Solution Manual Mechanics J L Mariam

Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.
Cell#03338189587
By
Khalid Yousaf
BS(Continue)Civil Engineering
The University of Lahore.
Solution manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore .fb:khalid03456496268@yahoo.com
Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore. Cell#03338189587
What is Mechanics?
Mechanics is the physical science which deals with the effects of forces on objects.
The subject of mechanics is logically divided into two parts: statics,which concerns the
equilibrium of bodies under action of forces, and dynamics, which concerns the motion of
bodies.
BASIC CONCEPTS
The following concepts and definitions are basic to the study of mechanics, and they should
be understood at the outset.
Space is the geometric region occupied by bodies whose positions are described by linear
and angular measurements relative to a coordinate system. For three-dimensional problems,
three independent coordinates are needed. For two-dimensional problems, only two
coordinates are required.
Time is the measure of the succession of events and is a basic quantity in dynamics. Time is
not directly involved in the analysis of statics problems.
Mass is a measure of the inertia of a body, which is its resistance to a change of velocity.
Mass can also be thought of as the quantity of matter in a body. The mass of a body affects
the gravitational attraction force between it and other bodies. This force appears in many
applications in statics.
Force is the action of one body on another. A force tends to move a body in the direction of
its action. The action of a force is characterized by its magnitude, by the direction of its
action, and by its point of application. Thus force is a vector quantity..
A particle is a body of negligible dimensions. In the mathematical sense, a particle is a body
whose dimensions are considered to be near zero so that we may analyze it as a mass
concentrated at a point. We often choose a particle as a differential element of a body. We
may treat a body as a particle when its dimensions are irrelevant to the description
of its position or the action of forces applied to it.
Rigid body. A body is considered rigid when the change in distance between any two of its
points is negligible for the purpose at hand. For instance, the calculation of the tension in the
cable which supports the boom of a mobile crane under load is essentially unaffected by the
small internal deformations in the structural members of the boom. For the purpose, then, of
determining the external forces which act on the boom, we may treat it as a rigid body.
Statics deals primarily with the calculation of external forces which act on rigid bodies in
equilibrium. Determination of the internal deformations belongs to the study of the
mechanics of deformable bodies, which normally follows statics in the curriculum.
PROBLEMS the scalar and vector

Introductory Problems components of F.
2/1 The force F has a magnitude of
800 N. Express F as a vector in terms
of the unit vectors i and j. Identify the x
and y scalar components of F.
Soln.
Step 1: Magnitude of force F=600 lb

Step 2: Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1: Free body Diagram
Step2:Ma
gnitude of
force
800N
x
Step3: Force vector
F=600cos30i - 600sin30j
F=520i 300j
component of force, Fx=-Fsin35o
Fx=-800sin35o Step 4:Scalar components of force
Fx=-459 N Along x-axis
y component of force, Fy=Fcos35o Fx=520 lb
Fy=800 cos35o Along y-axis
Fy=655 N Fy= -300 lb
Force vector, F=(-459i-655j)N
Step5:Vector components of force
2/2 The magnitude of the force Along x-axis
F is 600 N. Express F as a Fx=520i lb
vector in terms of the unit
Along y-axis
vectors i and j. Identify both
Fy= -300j lb
2/3 The slope of the 4.8-kN force

F is specified as shown in the
figure. Express F as a vector in
terms of the
unit vectors i and j.
Soln.
Step1:
Magnitude of force F=4800 lb
Position of point A= -15i-20j
Soln. Position of point B=30i+10j
Step1:Free body diagram Step2: Free body diagram
Step2:
Magnitude of force, F=4.8 kN Stpe3:
3 Position vector of AB, AB=OB OA
Unit vector of force, n= - 5 i- AB=45i+30j
4 Magnitude of AB, AB = 452 +302
5 j = 54.08
Force vector F= F n in
3 4
F=4.8(- i- AB
5 5 Unit vector of AB, n= AB
j)
=(-2.88i-3.84j)kN 45 i+30 j
2/4 The line of action of the 9.6- =
54.08
kN force F runs through the points
A and B as shown in the figure. 2/5 A cable stretched between
Determine the x and y scalar the fixed supports A and B is
components of F. under a tension T of 900 lb.
Express the tension as a vector
using the unit vectors i and j,
first, as a forceTA acting on A and
second, as a force TB acting on B.
Soln.
Soln.
Stpe1:
Magnitude of force F=1800 N
3
Unit vector of force, n= - 5 i-
4
5 j
Force vector F= F n
3
F=1800(- 5 i-
4
5 j)
Step2: =-1080iN-1440jN
Magnitude of tension in cable AB, T = 900 2/7 The two structural members, one
lb of which is in tension and the other in
compression, exert the indicated
2 forces on joint O. Determine the
Unit vector of AB=nAB= i
2 +32
2 magnitude of the resultant R of the two
forces and the angle which R makes
3 with the positive x-axis.
- j
2 +32
2
nAB =
0.832i - 0.55j
TA= TA nAB
TA=900(0.832i - 0.55j)
TA=(749i-
499j)lb
But TA= - TB
=-(749i-499j)lb
=(-749i+499j)lb
Soln.
2/6 The 1800-N force F is applied Step1: Free body Diagram
to the end of the I beam. Express
F as a vector using the unit
vectors i and j.
x-components of resultant force

Rx= Fx Soln.
Rx= -3cos60o-2cos30o Step1: Free body Diagram
Rx= -3.23 kN
y-components of resultant force
Ry= Fy
Ry= 3sin60o+2 sin30o
Ry= -1.598 kN
Magnitude of the resultant force
R= R +R2
x
2
y
R= (3.23) + (1.598 )
2 2
R=3.6 kN
Step3:
Angle made by R Step2:
Rx F1=800 lb
=tan-1( R ) F2=425 lb
y
Given that the resultant force is
3.23 normal to x-axis.Therefore the x-
=tan-1( 1.598 )
component of resultant force is
=26o zero.
Angle made by R with positive Rx= Fx = 0
x-axis Rx= -425cos+800cos70o = 0
=180o+26o 800cos 70
o
=206o Cos=
425
2/8 Two forces are applied to the =49.90
construction bracket as shown. y-components of resultant force
Determine the angle which makes Ry= Fy
the resultant of the two forces vertical. Ry= -425sin49.9-800 sin70o
Determine the magnitude R of the Ry= -1070 lb
resultant.
R= R 2x + R2y
R= 02 + (1077 )2
R=1077 lb
Representative Problems
2/9 In the design of a control
mechanism, it is determined that rod
AB transmits a 260-N force P to the

crank BC. Determine the x and y Step2:magnitude of force F=260 N
scalar components of P. 5
= tan-1( )
Soln. 12
Step1: Free body Diagram =22.6o
Scalar components of force P along n
Pn=260 cos(30o-22.6o)
Pn=258 N
Scalar components of force P along t
Pt=260 sin(30o-22.6o)
Pt=33. 5N
2/11 The t-component of the force F is
known to be 75N. Determine the n-
component and the magnitude of F.
Step2:Magnitude of force P=260

N
12
Unit vector of force, n= - 13 i-
5
13 j
Force vector P= P n
12 Soln.
P=260(- 13 i-
5
13 j)
=-240iN-100jN
Scalar component of P along x
Px=-240 N
Scalar component of P along y
Py=-100 N
2/10 For the mechanism of Prob.
2/9, determine the scalar
components Pt and Pn of P which
are tangent and normal,
respectively, to crank BC. Step2: The t-component of the force
Soln. F,Ft=75 N.Let Fn be the n-component
Step1:Free body diagram of the force F
Ft=Fcos40o (1)
Fn=-Fsin (2)
Dividing equation (2) by (1)
Fn
o
F t =-tan40
Fn=-Ft tan40o
Fn=-75 tan40o
Fn=-62.9o
By equation (1)
Ft=Fcos40o
75=F cos40o Fn= -800 sin400

