh seV makanan ‘E2—menghilangkan rupa asal makanan 1 F3~ meningkatkan nilai komersial 1 1 — bahan pengawet/ pewamna/ perisa ditambah untuk 1 ‘menambah rasa makanan/mengawet bahan makanan Imemberi warma See Attps///wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 46FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 NO | KRITERIA PEMARKAHAN MARKAL | JUMLAH 4 - meningkatkan Kepelbagaian penggunaan bahan T ‘makanan El ~mempelbagaikan produk makanan 1 E2—menghasilkan produk makanan baru 1 10MAX (@) | Jelaskan bagaimana kaedah itu boleh mengawet makanan untuk satu jangka masa yang panjang. Contoh jawapan Pempasteuran = Susu dipanaskan pada suhu 630C selama 30 1 minit//720C selama 15 saat = Penyejukan segera dibawah subu 10 oC * Membunuh bacteria tetapi tidak memusnahkan spora + Mengekalkan nutrient/rasa/vitamin B susu = Disimpan di dalam peti sejuk untuk mencegah ‘keaktifan bacteria Pengetinan "= Menggunakan haba pensterilan | Membunuh mikroorganisma dan spora = Dipanaskan menggunakan stim di bawah tekanan dan suhu tinggi * Dibungkus di dalam bungkusan kedap udara 1 ‘© Mencegah pertumbuhan mikroorganisma 1 Penyejukan 1 * Disimpan pada suit bawah 4 oC 1 * Menghalang pertumbuhan 1 mikroorganisma/percambahan spora 10MAX JUMLAH 20FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2012 senate 6 Diagram 6.1 shows the movement of water and carbon dioxide in plant. Rajoh 6.1 menunjukkon pergerakan air dan karbon dloksida dalam tumbuhani. (a) Based of the structure above, explain the adaptation of the leaf to carry out photosynthesis efficiently i 120 marks} Berdasarkan struktur di atas, terongkan penyesuaian pada daun untuk menjalankan proses fotasintesis dengan cekap. {10 markah} (b) Diagram 6. 2 shows a method of plant cultivation without use of soil . Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu kaedah penanaman tanpa menggunakan tanah. ST ‘Aitps;//wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 48KEDAH 2012 FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 (o Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2 Describe the method used, [4 marks) Terangkan kaedoh yang digunakan. , ¢ (4 markah] Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are organisms which carry the genetic information or beneficial genes from other organisms. Nowadays, the crops such as wheat, soya bean, paddy and tomatoes are widely to be cultivated commercially as genetically modified plant. Organisma yang diubahsual secara genetik (GMO) adalah satu organisma yong membawa maklumat genetik atau gen manfaat daripado organisma lain. odo masa sekarang, tanaman seperti gandum, kacang soya, padi dan tomato secara mefuas ditanam sebagai tumbuhan yang diubahsuai secara genetik, Based onthe information above, cscs the advantages and the esadvantages of producing genetically modified organisms in food producti 16 marks] Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, bincangkan kebaikan don keburukan menghasilkan ‘makanan. organisma yong terubahsual kandungen genetiknya dalam penghaslian [6 markah} Page 49 https;//wickedbiology. wordpress.comKEDAH 2012 FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. ‘Skema Soalan Essei Biologi 2012 QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA SUB | TOTAL No MARKS | MARKS 6(2) | P1_ | Epidermis with layer of cuticle/ coated with a wax Y P2_ | Prevent excess transpiration/loss of water 1 OR P1_ | // Epidermis are transparent 1 P2_| Allow light easily penetrate the leaf (and reach the chloroplast) | 1 | 2m P3__| Stomais flanked by (two) guard cells 1 4 | which regulate the size of the stoma. 1 P5 | Stoma allow the exchange of gases/ carbon dioxide from atmosphere diffuse into the leaf/ water vapour /oxygen diffuses | out of the alr. 6 | Palisade mesophyll cells are packed tightly 1 P7_| to receive maximum amount of sunlight i pg _| contains high density of chloroplasts 1 p9__| Spongy mesophyll cells are irregular shape/ loosely arranged 1 P10 | Increase the internal surface area for gaseous exchange/ 1 to form alot of air spaces /Allow easy diffusion of water and 1 carbon dioxide Piz ‘| Vascular bundle/veins contains xylem and floem 1 iz | Xylem transport water/mineralssalt// give mechanicals support | P13 | Floem transport organic products of photosynthesis /glucose (away from the leaf ) fony 8] em Total marks 10m ——aio rT m1 Page 50FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2012 QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA SUB | TOTAL NO MARKS | MARKS 6{b) | P2 [Hydroponic ( Name of the technique) 1 2 |grow plants in culture solutions a P3__ | the root of the plants are immersed in solution 1 4 |which contains all the macronutrient and micronutrient in a |the correct proportion ps _|the culture solution is aerated 1 p¢ | to Provide suffient oxygen for respiration [any4P]}| [4m Advantages : 6(c) | P1_ | Used to produce disease resistant/pest resistant plants 1 P2__ | Less pesticides are used 1 3. | Less pollution to the environment // better health for consumers. | + 4 | Increase yield of crops / profitability a PS. | Help to solve problems of insufficient food 1 P6 | Increase resistance in plant to herbicide eg. soya bean 1 plantation ' P7_| Higher vitamin A / beta carotene content in rice / tomato /accept 1 suitable example of crops. pg_ | Help to solve problems of malnutrition. a pg | Produce crop with longer shelf lifes 1 pio | Prevent food wastage {any 4] a |4m Disadvantages p11 | Pest resistant genes may be transferred to weeds cause difficult | 3 ‘to control growth of weeds. 1 P12 | Some genetic modified crops may have animal genes 1 P13 | Genetic modified organisms may affect the survival of other organisms in the ecosystem. P14 | Cause the imbalance of nature / ecosystem x 2 fany 2°) ™ Total marks 10m ——— Page 51 “tps:/Wickedbiology. wordpress.comFORM 4: CHAPTER 6 (a) (b) KEDAH 2013 Photosynthesis occurs in two stages which are the light reaction and dark reactign. Describe the differences between the light reaction and dark reaction. Fotosintesis berlaku dalam dua peringkat tindak bolas cahaya dan tindak balas gelap. Huraikan perbezaan antara tindak balas cahaya dan tindak balas gelap. [4 marks/ markah] In countries with four seasons, plants are grown in greenhouses. Diagram 8.1 shows plants grown in a greenhouse. Dalam negara empat musim, tanaman ditonam di dalam rumah kaca, Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan tonaman yang ditanam dalam rumah hijau iagram / Rajah 8.1 Based on the statement, explain how this method enable the continuous produétion of crops throughout the year. Berdasarkan pernyataan ini, terangkan bagaimana kaedah ini membolehkan pengeluaran +hasil tanaman yang berterusan sepanjang tahun. [6 marks/ markah] Attps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 52FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2013 {e) Diagram 8.2 shows a few examples of processed food. Rojah 8.2 menunjukkan beberapa contoh makanan diproses. ate) Diagram / Rajah 8.2 Discuss the good effects and bad effects of processed food in our dally ie. ‘Bincangkan keson-kesan boik dan buruk makanan diproses dolam kehidupan harian kita. [201 imatks/ ‘markah] ‘hutps//wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 53FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2013 38] TOTAL aay MARKING CRITERIA | tos fe] ‘reaction Dark reaction Di. Occurs in granum ‘Occurs in stroma D2. Requires light Does not require light ‘D3. Involves photolysis of Involves reduction/ fixation of water, carbon dioxide. D4. Materials required is Materials required is carbon water/ chlorophylt dioxide/ hydrogen atoms/ ATP DS. Produces oxygen and | Produces glucose aja water Any 4 pairs: (6) | F: In temperate countries, light intensity/ temperature changes 1 ‘throughout the year. Pi: During winter, temperature is very low. 1 Anttps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 54M4: CHAPTER 6 KEDAH 2: During autumn, the plants shed their leaves // light intensity // temperature is low 3: Rate of photosynthesis s very low 4: During spring and summer, the light intensity/ temperature are optimum for photosynthesis. 5: So the rate of photosynthesis is maximum highest 6: In the greenhouse, light intensity/ concentration of carbon dioxide/ temperature can be controlled/maintained at optimum level P7 : Plant can carry out photosynthesis throughout the year, 8: at maximum rate (regardless of changes in light intensity or temperature). 9: The plants are able to increase yields/ increase the crops production throughout the years. Any 6 (cd ‘Good effect: By producing processed food G1: Food can be preserved/ kept longer. 2: to prevent food poisoning/ wasting of food. G3: Crops can be planted/ tivestock/ poultry can be reared in big scale. G4: to prevent food shortage. G5: (Food are packaged) to increase the commercial value/ easier to be transported. G6: More types/ varieties of food can be produced. Bad effect: By regular consuming of processed food £81: Loss a lot of nutrition value (under high temperature during the process). 2: (Contain) preservative/ colouring/ dye/ flavour which is carcinogenic. 3: ead to mutation/ cancer/ health problem/ suitable example. BA: Contain excessive salt/ sugar. BS: lead to high blood pressure/ diabetes/ obesity. Any 10 wee ne Max 10 Total Aitps:/{wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 55FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 PERAK 2012 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows the structure of chloroplast. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan struktur Kloroplas. 2 Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 Based on Diagram 6.1, describe the structure of chloroplast. + (2 marks] Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, huraikan struktur kloroplas. [2 markah] (b) Diagram 6,2 shows a process that occurs in @ leaf. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu proses yang berlaku di dalam daun, Describe the process that occurs in the leaves as shown in Diagram 6.2. [8 marks] Huraikan proses yang berlaku di daun seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah 6.2 [8 markah] (©) Explain the leaf adaptations to optimise the process shown in Diagram 6,2. (10 marks} Terangkan penyesuaian pada daun untuk mengoptimumkan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.2. [10 markah} EEG hitps:/fwickedbiology.wordpress:com a Page 56FORM. \PTER 6 PERAK 2012 ‘Question “Answer ‘Submar | Total Neo. Marks 6a PI Bounded by double layer of membrane 2 P2 Fill with stroma (the jelly like matrix) P3 Contain grana (ie stacks of membranous structure) P4 Grana contain chlorophyll bi) F Photosynthesis P1 Consist of 2 stages ie light reaction & dark reaction 2. Light reaction occur in grana P3_ Chlorophyll captures/trap light energy to excite electron to higher level P4_ Energy released by the excited electron is used to form ATP PS. Light energy split the water molecules into hydroxy! ion and hydrogen ion // photolysis of water P6 Hydrogen ion combines with electron (released by chlorophyll) to form hydrogen atom P7 Hydroxyl group combine each other to form water and oxygen P8 Dark reaction occur in stroma P9 Hydrogen atom uses ATP to fix/reduce carbon dioxide to form glucose and water P10 Six unit of glucose combines to form one molecule of glucose P11 Glucose condenses to produce starch 6c F1 Leaves consist of flat, thin lamina, hold by petiole El To increase TSA to receive maximum amount of sunlight F2 Lamina is thin E2 Allow gases exchange to occur efficiently F3 Have leaves vein // have xylem and phloem E3 Allow transport of water and organie substances // xylem transports water from root to the shoot// phloem transports organic substances from leaves to all part of| plants 10 Page 57FORM IAPTER 6 PERAK 2012 F4 Upper epidermal layer is transparent / water proof layer of cuticle E4 Allow penetration of sunlight // prevent excessive loss of water F5 Palisade mesophyll tissue contain more chloroplast // arrange pack tightly together & upright ; ES Trap more sunlight for photosynthesis // more palisade cells can be placed to carry photosynthesis efficiently F6 Spongy mesophyll cell has irregular shape // loosely arrange to form air spaces 6 Increase TSA for gases exchange // maximise the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide F7 Presence of stomata atthe lower epidermis E7 Allowing gases exchange between the intemal part of leaf and the environment Page 58FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. KELANTAN 2014 6. Green plants are autotrophic which is synthesizes their own food through the process of photosynthesis by using light. Diagram 6 shows the schematic diagram summarising some reaction in the process of photosynthesis, Tumbuhan hijau adalah autotrofk dimana boleh mensintesis makanan sendiri ‘melalui proses fotosintesis menggunakan cahaya. Rajah 6 menunjukkan rajah skema ringkasan suatu tindekbalas dalam proses fotosintesis. d ‘Water + oxygen Hidroxy! ion Oksigen + air ion hidroksil (< Tenaga oe Reaction X a Water molecule __, Hydrogen ion + Hydroxy] ion Tindalbalas X Molekul air Fidroksil ion + Hidrogen ion Chlorophyll molecule + Electron ae Elektron Stored starch PEP" Glucose + water, _ (co Carbon dioxide Kang Glukosa + air Karbon dioksida Diagram 6 / Rajah 6 aa hitps:/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 59FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KELANTAN 2014 (@ () By using a raw materials, water and carbon dioxide, describe reaction X and reaction Y until the starch is produced. Dengan menggunakan bahan mentah air dan karbon dioksida, terangkan tindakbalas X dan tindakbalas Y sehingga kanji dihasiikan. [10 markah ] Diagram 6,1 shows the plants are grown in greenhouses in countries with four seasons. Rejah 6.1 menunjukkan tanaman ditanam di dalam rumah kaca dalam negara dengan empat musim. Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1 Based on the diagram, explain why this method is carried out to ensure production of crops throughout the year. Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan mengapa kaedah ini dijalankan untuk memastikan pengeluaran hasil tanaman beriaku sepanjang tahun. [6 markah] et ‘hitps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 60FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KELANTAN 2014 (c) Diagram 6.2 show the activities that cause the air pollution Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan aktivitraltiviti yang menyebebkan pencemaran Diagram 6.2/ Rajah 6.2 Explain how air pollution may have an effect on photosynthesis Terangkan bagaimana pencemaran udara memberi kesan ke atas fotosintesis [4 markah } ‘hitps:/jnickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 61FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 KELANTAN 2014 TOTAL 12m (@) | Boleh menerangken tindakbales X den tindekbalas Y sehingga kanji dinesiken > 1. Klorofil menyerap tenaga cahaya menyebabkan Klorofil| 1 teruja 2. Dalam keadaan teryja electron boleh meninggalkan | 1 molekul Klorofll 3. Tenaga cahaya juga digunakan untuk memecahkan | 1 ‘molekul air kepada ion hidrogen dan ion hidroksil melalui preses fotolisis air 4, jon hydrogen borgabung dengan electron yang | 1 dibebaskan oleh klorofil untu membentuk atom hydrogen manokala ion hidroksil kehilangan electron dan | 4 didermakan kepada Kiorofll untuk membentuk kumpulan hidroksil Kumpulan hidroksil akan bergabung sesama sendiri untuk | 1 ‘membentuk air dan gas oksigen Tindakbalas X dikenall tindakbalas cahaya 1 | Max 6m o Tidak memeriukan cahaya 1 ‘Atom hidrogen dari tindakbales cahaya digunakan untuk | 4 ‘mengikat karbon dioksida 40.Menyebabkan penurunan karbon dioksida kepada) 1 ‘glukosa beriaku 11. Glukosa yang terhasil kemudian dikondensasikan untuk | 1 membentuk kanji serta merta 12, Tindakbalas Y dikenali tindakbalas gelap 1 | Maxam TOTAL 10 (b) | Bole menerangkan mengepa kaedeh tanaman rumah hijau dijalankan untuk memastikan pengeluaran hasi! tanaman berfaku sepanjang tahun. : 4. Di negara 4 musim, keamatan cahaya/suhu berubah | 1 sepanjang tahun oe 1 ® Page 62FORM 4 : CHAPTER 6 KELANTAN 2014 Pada musim sejuk, suhu adalah sangat rendah Pada musim luruh, daun tumbuhan gugur /! keamatan ‘cahaya/suhu adalah rendah ‘Kedar fotosintesis adalah sangat rendah Pada musi bunga dan musim panas, keamatan cahayalkepekatan karbon dioksida/suhu kekal pada tahap optimum untuk fotosintesis. 6. Jadi kadar fotosintesis adalah meksimum/paling tinggi pada masa ini 7. Dalam rumah kaca, keamatan cahayalkepekatan karbon dioksida/suhu dikekalkan pada tahap optimum sepanjang tahun 8. Menyebabkan kadar fotosintesis dikekalkan pada tahap maksimum sepanjang tahun 9. Tumbuhan — berupaya ——_meningkatkan hail tanaman/keluaran sepanjang tahun rs TOTAL © Boleh menérangkan bagaimana pencemaran udara memberi kesan ke atas fotosintesis : 4. Pencemaran udara deripada kilang’kenderaan/pembakaran membebaskan asap/jerebu tebal 2. Asap/iorebu yang tebal menyebabkan keamatan cahaya yang diterima oleh tumbuhan kurang // kurang keamatan ‘cahaya diserap oleh Klorofil Pencemaran udara daripada aktiviti kuarljpembakaran membebaskan debu yang banyak Debu melekat pada permukaan daun menyebabkan keamatan cahaya kurang diserap oleh klorofiltumbuhan Debu juga menutup bukaan liang stoma tumbuhan Menyebabkan kadar fotosintesis rendahvkurang Ps = 8 4 | Max 4m. TOTAL JUMLAHhepatic vein vena hepar gall bladder pindi hempedu confer hepatic portal vein vena portal hepar eee Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 (@) Organ Y plays an important role in digestive system. Explain the relationship between organ X and organ Y in digestion of lipid. Organ Y memainkan peranan yang penting dalam sistem pencernaan. Terangkan hubungan antara organ X dan organ Y dalam pencernaan lipid. {4 marks] [4 markah] | https://wickedbiology.wordpréss.comIeposn (b) Digested nutrients such as glucose and amino acid will be absorbed by | Parertie ileum and transported to organ Y. In organ Y, nutrients are used to form complex compounds or structural components. By using examples, describe the process that take place in organ Y. ‘Makanan tercerna seperti glukosa dan asid amino akan diserap oleh ileum dan sebahagiannya akan diangkut ke organ Y. Di organ Y, nutrient tersebut digunakan dalam pembentukan sebatian kompleks atau komponen struktur sel. Dengan menggunakan contoh, huraikan proses yang berlaku di organ y. [6 marks} [6 markahj (©) Explain what will happen if organ X is removed. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku jtka organ X dikeluarkan, [4 marks] [4 markah] (@) Diagram 6.2 below shows the stomach of a herbivorous animal. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan perut haiwan herbivor. Based on above diagram, describe the digestion of cellulose in the herbivorous animal. Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan pencernaan selulosa di dalam haiwan herbivor tersebut. {6 marks] [6 markah] itps,//wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 65!FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. PAHANG 2014 BAHAGIAN B ‘No ‘Skema ‘Markab_ 6a |Boleh menerangkan bubungan antara organ X dan organ Y dalam pencernaan lipid Contoh jawapan Pl —organ ¥ ialah hati P2—hati / organ Y mensintesis / menghasilkan hempedu P3—(hempedu) mengemulsi lipid kepada ttisan yang kecil P4—organ X ialah pankreas P5—pankreas / organ X merembes lipase 6 — (lipase) menghidrolisis / mencems lipid kepada asid lemak dan gliserol 4 ‘Mana-mana empat b | Boleh menerangkan proses yang berlaku di organ Y Contoh jawapan PI — Assimilasi P2~ glukosa digunakan sebagai substrat utama respirasi / membebaskan tenaga P3— glukosa yang berlcbihan ditukarkan kepada glikogen dan disimpan di dalam haati/ organ Y ‘P4— glukosa yang masih berlebiban ditukarkan kepada lipid P5 — bila aras glukosa dalam darah berkurangan berbanding aras normal, ¢glikogen ditukarkan semula kepada glukosa P6—asid amino diangkut ke sel-sel P7—untuk sintesis protein P8 — protein tersebut untuk pembentukan protoplasma baru / pertumbuban / penggantian tisu rosak P9- asid amino juga terlibat dalam pembentukan enzim / hormon / hemoglobin P10—asid amino mengalami deaminasi untuk membentuk urea P11 —dikumuhkan dalam urin / air keneing Mana-mana enam 6 cc | Dapat menerangkan kemungkinan yang berlaku jika organ X dikueluarkan Contob jawapan PI —aras glukosa darah tidak boleh dikawalatur // glukosa meningkat/menurun ‘P2.— kerana insulin/glukagon tidak dirembeskan 3 — pencemaan kanji kepada maltosa tidak berlakw/amilase pancreas tidak dirembeskan P4 — pencemaan potipeptida kepada peptida tidak berlakn // tripsin tidak dirembeskan 5 — (ttisan) lipid tidak dicemnakan kepada asid lemak dan gliserol // lipase tidak dirembeskan Mana-manaempat| 4 Aitps://mickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 66FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 TERENGGANY 2014 6. Diagram 6.1 shows the digestive system and organs associated with digestion. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan dan orgar-organ berkaitan pencernaan. a) Based on Diagram 6.1, Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, (@ Name the organs that are involved in the processing of food P jamakan organ-organ yang terlibat dalam memproses makanan P {3 marks] ii) Explain the processes which occur to the food P until it can be used by body cells. Terangkan proses-proses yang berlaku kepada makanan P sehingga boleh digunakan oleh sel-sel badan. (7 marks] neice hutps//wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 67” FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. ‘TERENGGANU 2014 b) Organ R acts as a checkpoint which controls the amount of ‘nutrients released into the blood circulatory system Organ R merupakan pusat kawalan yang mengawal kuantiti ‘mutrien yang masuk ke dalam sistem peredaran darah Based on the above statement, explain the role of organ R in assimilation of rmutrients in foods P. Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, terangkan peranan organ R dalam asimilasi rutrien dalam makanan P. [5 marks] Diagram 6.2 shows a gastric bypass surgery is used to treat severe obesity Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu pembedahan pintasan gasirik yang digunakan wituk rmerawat kes obesiti yang teruk. °) Before surgery After surgesy Effect after surgery Sebelum pembedahan Selepas penbedahan Kesan selepas pembedahan Stomach Perut ‘Stomach become too small Perut menjadi sangat kecil ‘Smaller stomach connected to the middle parts of the intestine Diagram 62 Rajah 6.2 Explain how the above operation can reduce excessive weight problems, Terangkan bagaimana pembedahan di atas dapat mengurangkan masalah berat badan yang berlebihan. [5 marks] — ttps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 68MARK SCHEME Sey) ‘Able to name the organs that are involved in the processing af food P correctly. Answer: Mouth / Oral cavity : Duodenum eum / Small intestine 6¢ayKii) ‘Able 10 explain the processes which occur to the food P until it can be used by body cells. Sample answer: Pi Food P rich in starch P2 (in oral cavity) saliva contains enzyme salivary amylase P3_ Tohydrolysis starch to maltose // Salivary amylase Starch + (Wate}——> Maaltose P4 —Duodenmm receive pancreatic amylase from pancreas P6 Pancreatic amylase completes the digestion of starch to maltose // Panereatic amylase Starch + (Water) > Maltose P7 (in ileum) intestinal juice contains maltase (erepsin, sucrase, lactase) ) P8 (Maltase) hydrolysis maltose to glucose // Maltase Maltose + Water ——————> Glucose P9 Glucose diffuse into the epithelial cells and absorbed into the capillaries (villus) P10. Copillaries drain glucose into hepatic portal vein, which leads to the liver P11 Glucose is distributed throughout the body by the circulatory system P12 (When the glucose molecules reach the cells) glucose are oxidised to release energy (during cellular respiration) Aitps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com "Page 69FORM 4: CHAPTER 6 4 TERENGGANU 2014 7 6b) ‘Able to explain the rale of organ R in assimilation of nutrients in foods P. Answer: F _(Attthe end of the digestive process) Food P are hydrolysed / digested into glucose (at ileum) Pl Excess glucose is converted into glycogen P2 stored in the fiver 3. (When the blood sugar level falls) the stored glycogen is converted back to glucose PA (When the glycogen stored in the liver is full) excess glucose is, converted into lipid (by liver) 6) Able to explain how the gastric Bypass surgery can reduce excessive weight problems Sample answers: F: (Due to the stomach becomes too small) the patient has less appetite Pl: reduce food intake 2: reducing the absorption of nutrients (from digested food) 3: causing the system in body takes energy from fat (in the body as a substitute for food that is often taken) 4; leading to weight loss TOTAL MARKS Page 70FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. SBP 2013 co y 8 (@) (i) Exythrocyte is the cellular component of blood Explain two adaptive characteristic for efficient transport in human. Enitrosit adalah komponen sel dalam darah, Terangkan dua ciri penyesuaian untuk kecekapan pengangkatan pada manusia. [4 marks] [4 mariah (®) (ii) A blood test shows that a man’s erythrocycte count is below normal. Explain the possible consequences of this condition on his health. State the type of food should he include in his diet to improve this condition. ‘Suatu ujian darah menunjukkan bahawa bilangan erttrosit darah seorang lélaki adalah kurang daripada biasa. Terangkan kesan-kesan yang mungkin berlaku atas kesihatannya akibat daripada