Example 2.12.

A DC Series motor is driving a fan load, whose torque varies as cube of the
speed. The total armature and series field resistance is 1 ohm. It takes 10A from 200V
mains and runs at 1000 rpm. Find the resistance to be connected in series with the motor to
2
make it run at 800 rpm solution. Ta Ia Ia situation.

The total armature and series field resistance = 1 ohm

Terminal voltage 200V
Speed at 10A 1000 rpm
Given, load torque T2 N 3
Ia 2 N 3
Ia12 N13
ie
Ia 22 N 23

I 02 10003
,80 I a 2 7.155 A
Ia 22 8003
Eb1 200 10 1 190V
Eb N IaN
Eb1 Ia N
Ie 1 1
Eb2 Ia2 N 2
190 10x1000
, 80 I a 2 7.155A
Eb 2 7.155 800
Eb2 200 Ia2 (1 R )
Where R is the resistance to be connected in series with the motor to make it run at
800 rpm.
i.e. 108.756 = 200 7.55 x (1+R)
So, Additional resistance, R = 11.75 ohms

Example 2.13. A 250V shunt motor takes 5A at no load. The resistance of the armature
and field circuit are 0.25 and 125 respectively. If the motor is loaded so as to carry 50A,
determine (i) iron loss and friction losses and (ii) efficiency
Solution:- Given data
Terminal voltage. V = 250V
No load current 10 = 5A
Armature resistance, Ra = 0.25
Yield resistance, Rsh = 125

At no load, the power developed in the armature is equal to the iron and friction losses
armature curloss and shunt field copper loss.
Ans:- (1) Input power = VIL = 250x5 = 1250W
250
Ioh 2A,So Ia 5 2 3A
125
Armature copper loss at no load Ia 2 Ra 32 0.25
=2.25W
2 2
Field copper loss = Ish Rsh 2 125
= 500W
Iron and friction losses = 1250 (2.25 + 500)
= 747.75W
Ans (ii) Armature current, when load current is 50A = 50-2 = 48A
80, Armature copper loss = 482 x Ra = 482 x 0.25
= 576 watts
Constant losses = Iron and frictional loss + Shunt field copper loss
=747.75 +500 = 1247.75W
Total loss = 576 + 1247.75 = 1823.75 watts

Input power = 250x50 = 12500 watts

Output power = Input power Total loss
= 12500 1823.75
= 10676.25 watts

Output power 10076.25

Efficiency
Input Power 12500
= 85.41%

Example 2.14. A DC Shunt motor takes 23A at 230V and has an armature resistance of 0.5
and shunt field resistance of 115 . If total mechanical and magnetic losses together
are 160W calculate (i) field copper loss, (ii) armature copper loss (iii) total loss (iv) motor
input (v) motor input (v) motor output and (vi) motor efficiency solution:
Current data
Line current (Ia) = 23A
Terminal voltage V = 230V
Armature resistance, Ra = Ra = 0.5
Shunt field resistance, Rsh = 115
Total mechanical and magnetic losses = 160 watts = 160 watts
=losses and
iron losses
V 230
Ans Shunt field current, Ish 2A
Rsh 115
Armature current, I a I1 I sh 23 2 21A
Field copper loss, I sh 2 Rsh 22 15 460W
Ans (ii) Armature copper loss, I a 2R 212 0.5 220.5W

Ans (iii) Total loss = Total copper losses + magnetic and mechanical losses = 680.5 + 160 =
840.5 watts
Ans (iv) Motor input = VI = 230x23 = 5290 Watts
Ans (v) Motor output = Motor input = losses = 5290 840.5 = 4449.5W
Ans (vi) Motor efficiency, y = (4449.5/5290)x100
= 84.11%

Example 2.15. A four pole 220V DC series motor has a wave connected armature with 1200
conductors. The flux per pole is 20x10-3 wb, when the motor is drawing a current of 46A.
Iron and friction losses are 900W. Armature and series field resistances are 0.25 and
0.15 respecttievely. Find (i) the speed (ii) total terque (iii) shift power (iv) shelf terque and
(v) the efficiency

Solution :- given data

Applied voltage, V=220 V
Current in the amature, Ia = 46A
Number of conductors, z = 1200
Flux per pole, 20 10 wb
Iron and friction losses = 900W
Armature resistance, Ra = 0.25
Series field resistance, Rsc = 0.15
Back emf, Eb = V-Ia (Ra + Rse)
= 220-46(0.25+0.15)
= 201.6
(Ans (i) Back emf of the DC motor is given by the relation
zn P
Eb
60 A
60 Eb A 60 201.6 2
So speed N
z P 20
= 252 rpm
P I a Z
Ans (ii) Total torque, Ta 0.159
A
0.159 4 20 103 46 1200

2
Ans (iii) Mechanical power developed Eb I a
= 201.6 x 4b
=9273.6W
Iron and friction losses = 900W
Out[ut = 8373.6W
8373.6
Shaft power 8.374kw
1000
2NTsh
Ans (iv) Output
60
output 60 60 8373.6
Tsh
2N 2 252
=317.2 Nm
Ans (v) Input to the motor = 220x46 = 10120W
output
Efficiency, 100
input
8373.6
100
10120
=82.74%