F=97.9 N Fn= -514 lb
2/12 A force F of magnitude 800 N is 2/13 The two forces shown act at
applied to point C of the bar AB as point A of the bent bar. Determine
shown. Determine both the x-y and the the resultant R of the two forces.
n-t components of F.
Step1:
Step1:
Free body diagram
Free body diagram
Step2:
Components of force F along x Step2:
x-components of resultant force
Fx= -800 cos200
Rx= Fx
Fx= -752 lb Rx= 7cos45o-3cos30o
Components of force F along y Rx= 2.35 kips
Fy= 800 sin200 y-components of resultant force
Fy= 274 lb Ry= Fy
Step3: Ry= -7sin60o+3 sin30o
Components of force along t Ry= -3.45 kips
Ft= -800 cos400 The resultant of the two forces is
R=Rxi+Ryj
Ft= -613 lb
R= (2.35i-3.45j)kips
Components of force along n
2/14 To satisfy design limitations

it is necessary to determine the
effect of the 2-kN tension in the
cable on the shear, tension, and
bending of the fixed I-beam. For
this purpose replace this force by
its equivalent of two forces at A,
Ft parallel and Fn perpendicular to
the beam. Determine Ft and Fn.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step
2:Magnitude of force F=120 lb
Tensile spring force be Fs
Since the horizontal component of R
is zero
F=Fs cos60o
Step2:
F=120 cos60o
Components of force along t F=60 lb
Ft= 2 cos(200+300) The resultant force
Ft=1.286 kN R=Fsin60o
Components of force along n R=120sin60o
Fn=2 sin(200+300) R=103.9 lb
Fn=1.532 kN 2/16 The ratio of the lift force L to
2/15 Determine the magnitude Fs of the drag force D for the simple
the tensile spring force in order that airfoil is L/D =10. If the lift force
the resultant of Fs and F is a vertical on a short section of the airfoil is
force. Determine the magnitude R of 200 N, compute the magnitude of
this vertical resultant force. the resultant force R and the
angle which it makes with the
horizontal.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Soln.
Step2:
Lift force L=50 lb
Ratio of the lift force to drag force
L
=10
D
50 Step2:
=10 By the law of sines
D
D=5 lb Fa 2
Magnitude of resultant force R = o = o
sin15 sin120
L2 + D 2 Fa=
sin 15
o
2
R= 52+ 502 sin120
o
R=50.2 lb Fa=0.598 kN
Step3: Fb 2
Angle made by the resultant with D o =
L sin 45 sin120 o
= tan-1( ) sin 45
o
D Fb= 2
o
50 sin120
= tan-1( ) Fb=1.633 kN
5
= 84.3o Step3:
2/17 Determine the components of the

2-kN force along the oblique axes a
and b. Determine the projections of F
onto the a- and b-axes.
Rb 800
=
sin30 sin 40
Rb= 622 N
Ra 800
=
sin110 sin 40
Ra= 1170 N
Step3:Let Pa be the orthogonal
projection of P onto a-axis
Let Pa and Pb be the projections of

force P along a and b.
Pa=2 cos45o
Pa=1.414 kN
Pb=2 cos15o
Pb=1.932 kN
2/18 Determine the scalar Step4:
components Ra and Rb of the Pa=R cos300
force R along the non rectan =800 cos300
-gular axes a and b. Also =693 N
determine the orthogonal 2/19 Determine the resultant R of the
projection Pa of R onto axis a. two forces shown by (a) applying the
parallelogram rule for vector addition
and (b) summing scalar components.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
By the law of sine
2/20 It is desired to remove the

spike from the timber by applying
force along its horizontal axis. An
obstruction A prevents direct
access, so that two forces, one
1.6 kN and the other P, are
applied by cables as shown.
Compute the magnitude of P
necessary to ensure a resultant T
directed along the spike. Also find
T.
Step2:(a)
From the law of cosines
R2=4002+6002 2(400)(600)cos1202
R2=760000
R2=872 N
Let be the angle made with the
vertical,then by the law of sines
600 872
sin
= o
sin120
=36.6o
Step3:(b)
x-components of resultant force Soln.
Rx= Fx Step1: Free body diagram
Rx=600cos30o
Rx=520 N
y-components of resultant force
Ry= Fy
Ry= -400-600sin30o
Ry=-700 N
R= R 2x + R2y
520 Step2: From figure
4
R= 1=tan-1( )
8
1=26.57o
R=872 N 6
2=tan-1( )
Angle made by R 8
Rx 2=36.87o
=tan-1( R ) =180o (1+2)
y
700 =180o (26.57o+36.87o)
=tan-1( 520 ) =116.56o
=53.4o By the law of sine
So the angle made by resultant P 400
sin 2 = sin 1
with the vertical
=90o-53.4o
=36.6o P= 537 lb
T P mm.When pin P is in the position

sin
= sin =30o determine the x- and y-
2
T= 800.541 lb components of the force which the
2/21 At what angle must the 800-N spring exerts on the pin. (The force in
force be applied in order that the a spring is given by F=kx, where x is
resultant R of the two forces has a the deflection from the unstretched
magnitude of 2000 N? For this length.)
condition, determine the angle
between R and the vertical.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Magnitude of the resultant force R=2000
lb
From the law of cosines Step2: Givent hat spring modulus
20002=14002+8002 2(1400) k=1.2 kN/m
(800)cos(180o-) Unstretched length of spring l =0.1m
But cos(180o-)=-cos Position of point A=0.06i+0.04j
Therefore Position of point P=0.08sin30i-
20002=14002+8002 + 2(1400)(800)cos 0.08cos30j
=51.3o P=0.04i-
From the law of sines 0.0693j
800 R Position vector PA=OA-OP
sin
= sin ( 180) PA=(0.06-0.04)i-[(0.04)-(-
0.0693)]j
sin ( 180) PA=0.02i+0.1093j
sin =R Magnitude of PA= 0.022+ 0.10932
800
=18.19o PA=0.1111m
2/22 The unstretched length of the PA
Unit vector nPA= PA
spring of modulus k =1.2 kN/m is 100
0.02

0.1093

n PA =
2

0.02i +0.1093 j

n PA =0.18i+0.984j
Magnitude of spring force F= Kx
Where x is change in length.
Step3:
x=PA- l
The coordinates of points A and P are
x =0.1111-0.1
A=(0.06i,0.04j)
x=0.0111m
P=(0.08 sin20oi-0.08cos20oj)
F=1.2 kN0.0111
P=(0.0274i-0.0752j)
F=13.32 N Hence the position vector PA is given
Step3: by
Spring force vector PA=OA-OP
F=F n PA PA=(0.06-0.0274)i + [0.04-(-0.0752]j
=13.32(0.18i+0.984j) PA=0.0326i+0.1152j
=(2.4i+13.1j) N The magnitude of the vector is given
x and y components of force are by
Fx=2.4 N 0.0326
Fy=13.1 N
PA=
2/23 Refer to the statement and figure
of Prob. 2/22. When pin P is in the
position =20o,determine the n- and t- PA=0.1197m
components of the force F which the The magnitude of the spring force is
spring of modulus k =1.2 kN/m exerts given by
on the pin. F=kx
Step1:Given that Where x=PA - 0.01
Spring constant of the spring k=1.2 x=0.1197-0.01
kN/m x=0.0197m
Unstrectched length of the spring, F=1.20.0197
l=0.1m F=0.0237 kN
The angle made by the pin with the F=23.7 kN
vertical =20o
Let the centre of the coordinate system 2/24 The cable AB prevents bar
be positioned at 0. OA from rotating clockwise about
Step2:The arrangement of the spring the pivot O. If the cable tension is
system at the present instant is as 750N.Determine the n- and t-
shown by the free body diagram components of this force acting
on point A of the bar.
Tn=750 Sin26.37
Tn=333.12 N
Components of force T along t
Tt=-T cos
Tn=-750 cos26.37
Tn=-672 N
2/25 At what angle must the 400-N
force be applied in order that the
resultant R of the two forces have a
magnitude of 1000 N? For this
condition what will be the angle
between R and the horizontal?
Soln.
Step2: Step1:Free body diagram

Tension in the cable T=750 N
Let Tn and Tt be the components
of force T along n and taxes
respectively
By the cosine law
AB=
OA 2+OB 22(OA)(OB )cos 120o
AB=
Step2:
(1.5)2+(1.2)22(1.5)(1.2)(0.866) Magnitude of the resultant force
AB=2.34 m
Step3: R=1000 lb
Let be the angle between the
Applying sine rule for triangle BOA
resultant force R and horizontal force
sin sin120 o
1.2
= 700 lb.
AB From the law of cosines
o
sin120 10002=4002+7002 2(400)
Sin = 2.34 1.2
(700)cos(180o-)
=26.37o cos=0.625
Step3: =51.32o
Components of force T along n By the law of sines
Tn=T Sin
400 1000 By resolving forces,

sin
=sin ( 180) Pt=-90cos30
sin ( 18051.32o) Pt=-77.9 N (parallel force)
sin =400 Pn=90sin30
1000
=18.19o Pn=45 N (perpendicular force)
2/26 In the design of the robot to Step3:
insert the small cylindrical part (b) Parallel and perpendicular forces to
into a close-fitting circular hole, the arm BC.
the robot arm must exert a 90-N
force P on the part parallel to the
axis of the hole as shown.
Determine the components of the
force which the part exerts on the
robot along axes (a) parallel and
perpendicular to the arm AB, and
(b) parallel and perpendicular to
the arm BC.
By resolving forces
Pt=90sin45
Pt=63.6 N (parallel force)
Pn=90cos45
Pn=63.6 N (perpendicular force)
2/27 The guy cables AB and AC are
attached to the top of the transmission
tower. The tension in cable AC is 8 kN.
Determine the required tension T in
cable AB such that the net effect of the
two cable tensions is a downward
Soln. force at point A. Determine the
Step1: Given magnitude R of this downward force.
Force exerted by robot P=90 N
Let parallel force = Pt
Let perpendicular force = Pn
Step2:
(a) Components of force which the part
exerts on the robot along parallel and
perpendicular to the angle arm AB.
Soln.
equivalent forces, Fx in the x-