keadaan ini. ; ‘Nyatakan jenis makanan yang pert diambil untuk pulih daripada keadaan int. © Diagram 8 shows three billboards of campaign to educate people avoid cardiovascular disease. Rajah 8 memunjukkan tiga papan iklan kempen untuk mendidik orang ramai mengelakkan penyakit kardiovaskular. NO® 8428 — hitps,/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 71.FORM 4: CHAPTER 6. SBP 2013 Based on Diagram 8, discuss how these campaign can eduate people to avoid cardiovascular disease ‘Berdasarkan Rajah 8 bincangkan bagaimana kempen tersebut dapat mendidik orang ramai mengelakkan penyakit kardiovaskular. [10 marks} [0 markah] hutps,/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 72CHAPTER 6. Question 8 BP 201: ‘No Mark Scheme ‘Sub’ Total 8Ea)Gi) ‘Able to explain two adaptive characteristic for efficient transport in human ‘Sample answer FI: Biconcave dise //thinner at the centre than at its edges 1: to increase total surface area 2: for efficient gaseous exchange ¥2: Nonucleus P3 : to contain more heamoglobin 4 : to bind with oxygen/carbon dioxide/respiratory gases/to form oxyhaemoglobin/cerbaminohaemoglobin F3 Elastic membrane PS : Can squeeze into (tiniest) capillaries Any four Max 4 om ‘Able to explain the possible consequences of this condition on the health and state the type of food he should take F: Anaemia 1 : Less red blood cells/erythrocyte / haemoglobin to combine with oxygen P2 : to form oxyhaemoglobin P3 : less oxygen is transported to body tissues 4 : for cellular respiration PS : less energy is produced 6 : resulting in tiredness / breathlessness / weakness / fatigue 7: pale looking appearance Any4 Type of food 8 : Food rich in iron / ferum 9: cockles /liver/ spinach / folic acid // any suitable example Max 6 (442) Page 73) ‘Abie to discuss about the statement. ‘Sample answer F : People should consume balanced diet, not smoking and practice healthy lifestyle Balance diet BI: Balance intake of fats / lipids / carbohydrate / sugar / cholesterol // follow the food guide pyramid B2: Avoid the accumulation / deposition of cholesterol in the Jumen of blood vessel / avoid obesity B3: Maintain blood flow / circulation Bé: Prevent artherosclerosis / stroke / thrombosis / embolism BS: Correct amount intake of sat in diet BG: Avoid raises the blood osmotic pressure / increase the blood pressure / hypertension B7 : Prevent heart attack/ cardiac arrest / myocardial infarction ‘Smoking C1: No nicotine , blood vesse! not constrict // not addicted C2: Normal / maintain blood pressure C3: Prevent accumulation of plaque C4: Prevent thrombosis / artherosclerosis / arteriosclerosis C5: No smokes which contain carbon monoxide C6: No competition to bind with hemoglobin between carbon monoxide and oxygen C7: Prevent inefficiency of transporting of oxygen // transporting of oxygen is efficient. C8: Prevent difficulty in breathing / fatigue / stroke / chest pain / angina C9: Prevent heart attack / cardiac arrest / myocardial infarction, Practicing unhealthy lifestyle LI: Good of exercise / physical exercise // no sedentary lifestyle 2: Prevent obesity // excess fat can be burnt 13: Avoid stress / high blood pressure 1A: Avoid heart attack / cardiac arrest / myocardial infaretion. Any 10 BY. C9, LA : give mark once Atleast 1B, 1C,1L Max 10 10 TOTAL, 20 —<— ‘ttps//yrickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 74FORM 4: CHAPTER 7 SBP 2013 Diagram 6.1 shows two individuals, X and Y, in two different situations. Rajah 6.1 menunjukan dua individu, X dan ¥ dalam situasi yang berbeza. Individu : X Activity : 100 meter sprint Energy produced : 2 ATP per mole glucose Individu : ¥ Activity : walking Energy produced : 38 ATP per mole glucose Individu : X Individw : ¥ Akiviti: lari pecut 100 meter Aktiviti: Berjatan Tenaga dihasilkan : Tenaga dihasilkan : 2ATP per mol glukosa 38 ATP per mol glukosa Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 eS z Page 75@® @ Gi) ) Based on information given in Diagram 6.1, explain the cellular respiration process that occurs in individual X and Y. Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi dalam Rajah 6.1,terangkan proses respirasi ‘sel yang beriaku dalam individu X dan Y. [6 marks] {6 markah] After completed the event, individual X experienced painful due to leg muscle He then carries out the following actions © Wears a track suit © Takes a few long deep breath © Walks freely as a ‘cooling down’ activity. Explain why the individual X carries out these action. Selepas menghabishan acaratersebut, individu X menglamt hesaitan Kerana oot kakinya lesu.Dia kemudian melakuskan tindakan berikut ‘© Memakai sut trek ¢ Menghela nafas panjang dan dalam jalan secara bebas sebagai activii penyejuk badan Berjalan-je Teranghan mengaps dia melakutam ndakan ters [6 marks} [6 markah] Diagram 6.2. shows parts of respiratory system in human and fish. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan bahogian-bahagian dalam sistem respirasi manusia dan ikan, Alveolus ——— ‘hutps//wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 76FORM 4: CHAPTER 7. ‘SBP 201: Human and fish respiratory systems are adapted to function in their respective habitats. Explain the similarities and differences of both systems. ‘Sistem respirasi manusia dan ikan disesuaikan untuk berfungsi di dalam habitat ‘masing- masing. Terangkan persamaan dan perbezaan kedua-dua sistem tersebu [8 marks] [8 markah] ee ttps:/wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 77FORM 4: CHAPTER 7. ‘SBP 2013 SECTION B Question 6 Wo Mark Scheme Sub] Total total 6a) _| Abie to explain the cellular respiration process that occurs | Max 6 @ in individual X and Y correctly. mre FI: Anaerobic respiration / not required oxygen PI : Occur in eytoplasm 2: The glucose is partally/ not completely oxidised / broken P3: releases less energy / 150 kJ of energy (per mole of glucose) 4: produce lactic acid idual Y ‘Aerobic respiration / required oxygen occurs in mitochondria (and cytoplasm) The glucose is completely oxidised / broken down releases much energy /2898 KI of energy (per mole of glucose) P8; produce carbon dioxide and water * Reject ATP Any six Page 78(APTER 7 SBP 2013 i) ‘Able to explain why the individual X carries out the action, ‘Sample answer Wears a track suit : F: To prevent lose of heat PI : Heat that traps by the track suit is used to maintain the body temperature P2 : Less oxygen is used to produce heat and the oxygen can be used to oxidise lactic acid ‘Takes a few long deep breaths F: fo obtain more oxygen 3 : to pay the oxygen debt 4: Oxygen is used to breakdown lactic acid freely as a “cooli ” : F: To maintain the blood circulation rate (to transport the lactic acid to the liver) PS : To ensure that oxygen is supplied continuously to the muscle cells Any six involve all actions Max 6 () ‘Able to explain the similarities and differences of both system. Similarities : F1: Both have (large) surface area for gaseous exchange 1: Human has alveolus and fish has filaments/lamellae F2: Both have surface that increase the diffusion rate of gases P2:: The wall of alveoli in human very thin / only 1 cell thick 1 The membrane of filaments/lamellae in fish very thin / only 1 cell thick F3: Both respiratory organs have blood capillaries network P3:: To transport the respiratory gases rapidly /faster/ efficiently F4: Both have moist surface for gaseous exchange 4 : to dissolve more respiratory gases Max Page 79_ FORM 4: CHAPTER 7 SBP 2013 FS: Both use muscles to change the pressure in the thoracie cavity 1 5: Human has diaphragm muscle and intercostals muscles Fish has muscles at mouth and operculum 6 : Both have circulatory system fo transport oxygen to body tissues in blood vessels 1 6: Human and fish have closed circulatory systems ‘Human (has) Fish (has) ‘Explanation ®) ¥7 | Cartilage rings | But | the water P7 To ensure at trachea flow prevents | the continuous 11 prevent the the grills and sufficient trachea from from being | oxygen supply being collapse stick together (im) (im) F8 | Gaseous ‘But | Gaseous ‘P8 Position of exchange exchange —_| the organ to ‘surface in surface is ensure that the 11 alveoli are constantly ‘gaseous: always moist moist by ‘exchange water ‘surfaces do not 1 Gascous dry up // any exchange explanation ‘surface in Ll alveoli do not (im) (im) 8 ‘expose tothe environment directly Any eight Atleast 1 point of similarity and I point of differences. ‘TOTAL. 20FORM 4 : CHAPTER 7 ae KEDAH 2014 (SET 1) 8 (@) Diagram 8(a) shows how a frog carry out inhalation and exhalation. Explain the processes. Rajah 8(a) menunjukkan bagaimana seekor katak menjalankan inspirasi dan ekspirasi Terangkan proses-proses yang beriaku. Nostell lubang hidung Inhalation Eaton —“ x ; ‘lly Ye a Diagram 8(a) Rajah 8(a) [6 marks } 16 markah j edbiology. wordpress.com Page 81FORM 4: CHAPTER 7 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1) 8 (b) Diagram 8(b) shows two athletes who have just completed the running, both of them suffer from muscle fatigue and lead to muscle pain. Athlete A choose to sit down to wait for the pain to disappear while Athlete B choose to walk slowly. Rajah 8(b) menunjukkan dua orang atlet yang baru tamat dari larian, kedua-duanya mengalami keletinan otot dan membawa kepada sakit otot. Atlet A memilih duduk dan rehat untuk menunggu keletihan itu hiang manakala atlet B memilih berjalan perlahan-lahan bagi menghilangkan keletihan ofot. Diagram 8 (b) Rajah 8 (b) Explain which athlete will recover faster from the muscle fatigue ? Terangkan atlet manakah akan terlebih dahulu pullh dari keletinan otot ? [8 marks } [8 markah] ‘itps:/frickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 82FORM 4 : CHAPTER 7 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1). 8 (¢) Diagram 8(c) shows the changes of atmospheric pressure with the altitude. Diagram 8(d) shows the equipments wore by a mountain climber. Rajah 8(c) menunjukkan perubahan tekanan atmosfera dengan altitude. Rajah 8(d) menunjukkan kelengkapan yang dipekai oleh seorang pendaki gunung Atmospheric Pressure vs. Altitude AtmeephatiePreesurd(APa) | | pol | Diagram a0 Rajah 8(c) Diagram 8(d) Rajah &(d) Explain why the mountain climber needs to wear such equipments? Terangkan kenapa pendaki gunung perlu memakai kelengkapan yang sedemikian ? [6 marks] [6 markah) ckedbiology.wordpress.com Page 83FORM 4: CHAPTER 7 EDAH 2014 (SET 1) No Marking Criterla Marks| Total Marks 8 | @ inhalation P1 : the frog lower the bottom level of the mouth and glottis close 2: increase the volume of buccal cavity / lower the pressure in the buccal cavity. 3: air is drawn in into the buccal cavity P4 : nostril closed, glottis opened and bottom level of mouth is ralsed. PS :Air is push into the lungs. Exhalation P6 : lung muscies contract P7 : glottis opened // air is forced Into the buccal cavity P8 : nostril opened, giottis closed and bottom of mouth is raised. | P9 : air is forced out from the buccal cavity Any 6 Ps se P14 : (During the running), more energy is needed : more oxygen is needed (to produce energy) + oxygen demand/supply is nat sufficient + anaerobic respiration occur / takes piace “lactic acid is produced : (accumulation of) acid lactic causes muscle pain P7 : (afer the running), lot oxygen is drawn in 8 : oxygen Is used to oxidized lactic acid (into energy, CO, and water) P9:: Athlete B will recover faster from muscle pain P10 : (By walking siowly), blood flow is more smooth P11 : more oxygen is transported by the blood stream to the muscle SeaRaR Any 8 Ps Page 84KEDAH. © P71: The mountain climber is carrying / wearing the oxygen supply equipments / respirator. P2: As the altitude increase, the atmospheric pressure decrease 3: the partial pressure / amount of oxygen decrease as well 4: low atmospheric pressure cause less air is drawn into the lungs. PS: The mountain climber facing lack of oxygen (in the body) P6 : Oxygen supply equipment / respirator supply enough ‘oxygen for the body P7 : (Italso) assists in maintaining the pressure of the lungs |. P8 : The mountain climber also wearing thick clothes P9 : As the altitude increase, the temperature decrease P10 : Thick clothes help the climber to maintain the body temperature. Any 6 Ps a jalogy.. 