NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

PED143 Distribution System Analysis

7.4 Refer to Figure 7.11. 100

The substation transformer is rated 24 MVA, 230 kV delta-13.8 kV wye. Three single-phase Type B
regulators are connected in wye. The equivalent line impedance between the regulators and the load
center node is

Zline = 0.264 + j0.58 /mile

The distance to the load center node is 10,000 ft.

a) Determine the appropriate PT and CT ratios.

El regulador esta en conexin wye en el lado secundario del transformador de Subestacin entonces
utilizamos el voltaje lnea tierra para determinar el voltaje primario del PT
13800
= =
3

Page 1 of 16
 = = 120
13800
( )
3
= = 66.3953
120

La corriente secundaria nominal de transformador definir la corriente nominal primaria del CT, y la
secundaria ser la estandarizada de 5 A secundarios
24000000
= = 1004,08
3 13800
= = 1000
= = 5
1000
= = 200
5

b) Determine the R and X settings in Ohms and volts for the compensator circuit.

L= 10,000 ft.

10000
La impedancia de line es: ZL = (0.264 + 0.58 ) = 0.5 + 1.0985
5280

1000
+ = (0.5 + 1.0985 ) = (0.5 + 1.0985 ) = 7.5307 + 16.5448 []
66.3953

7.5307 + 16.5448
+ = = 1.5061 + 3.3090[]
5

c) The substation is serving a balanced three-phase load of 16 MVA, 0.9 lagging power factor
when the output line-to-line voltages of the substation are balanced 13.8 kV and the
regulators are set in the neutral position. Assume the voltage level is set at 121 V and a
bandwidth of 2 V. Determine the final tap position for each regulator (they will be the same).
The regulators have a total of 32 steps (16 raise and 16 lower) with each step changing the
voltage by 5/8%.

Calculo de corriente circulante por la lnea

16000000
= 25.84 = 669.3916 25.84
3 13800
Corriente en el compensador

669.3916 25.84
= = 3.3470 25.84
200

La entrada de voltaje en el compensador es de

= 120 0
La cada de voltaje en el circuito del compensador es

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 = (1.5061 + 3.3090)[] (3.0123 + 1.4588) = 9.3640 + 7.7706
= 12.1683 39.68
El voltaje a travs del rel
= = 120 9.3640 + 7.7706 = 110.64 7.7706 []
= 110.91 4.0175

El nivel de voltaje esta ajustado en 121 con un Bandwindth de 2V entonces el regulador se ajustara
en el tap para el voltaje en la carga este entre 120 y 122 V
120 110.91
= = 12,12
0.75
La posicin final del Tap ser la+ 12
El radio de regulacin ser = 1 0.00625 12 = 0.925

d) What would be the regulator tap settings for a load of 24 MVA, 0.9 lagging power factor with
the output voltages of the substation transformer are balanced three-phase 13.8 kV.

Calculo de corriente circulante por la lnea

24000000
= 25.84 = 1004.1 25.84
3 13800
Corriente en el compensador

1004.1 25.84
= = 5.0205 25.84
200

La entrada de voltaje en el compensador es de

= 120 0
La cada de voltaje en el circuito del compensador es

= (1.5061 + 3.3090)[] (4.5184 2.1884) = 14.0464 + 11.6551

= 18.2522 39.68
El voltaje a travs del rel
= = 120 9.3640 + 7.7706 = 106.592 6.277

El nivel de voltaje est ajustado en 121 con un Bandwindth de 2V entonces el regulador se ajustara
en el tap para el voltaje en la carga este entre 120 y 122 V
120 106.592
= = 17.876
0.75
La posicin final del Tap ser la+ 16 mxima posicin
El radio de regulacin ser = 1 0.00625 16 = 0.9

e) What would be the load center voltages for the load of part (d)?

= = 0.9

Page 3 of 16
 1
= = 1.1111


= = 8133.10

= = 903.67 25.84

El voltaje en el centro de la carga VLC

= 8133.10 (0.5 + 1.0985 ) 8903.67 25.84 = 8043.6 4.967

Problem # 2. (20 points)

8.11 Three single-phase transformers are connected in an ungrounded wyedelta connection and
serving an unbalanced delta connected load. The transformers are rated:

Page 4 of 16
 Phase A: 15 kVA, 2400240 V, Z = 1.3 + j1.0%
Phase B: 25 kVA, 2400240 V, Z = 1.1 + j1.1%
Phase C: same as phase A transformer

The transformers are connected to a balanced source of 4.16 kV line to line. The primary currents
entering the transformer are