direction and Fa in the a-direction.
Determine the magnitudes of Fx
and Fa. Solve geometrically or
graphically.
Step2:
Tension in the cable AC,Tac=8 kN
Let the tension in the cable AB be T ab
Let the magnitude of the resultant
force be R
From the figure
50 Soln.
1=tan-1( )
40 Step1:Geometric solution
1=51.3o
40
2=tan-1( )
60
2=37.3o
3=180o - 1 - 2
3=95o
By the law of sine
T ac T ab
=
sin 1 sin 2
sin 2
Tab=400
sin 1
sin37.7 o Step2:
Tab=400 Let Fx and Fa be the forces along x
sin51.3 o
and a-axes respectively.
Tab=5.68 kN Let R be the resultant force.
R T ac
= From law of cosine
sin 3 sin 1 R2=9002+8002-2(900)(800)cos75o
sin 3 R2=1077300.575
R=8 sin R=1037.93
1
sin 95
o Step3:
R=8 o By the law of sine
sin51.3
R=10.21 kN sin sin 75
2/28 The gusset plate is 800
= 1037.93
subjected to the two forces
shown. Replace them by two sin =0.744
=48.12o.
From triangle OCD
180o=+45o+65o+
180o=+45o+65o+48.12o
=21.88o
By the law of sine
sin sin 45
Fx
=
1037.93
Fx=547.02 N
Step3:
Now considering triangle OCa
By the law of sine
sin ( +65) sin 45
=
Fa 1037.93
sin ( 48.12+ 65) sin 45
=
Fa 1037.93
sin ( 113.12) sin 45
=
Fa 1037.93
Fa=1349.963 N
PROBLEMS
Introductory Problems
2/29 The 10 kN force is applied atpoint
A. Determine the moment of F about
point O. Determine the points on the x-
and y-axes about which the moment of
F is zero.
Step2:
The magnitude of force F=10 kN
Let B and C be the points on y and x-
axes respectively.
Components of force along x and y-
axes.
4
Fx=10
Soln. 5
Step1: Free body diagram Fx=8 kN
3
Fy=10
5
Fy=6 kN
Taking moment about O (CW +)
Mo=Fx5 - Fy4
Mo=85 - 65
Mo=10 kNm
Step3:Considering similar triangles
Step2:Magnitude of force F=200 lb

Taking moment about A
MA=200cos30o35
MA=6062.2 lb-in (CW)
Taking moment about O
MO = 200cos30o35 200sin30o35
MO = 6062.2 2500
3 5 MO = 3562.2 lb in (CW)
4
= 4+ x 2/31 Determine the moment of the 50N
20 force (a) about point O by Varignons
4+x= theorem and (b) about point C by a
3
x=2.67 m vector approach.
y 3
x
= 4
3
y=2.67
4
y=2 m
point B(0,2)
C(2.67,0)
2/30 Determine the moment of the
800-N force about point A and about
point O.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2: Given that
Force acting along line AB,F=50 kN
From figure.
Position vector of A,OA=-15i-20j

Position vector of B,OB=40i+10j
Position vector of C,OC =25j
Vector form of AB,AB=OB-OA
AB=(40+15)i+(10+20)j
AB=55i+30j
AB
Force vector along line AB,F=F Step2:
AB
Point A(0,h)
55 i+30 j
F=F[ ] Point B(b,0)
552 +302 Vector AB=bi-hj
55 i+30 j
] b ih j
F=50[
62.65
F=43.89i+23.94j
Unit Vector AB= n AB = b 2+ h2
Vector OA=hj
Step3:(a)
Moment about O MO= OA F
Taking moment about O Fb iFh j
Mo=OAF MO= hj [ b2 +h2 ]
Mo=(-15i-20j)( 43.89i+23.94j)
Fbh
Mo=(-1523.94)k+(-2043.89)(-k) MO= - b 2+ h2 k
Mo=518.7k
Fbh
Magnitude of moment about O is MO= b 2+ h2 (CW)
Mo=518.7 Nmm(CCW)
Step4:(b) 2/33 In steadily turning the water
Moment about C pump,a person exerts the 120N force
Mc=CAF on the handle as shown. Determine
the moment of this force about point O.
Position vector of CA,CA=OA-OC
CA=-15i+(-20-25)j
CA=-15i-45j
Mc=(-15i+(-20-25)j)( 43.89i+23.94j)
Mc=(-1523.94)k+(-4543.89)(-k)
Mc=1615.95k
Magnitude of moment about C is
Mc=1615.95 Nmm(CCW)
2/32 The force of magnitude F
acts along the edge of the
triangular plate. Determine the
moment of F about point O.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Magnitude of force F=120 N 2/35 A force F of magnitude 60 N is

Moment of force about O (CW +) applied to the gear. Determine the
Mo=F cos(20o+15o)0.15 moment of F about point O.
Mo=120cos35o0.15
Mo=14.74 Nm
2/34 The throttle-control sector
pivots freely at O. If an internal
torsional spring exerts a return
moment M =1.8 on the sector
when in the position shown, for
design purposes determine the
necessary throttle-cable tension T
so that the net moment about O
is zero. Note that when T is zero,
the sectorrests against the idle-
control adjustment screw at R.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Magnitude of force F=60 N
Fy=F cos cos20o
Fy=60 cos cos20o
Fy=56.38 N
Taking moment about O (CW+)
Mo=Fy0.1
Mo=56.380.1
Mo=5.64 Nm
Step2: 2/36 Calculate the moment of the
Let the tension required be T 250-N force on the handle of the
Taking moment about O monkey wrench about the center
(Anticlock wise +) MO=0 of the bolt.
1.8 - T0.05=0
1.8
T=
0.05
T=36 N
Soln. Step2:
Step1: Free body diagram Magnitude of force F=140 N
Taking moment about O (CCW+)
Mo=Fcos0.095
Mo=Fcos(25o-10o)0.095
Mo=140cos10o0.095
Mo=13.1 Nm
2/38 As a trailer is towed in the
forward direction, the force F
=500 N is applied as shown to the
Step2: Given ball of the trailer hitch. Determine
Magnitude of force F=250 N the moment of this force about
x and y components of force F point O.
Fy=250 cos15o
Fy=241.48 N
Fx=250 sin15o
Fx=64.7 N
Step3:
Mo Fy(0.2)+Fx(0.03)=0
Mo 241.48(0.2)+64.7(0.03)=0
Mo - 48.296+1.92 =0
Mo=46.36 Nm
2/37 A mechanic pulls on the 13-mm
combination wrench with the 140-N Soln.
force shown. Determine the moment of Step1: Free body diagram
this force about the bolt center O.
Step2: Given that force F=120 lb

Let Fx and Fy be the components of force
along x and y-axes respectively.
Soln. (Anticlock wise +) MO=Fx 1.5+Fy 11
Step1: Free body diagram Mo= 120 sin30o 1.5+120cos30o 11
Mo=90+1143.15 Mo=3.0610-39.81cos200s+3.0610-3
Mo=1233.15 lb-in (CW) 9.81sin200(9.5+3.5)
2/39 A portion of a mechanical coin Mo=(0.0282s+0.1335) Nmm (s in mm)
sorter works as follows:Pennies and 2/40 Elements of the lower arm
dimes roll down the 20o incline,the last are shown in the figure.The mass
triangular portion of which pivots freely of the forearm is 2.3 kg with mass
about a horizontal axis through O. center at G. Determine the
Dimes are light enough (2.28 grams combined moment about the
each) so that the triangular portion elbow pivot O of the weights of
remains stationary, and the dimes roll the forearm and the 3.6kg
into theright collection column. homogeneous sphere. What must
Pennies, on the other hand, are heavy the biceps tension force be so
enough (3.06 grams each) so that the that the overall moment about O
triangular portion pivots clockwise, and is zero?
the pennies roll into the left collection
column. Determine the moment about
O of the weight of the penny in terms
of the slant distance s in millimeters.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
mgcos200 and mgsin200 are
components of weight
perpendicular parallel to the
inclined plane respectively. Step2: Given that
Taking moment about pivot O Weight of the fore arm W1=5 lb
(CW +) Weight of the sphere W2=8 lb
Mo= mgcos200s+ Let T be the tension in the bicep.
mgsin200(9.5+3.5)
Moment about O due to the weights 5 lb Let be the angle of T with the
and 8 lb. horizontal such that
(Clock wise +) Mo=813+56sin55o
Mo=104+24.57
Mo=128.57 lb-in (CW)
The combined moment due to the all
forces is zero.
(Clock wise +) Mo=0
128.57-T2=0
T=64.29 lb
From the triangle PCB
BC
2/41 A 32 lb pull T is applied to a Cos=
cord,which is wound securely around CP
the inner hub of the drum.Determine 5
Cos=
the moment of T about the drum 8
center C. At what angle should T be =51.3o
applied so that the moment about the 2/42 A force of 200 N is applied to the
contact point P is zero? end of the wrench to tighten a flange
bolt which holds the wheel to the axle.
Determine the moment M produced by
this force about the center O of the
wheel for the position of the wrench
shown.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Magnitude of force T=32 lb
Taking moment about C(CW+)
Mc=T5
Mc=325
Mc=160 lb-in
For the moment about the contact
point P to be zero,the applied force
should pass through point P. Step2: Magnitude of force F=200 N
OA=450-62.5 cos20
OA=391.27 mm
Moment about O
(Clock wise +) Mo=FOA
Mo=200391.27
Mo=78253.84 Nmm
2/43 In order to raise the flagpole OC,
a light frame OAB is attached to the
pole and a tension of 780 lb is
developed in the hoisting cable by the
power winch D. Calculate the moment
Mo of this tension about thehinge point
O.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2: Given that