7 Page 85FORM 4: CHAPTER 7 SBP 2012 6 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows the surface view of lower epidermis in a leaf of a plant. Diagram 6.2 shows part of cross section of a woody stem, Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pandangan permukaam epidermis bawah deun tumibuhan. Rajah 6.2. memunjukkan sebahagian keratan rentas batang berkayu. Epidermal cell Sel epidermis Guard cell Sel pengawal Broken epidermis Epidermis pecah Cork tissue Tisu gabus Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2 Explain the gas uptake for respiration through pores M and N in the plant. Teranghan pengambilan gas untuk respirasi melalui Hiang M dan liang N pada tumbuhan, [6 marks] [6 markah} hatps,//wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 86: FORM 4: CHAPTER 7 SBP 2012 (b) Diagram 6.3 shows a rice plants in a paddy field. Rajah 6.2 memayjukkan pokok padi yang hidup di sawah padi. Explain the respiration that occurs in the root cells. [6 marks] Terangkan respirasi yang berlaku di dalam sel-sel akar. [6 markah} (©) Diagram 64 shows the changes in the volume of carbon dioxide absorbed or released by a plant in different light intensity. Rajah 6.4 memujukkan perubahan isipadu karbon dioksida yang diserap atau dibebaskan oleh satu tumbuhan dalam keamatan cahaya yang berbeza, Absorption of carbon dioxide Penyerapan karbon dioksida Release of carbon dioxide Pembebasan Karbon dioksida Increasing light intensity Peningkatan keamatan cahaya Diagram 6.4 Rajah 64 Explain the relationship between the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of respiration in the plant at points P, Q, R and S. Terangkan hubungan antara kadar fotosintesis dan kadar respirasi dalam tumbuhan itu pada titik-ttik P,Q, R dan S [8 marks] [8 markah] rr res ‘ttps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 87FORM 4: 2 CHAPTER 7. Question 6 SBP 2012 No. Criteria @ ‘Able to explain the gas uptake for respiration through pores M and N. Sample answer: ‘Through M. = (In day time) stoma / M (in the epidermis of the leaf) open = Oxygen from the atmosphere diffuses (through stoma) ® into intercellular air spaces + of spongy mesphyl (and palizade mesophyll) = follow the concentration gradi (Any 3) ‘Through N: = At the lenticels (N) * botiveen cork cells which are loosely arranged ® then diffuses into the cells at the stem /and old roots (Any 3) ) ‘Able to explain the respiration in the root cells of rice plant ‘Sample answer: = The plant carry out anaerobic respiration * glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to release energy ® produces ethanol, CO2 (and energy) * ‘cells in the roots of rice plants are extremely tolerant of ethanol + Many of the roots are very shallow * the roots use the oxygen which diffuses into the water surface, * Rice stem contain a large number of air spaces * (the air space) allow oxygen to penetrate through to the cells of roots( growing in the absence of oxygen) (Any 6) ‘hips://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 88SBP 2012 , FORM 4: CHAPTER 7 © | Able to explain the relationship between the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of respiration at points P, Q, R and S. Sample answer AtP: . Ihe dark ow ight ites, only respiration cours * hence large quantity of CO2 is produced/released * As light (intensity) increases the quantity of CO2 / produce + ee pt of CO? pied dung rein sued fr + Sagar wed in respzaton more rapidly than itis produced in photosynthesis AtQ: = (At this point of light inensity) all the CO2 release from respiration is reused / equivalent to CO2 used up during photosynthesis // no net gain or loss in CO2 / sugar produced * rate of photosynthesis is equal to the rate of respiration ™ this point is called compensation point ™ net gaseous exchange is zero ALR * as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis become faster than / exceed the rate of respiration = the CO2 needed is obtained from the atmosphere * (atthe same time) excess 02 is releases (into the atmosphere) is the light saturation point * an increase in light intensity does not increase the rate of photosynthesis / maximum rate of photosynthesis (Any 8) ‘TOTAL ‘htips://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 89FORM 4: CHAPTER 7. TERENGGANU 2012 Xa) Diagram 7.1 shows the respiratory gaseous exchange and transportation. Rajah 71 marathon perukarn gs resptas dan pengangtatan Diingram 7.1 / Rajah 7.1 @ Describe how gaseous exchange oceurs between alveohus and blood capillaries. ‘Fawaikan bagaimana pertukaran gos berlaku amara alveolus dan kapilari darch [4 marks] Gi) Explain the main way how gas Y is transported from body cells tothe alveolus. Teranghan cara wtama bagaimana gas ¥ dianghut der! sel-sel badan ke alveolus (6 marks) (0 Diagn end 73 sare opty rp att nd aco 7.3 meranjubkan organ resprasi bogi serangge dan mars. KR Diagrem 7.2 Diagram 7:3 Rajeh 7.2 Rajah 7.3 Explain one similarity and four differences between the respiratory organs of insect and ‘burnan, Terangkan satu persamaan dan empst perbecaan antara organ resplrasi bag! seranega don manusia. [10 marks} a ‘tps: /wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 90FORM 4: CHAPTER 7. TERENGGANU 2012 Nom ‘Scoring Criteria 1 Marks} 7(a)G) | Able to describe how gaseous cxchange occurs between alveolus and | ; blood capillaries | Suggesied answer: [El-. Partial pressure of oxygen in slveolus higher than in blood 1 | j capillaries , . E2- oxygen diffuses from alveolus to blood capillaries (by simple 1 ~ Partial pressure of curbon divside in blood capitlaries is 1 hicier han in alveotus | : yE4- carbon dioxide diffuses from blood capillaries to alveolus (by s } simple diffusion) : diffusion) | i cells to the alveolus. ued answer: EI: Carbon dioxide (released by body cells) diffuses into the 1 blood plasma F2 : carbon dioxide (in red blood cells) reacts with water to form | 1 carbonic acid E3 : Red blood cells contain the enzyme carbonic anhydrase EA: Carbonic acid dissociates to form hydrogen ion and ; | ticarbonate fon { “ES: Bicarbonete ions diffe (from the red blood cell) into blood | i E6 : Bicarbonate ion carried by the blood plasma to the tung | 1 je FT1GNG) 7 Able to explain the main way Row gas Vis tanaported fom body | ‘htips:/Avickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 91FORM 4: CHAPTER 7. TERENGGANU 2012 11) |r 16 explain one similarity and four differences between the i respiratory organs of insect and human. | Suggested answer: j Similarities: ‘both of respiratory organs nas thin wall one cel thick FED: increase rate of diffusion of respiratory gaseous j82: both of respiratory organs has respiratory surface such as alveolus in human and tracheole in an insect \2 provide # large surface area for the diffusion of gases “Any 1S and JE | Differences: 7 Di: Trachea in human is supported by cartilage but trachea in insect is supported by chitin El: To prevent them from collapsing D2: ‘The wal of te alveolus i moist surface but the tracheale has | guia EQ: To dissolve the respiratory gases D3: Alveolus is covered by network of blood capillaries but not for tracheole , 3: To provides «large surface are for mpid diffusion of gases (to ‘nd from the alveoli) in buman but tracheoles direct comtact to the tissues (and organs) j D4: Haemogiobin is needed in transport of oxygen not but in insect [ E4: Oxygen combine with haemoglobin (in erythrocyte) to form ‘oxyhaemoglobin but notin insect DS: (Larger) insects have air sacs but not in human ES: To speed up the movement of gases to and from the iasect's | tissues 1D6: In humen air enters the lungs through the nostrils but spiracles max 1 in insects Max 1E6: To allow gases in and out of the body 1} 8 | 10 i Total | 20 9 a ‘hips://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 92“FORM 4: CHAPTER 8 SBP 2014 9 (@) Microorganisms have been used fo produce products for thousands of years. The use of microorganisms in ttecnology is contmsosly developing fo connie in our diy pagans, 1 shows some of the medicinal products mamufactured by biotechnology. Sudah Beribu tahun mikroorganisma digunakan dalam penghasilan produk. Penggunaan ‘mikroorganisma dalam biotelnologi telah Berkembang secara berterusan wituk ‘menyumbang kepada kehidupan harian kita. Rajah 9.1 menujukkan beberopa produk perubaton yang dihasilkan secara bioteknologt. s os 91 Rajah 9.1 How microorganisms are used in producing the medicinal products shown in Diagram 9.17 Bagaimanakah mikroorganisma digunakan dalam menghasilkan produk perubatan yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.1? 110 marks} [10 marka} oe Atips:/jwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 93FORM 4: CHAPTER & SBP 2014 0) Introducing the first electric hybrid with electrifying performance Our engineers have invented the industry's most advanced hybrid vehicle. Unlike other hybrids on the market, ours uses a patented Lithium Polymer battery. It has 40% less volume, i's 25% lighter and 10% more efficient. The battery also has a longer life-span, it comes with a lifetime warranty guarantee. So you can féel good about preserving the ‘environment forthe life of your vehicle. Memperkenalkan hibrid elekarik yang pertama dengan prestasi kuasa elektrik Jurutera kami telah mencipta kenderaan hibrid yang paling maju. Tidak seperti hibrid di pasaran, kami menggunakan bateri Polimer Lithium yang dipatenkan. Ia mempunyai Jurang 40% isipadu, 25% lebih ringan dan 10% lebih cekap. Baterinya tahan lebih lama, ‘ada jaminan seumur hidup. Anda akan berpuaskati apabila dapat memelihara alam sekitar dengan kereta anda. Diagram 9.2 Rajah 92 Based on the promotion, discuss the benefits of using an eco-friendly car. Berdasarkan promosi ini, bincangkan faedah-faedah menggunakan kereta mesra alam. [10 marks} [10 markal] ‘Attps;//wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 94. FORM 4: CHAPTER 8 Question 9 SBP 2014 No Criteria ® “Alef explain ow microopain play role in prodacing chemicals sock ‘as vaccine, antibiotics, antiserum Sample answers: i (prepared) from a weakened or dead’ killed form microorganisms/ {Contans an) agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism. it stinmlates the body immune system to recognize the agent as foreign / foreign proteins and keep record/memory oft, so that the imamme system can more recognize 3% F280 x Pa by injecting certain animal with (pec P14 The animal responded and produce antibody PIS Blood serum containing antibody is extracted P16 The most common use in immans is antitoxin/antivenom P17 Antiserum is used to pass on passive immnnity to many diseases. Josalin P13 technique use is DNA recombinant Pid. Plasmid DNA ofa bacterium is used / Escherichia coli is cut using w restriction enzyme P15 Intodue’ ise recombinant DNA ino a bacterin coi P16 (recombinant DNA) in bacterium multiply P17—and produce lmman insulin (Any 10) ‘Autps;/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 95+ FORM 4: CHAPTER 8 ® Able to discuss the benefits of an eco-fiiendly vehicle. Sample answers PI Lese the bad isnpact on the eavironment. 2 Eiectne cars don’t burn fossil fuels’ used less fossil fuels 3 doart emit CO2 into the stmomphere / ‘P4 Less Greenhouse gas Emissions PS reduce global warming P6 many plant and animal species could be saved from extinct ‘PT reduce other air/gas emissions from gas engines, such as: P13 Materials used in eco-Biendly cars weigh less than traditional one P14 Fuel Costs -decrease in fuel costs save money (Any 10) SBP 2014 10 TOTAL OE Page 96JAH 2012 FORM 4: CHAPTER 8 7 Diagram 7.1 shows two types of microorganisms, Rojoh 7.1 menunjukkan dua jenis mikroorganisma ‘Microorganism P Mikroorganisma P (3) Name microorganism P and microorganism Q. Compare and contrast microorganisms P and Qwith respect to their harmful and beneficial effects on humans. {20 marks] ‘Nomakan mikroorganisma P dan mikroorgonisma Q. Bonding den bezakan mikroorganisma P dan mikroorganisma Q berdasarkan keson buruk dan keson batknya terhadop manusia. [20 morkoh} (b) Diagram 7.2 shows the process of colonisation and succession ina freshwater pond. Rojah 7.2 menunjukkan proses pengkolonian dan penyesaran dalam kolam air tawor, SS EE Eee Attps,/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 97_ FORM 4: CHAPTER 8 EDAH 2012 Based on Diagram 7.2,, explain what is meant by colonisation and succession and how the process bring about the formation of the primary forest in a habitat. [20 marks} Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2, terangkan apakah yang dimoksudkan dengan pengkolonian dan penyesaran dan bagaimana pengkolonian dan penyesaran membawa kepada pembentukan hutan primer dolam suatu habitat. [10 markah) hutps,/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 98FORM 4: CHAPTER 8 KEDAH 2012 QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA SuB | TOTAL NO. MARKS | MARKS: 71a) = Microorganism P is fungi/ Mucor sp. and 1 = microorganism Q is bacteria 1 2m ‘Similarities Beneficial effects: PL = Microorganisms P and Q.are used to make antibiotics. | 1 P2 = Streptomycin is produced by streptomycin sp(Q) ; while 4 penicilin is produced by penicilium chrysogenum(P) P3 = Microorganisms P and Q are used in production of energy from biomass. 