IA = 4.60 A, 0.95 lagging power factor

IB = 6.92 A, 0.88 lagging power factor
IC = 5.37 A, 0.69 lagging power factor
Se determina las matrices generalizadas del banco de transformadores GRYD, se emple el script
Problema2
Se obtiene la impedancia base de cada transformador, se obtiene la impedancia en Ohm
= 15000 VA
= 25000 VA
= 15000VA
= 2400
= 240

= = 10

2
= ( ) = 3.84

2
= ( ) = 2.3040


= (1.3 + ) = 0.0499 + 0.0384
100
= ;

= (1.1 + 1.1 ) = 0.0253 + 0.0253
100

0.0667 0.0333 0
= [ 0 0.0667 0.0333]
0.0333 0 0.0667

= (3);
= (3);
= [, 0,0; 0, , 0; 0,0, ]
= (1/3) [2,1,0; 0,2,1; 1,0,2];
= [1, 1,0; 0,1, 1; 1,0,1];
= [1,0, 1; 1,1,0; 0, 1,1];
= (1/3) [1, 1,0; 1,2,0; 2, 1,0];
= (^ 1)
= (^ 1)
=
=
=
= (3)

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a) Determine the primary line-to-neutral voltages. Select VAB as reference.
4.160
= [4.16 120]
4.16120

1 2 1 0
= [0 2 1]
3
1 0 2
2.0800 1.2009 2.4018 30
= = = [2.0800 1.2009 ] = [2.4018 150]
0.0000 + 2.4018 2.401890

b) Determine the line currents entering the delta-connected load.

3.0664 3.4289 4.6 48.19
= [6.9172 0.1983 ] = [6.92 178.35]
3.8869 + 3.7053 5.3743.63
0.0821 0.7134 71.81 96.56
= = [0.9984 + 0.3231 ] 100 = [ 104.93162.06 ]
1.0804 + 0.3904 114.8719.86

c) Determine the line-to-line voltages at the load.

237.4466 30.2319
= 1 = [237.8024 150.1711]
236.836090.1252

d) Determine the operating kVA of each transformer.

Se determina por multiplicacin de corriente circulante en cada devanado secundario el

voltaje secundario de cada transformador.

Primero determino corriente en devanados secundario conectado en delta

30.6636 34.2892
= () = [69.1716 1.9833 ]
38.8686 + 37.0530

237.4466 30.2319 30.6636 34.2892

SopT=VLLabc*IDabc=[237.8024 150.1711] [69.1716 1.9833 ] =
236.836090.1252 38.8686 + 37.0530
10.92317.96
[16.45628.16]
12.71846.49

Page 6 of 16
 kVA transformador A= 10.923 kVA, 0.9513 lagging power factor
kVA transformador B = 16.456 kVA, 0.8814 lagging power factor
kVA transformador C = 12.718 kVA, 0.6884 lagging power factor

e) Is it possible to determine the load currents in the delta-connected load? If so, do it. If not,
why not?

No es posible calcular las corrientes de carga en el delta puesto que no se ha presentado una
transformacin de corrientes de lnea a corrientes entre fases la carga.

Problem # 3. (20 points)

8.12 The three transformers of Problem 8.11 are serving an unbalanced delta-connected load of

Sab = 10 kVA, 0.95 lagging power factor

Sbc = 20 kVA, 0.90 lagging power factor
Sca = 15 kVA, 0.8 lagging power factor

Page 7 of 16
The transformers are connected to a balance 4160 line-to-line voltage source. Determine the load
voltages and the primary and secondary line currents for the following transformer connections:

Ungrounded wyedelta connection

Se emplea el script Problema3YD

Grounded wyedelta connection

Se emplea el script Problema3GRYD

Page 8 of 16
 Open wyeopen delta connection, where the transformer connected to phase C has been
removed.
Se emplea el script Problema3OPENGRYV

Problem # 4 (20 points)

Page 9 of 16
10.1 For the system described at Page 371 of Kerstings book, and assuming that the regulators are in
the neutral position:

Para los clculos se emplea el script Problema4 y la funcin denominada GeneralizedMatricesL

a) Determine the forward and backward sweep matrices for the substation transformer and the
line segment.

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Calculo de matrices generalizadas de linea
function [a, b, c, d, A, B] = GeneralizedMatricesL(zabc, yabc, L, NoPh)
a=eye(NoPh)+(1/2)*(zabc*L)*(yabc*L);
b=zabc*L;
c=(yabc*L)+(1/4)*(yabc*L)*(zabc*L)*(yabc*L);
d=eye(NoPh)+(1/2)*(zabc*L)*(yabc*L);
A=a^-1;
B=A*b;

Calculo de matrices generalizadas de transformador

TRANSFORMADOR

Page 11 of 16
Potencia transformador de la Subestacin
= 5000000

= 69000

= 4160
69000
= 3 ( 4160 ) = 28.7287

4160 2
= = 3.4611
5000000
1.5 + 8
= = 0.0519 + 0.2769
100
0.0519 + 0.2769 0 0
= [ 0 0.0519 + 0.2769 0 ]
0 0 0.0519 + 0.2769
= (1/) [1,0, 1; 1,1,0; 0, 1,1];
= ;
= (/3) [0,2,1; 1,0,2; 2,1,0];
= ;
= (1/) [1, 1,0; 0,1, 1; 1,0,1];
0 0 0
= [0 0 0]
0 0 0

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b) Use the modified ladder technique to determine the line-to-ground voltages at node 3. Use a
tolerance of 0.0001 per unit. Give the voltages in actual values in volts and on a 120 V base.