Mass of the platform M=28 kg/m
Mass of the worker m=90 kg
Weight of the platform
Step2: W=28(1+4+3)9.81
Magnitude of tenion T=780 lb W=2197.44 N
Taking moment about O (CCW +) Moment of all force at B is zero.
Mo=780cos20o10cos30o-780sin20o5 MB=0
Mo=6347.62-1333.88 mgS -W1=0
Mo=5013.74 lb-ft mgS=W
2/44 The uniform work platform, which
W
has a mass per unit length of 28 kg/m, S=
is simply supported by cross rods A mg
and B. The 90-kg construction worker
2197.44
starts from point B and walks to the S=
90 9.8
right. At what location s will the
S=2.49 m
combined moment of the weights of
2/45 In raising the pole from the
the man and platform about point B be
position shown, the tension T in the
zero?
cable must supply a moment about O
of 72kNm . Determine T.
=16.103o
Step3:

Soln. Mo=0
Step1: Free body diagram Mo-Tsin30=0
Tsin16.103o30=72
T=8.653 kN
2/46 The force exerted by the
plunger of cylinder AB on the door
is 40 N directed along the line AB,
and this force tends to keep the
door closed. Compute the
moment of this force about the
hinge O. What force FC normal to
the plane of the door must the
door stop at C exert on the door
so that the combined moment
about O of the two forces is zero?
Step2:
Given,moment about O Mo=72 kN
Let T be the tension in the cable
Considering triable OBC
h
sin60o=
30
h=25.98 m
x
cos60o=
30
x=15 m
Now considering triangle ABC
h
tan= Soln.
12+ x
25.98 Step1: Free body diagram
tan=
12+15
25.98
tan=
27
-1
=tan 0.9622
=43.897o
From OAC
1800=++120o
1800=+43.897o +120o
Step2: Given that

Force exerted by the plunger F=40 N Step2:
100 Given,applied force F=2 lb
tan= Taking moment about O (CCW +)
400
=14.036o Mo=-2cos20o(10sin60o+1.5)-
Taking moment about point O 2sin20o(1ocos60o)
Mo=40cos14.036o(75)+ 40sin14.036o(425) Mo=-19.095-3.42
Mo=2910.43+4123.035 Mo=-22.5 lb-in
Mo=7033.465 Nmm (CCW) 2/48 Calculate the moment MA of
Let Fc be the reaction force at C the 200-N force about point A by
Taking moment about point O using three scalar methods and
Mo=0 one vector method.
Fc (825) - Mo=0
Fc (825) - 7033.465 =0
Fc (825) = 7033.465
Fc =8.525 N
2/47 The 2lb force is applied to the
handle of the hydraulic control valve as
shown. Calculate the moment of this
force about point O.
Soln.
Soln. Step2: Method1

Step1: Free body diagram Taking moment about A
MA=Fcos15o280+ Fsin15o400
MA=200cos15o280+ 200sin15o400
MA=74797.4 Nm (CW)
Step3: Method2
Considering the force applied at D

CD=400tan15o
CD=107.18 mm Soln.
DA=AC+CD Step1: Free body diagram
DA=280+107.18
DA=387.18 mm
MA= 200cos15oDA
MA= 200cos15o387.18
MA=74797.4 Nm (CW)
Step4: Method3
Finding the perpendicular distance AE
DA=387.18 mm Step2:
DE=DAsin15o Elastic modulus of band k=60 N/m
DE=387.18 sin15o Unstretched length of band xo=0.74m
DE=100.21 mm OC=OA+AC
AE= DA 2+ DE 2 OC=0.635+0.74
AE= 387.182+100.212 OC=1.375 m
AE=374 mm 1.375
=tan-1
Taking moment about A 0.635
MA=200374 =65.2o
MA=74797.4 Nm Step3:
Step5: Vector method Change in the length of band x=BC-xo
r=200i+480j x=1.515-0.74
Deflection of spring x=0.775m
F=-200 cos15oi+200 sin15oj
Spring force F=kx
MA= r F
F=600.775
MA=(200i+480j) (=-200 cos15oi+200 F=46.5 N
sin15oj) Taking moment about O (CW +)
MA=74797.4k Nm Mo=FsinOB
2/50 (a) Calculate the moment of the Mo=46.5sin62.5o0.535
90-N force about point O for the Mo=26.8 Nm
condition =15o. Also, determinethe 2/50 (a) Calculate the moment of
value of for which the moment about the 90-N force about point O for
O is (b) zero and (c) a maximum. the condition =15o. Also,
determine the value of for which
the moment about O is (b) zero
and (c) a maximum.
c) For the moment to be maximum the

applied force should be perpendicular.
0.6
tan=
0.8
=36.9o
=90+
=90+36.9o
=126.9o
2/51 The small crane is mounted along
the side of a pickup bed and facilitates
Soln. Given that
the handling of heavy loads. When the
Applied force F=90 N
boom elevation angle is =40o,the
a) =15o
force in the hydraulic cylinder BC is 4.5
kN, and this force applied at point C is
in the direction from B toC (the cylinder
is in compression). Determine the
moment of this 4.5-kN force about the
boom pivotpoint O.
Step2:
(Anticlock wise +)
Mo=Fcos0.6 - Fsin 0.8
Mo=90cos15o0.6+ 90sin15o0.8
Mo=33.52 Nm
Step3:
b) Moment of the force about O is zero.
Mo=0
Fcos0.6 - Fsin 0.8=0 Soln.
cos0.6=sin 0.8 Step1: Free body diagram
0.6
tan=
0.8
=36.9o
Step4:
Step2:
Let the angle made by the force F with
the horizontal be
360+ 340sin 40110 cos 40
tan=
340 cos 40+110 sin 40
494.283 MC P(150)=0
tan=
331.162 MC=13500 Nmm
=56.2o MC=13.5 Nm
Taking moment about O (CW +) Taking moment about B
Mo=FcosOB MB=0
Mo=4.5cos56.2o 0.36 MB P(EF+FB)=0
Mo=0.902 kNm MB = P(EF+FB)
2/52 Design criteria require that MB =90(150+450sin30o)
the robot exert the 90-N force on
MB =90(375)
the part as shown while inserting
MB =33750 Nmm
a cylindrical part into the circular
MB =33.75 Nm
hole. Determine the moment
about points A, B, and C of the Step3:
force which the part exerts on the Taking moment about A
robot. MA=0
MA P(EF+FB+BG)=0
MA = P(EF+FB+BG)
MA =90(150+450sin30o+550sin45o)
MA =90(3763.91)
MA =68751.9 Nmm
MA =68.752 Nm
2/53 The masthead fitting
supports the two forces shown.
Determine the magnitude of T
which will cause no bending of the
mast (zero moment) at point O.
Soln.
Step2:
Let T be the tension in the string.
Mo=0
5
5cos30o90+5sin30o90-T
2 +52
2
2 60
120- T =0
22 +52
389.71+150-11.42T-22.28T=0
Step2: Given that 133.7T=539.71
Force exerted by the robot at D P=90 N T=4.04 kN
Taking moment about C 2/54 The piston, connecting rod,
MC=0 and crankshaft of a diesel engine
are shown in the figure. The crank
throw OA is half the stroke of 8in, AB

