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AMath026 UWO
UWO Study
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Sheet
1.0 Complex Numbers
Definition of Complex Numbers
i 2 = 1 or i = 1
Re ( z ) = Re ( x + yi ) = x , Im ( z ) = Im ( x + yi ) = y
The Modulus
w = a + ib = a 2 + b2
The Argument
If the line from the origin to the point ( a, b ) makes an angle with
the real axis, then we call an argument of the complex number
w = a + ib .
arg ( w ) = arg ( a + ib ) =
w = w cos + i w sin
When the only information you have been given is the cartesian coordinates of the point,
try the following steps:
Step 1: Plot the point ( a, b ) in an argand diagram
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with the real line. = tan 1 --- .
a
w = a ib
wz = ( ax by ) + ( ay + bx )i
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z rstudy
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---- = ---- [ cos ( sheet
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2
z2 r2
de Moivers Theorem
Eulers Identity
e i = cos + i sin
e i e i e i + e i
sin = ---------------------
- cos = ---------------------
-
2i 2
Step 2: Let y = f ( x )
Double-angle Formulas:
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freecosstudy
study sheet
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2t = cos t sin t
and practice
practice tests
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2
at: 2
cos 2t = 2 cos2 t 1
cos 2t = 1 2 sin2 t
cos2 t = 1----------------------
+ cos 2t-
2
1 cos 2t
sin2 t = ----------------------
2
cos ( A + B ) = cos A cos B sin A sin B sin ( A + B ) = sin A cos B + sin B cos A
tan A + tan B-
tan ( A + B ) = --------------------------------
1 tan A tan B
Inverse-Trig Functions:
---,
sin 1 x is restricted to --- and is:
2 2
sin 1 x = 0 if x = 0
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tan 1 x is restricted to
---
--- and is:
2 , 2
tan 1 x = 0 if x = 0
f(x) L
5. Limit of a quotient: lim ---------- = -----
x ag ( x ) M
2. If you are working with a quotient, try factoring the top and bottom, and see if anything
cancells out.
3. If you are working with a quotient and you are taking the limit of x , try dividing
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both top and bottom of the function by the highest power of x.
4. If you are working with absolute values, then try breaking the limit into two one-sided
limits.
5. If you are working with a quotient, and factoring does not work, then see whether the
LHopitals rule will work.
6. If you are working with trigs, then you may try the squeeze theorem.
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f ( x ) f( a)
f' ( a ) = lim ------------------------
-
xa xa
f(x)
d ---------- g ( x )f' ( x ) f ( x )g' ( x ) g x
-, ( ) 0
= ------------------------------------------------
d x g( x) [ g ( x )] 2
4. d ( tan x ) = sec2 x 5. d ( e x ) = e x 6. d ( ln x ) = --
1-
dx dx dx x
d x d 1 d 1
7. ( a ) = a x ln a 8. ( sin 1 x ) = ------------------ 9. ( cos 1 x ) = ------------------
dx dx d x
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10. ( tan 1 x ) = --------------
dx 1 + x2
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