1 P4 = Microorganism Q can be used to produce biogas while | 4 Microorganism P is used in production of gasohol. PS - Microorganisms P and Q are decomposers 1 6 | - Breakdown the dead plants/animal/waste product of 1 animal 7 = And release nutrients into the soil 1 Harmful effects: 8 | - PandQcan cause sexual transmitted diseases als m [any 5 P] Differences Beneficial effects : P9 | - Qisused in the manufacture of bio-plastics and insulin. | 2 but not P 1 pig | ~ Qisused to clean oil spills at sea due to leakage of oil tankers whereas P cannot be used for this purpose Pad - Qis used to treat sewage but not P 1 Harmful effects P12 | - Microorganism Q causes diseases like cholera/food 1 poisoning /tuberculosis whereas P13 = Pauses diseases such as ringworm 1 [Any 3 PI} 3m. Total marks 10m Page 99FORM 4: CHAPTER, KEDAH 2012 ‘QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA SUB | TOTAL No Manis | MARKS 70) |- | colonisation is a process whereby a species colonises in a newly | 1 formed area/pond 1 ‘Succession is a process whereby one species of organism / ‘a community changes the environment/habitat 2 - | which results in the species/organism being replaced by other 2m species P1_| Activities of pioneer species(submerge plants }/ examples | 1 ‘causes a change in the environments/ habitat P2_ | The remains of plants/ decayed bodies deposited to the pond | 2 bed 3 _| Pond become shallower 1 P4_| (also) add nutrients to pond water 1 PS | Promotes the growth of floating plants/examples toreplace | 1 the pioneer species/submerged plants P6 | Floating plants covers water surface, preventing light from | penetrating the water/causes less rate of plants photosynthesis inthe pond 7 _| Results in greater rate of plants death which sink to the bottom | 1 of pond P8_| Making the pond more shallower 1 9. | Floating plants are gradually replaced by amphibious | 1 plants/successor P10 | The successor causes further changes to the habitat/pond, | 1 make it unfavourable for the emergent/amphibian plants to grow P11 | Amphibious plants are replace by land/terrestrial community | 1 which dominates the area. [maximum 8 marks] am Total marks 10m ” Page 100 hitps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com9. a. Diagram 9.1 shows a type of interaction between organisms. Rajah 9.1 meraenjukkan sejenis interaksi antara organism. ii, ‘Name and describe the interaction shown in Diagram 9.1. Nama dan huraikan interaksi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.1 Sy BS 13 6 912 15 18 21 24.27 30 33 36 39.42.45 48 51 5457 ‘Time (month) / Masa (bulan) Diagram 9.2 Rajah 9.2 Explain how the dynamic equilibrium in a prey — predator relationship is maintained. Terangkan bagaimana keseimbangan dinamik dalam hubungan mangsa — ‘pemangsa dikekalkan. [6 marks] [6 markah]For» Use FORM 4: CHAPTER 8 PAHANG 2014 (SET) twat b. Diagram 9.3 shows an article from newspaper entitled "Addressing lost of | Pn biodiversity” Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan artikel yang bertajuk "Ke arah lenyapnya biokepelbagaian’ Rajah 9.3 i, Explain the importance of biodiversity. Terangkan kepentingan biokepelbagaian. [5 marks] (5 markah] ii, Based on your biological knowledge, suggest how to preserve and conserve our biodiversity. Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, cadangkan bagaimana untuk memelihara dan memulihara biokepelbagaian kita. [5 marks} [5 markah] https: /Wickedbiology. wordpréss.com Page 102FORM 4: CHAPTER 8. PAHANG 2014 (SET 1) 9 @ @ Boleh menamakan interaks! antara organisma dan menghuraikan interaks! tersebut. Contoh jawapan F : Komensatisme PI : Orkid ialah Komensal / epifit manakala pokok ialsh perumah P2: Komensal epifit mendapat keuntungan manakala perumah tidak mendapat keuntungan atau kerugian 3 : Orkid mendapat keuntungan // tidak mengancam peramah 4: Dengan menumpang pokok lebih tingggi ,orkid mendapat lebih banyak cabaya untuk fotosintesis {F+mana-mana 3 P ] @ ‘Boleh menerangkan bagaimana keselmbangan dinamik di dalam hubungan ‘mangsa pemangsa dikekalkan . Conteh fswapen PI; Burung hanta adalah pemangsa dan tikus adalah mangsa Peningkatan mangsa menyebabkan pemangsa Ada makanan (mangsa) // lebih banyak makauan (mangsa) dalam habitat 4: Apabila pemangsa memburu mangsa sebagai makanan . bilangan mangsa akan berkurangan. PS: Apablapepuls! mangsa berkurangan , popolasi pemaugsa juga akan 6: Makanan tidak cukup (mangsa) // mekanan berkurang (mangsa) P7: Pengurangaa pentngs mexyebaan mange dapat eis bidop dan membiak. Oleh itu populasi mangsa akan meningkat kembali. 8: Kitaran popolasi akan berulang dan dikatekan sebagai keseimbangan dinamik { Mana-mana 6P] 6) ‘Boleh menerangkan kepentingan blokepelbagalan Contoh jawapan Pl: Mengelakkan kepupusan organism / flora/ fauna Mengekalkan populasi spesies /organisma 3 : Ekosistem/jaringan makanan /rantai makanan dikekalkan // ekosistem yang ) Diagram 7 shows a phenomenon which occurs in the earth's atmosphere, Rajah 7 menunjuckkan satu fenomena yang berlaku dalam atmosfera bumi. ‘Name this phenomenon and explain the effect of the phenomenon on the enviroment if the ‘concentration levels of carbon dioxide, CO», are increasing. ‘Namakan fenomena ini dan terangkan kesan fenomena tersebut terhadap alam sekitar jika ‘aras kepekatan karbon dioksida, COs, semakin meningkat. [B marks] /(3 markah} —— _—— https///mackedbiology. wordpress.com ° : Page 114FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 PULAU PINANG 2012 (©) The world population is now growing drastically. In order to fulfill the needs of the increasing population, acres of lands have to be developed into housing areas, schools, factories and highways. Populasi penduduk dunia sekarang meningkat dengan menciadak. Bagi memenuhi keperluan ‘penambahan populasi ini, berekar-ekar tanah terpaksa dibangunkan untuk pembinaan fhawasan perumahan, sekolah, kilang dan lebuh raya, Give an evaluation on the above statement by considering the impacts on the environment, Berikan satu perilaian tentang pernyataan di atas dengan mempertimbangkan impak ke atas alam sekitar. [10 marks] /{10 markah) hups,/wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 115© © .P1 ; Factories releases large amount of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur the . ‘ilete explain Ti ica ea to the environment. Kilang membebaskan nlrogen olsida dan sulfur dioksida yang banyak ke ‘atmasfera. * . 2 : Oxides of nitrogen combisies with water vapdur (inthe atmosphere) 10 form nitric acid Nitrogen olsida bergabung dengan wap air (dalam atmasfera) wnt membentuk asd nitrit 3: Sulphur dioxide combines with water vapour (inthe atmosphere ) to form sulphuric acid. ‘Sulfur dioksida bergabung dengan wap air (dalam atmosfera) untuk membentuk asid sulferik. 4: The rain falls as acid rain, ‘Hujan turun sebagat husjan asid. PS: May corrode buildings Boleh ‘bangunan 6: Aquatic lives may die due to acidic water / low pH Hidupan akuatk matt kerana air yang berasid / pH rendah + Minerals in soll will be washed into rivers ‘Mineral di dalam tanah akan mengalir ke dalam sungal + Soil becomes infertile / not suitable for egriculture ‘Tanah menjadi tidak subur / tidak sesual untuk pertanian ‘9: Plants may die due to infertile soil / acidic soil Tumbuhan mati kerana tana tidak subur /tanah berasid (any 7P) /(mana-rana 7P) Able to explain the effect of the phenomenon on the environment if the concentration levels of carbon dioxide, COz, are increasing. PJ : This phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect. Fenomena ini dikenali sebogai kesan rumah hijau. P2:: The increase in carbon dioxide concentration traps heat. Peningkatan kepekaten karbon dioksida memeranghap haba. 3 : Causes a rise in the carth’s temperature. Menyebabkan peningkatan sub burt P4 : The metting of polar ice raises the sca level. Pencairan ais di kutub mentagkatkan aras air lat. (any 3P) /(mana-mana 3P) a3 Able to give an evaluation on the above statement with impacts in ‘environmental aspect. B1 ; Brings more bad impacts than good impacts to the environment ‘Membawa tebih teppak buruk kepada alam sekitar B2 : Deforestation will lead to flash flood / landslide Penebangan hutan akan membawa kepada banjir Klat/tanah runtuh 1B3 : Open burning will lead to air pollution / formation of haze Pembakaran terbuka akan membawa kepada pencemaran udara / pembentukan jerebu 7x1 3x1Migrasi fauna /burung |-B10 : Lead to loss of herbs for medical purposes / timber Menbawa kspada kehillangan herba wituk tujuan perubatan /kayu balak B11 : Disruption / no more of water catchment area / Tiada lagi kawasan tadahan alr (any 108) /(mena-mana 10B) tox1 | 0x1FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 PERAK 2012 9 @ o Patient A | Pesakit A | © Experiences severe diarrhoea and vomiting Mengalami cirit-birit yang teruk dan muntah © Dehydrated and experience weight loss Mengalami dehidrasi dan hilang berat badan Patient B Pesakit B Experiences high fever with rashes on skin Mengalami demam panas dan ruam pada kulit © Palm and sole become red and swollen Tapak tangan dan tapak kaki menjadi merah dan membenigkak ‘© Shows low platelet count | Menunjukkan kiran platelet yang rendah | AAs a doctor, explain to these patients about their condition. Your explanation should include these aspects: Sebagai seorang doktor, terangkan kepada pesakit tentang keadaan mereka. Penerangan anda haruslah merangkumi aspek berikut: (Name of the disease Nama penyakit Gi) Pathogen that caused the disease Patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit ini iii) Method of transmission Kaedah penyebaran (iv) Ways to overcome the transmission of disease Langkah-langkah untuk mengatasi cara penyebaran penyakit ini (10 marks) 110 markak} Diagram 9 shows the human activities that may threaten the ecosystem. Rajah 9 menunjukkan aktiviti manusia yang boleh mengancam ekosistem. ——— < z [10 marks] Terangkan kesan aktiviti-aktiviti manusia ini ke atas ekosistem. U0 markah] ee Aups,/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 118FORM 4: CHAPTER 9. PERAK 2012 Ta Patient A i. cholera 1 10 Vibrio cholerae 1 iii, Transmitted through contaminated water /! ‘waterborne disease // through vector/ houseflies | 1 that transmit the bacteria to the exposed food iv. Drink boiled water // filter drink water // any 1 suitable example Eat cooked food // do not exposed the food // 1 any suitable example Use proper toilet / any suitable example 1 Patient B i, Dengue fever ii, Dengue virus 1 iii, Transmitted by a vector! mosquito ie Aedes 1 (aegypti) iv, Protect ourselves from the bites of mosquitoes that | 1 act as vector // any suitable example Eliminating the habitat for mosquitoes // any 1 suitable examples ‘Health education/ campaign 1 1 Max 10 9b Fi Air pollution 1 i0 PI Exhaust fume released by the vehicle contain carbon dioxide/ carbon monoxide/ sulphur dioxide 1 P2 Smoke release by the factory contain dust / soot /Iead 3 Gases released by the factory contain carbon dioxide/ | 1 ‘carbon monoxide/ sulphur dioxide / nitrogen oxide P4 Nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide dissolve in water 1 in the clouds PS Forming nitric acid and sulphuric acid 1 6 Form acid rain 1 P7 Destroy photosynthetic tissues in leaves 1 P8_ Reduce rate of photosynthesis 1 P9_ Increase carbon dioxide concentration 1 P10 Heat is trapped by green house gases 1 P11 Causes green house effect // lead to increase in 1 temperature /! global warming P12 Leads to climatic change// increase sea level// flash 1 flood F2_ Water pollution P13 Disposal of waste matter from industrial // domestic 1 ‘tps:/jwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 119FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 PERAK 2012 Source into the water P14 Causes eutrophication // increase BOD level 1 PIS Aquatic organism die 1 F3_ Land pollution P16 Disposal of domestic waste on the ground 1 PI7 Increase the number of pest/ rat / cockroach / flies 1 P18 Increase disease transmission 1 1 —<—<$<$ Attps://mickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 120FORM 4: CHAPTER NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 9(@) Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan satu daripada fenomena alam sekitar yang menjadi isu perbincangan masa kini. Diagram 9.1 shows one of the environmental phenomena which has become a current topic of discussion. Lapisan atmosfera ‘Namakan fenomena ini dan terangkan bagaimana fenomena ini berlaku. Jika anda adalah seorang aktivis alam sekiter, cadangkan bagaimana anda akan menerangkan ‘kepada orang ramai tentang langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi fenomena ini. Name this phenomenon and explain how it happens. I.you are an environmental activist, suggest how you would explain to society about the measures needed to overcome the phenomenon, [10 markah] [10 marks} ee Autps:/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 121FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 (b) Rajah 92 menunjukkan pemusnahan