=tan-1
and the length AB of the rod is AD
14in. For the position indicated,
the rod is under a compression 3.464
=tan-1
along AB of 3550lb. Determine 13.56
the moment M of this force about
the crankshaft axis O. =14.33o
Step3:
(Clockwise +) Mo=FsinOB
Mo=3550 sin14.33o15.56
Mo=13671.81 lb-in
Mo=1139 lb-ft
2/55 The 120-N force is applied as
shown to one end of the curved
wrench. If =30o, calculate the
moment of F about the center O of the
bolt. Determine thevalue of which
would maximize the moment about O;
state the value of this maximum
moment.
Soln.
Step2:
OA=8 in
AB=14 in Soln.
Compression in the rod AB, T=3550 lb. Step1: Free body diagram
AD=OA cos30o
AD=4(0.866)
AD=3.464 in
OD=OA sin30o
OD=4 sin30
OD=2 in
BD= AB 2 AD 2
BD= 1423.464 2
BD=13.56 in
OB=BD+OD Step2:Applied force F=120 N
OB=13.56+2 Taking moment about O(CW+)
OB=15.56 in
Mo=120cos30o(70+150+70)+
120cos30o(25+70+70+25)
Mo=41537.68Nmm
Step3:
For maximum moment Mo the force F
should be perpendicular to the line
joining AB.
25+ 70+25+70
tan=
70+150+70
o
=33.2
Step4:For this condition
Soln.
OA=
(25+70+ 25+ 70)2 +(70+150+70)2
OA=346.7mm
Mo=120346.7
Mo=41603.84 Nmm Step2:
2/56 If the combined moment of a) Taking moment about C.
the two forces about point C is MC=0
zero, determine P8+100cos60o4-
(a) the magnitude of the force P. 100sin60o8=0
(b) the magnitude R of the P=61.6 lb
resultant of the two forces. Step3:
(c) the coordinates x and y of the b) Fx=Rx
point A on the rim of the wheel Rx= - 100cos60o-61.6
about which the combined Rx=-111.6 lb
moment of the two forces is a Fy=Ry
maximum. Ry=100 sin60o
(d) the combined moment MA of Ry=86.6 lb
the two forces about A. R= R 2x + R2y
R= (111.6)2 +(86.6)2
R=141.3 lb
Step3:
Fy
c) =tan-1
Fx
86.6
=tan-1
143.3
=37.81 o
Step4:
x=6.32 in
Step5:
Moment about A
MA=RBA
BA=OA+OB
BA=8+4 cos
BA=8+4cos37.81o
BA=11.61 in
Since MA=RBA
x=8sin MA=143.311.61
x=8sin37.81o MA=15771 lb-in (CW)
x=4.9 in
y=8cos
x=8cos37.81o
PROBLEMS
2/57 The caster unit is subjected to the
pair of 400-Nforces shown. Determine
the moment associated with these
forces.
2/60 The indicated forcecouple

system is applied to a small shaft at
the center of the plate.Replace this
system by a single force and specify
the coordinate of the point on the x-
axis through which the line of action
of this resultalt force passes.
2/58 A force F=60 N acts along the line

AB. Determine the equivalent force
couple system at point C.
2/61 The bracket is spot welded to the

end of the shaft at point O.To show the
effect of the 900-N force on the weld,
replace the force by its equivalent of a
force and couple M at O. Express M in
vector notation.
2/59 The top view of a revolving

entrance door is shown. Two persons
simultaneously approach the door and
exert force of equal magnitudes as
shown. If the resulting moment about
the door pivot axis at O is 25 Nm,
determine the force magnitude F.
.
2/62 As part of a test, the two aircraft 2/64 Each propeller of the twin-screw
engines are revved up and the ship develops a fullspeed thrust of 300
propeller pitches are adjusted so as to kN. In maneuvering the ship,one
result in the fore and aft thrusts shown. propeller is turning full speed ahead
What force F must be exerted by the and the other full speed in reverse.
ground on each of the main braked What thrust P must each tug exert on
wheels at A and B to counteract the the ship to counteract the effect of the
turning effect of the two propeller ships propellers?
thrusts? Neglect any effects of the
nose wheel C, which is turned 90N
and unbraked.
Representative Problems
2/65 A lug wrench is used to tighten a
square-head bolt. If 250-N forces are
applied to the wrench as shown,
determine the magnitude F of the
equal forces exerted on the four
contact points on the 25-mm bolt head
so that their external effect on the bolt
is equivalent to that of the two 250-N
forces. Assume that the forces are
2/63 Replace the 10-kN force acting perpendicular to the flats of the bolt
on the steel column by an equivalent head.
forcecouple system at point O.This
replacement is frequently done in the
design of structures.
2/66 During a steady right turn, a

person exerts the forces shown on the
steering wheel. Note that each force
.
consists of a tangential component

and a radiallyinward component.
Determine the moment exerted about
the steering column at O.
2/69 The tie-rod AB exerts the 250-N

force on the steering knuckle AO as
shown. Replace this force by an
equivalent forcecouple system at O.
2/67 The 180-N force is applied to the

end of body OAB. If = 50o, determine
the equivalent forcecouple system at
the shaft axis O.
2/70 The combined drive wheels of a

front-wheel-drive automobile are acted
on by a 7000-N normal reaction force
and a friction force F, both of which are
exerted by the road surface. If it is
known that the resultant of these two
forces makes a 15o angle with the
vertical, determine the equivalent
forcecouple system at the car mass
center G. Treat this as a two
dimensional problem.
2/68 A force F of magnitude 50 N is
exerted on the automobile parking
-brake lever at the position x =250mm.
Replace the force by an equivalent
forcecouple system at the pivot point
O.
2/71 The system consisting of the bar

.
OA,two identicalpulleys, and a section ascertain the forces supported by the

of thin tape is subjected to the two rivets.
180N tensile forces shown in the
figure. Determine the equivalent force
couple system at point O.
2/74 The angle plate is subjected to

the two 250-N forces shown. It is
desired to replace these forces by an
equivalent set consisting of the 200-N
force applied at A and a second force
applied at B. Determine the y-
2/72 Calculate the moment MB of the coordinate of B.
900-N force about the bolt at B.
Simplify your work by first replacing
the force by its equivalent force-couple
system at A.
2/75 The weld at O can support a

maximum of 2500 N of force along
each of the n- and t-directions and a
maximum of 1400 Nm of moment.
Determine the allowable range for the
direction of the 2700-N force applied
at A. The angle is restricted to 0
90o.
2/73 The bracket is fastened to the
girder by means of the two rivets A and
B and supports the 2-kN force.
Replace this force by a force acting
along the centreline between the rivets
and a couple. Then redistribute this
force and couple by replacing it by two
forces,one at A and the other at B, and
.
2/76 The device shown is a part of an

automobile seatback-release mechan-
ism. The part is subjected to the 4-N
force exerted at A and a restoring
moment exerted by a hidden torsional
spring. Determine the y-intercept of the
line of action of the single equivalent
force.
.
Resultant
.
PROBLEMS
2/77 Calculate the magnitude of the
tension T and the angle for which the
eye bolt will be under a resultant
downward force of 15 kN.
2/80 Determine the height h above the

base B at which the resultant of the
three forces acts.
2/78 Determine the resultant R of the

four forces acting on the gusset plate. 2/81 Where does the resultant of the
Also find the magnitude of R and the two forces act?
angle x which the resultant makes
with the x-axis.
2/82 Under nonuniform and slippery

road conditions, thetwo forces shown
are exerted on the two rear-drive
wheels of the pickup truck, which has
a limited-slip rear differential.
Determine the y-intercept of the
2/79 Determine the equivalent force resultant of this force system.
couple system at the origin O for each
of the three cases of forces being
applied to the edge of a circular disk. If
the resultant can be so expressed,
replace this forcecouple system with
a stand-alone force.
.
2/86 A commercial airliner with four jet

2/83 If the resultant of the two forces engines, each producing 90 kN of
and couple M passes through point O, forward thrust, is in a steady, level
determine M. cruise when engine number 3suddenly
fails.Determine and locate the
resultant of the three remaining engine
thrust vectors. Treat this as a
twodimensional problem.
2/84 Determine the magnitude of the

force F applied to the handle which will
make the resultant of the three forces
pass through O.
2/87 Replace the three forces acting

on the bent pipe by a single equivalent
force R. Specify the distance x from
point O to the point on the x-axis
through which the line of action of R
passes.
2/85 Determine and locate the

resultant R of the two forces and one
couple acting on the I-beam.
.
2/88 The directions of the two thrust

vectors of an experimental aircraft can
be independently changed from the
conventional forward direction within
limits. For the thrust configuration
shown, determine the equivalent
forcecouple system at point O. Then
replace this forcecouple system by a
single force and specify the point on
the x-axis through which the line of
action of this resultant passes. These
results are vital to assessing design
performance.
2/91 The design specifications for the
attachment at A for this beam depend
on the magnitude and location of the
applied loads. Represent the resultant
of the three forces and couple by a
single force R at A and a couple M.
Specify the magnitude of R.
2/89 Determine the resultant R of the

three forces acting on the simple truss.
Specify the points on the x- and y-axes
through which R must pass.
2/92 In the equilibrium position shown,

the resultant of the three forces acting
on the bell crank passes through the
bearing O. Determine the vertical force
P. Does the result depend on ?
2/90 The gear and attached V-belt

pulley are turning counterclockwise
and are subjected to the tooth load of
1600 N and the 800-N and 450-N
tensions in the V-belt. Represent the
action of these three forces by a
resultant force R at O and a couple of
magnitude M. Is the unit slowing down
or speeding up?
.
2/93Two integral pulleys are subjected

to the belt tensions shown.If the
resultant R of these forces passes
through the center O, determine T and
the magnitude of R and the
counterclockwise angle it makes
with the x-axis.
2/96 The rolling rear wheel of a front-