Example 2.16. A 660V DC series motor runs at 550 rpm and takes 50A when on full load.
The armature resistance is 0.25 , the field resistance is 0.15 and the sum of the iron,
friction and windage losses is 2.1kw. Calculate (i) the full load output power, (ii) shaft
torque and (iii) efficiency
Given data
Terminal voltage, V = 660V
Speed at 50A current = 550rpm
Armature resistance, Ra = 0.25
Series field resistance, Rse = 0.15
Total magnetic and mechanical
Losses = 2.1 x 1000
= 2100 watts
Ans (i) Armature copper loss
and field copper iron Ia 2 Re Rse
502 0.25 0.15
= 1000 watts
So, Total loss = 2100 + 1000 = 3100 Watts
Motor input power = V x 1L = 660 x 50 = 33000 watts
Full load motor output = 33000 3100 = 29900 Watts
output
(ii) Shaft torque, Tsh 9.55
N
9.55 29900
519 Nm
550
 29900
(iii) Motor efficiency, 100 90.6%
33000

Example 2.17. A 500V DC shunt motor takes a current of 5A at no load. The resistances of
the armature and field circuit are 0.2 and respectively. Find the efficiency when
loaded and taking a current of 125A and percentage change of speed.
Solution: Given data
Terminal voltage, V = 500V
Line current, 1L = 6A
Armature resistance, Ra = 0.2
Field resistance, Rsh = 300
Case I no load condition
V 500
Shunt field current Ish 1.67 A
Rsh 300
Armature current, Ia = IL 1sh = 3.33A.
Armature copper loss, Ia2Ra = 3.332x0.2 = o.5W
No load input power = 500x5 = 2500W
Constant losses = No load input armature copper loss
= 2500 0.5
= 2499.5 Watts.
Case 2 Loaded condition
Line current, IL 125A
Armature current, Ia = 125-1.67 = 123.33A
Armature copper loss = 123.32x0.2
= 3042 Watts
Motor input power = 500x125
= 62500 Watts
Motor output power = 62500 (3042+2499.5)
= 56958.5 Watts
Efficiency, = 91.13%
Eb
Motor speed N

N2 Eb2 1
So,
N 1 Eb1 2
For Dc shunt motor 1 2

N 2 Eb2
Then
N1 Eb1
Eb1 500 5 0.2 499V
Eb2 500 125 0.2 475V
N1 499
So
N 2 475
N1 N 2 N 475
Ie 1 2 1
N1 N1 499
= 0.048

N N2
Percentage change in speed, 1 100
N1
0.0.48 100
=4.8%
 Load test on a DC motor
Theory:
This a direct method of testing a DC machine. It is a simple method of measuring motor
output. Speed and efficiency etc. At different load conditions. A rope is wound round the
pulley and its two ends are attached to two spring balances S1 and S2. The tension of the
rope can be adjusted with the help of swivels.
The force acting tangentially on the pulley is equal to the difference between the
readings of the two spring balances in Kg force.
The induced voltage Eb = V.............
Where V = applied voltage
Ia = armature current
Ra = armature resistance
Total power input to the motor Pin = field circuit power + Armature power = .............
If r is the radius of the pulley, then torque at the pulley is given by
..............................
Motor output power P out = T......................
% Efficiency ............
A DC shunt motor rotates due to the torque developed in the armature when the armature
and field terminals are connected to the DC supply. The direction of rotation can be
explained with help of Flemings left hand principle.
A counter emf or back emf (Eb) is induced in the armature conductors while the
armature (rotor) rotating in the magnetic field. The direction of the induced emf can be
explained with the help of Flemings right hand principle and Lenzs law. The direction this
induced emf is such that it opposes the applied voltage (V). This induced emf is also called
as back emf Eb.
The equation of the motor is V = ..................
Where Eb = .................
The value of Eb is zero while starting the motor. Hence, the voltage across the armature
jas to be increased gradually.
The power developed in the rotor (armature) =...........
Where ......................... is the angular velocity of the pulley, in rad/sec.
In a DC motor T a ........
Where ....= Flux produced by the shunt field per pole
Ia = Armature current
The torque developed in the motor is opposed by the torques due to \(a) Friction and
windage
(b) Eddy currents and hysteresis and
(c) Mechanical load connected at the shaft
The motor runs at a stable speed when the developed torque and resisting torques balance
each other
Let a small load be increased, and then the resisting torque increases and motor speed falls
The back emf reduces due to the fall in the speed. Hence, the armature current increases.
(Ia=................. is assumed constant. (i.e., neglecting the armature reaction) the torque
developed by the motor increases and a new stable speed is reaches at which the developed
torque equals the resisting torque.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
FUSE RATIN NAME PLATE DETAILS
12% Ox rated current Rated Voltage : 220V
............................. Rated Current : 21A
Rated Power : 35KW
Rated Speed : 1500 RPM

Fig circuit diagram to conduct load test

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. After checking the no load condition, and minimum field rheostat position, DPST
switch is closed and starter resistance is gradually removed.
3. The motor is brought to its rated speed by adjusting the field rheostat.
4. 4. Ammeter, Voltmeter reading, speed and spring balance readings are noted under
no load condition.
5. The load is then added to the motor gradually and for each load, voltmeter,
ammeter, spring balance readings and speed of the motor are noted.
6. The motor is then brought to no load condition and field rheostat to minimum
position, then DPST switch is opened.
7.
Brake drum arrangement of DC motor to conduct load test
Steps to calculate efficiency from load test
R=