hutan. Hutan dimusnahkan untuk memenuhi keperluan peningkatan populasi manusia, Diagram 9.2 shows deforestation. Forest is cleared to meet the demands of increasing Jruman populations. Berdasarkan Rajah 9.2, bincangkan kebaikan dan keburukan aktiviti manusia itu Based on Diagram 9.2, discuss the good and bad effects of the human activity. [10 marke] [10 marks ‘hups//wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 122FORM 4: CHAPTER 9. NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 NO KRITERIA PEMARKAHAN JUMLAH 9 (a) ‘Namakan fenomena ini dan terangkan bagaimana fenomena ini berlaku. Jika anda adalah seorang aktivis alam sekitar, cadangkan bagaimana anda akan menerangkan kepada orang ramai tentang langkah-langkab yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi fenomens ini. ‘Mana-mana jawapan yang sesuai Fenomena : Kesan Rumah Hijau Berpunca daripada pembebasan gas rumah hijau/ kkarbon dioksida dari aktiviti manusia seperti pembakaran api fosil, /penryabutanan / perindustrian Gas rumah hijau ini akan membentuk Japisan di permukaan atmosfera Pancaran solar dari matahari secara radiasi memasuki atmosfera Bumi Sebahagian radiasi itu diserap oleh bumi ‘Sebahagian sinar inframerah diperangkap oleh gas rumah hijau Gas rumah hijau memantul semula haba sinar inframerah ke permukaan bumi Haba inframereh yang dipantul semula akan meningkatkan subu bumi Menyebabkan pemanasan global Jangan lakukan pembalakan haram Tanam semula pokok yang telah ditebang Jangan lakukan pembakaran terbuka ‘Gunakan petrol tanpa plumbum sebagan bahan bakar alternatif SMAX 4MAX 10 —. x&> ‘Ahutps///wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 123FORM 4: PTER 9. NO KRITERIA PEMARKAHAN ® Bincanghan kebaikan dan keburukan aktivii manusia itu Contoh jawapan Kebaikan Membina tempat kediaman untuk meningkat taraf hidup manusia Membina kilang untuk mengurangkan pengangguran/ memberi peluang pekerjaan ‘Membina hospital untuk meningkatkan tahap kesihatan ‘Membina sckolah untuk meningkatkan tehap pendidikan Membina kawasan pertanian sebagai sumber makanan Membina empangan/stesen jana kuasa elektrik Membina jalanraya untuk kemudahan pengangkutan Menghasilkan barangan keperluan seperti perabut / hasil balak untuk meningkat ekonomi negara ‘Keburakan Kemusnahan habitat flora dan feuna ‘Kepupusan flora dan fauna Hakisan tanah ‘Tanah runtuh kerana tiada akar ‘memegang/ mencengkam tanah ‘Mendapan tanah terkumpul di sungai/ sungai menjadi cetek menyebabkan banjir kilet Pengurangan jumlah air hujan kerana kurang kawasan tadahan hujan Peningkatan gas karbon dioksida kerana tiada pokok berfotosintesis Kesan rumah hijau akibat peningkatan karbon dioksida SMAX SMAX JUMLAH Attps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 124tae 19, Diagram 9.1 shows a condition of an area. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan keadaan suatu kewasan, + rr. | FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 PAHANG 2014 (SET: 4 i Ponera Diagram 9.1 Rajah 9.1 (@) Many new factories are built in new area and nearby housing area. Explain the effects of the presence of factories to the areas. Banyak kilang baharu yang didirikan di kawasan baharu dan berdekatan dengan kawasan perumahan. Terangkan kesan kewujudan Jilang_kilang tersebut terhadap kedua - dua kawasan ita. [10 marks] [110 markah] (b) Explain the importance of maintaining the good quality of air to our ecosystem, Terangkan kepentingan mengekalkan kualiti udara yang baik ke atas ekosistem. [4 marks] [4 markah] (©) Describe ways to improve the quality of air for a better survival of all organisms. Huraikan cara-cara untuk menambahbaik kualiti udara untuk Kemandirian semua organism. [6 marks} [6 markah]FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 PAHANG 2014 TJumiah 20 9a | Dapat menerangkan kesan kewojudan kilang — kilang tersebut terhadap kedua-dua kawasan tersebut (kawasan baharu & kawasan berdekatan perumaban) Contoh jawapan A. Kesan buruk Al —kemusnahan habitat semutajedi ‘A2—menyebabkan kepupusan organism / haiwan / tumbuban ‘A3— pembebasan gas berbahaya / pas beracun / karbon dioksida / metana A4 - (menyebabkan) haba terperangkap A$ —meningkatkan subu (persekitaran) ‘A6— menyebabkan kesan rumah hijau A7~ pembebasan sulfur dioksida / nitrogen dioksida A8~ terlarut dalam air hujan A9—_membentuk hujan asid A10—menyebabkan pH tanah berkurangan All ~tanah menjadi tidak subur Al2 ~ cat bangunan terkakis / tumbuhan akuatik mati / radang kepada kulit mamusia A13 ~ gangguan / kemusnahan rantai makanan Al4~ membebaskan babuk / jelaga / asap A15— menycbabkan jerebu / kabut / pencemaran udara ‘A16~memutup stoma daun AI7—mengurangkan kadar fotosintesis B. Kesan baik Bl] —menambah peluang pekerjaan B2—meningkatkan ekonomi / individu / negara 1B3 — meningkatkan kemudahan infrastruktur / kemudshan awam B4 — menyediakan persekitaran hidup yang baik seperti sistem sanitari / bekalan air bersih BS ~ sistem penganglaitan yang selesa / cepat Mana—mana sepuluh | 10 b |Dapat menyatakan kepentingan mengekalkan kualiti udara yang baik ke atas ekosistem Contoh jawapan PI —untuk membekalkan oksigen kepada organism hidup P2— mengekalkan ekosistem seimbang P3—membolehkan tumbuhan menjalankan fotosintesis dengan cekap P4—mencegah peningkatan sul (persekitaran) P5—mencegah kesan rumah hijau / pemanasan global ‘P6~mengurangkan stress/tekanan / menjalani gaya hidup sihat P7 — tarikan eko pelancongan 8 sebarang jawapan yang relevan Mana~manaempat| 4 ‘hupps//prickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 126» FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 PAHANG 2014 © [Dapst memberikan huraian tentang cara untuk menambahbaik kualiti udara untuk kemandirian semus organism Contoh jawapan 1 ~dengan memasang penapis dalam cerobong asap P7—kempen kesedaran tentang persckitaran // mana-mana contoh yang sama 8 dilaksanakan melalui sekolah / media P9— sebarang jawapan yang relevan Jumlah Mana ~mana enam plo — ‘tips,//wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 127FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 KEDAH 2013 9 (a) Agroup of farmers planned to develop an agriculture farm nearby a lake, Besides obtaining a high agriculture yield, they suggested that the area can also be made into an eco-tourism centre. Details of their planning are listed as follow: ‘Sekumpulan peladang merancang membangunkan ladang pertanian berhampiran sebuah tasik. Selain mendapatkan hasil pertanian, mereka bercadang untuk membangunkan satu pusat eco- perlancongan. Butir— butir perancangan mereka adalah seperti di bawah: ‘Type of plants /Jenis Tanaman_: Strawberry and rose plant / Strawberi dan bunga ros. Location/ Lokasi : Near a natural lake/ Berhampiran tasik semulajadi, ‘Type of fertilisers used: Jenis baja yang digunakan: Compost, lead nitrate salt, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and phosphate. Boja kompos, garam nitrat, potasium nitrat, magnesium nitrat dan fosfat. ‘Berdasarkan maklumat datas, terangkan kesan ke atas tasik inl akibat pengurusan yang tidak terancang, [10 marks/ markah]KEDAH 21 (b) Diagram 9 shows one phenomenon in the ecosystem due to an unplanned development. Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu fenomena dalam ekosistem yang disebabkan oleh _pembangunan yang tidak terancang Diagram /Rajah 9 (i) Based on the Diagram 9, name the phenomenon and explain how it occurs. Serdasarkan Rajah $,nomakan fenomena dan terangkan bagalmana io berlaku. {4 marks/markah) {ii) Describe the effect s of the phenomenon on agriculture and aquatic ecosystem ‘Huraikan kesan fenomena tersebut ke atas pertanian dan ekosistem akuatik [6 marks/markah} ar /ivickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 129FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 KEDAH 2013 ‘QUESTION NO MARKING CRITERIA a] a F - The leaching of chemical/fertiliser/phosphate/nitrate from the agriculture area to the lake E1— Increase the fertility / nutrient in the lake E2- Promotes rapid growth of algae/algae bloom E3- Algae cover up the surface of the lake £4~ Eutrophication occur ES Prevent penetrating of the sunlight reaching the base of the lake. £6 —Reduce/prevent photosynthesis by aquatic plant 7 ~ Aquatic plant die EB~ Decomposed by bacteria/microorganism £9—The number of bacteria increase £10~ Lead to the increase in Biochemical Oxigen Demand (80D) ELL ~Depletion/decrease of dissolved oxygen in the lake £ 12- Result in the death of aquatic organism/animal Any 10 () F=Add rain E1 Motor vehicles/lory/ factory released large amount of smoke E2~contain nitroden diowide/ sulphur dioxside £3 Oxide of nitrogen/sulphur combine/ dissolve with water vapour/ rain water (in atmosphere) E4—to form nitric acid sulphuric acid 5 - the rainfall as acid rain Effect: E1- may corrode metal structure in bridges and the building £2- drop the water pH// water become acidic 3 - cause aquatic animal die 4 —destroyed the food chain in the lake/river E5- leach the mineral in the soil £6—Soil become infertile/ not suitable for plant to growth E7- Less yield produced Any 4 Any 6 Total Page 130FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 SELANGOR 2014 9. Diagram 9.1 shows a common activity among our teenagers. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan altivit biesa yang dlilakukan oleh para remaja. Diagram 9.1/Rajah 9.1 (@) Suggest the effects of the activity on the health. Cadangken kesan aktiviti itu ke atas kesihatan. [5 marks/5 markah] (b) Diagram 9.2 shows a power plant that generates electricity in an area. The plant releases hot water into the nearby river, Rajah 9.2 menunjukken satu kilang tenaga yang menjana kuasa elektrik dalam suatu kawasan. Kilang tersebut melepaskan air panas ke dalam sungai yang berhiampiran. Transmission line Talian transmisi “ i River Sungai Hot water poe Air panas Diagram 9.2/Rejah 9.2 Te Based on the picture, suggest the impact of the power plant on the environment and precautionary measures that can be taken by all of us to ensure a green Earth for the future generations, Berdasarkan gamber tersebut, cadangkan kesan kilang tenaga itu ke atas alam sekitar dan langkah-langkah pencegahan yang boleh diambil oleh semua orang bagi mengekelkan Burni yang hijau untuk generasi akan datang. [5 marks/5 markah] hutps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 131FORM 4: CHAPTER 8 SELANGOR 2014 (©) Diagram 9.3 shows how mangrove trees carry out a process to increase the survival rate. Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan bagaimana pokok bakau menjalankan satu proses untuk meningkatkan kadar kehidupannya. Diagram 9,3/Rajah 9.3 Suggest other ways for the mangrove tree to adapt in the harsh condition of the ‘swamp. Cadangkan kaedah lain bagi pokok bakau beradeptasi dalam keadaan yang teruk di kawasan paya. [10 marks/10 markah] Se ‘ttps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 132FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 SELANGOR 2014 oe) ‘Abie to suggest the effects of the activity on health. ‘Sample answer : P14 : The activity cause noise pollution P2: Ifthe noise above 80 dB can cause deafness 3 : can leads to stress-related problems such as high blood pressure/headaches/ulcers P4 : also stimulate adrenaline secretions PS : which also cause high blood pressurefincrease in heart rate/respiration rate 6 : also cause muscle becomes tense Any five (b) Able to suggest the impact of the power plants on the environments and precautionary measures. ‘Sample answor : impact 1 : Hot water released from the plant cause thermal pollution 2 : Increases the temperature of water in the river 3: Can cause instant death to certain aquatic organisms. P4 : Hot water also cause oxygen becomes less soluble in water PS : inctease growth of algae 6 : leads to higher BOD Use alternative energy/renewable energy/ solar energy to ‘generate power P4 : Have campaign to educate the public on effects of pollution Any three answers from impact and precaution (©) ‘Able to suggest other ways for the mangrove fo adapt to harsh environment of the swamp. Sample answer : F1 : Have cable root 1 :to give support in the soft muddy soil F2 : Have prop root = fo anchor in muddy soit : Have pneumatophores. for gaseous exchange to accurs ‘The bark has lenticels : for gaseous exchange : Leaves are covered with thick layer of cuticle «to reduce transpiration during hot days : The feaves are thick and succulent 6 : to store water 7: the cell sap inthe root ceils have higher osmotic pressure 7 : to ensure the root cells do not loose water by osmosis, F8 : the lower epidermis have hydathodes: P8 : to excrete excess salt Anyten Bt seen, 10 TOTAL eee Page 133FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1) 9 (a) Keratan akhbar berikut adalah mengenai kegiatan pembalakan haram yang berlaku di Malaysia . PUTRAJAYA 30 Ogos - Kerajaan akan menguat kuasa undang-undang untuk mengenakan hukuman penjara mandatori setahun atau maksimum 20 tahun tanpa dikenakan kompaun bagi pesalah terlibat dalam aktiviti pembalakan haram. Keputusan tegas itu dicapai pada Mesyuarat Majlis Perhutanan Negara (MPN) } ke-19 dipengerusiken Timbalan Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak ai sini hart ini. ‘Sehubungan itu, Peguam Negara akan membuat kajian dan penelitian mengenainya yang dijangka mengembil masa kire-kira enam bulan untuk |] memestikan penguatkuasaan undeng-undang itu dapat dijalankan serte-merta kelak, Tegas Najib, keputusan itu diambil memandangkan tindakan kompaun yang selama ini tidak mendatangkan kesan bagi membanteras pembalakan haram walaupun melibatkan nila berjute-juta ringgit Selain kerugian berjuta-juta ringgit, Kegiatan pembelakan tharam turut menjejaskan kesejahteraen rakyat dengan melibatkan masaleh terhadap alam sekitar, udara dan air Pembalakan haram di negara ini masih berterusan yang dilakukan oleh kumpulan yang sama tetap! sindiket ini tidak banyak jumlahnya. Jadi sekarang ini MPN bersetuju bahawa kita tidak guna kompaun (untuk menanganinya) tetepi terus didakwa di mahkamah," kata beliau. Najib berkata demikian pade sidang akhbar selepas mempengerusikan mesyuarat itu ai Bangunan Perdana Putra ai | sini hart ini. Mesyuarat yang melibatkan semua Menterl Besar dan Ketua Menteri itu turut dihadiri Menteri Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar, Datuk Seri Adenan Satem. Menurut Najib, keputusan itu jauh lebih baik kerana melibatkan tindakan penjara terhadap pesalah yang lebih tegas berbanding penguatkuasaan yang ada jj sekarang.Tambah beliau, hukuman penjara akan dilaksanakan mengikut peruntukan undang-undang Khas yang akan dibentuk di bawah Akta Perhutanan Negara 1984. (Pindaan 1993). Based on the above article describe how the activity affect the ecosystem. Berdasarkan artikel di afas , jelaskan bagaimana aktiviti di atas memberi kesan ke atas ekosistem [10 marks] [10 markah] ee es Anttps:/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 134FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1. 9 (b) Ozone layer found in the second layer of the atmosphere, the stratosphere layer. Diagram 9 shows a reactions occurring in the ozone layer that has highly significant impact on life on Earth. Lapisan ozon terdapat di lapisan kedua atmosfera, jaitu lapisan stratostera, Gamberajah 9 menunjukken tindakbalas yang berleku dilepisan ozon dan memberi ‘kesan yang sangat ketare Kepada hidupan ai burn. Produces dlatomie oxygen and free EE je nonianaan ———_egsboincne ni Monoxide molecule Zonage UV menyingtishen radikal Morin bebas Pemutusen tatan dala 20 er moll CFC ‘mole orn monoksise e Chlorine atom /Atom Klorin © __ Onynen Atom/Atom oksigen Diagram 9 Rajah 9 (1) Explain the impact on the environment Jelaskan kesan tersebut terhadep alam sekiter [8 marks] [8 markeh] (i) Suggest ways to reduce the impact on the environment Cadangkan cara untuk mengurangkan impak ai ates terhadep alam sekitar. [2 marks} 2 markahy ————— ‘Aitps://mickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 135FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 ___ KEDAH 20244 (SET 1) Aittps://nickedbiology. wordpress.com No Marking Criterla Marks yo el@ F The activity is legal logging/deforestation 7 70 P1 : Soil erosion + | marks P2 : Reduce Water catchment area 4 P3 : Plant roots system makes the soil stable 4 P4 : Leaves /branches acting as span to slow down water i PS - Deforestation cause ran water fo very fast and A | erode the soi. P6 : Landslides 5 P7 : Forest root system clutch the soll. 1 PB : without roots system makes the soll unstable flead to | landslides P9 : Flash floods 7 P10 : The eroded soil cartied away by moving water deposited at the botiom of the rivers P11 :Contribute to the sedimentation ofthe rivers becomes | 4 shallow causes flash flood during rainy seasons. . P12: Loss of biodiversity , P13: causes organism lose thelr habitat / extinction of 1 animals P14: Climatic changes 1 P15: forest acting as ‘ Carbon sink’ of the earth 1 P16: absorbed vast amount of carbon dioxide during 1 photosynthesis and released oxygen to atmosphere P17: Deforestation contribute to increase in the amount of | 4 carbon dioxide in the atmosphere P18 : Lead to the global warming/green house effect 4 fany 10] . Page 136FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 KEDAH 2014 (SET 1} (8) | (1) | Pi The reaction causes the thinning of ozone layer 1 10 2: Allowed the UV light penetrate to the earth a | marks 3: destroyed plankton in the food web 1 P24 : Disturb the ecology balance in the water ecosystem 1 P5: Decrease the number of stomata and chlorophyll on the | feaves P6: Plant cannot carry out photosynthesis /biotic 1 ‘component threatened 7 : Many plant die// cause carbon dioxide increase 1 8 : Atmospheric temperature increase 1 P9 : Lead to green house effectgiobal warming 2 P10: Many organism which feed on plant die 4 P41:Disturb the food web /ecosystem the any 1 [Any 8] FT iniroduce new chemical substance HOFC To replace | a 7 the used of CFC F3: Enforce the laws to ban the use of material contains | 3 Chlorofluorocarbon [2 marks} https:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 137FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 KEDAH 2014 (SET 2) 9 (2) Metting glaciers to be among the key issues discussed by scientists and environmental activists. Photo below shows the glacier Mac Carty found in Alaska. Photo taken in 1909 and 2004 showed a significant change on the glaciers. Pencairan glasier menjadi antara isu penting yang dibincangkan oleh saintis dan aktivis alam sekitar.Gambar di bawah menunjukkan’ glasier Mac Carty yang terdapat ci ‘Alaska. Gember diambil pada tahun 1909 dan 2004 menunjukkan perubahan yang ketara pada glasier tersebut. Diagram 9(a) Rajah 9(a) Most glaciers are found in the Antarctic and Arctic. Research shows melting has occurred at a faster rate than expected. Total of six glacial ice melt in Antarctica has increased by 77% between 1973 and 2013. Ice from six glaciers, contributing to 10% of the work's sea level rise between 2005 and 2010. The University of California, USA, conducted the study. Kebanyaken giasier boleh citemui di kawasan Antartika dan Arti. Kajian menunjukkan ‘butps:/frickedbiology.wwordpress.com Page 138FORM. 4: CHAPTER 9 KEDAH 2014 (SET 2) ncairan glasier telah berlku peda Kedar yang feb cepet dari yang djengkakan. Jumleh pencairan ais deri enam glasier ai Antartika telah meningkat sebanyak 77% diantera tahun 1973 hingga tahun 2013. Ais dari enam glasier ini menyumbang kepada 10% daripacta peningkatan aras laut dunia antara tahun 2005 hingga tahun 2010 . Kajian ini telah dijalanken oleh University of California , USA Based on the above statement, explain the cause of the metting of glaciers and its impact on the environment, humans and habitats of organisms. Berdasarkan pemyataan di atas, terangkan punca berlakunya penceiran glasier dan kkesan nya kepada persekitaran , manusia dan habitat arganisma. ito mens] marks] oS sf 9 (0) Diagram 9(0) shows a corn farm that has been attack by a type Rae — Gambar menunjukkan ladang jagung yang telah diserang oleh sejenis ulat. Diagram 9(b) Rajah 9(6) Farmers decide to apply higher and stronger doses of insecticides to control the population of worm. Peladang membuat keputusan untuk menggunakan racun serangga yang lebih tinggi kepeketannya dan lebih kuat daripada racun serangga yang biasa digunaken bagi mengawal populasi ulat . Explain why the farmers decision is not a good idea, Terangken mengapa keputusan peledang tersebut adalah satu idea yang tidak baik. [8 marks] / (8 markah] (i) Suggest a better alternative ways the farmers can overcome their problems. ‘Cadangken satu cara alternatif yang lebih baik yang boleh digunakan oleh peladang bagi mengatesi masalah mereka. [2 marks] / [2 markah] ‘https://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 139FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 KEDAH 2024 (SET 2) (0) P3: Sebahagiannya akan dibawa oleh air bujan ke sungaifkolam Pé: Menyebabkan pencemaran air (PS: Menyebabkan hidupan akuatik mati PS: Bahan kimia dalam racun serangga attatah tidak biodegredasi menyebabkan ianya akan kekal dalam ekosistem pada jangka masa yang lama PT: jaanya akan kekal dalam rantai makanan, borkumpul dalam isu pengguna yang memakan serangga. 8: Sisa foksik akan meningkat pada organisme dalam aaras trof yang lebih tinggi PS: Menyebabkan hidupan fersebut mati. P10 : Menyebabkan mutasi P1t : Daya ketahanan terhadap regi a sre gna ps ight co yea a real og dpatan P12: Sukar ihapuskan Aitps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 140FORM 4: CHAPTER 9. } KEDAH 2014 (SET 2) No Marking Criteria Mark| Total s | Marks 9 Tf) Punca pencairan glasier_( 4m) 1: Pemanasan global/kesan rumah hijau 2; Peningkatan dalam penggunaan bahan api ‘osil /pembakaran hutan /pembakaran terbuke P3 : Penebangan hutan/penerokaan hutan ‘mengurangkan penggunaan karbon dioksida ‘oleh tumbuhan untuk proses fotosintests 4: Menyebabkan peningkatan gas-gas rumah hijau seperti kerbon dioksida dalam ‘atmosfera Gas Karbon dioksida menyerap hhaba/memerangkap haba 6: meningkatkan suhu bumi [Mane-mana 4] 4 Markah ‘Kesan kepada Persekitaran, Manusia dan Habitat (6m) 7: Peningkatan ares laut P8: Kawasan tanah rendah akan ditenggelamt air 9 : memusnahkan penempatan manusia / memusnahkan tanaman/habitat haiwan darat berhampiran pantai P10: Kepupusan haivwan// Pencairan glasier menyebabkan haiwan sepert beruang kutub akan pupus/ikan, burung yang bergantung kepada glasier untuk hidup akan pupus. P12: Perubahan cuaca akan berlaku P42: menyebabkan banjir dan kemarau , naman akan rosak/mengurangkan hasil pertanian P43 :Krists makanan dunia, P14 : Sesetengah kawasan seperti penduduk dl pergunungan Himalaya akan mengalami kekurangan bekalan air bersih [Mana-mana 6} 6 Marksh 10 Markah Attps//oickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 141FORM 4: CHAPTER 9. SBP 2013 9 (@) _ Thestatement below describes the sustainable development. Pernyataan di bawah menerangkan pembangunan mampan. © Sustainable development is method to fulfill our demands for natural Tesources but it also balanced with the need to sustain the resources Pembangunan mampan adalah kaedah untuk memenuhi keperluan Kita terhadap sumber-sumber semulajadi tetapi pada masa yang sama diseimbangkan dengan perlunya sumber-sumber itu dikekalkan ‘© Sustainable development can be achieved by using technology and non-technology approach. Pembangunan mampan boleh dicapai dengan pendekatan penggunaan teknologi dan bukan teknologi. Based on statement above, explain what measures can be taken to ensure a balanced and stable ecosystem is maintained Berdasarkan penyataan di atas, terangkan langkah-langkah yang boleh diambil untuk memastikan keseimbangan dan kestabilan ekosistem dikekalkan. [10 marks} [10 markah] ‘hutps//ickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 142FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 SBP 2013 (b) Diagram 9.1 shows an ecosystem in Malaysia Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan ekosistem di Malaysia. Diagram 9.1 Rajah 9.1 (©) Based on diagram 9.1, discuss winy the ecosystem has to be maintained Berdasarkan rajah 9.1, bincangkan mengapa ekosistem ini perlu dikekalkan, {10 marks] [10 markah} Ahttps;//wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 143FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 SBP 2013 Question 9 ‘No ‘Mark Scheme ‘Sub ] Total (@ | Able to explain what measures can be taken to ensure a 10 balanced and stable ecosystem is maintained ‘Sample answer: ‘Technological approach: Fl: Using unleaded petrol / hybrid car 1 EI: Reduce the emission of lead/ plumbum into the 1 Atmosphere F2: Use of catalytic converter 1 E2: Convert hazardous gases into harmless substances, L F3 : Use of renewal energy 1 Reduce emission of carbon dioxide into atmosphere 1 rreatment of sewage EA : Prevent from domestic waste/ industrial waste from i polluted the sea ~ Non-Technologieal Approach FI: Implementation of law 1 EI: Fine the offender 1 F2: Education/ campaign 1 E2: To instill awareness of importance of nature to public 1 F3: Practice of biological control 1 3: Reduce the usage of herbicide and pesticide 1 10 Any 10 () ‘Able to discuss why the ecosystem has to be maintained Max according to following criteria: 10 ‘© FI : Description of balanced ecosystem © F2: Importance of maintaining the balanced ecosystem co F3: Reason to maintain ‘Sample answer FI: Itis a balanced ecosystem // interaction between biotic | 1 and abiotic factors, Page 144FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 SBP 2013 PI: ensure conservation of biodiversity // preservation of flora [1 and fauna P2:: preventing extinction of flora and fauna 1 F2: maintaining major soures of human food / examples // | 1 sources of medicinal resource P3 : sustain food web / chain in the ecosystem 1 4: preventing disruption of natural cycle of water /carbon/ | 1 balance between photosynthesis and respiration. PS :to provide natural water catchment area 1 6 : to preserve natural resoures for outdoor / recreational 1 activities / tourism / ecotourism 7: to reduce stress / promote healthy life style 4 F3 : the loss of plants / animals // destruction of flora and 1 fauna in the ecosystem / lost of habitat / ecological niche / certain organisms 8 : to prevent reduction in food resources / food chain/size | 1 of food web 9 : to prevent soil erosion / land slide/ muddy flood / flash 1 flood / natural disaster P10 : to prevent extinction ofa few animals / plant species, 1 which might be useful in the future. 