wheel-drive automobile which is
accelerating to the right is subjected to
the five forces and one momentshown.
The forces Ax =240 N and Ay= 2000 N
are forces transmitted from the axle to
the wheel, F =160 N is the friction
force exerted by the road surface on
the tire, N =2400 N is the normal
reaction force exerted by the road
surface, and W = 400 N is the weight
2/94 While sliding a desk toward the
of the wheel/tire unit. The couple M=3
doorway, three students exert the
Nm is the bearing friction moment.
forces shown in the overhead view.
Determine and locate the resultant of
Determine the equivalent forcecouple
the system.
system at point A. Then determine the
equation of the line of action of the
resultant force.
2/95 Under nonuniform and slippery 2/97 A rear-wheel-drive car is stuck in

road conditions, the four forces shown the snow between other parked cars
are exerted on the four drive wheels of as shown. In an attempt to free the car,
the all-wheel-drive vehicle. Determine three students exert forces on the car
the resultant of this system and the x- at points A, B, and C while the drivers
and y-intercepts of its line of action. actions result in a forward thrust of 200
Note that the front and rear tracks are N acting parallel to the plane of
equal (i.e.AB=CD). rotation of each rear wheel. Treating
the problem as two-dimensional,
determine the equivalent
.
forcecouple system at the car center

of mass G and locate the position x of
the point on the car centreline through
which the resultant passes. Neglect all
forces not shown.
2/98 An exhaust system for a pickup

truck is shown in the figure. The
weights Wh, Wm, and Wt of the
headpipe,muffler, and tailpipe are 10,
100, and 50 N, respectively, and act at
the indicated points. If the exhaust-
pipe hanger at point A is adjusted so
that its tension FA is 50 N, determine
the required forces in the hangers at
points B, C, and D so that the force
couple system at point O is zero. Why
is a zero forcecouple system at O
desirable?
Ch#3 Equilibrium
.

Step2:
Step3:
Step4:
Step5:
1.5'
PROBLEMS
3/1 Determine the force P required to
maintain the 200-kg engine in the
.
position for which =30o. The diameter P

of the pulley at B is negligible. o o =
sin(90 +30 )
W
sin ( 180 30o 75o )
o
sin120 o
P=1962
sin 75 o
P=1759 N
3/2 The mass center G of the 1400-kg
rear-engine car is located as shown in
the figure. Determine the normal force
under each tire when the car is in
equilibrium.State any assumptions.
Soln. Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Mass of car m=1400kg
Step2: Weight W=14009.81
Mass m=200kg W=13734 N
Weight W=2009.81 Fy=0
=1962 N Since there are two front and two rear
DC=2sin30o tyres of a car,therefore
DC=1 m 2RA+2RB-13734=0 (i)
AD=2cos30o Taking moment about A
AD=1.732 m MA=0
BD=2-AD 2RB(1.386+0.964)-137341.386=0
BD=0.27 m 4.7RB=19035.324
DC RB=4050 N (ii)
=tan-1
BD Using the value of RB in (i)
1 2RA+2(4050)-13734=0
= tan-1
0.27 2RA=2817 N
=75o 3/3 A carpenter carries a 12 lb uniform
Step3: board as shown.What downward force
Applying sines law does he feel on his shoulder at A?
.
Soln.
Step2:Weight of the board W=12 lb

Let NA and NB be the reactions at
points A and B respectively.Taking
moment about B,
MB=0
W(2+1)-NA2=0
123-2NA=0
2NA=36
NA=18 lb
3/4 In the side view of a 70kg Step2:

television resting on a24kg cabinet, the Weight of TV, W1=709.81
mass centers are labeled G1 and G2. W1=686.7 N
Determine the force reactions at A and Weight of the cabinet W2=249.81
B. (Note that the mass center of most W2=235.44 N
televisions is located well forward Taking moment about A,
because of the heavy nature of the MA=0
front portion of picture tubes.) NB 0.7-W10.6-W20.35=0
0.7NB -686.70.6-235.440.35=0
0.7NB-412.02-82.404=0
0.7NB=706 N
Now Fy=0
NA+NB-W1-W2=0
NA+706-686.7-235.44=0
NA=216 N
.
3/5 The roller stand is used to support Let RA and RB be the reactions at A
portions of long boards as they are and B.
being cut on a table saw. If the board Taking moment about A,
exerts a 25-N downward force on the MA=0 (CCW+)
roller C, determine the vertical RD0.355-250.235=0
reactions at A and D. Note that the RD=16.55 N
connection at B is rigid, and that the Now Fy=0
feet A and D are fairly lengthy RA+RD-25=0
horizontal tubes with a nonslip coating. RA+16.55-25=0
RA=8.45 N
3/6 The 450-kg uniform I-beam
supports the load shown.Determine
the reactions at the supports.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Weight of the I-beam W1=4509.81
W1=4414.5 N
Weight of the drum W2=2209.81
W2=2158.2 N
RA+RB=4414.5+2158.2
RA+RB=6572.7 (i)
Taking moment about A,
MA=0 (CW+)
4414.54+2158.25.6-RB8=0
RB=3718 N
Putting this value in (i)
RA+3718=6572.7
RA=2854.7 N
Step2:
Downward force at C is 25N
.
3/7 Calculate the force and moment

reactions at the bolted base O of the 3/8 The 20-kg homogeneous smooth
overhead traffic-signal assembly. Each sphere rests on the two inclines as
traffic signal has a mass of 36 kg,while shown.Determine the contact forces at
the masses of members OC and AC A and B.
are 50 kg and 55 kg, respectively.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Mass of the sphere, m=20kg
Weight of sphere, W=209.81
W=196.2 N
Step2: Considering forces along x-axis
Weight of each traffic signal is 80 lb. Fx=0
Weight of members OC and AC are RA cos150-RB sin30o=0
110 lb and 120 lb respectively. 0.966NA-0.5NB=0 (i)
Let Ox,Oy and Mo=0 be the reactions Considering forces along y-axis
and reactive moment at O Fy=0
respectively. RA sin150+RB cos30o-196.2=0
Considering forces along x-axis 0.966NA+0.5NB=196.2
Fx=0 0.259NA=196.2-0.866NB
Ox =0 NA=758.06-3.344NB (ii)
Considering forces along y-axis Putting above value in (i)
Fy=0 0.966(758.06-3.344NB)-0.5NB=0
Oy-80-80-110-120=0 732.29-3.23NB-0.5NB=0
Oy=390 lb 3.73NB=732.29
Taking moment about O NB=196.3
Mo=0 (CCW+) Using this value in (i)
80(15+3+12)+80(3+12)+12012-Mo=0 0.966NA-0.5(196.3)=0
Mo=5040 lb-ft (CW) 0.966NA=98.15
NA=101.6 N
3/9 A 120 lb crate resets on the 60 lb
pickup tailgate. Calculate the tension T
.
in each of the two restraining cables, at A to onehalf its nominal (F = 0)

one of which is shown. The centers of value.
gravity are at G1 and G2. The crate is
located midway between the two
cables.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Weight of the generator W=1609.81
Step2: W=1569.6 N
Weight of the crate W1=120 lb Let F be the force required.
Weight of the tailgate W2=60 lb Let RA and RO be the reactions at A
12 and O respectively.
tan=
9.5+2.75 For F=0
=tan-10.9796 Taking moment about O
=44.4o Mo=0 (CCW+)
Taking moment about O -RA0.46+1596.60.135=0
Mo=0 (CCW+) RA=460.64 N
120(14)+60(9.5)-2Tsin44.4o(12.25)=0 1
For RA=230.32 N
1680+570-17.14T=0 2
T=131.27 lb Taking moment about O
3/10 A portable electric generator has Mo=0 (CCW+)
a mass of 160 kg with mass center at 1569.6(0.135)-230.32(0.46)-F(0.7)=0
G. Determine the upward force F -0.7F=-105.95
necessary to reduce the normal force F=151.36 N
.
3/11 With what force magnitude T must