Page 13 of 16
Problem # 5 (20 points)

10.2 For the system described at Page 371 of Kerstings book, three type B step-voltage regulators
are installed in a wye connection at the substation in order to hold the load voltages (node 3) at a
voltage level of 121 V and a bandwidth of 2 V.

a) Compute the actual equivalent line impedance between nodes 2 and 3.

= 0.75
0.4576 + 1.0780 0.1560 + 0.5017 0.1535 + 0.3849
= [0.1560 + 0.5017 0.4666 + 1.0482 0.1580 + 0.4236 ] /
0.1535 + 0.3849 0.1580 + 0.4236 0.1580 + 0.4236

0.3432 + 0.8085 0.1170 + 0.3763 0.1151 + 0.2887

= = [0.1170 + 0.3763 0.3499 + 0.7862 0.1185 + 0.3177 ]
0.1151 + 0.2887 0.1185 + 0.3177 0.3461 + 0.7988
1
= ( + + ) = 0.3464 + 0.7978
3
1
= ( + + ) = 0.1169 + 0.3276
3

11 = 22 = = (0.2296 + 0.4703 )

b) Use a potential transformer ratio of 2400-120 V and a current transformer ratio of 500: 5 A.
Determine the R and X compensator settings calibrated in volts and Ohms. The settings must
be the same for all three regulators.

= 500
= 5
= 2400
= 120
= 2400/120 = 20

500
+ = (0.2296 + 0.4703 ) = (0.2296 + 0.4703 )
20
= 5.7388 + 11.7569 []

5.7388 + 11.7569
+ = = 1.1478 + 2.3514[]
5

Page 14 of 16
 c) For the load conditions of Problem 10.1 and with the regulators in the neutral position,
compute the voltages across the voltage relays in the compensator circuits.

Calculo de corriente circulante por la lnea

16000000
= 25.84 = 669.3916 25.84
3 13800
Corriente en el compensador

345.259 96.3433
= = 3.45 96.3433
100

216.601 151.968
= = 2.16 151.968
100
392.897 35.542
= = 3.92 35.542
100

La entrada de voltaje en el compensador es de

2331.63 61.6314
= = 116.5816 61.6314
20
2364.15 178.845
= = 118.2091178.845
20
2339.92 57.7814
= = 116.994457.7814
20

La cada de voltaje en el circuito del compensador es

= 1.1478 + 2.3514[] 3.45 96.3433 = 9.0340 32.3617

= 1.1478 + 2.3514[] 2.16 151.968 = 5.6674 144.0488
= 1.1478 + 2.3514[] 3.92 35.542 = 10.2804 99.5237

El voltaje a travs del rel

108.7906 63.9569
= = [ 113.7407177.1213 ]
109.537754.1993

d) Determine the appropriate tap settings for the three regulators to hold the node 3 voltages at
121 V in a bandwidth of 2 V.

El nivel de voltaje est ajustado en 121 con un Bandwindth de 2V entonces el regulador se ajustara
en el tap para el voltaje en la carga este entre 120 y 122 V
120 108.7906
= = 14.9459 + 15
0.75
120 113.7407
= = 8.3458 + 8
0.75
120 109.5377
= = 13.9497 + 14
0.75

Page 15 of 16
 e) With the regulators taps set, compute the actual load voltages on a 120 V base.

1 0.00625 15 0 0 0.9063 0 0
El radio de regulacin ser = [ 0 1 0.00625 8 0 ] = [ 0 0.9500 0 ]
0 0 1 0.00625 14 0 0 0.9125

1 0.00625 15 0 0 1.1034 0 0
= [ 0 1 0.00625 8 0 ] = [ 0 1.0526 0 ]
0 0 1 0.00625 14 0 0 1.0959

Se resolvi con el script Problema5flujo

Submission
After completing your work, make sure to
1. Submit via email your report (Exam2_LastName_FirstName.docx), and all associated files by Sunday
midnight July 17, 2016. After this time you will have graded zero.
2. Submit a hard copy of your exam on July 22, 2016.

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