10 Any 10 TOTAL. 20 ———— y z Page 145FORM 4; CHAPTER 9. TERENGGANU 2013 8 (a)Diagram 8 shows the impact of human activities to the quality of natural environment. Rajah 8 menunjukkan impak aktiviti manusia ke atas kualiti alam semulajadi. meres ae ioe State the phenomena shown in Diagram 8. Discuss this phenomenon based on the following aspects: © the sources © the effects and © the ways to overcome Npatakan fenomena yong dnyutan ot Rajah 8. Bicanghan feromenatersebut [10 marks ——— Attps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com : Page 146FORM 4: CHAPTER 9. TERENGGANU 2013 ©) _Explain the concept of sustainable development and their importance in preservation ‘and conservation of tropical rainforest in Malaysia. Teranghan konsep pembangunan berterusan dan kepentingannya dalam ‘pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan hutan hyjan tropital di Malaysia. tomar avn aP IU Scraccnnd EDU hutps/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 147FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 TERENGGANU 2013 No Mark Scheme Mark | Total &(a) | Able to explain the differences between the two human activities 1. State the types of phenomena 2. C: the causes 3. E: the effects 4. S: ways to overcome Sample answers FI: (The phenomenon is) acid rain ‘The causes: Cl: Combustion/ Burning of fossil fuels in power stations/ 1 factories! motor vehicles C2: release sulphur dioxide/ SO, and oxides of nitrogen/ 1 ‘NO and NO2 C3: Form sulphuric acid and nitric acid when combine 1 with water vapour 1 C4; Fall to Barth as acid rain/ snow/ hail/ fop/ frost’ dew The effects Agriculture: : El: Leaching of minerals// the soil become acidic Aguatic ecosystem: 2: Increase acidity in the aquatic evosystenv/ Kill phytoplankton// destroyed photosynthetic tissues!/ 1 accumulate insoluble aluminium ions in lakes and rivers which kill aquatic organisms Health: E3: Acidic soil releases ions of certain heavy metals! 1 contaminate the supply of drinking water/ irritate the Jungs’ make breathing difficult asthma/ bronchitis. B4: Corrode metal railing/ bridges! damage buildings! 1 statues/ automobiles/ structures made of stone/ metal/ historic buildings ‘The ways to overcome / solutions 1 SI: Use scrubbers (to clean up emissions from power stations and industrial plants) 1 ‘82: Use catalytic converters (to clean up emissions from vehicle exhausts) 10m ‘Must have F, C, E and S (at least one point) Any 10 _ “tps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 148FORM 4: CHAPTER 9. TERENGGANU 2013 8(0) | Able fo explain the importance of sustainable management of tropical rainforest, ‘Sample answers F: (Sustainable development refers to) the measures ‘undertaken to ensure that human activity optimally utilize Barth’s natural resources such that they can be replenished naturally//suitable explanation Fl: Replanting trees in areas that have been logged// reforestation E1: to keep the ecosystems in their natural state (which provides aesthetic values for humans) // preserve natural resources for outdoor/ recreational activities// 1 eco-tourism // reduce stress// promote healthy life style E2: to maintain soil fertility 3: to prevent flood/ soil erosion / landslide! (muddy) flood 1 (Bash) flood EA; to avoid species extinction// to prevent extinction of 1 flora and fauna/ organisms/ species ES: As an economic resource!/ source of raw materials for ‘construction industry / piling / furniture / boats / houses! production of charcoal / tannin / food / other 1 suitable exemple // provide foods to human // resources for study / education / research Selective logging to maintain a balanced ecosystenv/ to allow maximum 1 interaction among the living organisms/ biotic factors (in the ecosystem) and interaction between biotic and abiotic factors E6: to maintain major sources of human food/ e.g: ulam/ fens! meats/ honey// sources of medicinal plant/ eg: herbs E7: to sustain food web/ food chain in the ecosystem 1 E8: to prevent disruption of natural cycle of water/ carbon/ 1 balance between photosynthesis and respiration/ balance oxygen and CO; in the atmosphere /! provide Oz reduce COz | i BD: to decrease the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere // to reduce the greenhouse effect/ global warming 1 es ——}$—_$_>—— ‘hups://rickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 149FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 TERENGGANU 2013 E10: 10 maintain the biodiversity of the forest maintaining increasing biodiversity / complexity / variety of organisms / species / flora and fauna E11: to avoid lost of wildlife/ potential resources B12: 0 avoid loss of watershed areas // provide natural ‘water catchment area E13: maintaining (normal) weather (patterns) by minimize climatic change / drought / harsh climate / maintain 10m temperature 1 E14 ; Asa site for breeding / feeding of flora and fauna / serving as valuable nursery area for organisms 1 ‘Must have F and any 10 I TOTAL 20M Page 150 ittps:/wickedbiology. wordpress.comTERENGGANU 2012 4% () Diagram 8.1 shows buman activites that causes one of an environmental » Rajah 8.1 merunjukkan akttviti manusia yang menyebabkan satu fenomena alam sekitar ‘Dagmen’. i) Roja 8.1 "Name phenomenon inthe Diggram 8.1 and describe how the human activities tha: ings maiet Rteomenon, Explain the impact ofthat phenomenon onthe ving environment ‘Namakan fenomena dalam Rajah 8.1 don hwaikan bogaimana kegiatan memsia ersebut, Teranghan impak fenomena tersebut kepada ‘enda hidup dan alom sekivar [10 marks) (0) Diagram 8.2 shows an setivity carried out near a residental area with the iatenion aes iin sa teh Peranahan dengon hast wil mesoercunten ene itu. vm Dingram 82 1 Rajah 8.2 U.you wee areaidat of the area, discuss the good and bad effet ofthe acivity ov human ‘ita onde pendudu di kawavan i, bincangtan kesan balk dan buruk ativtl ‘ersebut terhadap mamusia dan ekosistem 110 marks) “ps /nckedbiology wordpress.com Page 151FORM 4: CHAPTER 9. TERENGGANU 2012 Nuon Scoring Criteria Marks T” Be) | Able to name the phenomenon in the Diagram 8.1 : red answer’ Suggest | Depletion of ozone layer 1 { Able to describe how the human activities that causes the ‘Suggested answer 1 Pi: (The destruction of ozone layer is due to) CFC are used i ‘widely in daily activities/the increasing levels of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere P2: CFCs are used as coolants in air conditioners and /reftigerator 3: CFCs are used as propellants in aezosol cans | Pa: CECs are used as foaming agents in the making of styrofoam | packaging/in polystyrene food container i | Any | P5: CFCs used as foaming agents in making cusbions/pillow 1 ‘marks 1 ‘Able to explain the impacts of that phenomenon on the living | things and environment ‘Suggested answer (Che impact of ozone depletion are very severe). Fl:Allows excessive ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth// ‘Prolonged exposure to ylkraviolet radiation can lead to higher risk of : Environment PI: increase in surrounding/earth temperature 2: climate ond weather patterns changes due to change in wind directions//rainfall Plants : destruction/decreases of the storaata and chlorophyll (in the | “Seaves) reduces photosynthesis rate. yt i 4: the yield of crop and livestock reduced/ . i Avy S j damage of crops due to over exposure 10 UV PS: damage of phytoplanktons/plankton in the food chain © Sroatks | ‘Human health j PT: skin cancer,such as melanoma//sunburn P8: causes cataract//iritation of eye//damages eyesight P9: weakened the human immune system mark 1! Max 10 eS eel Attps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 152FORM. IAPTER, TERENGGAN| 12 WE) _ | Able to discuss the good and bad effects of the activity on the human and ecosystem Able to mame the activity. Sampie answer: Deforestation 1 “Able to diseuss the good effect of development Sample answer: i: Build / Develop residence to accommodate the increase in 1 ‘population. 2: Industrial / agriculture /fectory to increase job opportunities / | 1 Increase the income. 3: Develop road system to shorten travelling time /reduce waffic | 1 | Any4 | jam, 4inarks : Restructuring of infrastructure facilities / upgrade the 1 infrastructure Jcan give examples | ‘Able to diseuss the bad effect of development j le answer: Fact Explanation Fi; Causes land 0 be El: Flash flood’? } | exposed to agents of landslides//shallowing of : i: erosion/fhe lost of nutrient | rivers/finfertle soil’ i 2 | resources//the lost of Joosen soil suuctire/isoil catchment ares fos the rain | erosion [water Fa: Destroy natural Ez: Extinction of organiam | habits of organisms? | /Ahe lost of certain animal. | 2 6 destroy the ecosystem of | and plant species ‘organisms _| F3: Causes the increasing | E3: Green house effec? | of carbon dioxide content | temperature incressel/ ; 2 in atmosphere | slobal warming | Max 10 i Tora | 20 aS Attps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 153FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 :_ SBP 2012 9 (@) Diagram 9.1 shows one benefit of bacteria to human life. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan satu kebaikan bakteria kepada kehidupan manusia. ” x Gu R CL Recombinant DNA DNA rekombinan Diagram 9.1 Rajah 9.1 (Based on Diagram 9.1, describe the use bacteria in producing insulin. Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1, huraikan kegunaan bakteria dalam menghasilkan insulin, {5 marks} _ [5 markah} (Gi) Explain how the following microorganisms are useful in medicinal field Terangkan bagaimana mikroorganisma berikut berguna dalam bidang perubatan, = Penicillium notatum = Dead or weakened virus Virus mati atau dilemahkan [5 marks] [5 markah] ‘httpsi/jwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 154FORM 4: CHAPTER 9 __SBP 2012 (®) Diagram 9.2 shows the impact of human activity on environment. Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan impak aktiviti manusia ke atas alam sekitar. Diagram 9.2 Rajah 9.2 Based on Diagram 9.2, discuss the good and bad effects of the human activity. Berdasarkan Rajah 9.2, bincangkan kebaikan dan keburukan aktiviti manusia itu. [10 marks] [10 markah} See Aitps//wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 155FORM 4: Cl SBP 2012 No Criteria @@ “Able to describe the use bacteria in producing insulin ple answer: * Genetic engineering = (Segment of) DNA / gene / gene code * for insulin production * taken from human cell / pancreas ® insert into bacteria = form bacteria DNA recombinant Culture / mitosis / binary fission * Forms more bacteria (DNA recombinant) * Synthesis insulin * Extraction of insulin © Use to treat diabetics (Any 5) @w@ “Able fo explain how the microorganisms are useful in medicinal field. Sample answer: * Penicillium notatum is a fungus » Produces antibiotics = Kill /fight / prevent growth of other microorganisma Treat disease such as gonorhoea / syphilis / lungs infection (Any 2) * Suspension of dead or weakened called vaccine ® Injected into human / blood. * Stimulates lymphocytes * Produce antibody = Kills / fights / neutralises toxins / chemicals = Immune to chicken pox / rubella / tuberculosis, (Any 3) © ‘Able to discuss the good and bad effects of the human activity. Sample answer Good effect: * Produce goods / materials / any examples © Use in daily life ‘© Motor vehicles for transport (Any 2) Bad effects: * Releases sulphur dioxide / nitrogen dioxide * Dissolve in atmospheric water vapour = Forms sulphurie acid /nitrie acid /acid = Down pour as acid rain * Dissolves minerals in soil = Less fertile for plant growth «Releases poisonous chemicals / aluminium // other examples = Water in rivers / lakes lower pH Upsets ecological balance * Death of planktons / flora / fauna * Destruction of food chain / web * Extinction of species * Acid cause leaves turn purple / death * Destroy marbles / buildings // other examples (Any 8) TOTAL 20 Page 156