the person pull on the cable in order to
cause the scale A to read 2000 N? The
weights of the pulleys and cables are
negligible. State any assumptions.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Force applied F=40 N
Let the tension in portion BC be T
Let Ro be reaction at O
Mo=0 (CCW+)
Tcos45o(32)+Tsin45o(36) -
40cos10o(78+32)-40sin10o(27)=0
T=94.06 N
3/13 A woodcutter wishes to cause the
tree trunk to fall uphill, even though the
Step2:
trunk is leaning downhill.With the aid of
Weight of the block is 1000 lb and reading
the winch W, what tension T in the cable
is 500 lb.
will be required? The 1200lb trunk has a
Let T be the tension in the cable.
center of gravity at G. The felling notch at
Considering forces along y-axis
O is sufficiently large so that the resisting
Fy=0
moment there is negligible.
5T+500-1000=0
T=100 lb
3/12 The device shown is designed to aid
in the removal of pull-tab tops from cans. If
the user exerts a 40-N force at A,
determine the tension T in the portionBC
of the pull tab.
.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Step2:
Weight of the trunk W=1200 lb
Let T be the tension in the cable Weight of the block W=3009.81
W=2943 N
Mo=0 (CCW+) Let RA and RB be reactions at A and B.
1200(12sin5o)-T(10+4)cos15o=0
T=81.21 lb MA=0 (CCW+)
29430.4 - RB0.6=0
3/14 To facilitate shifting the position of a
lifting hook when it is not under load, the RB=1962 N
Considering forces along y-axis
sliding hanger shown is used. The
projections at A and B engage the flanges Fy=0
RA-RB-W=0
of a box beam when a load is supported,
and the hook projects through a horizontal RA=1962+2923
RA=4905 N
slot in the beam. Compute the forces at A
and B when the hook supports a 300-kg 3/15 Three cables are joined at the
junction ring C. Determine the tensions in
mass.
cables AC and BC caused by the weight
of the 30-kg cylinder.
.
Soln. Soln.
Step2:
Let TAC,TAB and TDC be the tension in the
cables AB,BC and CD respectively. Step2:
Weight of the cylinder W=309.81 Total axial force F requires is 700N
W=294.3 N Since two prybars are acting at both
Here sides of the pully,the axial force by
TDC=294.3 N each prybar would be 350N.
Fx=0 Taking moment about E
-TACcos45o+294.3cos15o-TBCcos60o=0 ME=0 (CCW+)
0.707TAC+0.5TBC=284.27 (i) F
Fy=0 -
2
TACsin45o+294.3sin15o-TBCsin60o=0 0.038+Fcos5(0.25)+Fsin5(0.031)=0
0.707TAC=0.866TBC-76.17 -13.3+0.249F+0.0027F=0
TAC=1.225 TBC-107.74 (ii) 0.252F=13.3
Using (ii) in (i) F=52.84N
0.707(1.225TBC-107.74)+0.5TBC=284.27 3/17 The uniform beam has a mass of 50
0.866TBC-76.17+0.5TBC=284.27 kg per meter of length. Compute the
1.366TBC=360.44 reactions at the support O.The force loads
TBC=263.87 N shown lie in a vertical plane.
Using above value in (ii)
TAC=1.225(263.87)-107.74
TAC=215.49 N
3/16 A 700-N axial force is required to
remove the pulley from its shaft. What
force F must be exerted on the handle of
each of the two prybars? Friction at the
contact points B and E is sufficient to
prevent slipping;friction at the pulley
contact points C and F is negligible.
Soln.
.
Step1:Free body diagram Soln.

Soln.
Step2:
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O along
x and y directions respectively. Step2:
Let Mo,be the reaction moment at O Applied force 24 kN
Self load of the beam portions.i.e Let RA and RB be the reactions at A and B.
F1=509.81(1.8+0.6) Here RA=RB
F1=1177.2 N Fy=0
F1=1.117 kN 24-RAcos15o-RBcos15o=0
F2=509.81(0.6+0.6) 2RAcos15o=24
F2=588.6 N RA=12.42 kN
F2=0.589 kN RA= RB=12.42 kN
Step3: 3/19 The uniform 15m pole has a mass of
Taking moment about O 150 kg and is supported by its smooth
Mo=0 ends against the vertical walls and by the
Mo-F11.2-32.8-F2(2.4+0.6cos30o)+4 tension T in the vertical cable.Compute
1.4(2.4cos30o+1.2)=0 the reactions at A and B.
Mo-1.1771.2-5.4-0.5892.916+4-
1.43.278=0
Mo-1.41-5.4-1.72+4-4.59=0
Mo=9.12 kNm
Fx=0
Ox+1.4sin30o=0
Ox+0.7=0
Ox=-0.7 kN
Fy=0
Oy-F1-F2-3-1.4cos30o=0
Oy-1.177-0.589-3-1.21=0
Oy=5.98 kN
Representative Problems Soln.
3/18 A pipe P is being bent by the pipe Step1:Free body diagram
bender as shown. If the hydraulic cylinder
applies a force of magnitude F = 24 kN to
the pipe at C, determine the magnitude of
the roller reactions at A and B.
Step2:
Length of the pole, L=15m
Weight of the pole, W=1509.8
W=1471.5 N
Let T be the tension in the cable.
.
Let RA and RB be the horizental reactions Soln.

at A and B respectively. Step1:Free body diagram
OB2+122=152
OB= 152+ 122
OB=9 m
Fx=0
RA=RB
Fy=0
T-1471.5=0
T=1471.5 N
Step3:
Step2:
Let Ax,Ay and Ex be the reactions at A and
E respectively.
Fx=0
Ax+Ex-4000sin30o=0
From similar triangles ADC and ABO Ax+Ex=2000 (i)
AC AO Fy=0
AD
= AB
Ay-4000cos30o+500=0
Ay=3464.1-500=0
AC 12 Ay=2964.1 N
5
= 15
AC=4 m MA=0
Now consider trianglesAFE and ABO 5008+Ex3-4000cos30o(4)=0
AE AO 3Ex=16000cos30o-4000
AF
= AB Ex=3285.46 N
AE 12 Using above value in (i)
7.5
= 15 Ax+3285.46=2000
Ax=-1285.46 N
AE=6 m For maximum P, Ex=0
Taking moment about A (CCW+)
MA=0
MA=0
RB9-1471.56+1471.54=0
P8-4000cos30o(4)=0
RB=327 N
RA=RB=327 N 8P=13856.4
3/20 Determine the reactions at A and E if P=1732 N
P = 500 N. What is the maximum value 3/21 While digging a small hole prior to
which P may have for static equilibrium? planting a tree, a homeowner encounters
Neglect the weight of the structure rocks. If he exerts a horizontal 225-N force
compared with the applied loads. on the prybar as shown, what is the
horizontal force exerted on rock C? Note
that a small ledge on rock C supports a
vertical force reaction there. Neglect
friction at B. Complete solutions (a)
including and(b)excluding the weight of
the 18kg prybar.
.
FC=325 lb
3/22 Determine the force P required to
begin rolling the uniform cylinder of mass
m over the obstruction of height h.
Soln. Soln.
Step2:
Let (Fc)x and (Fc)y be the horizontal and
vertical reactions at C.
Let FB be the force exerted by rock at B Step2:considering the triangle ABC
(a) Considering the weight of the prybar.
Taking moment about C
MC=0
8
5068+4034tan20o-FB o =0
cos 20
3400+495-8.51FB=0
8.51FB=3895
FB=457.7 lb
Taking force along x-axis
(Fc)x+50- FBcos20o=0 BC= r 2+(r h)2
(Fc)x= 457.7cos20o-50 BC= r 2r 2h2+ 2rh
(Fc)x=380 lb BC= 2rhh2
Step3: BC
(b) Excluding the weight of the prybar. sin=
Taking moment about C AC
sin=
MC=0 2 rhh2
8 r
5068-FB =0 Taking moment about C
cos 20o
FB=399 lb MC=0
Taking forces along x-axis. P(r-h)-mgrsin=0
Fx=0
P(r-h)-mgr 2 rhh2 =0
FC- FBcos20o+50=0 r
FC- 399cos20o+50=0
.
2 rhh2 O=48.86 N
P=mg 3/24 A person holds a 30-kg suitcase by
r h
its handle as indicated in the figure.
3/23 A 35-N axial force at B is required to
Determine the tension in each of the four
open the springloaded plunger of the
identical links AB.
water nozzle. Determine the required force
F applied to the handle at A and the
magnitude of the pin reaction at O. Note
that the plunger passes through a
vertically-elongated hole in the handle at
B, so that negligible vertical force is
transmitted there.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Weight of the suitcase W=60 lb
Number of links is 4.
Let T be the tension in each link,so there
are 2T force in the left and right.
Fy=0
60-4Tsin35o=0
Tsin35o=60
T=26.15 lb
Step2: 3/25 A block placed under the head of the
Let F be the force applied at handle. claw hammer as shown greatly facilitates
Let Ox and Oy be the horizontal and the extraction of the nail. If a 200-N pull on
vertical reactions at point O. the handle is required to pull the nail,
Given that 35N of force is the reactive calculate the tension T in the nail and the
force at B magnitude A of the force exerted by the
Taking moment about O hammer head on the block. The
Mo=0 contacting surfaces at A are sufficiently
3518-Fcos10o(38)- Fsin10o(44)=0 rough to prevent slipping.
45.06F=630
F=13.98 N
Ste3:
Fx=0
Ox-Fcos10o-35=0
Ox-13.98cos10o-35=0
Ox=48.8 N
Fy=0
Oy-Fsin10o=0
Oy=2.43 N
Magnitude of reaction at O

O= O x 2+ O y 2 = 48.82 +2.432
.
mass mL for which the normal forces under

the front and rear wheels are equal.
Soln.
Soln. Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Force applied on the handle F=50 lb Step2:
Let T be the tension in the nail. Let the load weight be WL
Let Ax and Ay be the horizontal and vertical Weight of the truck W=3600 lb
reactions at A respectively. Let the normal forces at A and B be RA
Taking moment about A and RB respectively.
MA=0 Given that the normal forces under the
508-2T=0 front and rear wheels are equal.
T=200 lb RA=RB
Fx=0 Taking moment about A
Fcos20o -Ax=0 MA=0
Ax = 50cos20o 3600(45)+ WL(45+67+16)- RB(45+67)=0
Ax = 46.98 lb 162000+ 128WL-112RB =0 (i)
Fy=0 Considering forces along y-axis.
Fsin20o +Ay-T=0 Fy=0
Ay =T- 50sin20o RA+RB-3600-WL=0
Ay =200- 50sin20o 2RB =3600+ WL (ii)
Ay =182.9 lb Using (ii) in (i)
The magnitude of the force A exerted by 162000+ 128WL-56(3600+WL) =0
the hammer head of the block. 162000+128WL-210600-56WL=0
72WL=39600
A= A x2 + A y2
WL=550 lb
A= 46.982 +182.92 Putting above value in (ii)
A=188.8 lb 2RB =3600+550
3/26 The indicated location of the center of 2RB =4150
mass of the 3600 lb pickup truck is for the RA=RB=2075 lb
unladen condition. If a load whose center 3/27 The wall-mounted 2.5-kg light fixture
of mass is x = 400 mm behind the rear has its mass center at G. Determine the
axle is added to the truck, determine the reactions at A and B and also calculate
.
the moment supported by the adjustment

thumbscrew at C. (Note that the
lightweight frame ABC has about 250 mm
of horizontal tubing, directed into and out
of the paper, at both A and B.)
Taking moment about Cdue to weight W

MC=0
MC=24.53100
MC=2453 Nmm
MC=24.53 Nm
3/28To test the validity ofaerodynamic
assumptions made in the design of the
aircraft, its model is being tested in a wind
tunnel. The support bracket is connected
Soln. to a force and moment balance, which is
Step1:Free body diagram zeroed when there is no airflow. Under
test conditions,the lift L, drag D, and
pitching moment MG act as shown. The
force balance records the lift, drag, and a
moment MP. Determine MG in terms ofL, D,
and MP.
Step2:
Weight of the light W=2.59.81
W=24.53 N
Let Ax,Ay and Bx be the reactions at A and
B respectively.
Soln.
MA=0 (CW+)
Bx230-24.53300=0
Bx=32 N
Considering fores along x-axis
Fx=0
Ax-Bx=0
Ax-32=0
Ax=32 N
Step3:Free body diagram of fixture only
Step2:
Taking moment about P
MP=0
MP-MG-Ld-Dh=0
MG=MP-Ld-Dh=0
3/29 The chain binder is used to secure
loads of logs,lumber, pipe, and the like. If
the tension T1 is 2 kN when =30o,
determine the force P required on the
.
lever and the corresponding tension T2 for

this position.Assume that the surface
under A is perfectly smooth.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Tension T1=2 kN
=30o
Let Ay be the reaction at support A
MA=0 (CW+)
P600-2100sin30o=0
P=0.1667 kN
Step2:
Force applied at handle F=30 lb
Fx=0
Let the reaction forces at B and C are RB
T2-T1+P sin30o=0
and RC respectively.
T2-25+0.16670.5=0
Considering triangle BCO
T2=1.92 kN
3/30 The device shown is designed to
apply pressure when bonding laminate to
each side of a countertop near an edge. If
a 120-N force is applied to the handle,
determine the force which each roller
exerts on its corresponding surface.
OB=3.5tan45o
OB=3.5
BC= OB2 +OC 2
BC= 3.52+ 3.52
BC=4.95
Taking moment about C
MC=0
B3.5-305.5cos45o=0
.
3.5B=116.67
B=33.43 lb
Considering fores along y-axis
Fy=0
C-B-30=0
C-33.34-30=0
C=63.34 lb
3/31 The two light pulleys are fastened
together and form an integral unit.They
are prevented from turning about their 125
bearing at O by a cable wound securely sin=
325
around the smaller pulley and fastened to =22.62o
point A.Calculate the magnitude R of the Taking moment about O
force supported by Mo=0 (CCW+)
the bearing O for the applied 2kN load. 2200-T125=0
T=3.2 kN
Fx=0
3.2cos22.62o+Rx=0
Rx=-2.95 kN
Considering fores along y-axis
Fy=0
Ry-2-3.2sin22.62o=0
Ry=3.23 kN
Magnitude of the reaction force R

R= R x 2 + R y 2
R= (2.95) +(3.23)
2 2
R=4.37 kN
Soln. 3/32 In a procedure to evaluate the
Step1:Free body diagram strength of the triceps muscle, a person
pushes down on a load cell with the palm
of his hand as indicated in the figure. If the
load-cell reading is 160 N, determine the
vertical tensile force F generated by the
triceps muscle. The mass of the lower arm
is 1.5 kg with mass center at G. State any
assumptions.
Step2:
Weight acting on the pulley W=2 kN
Let T be the tension in the cable at A
Let Rx and Ry be the reactions at O
Considering the triangle
Soln.
.
Step2:
Step2: Weight of the lower arm is 3.2 lb
Weight of the lower arm is 3.2 lb Let F be the force is the Brichiates
Let F be the force in the triceps muscle muscle load in the palm is 20 lb.
load at the palm is 35 lb tan= 2/8
Taking moment about O =14.04o
Mo=0 (CCW+) Taking moment about E
35(6+6)-3.26-F1=0 ME=0 (CCW+)
-F= - 401 Fcos14.04o(2)-G6-2014=0
F=401 lb 1.94F-3.26-280=0
3/33 A person is performing slow arm curls F=154.23 lb
with a 10-kg weight as indicated in the Considering fores along x-axis
figure. The brachialis muscle group Fx=0
(consisting of the biceps and brachialis Ex-Fsin14.04o=0
muscles) is the major factor in this Ex-154.23sin14.04o=0
exercise. Determine the magnitude F of Ex=37.4 lb
the brachialis-musclegroup force and the Considering fores along y-axis
magnitude E of the elbow joint reaction at Fy=0
point E for the forearm position shown in Ey-3.2-20+Fcos14.04o=0
the figure. Take the dimensions shown to Ey=-126.4 lb
locate the effective points of application of Resultant force at E
the two muscle groups; these points are
200 mm directly above E and 50 mm
E= Ex 2 + E y 2
directly to the right of E. Include the effect E= (37.4) +(126.4)
2 2
of the 1.5-kg forearm mass with mass E=131.82 lb

center at point G. State any assumptions. 3/34 A woman is holding a 3.6-kg sphere
in her hand with the entire arm held
horizontally as shown in the figure. A
tensile force in the deltoid muscle prevents
the arm from rotating about the shoulder
joint O; this force acts at the 21o angle
shown.Determine the force exerted by the
deltoid muscle on the upper arm at A and
the x- and y-components of the force
reaction at the shoulder joint O. The mass
of the upper arm is mU =1.9 kg, the mass
of the lower arm is mL = 1.1 kg, and the
mass of the hand is mH = 0.4 kg; all the
corresponding weights act at the locations
shown in the figure.
Soln.
.
patellar tendon force is along its midline.

Neglect the weight of the lower leg.
Soln.
Soln.
Step2:
Weight of the upper arm Wu=1.99.81 N
Weight of the lower arm Wl=1.19.81 N
Weight of the hand Wh=0.49.81 N
Weight of the sphere W=3.69.81 N
Let T be the tensile force acting in the
deltoid muscle.
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at joint O
Mo=0 (CCW+)
Fsin21o(125)-1.99.81130-1.19.81 Step2:
412- (3.6+0.4) 9.816.35=0 Let F be the force in the patellar tendon.
31786.362 Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O.
F= o Let W / 2 be the weighton one leg.
125 sin 21
F=710 N Taking moment about O
Considering fores along x-axis Mo=0 (CCW+)
Fx=0 W
F50 - 225=0
Ox-Fcos21o=0 2
Ox =662.8 N F=2.25W
Considering fores along y-axis Considering fores along x-axis
Fy=0 Fx=0
Oy+710sin21o-1.99.81-1.19.81- Fcos55o-Ox=0
0.49.81-3.69.81=0 2.25cos55o-Ox=0
Oy=-185.7 N Ox=1.29W
3/35 With his weight W equally distributed Considering fores along y-axis
on both feet, a man begins to slowly rise Fy=0
from a squatting position as indicated in W
Fsin55o+ +Oy=0
the figure. Determine the tensile force F in 2
the patellar tendon and the magnitude of 2.25sin55o+ 0.5W+Oy=0
the force reaction at point O, which is the Oy=-2.34W
contact area between the tibia and the Magnitude of the reaction at O
femur. Note that the line of action of the O= O x 2+ O y 2
.
O= (1.29 W )2+(2.34 W )2
O=2.67W
3/36 The elements of an on-off
mechanism for a table lamp are shown in
the figure. The electrical switch S requires
a 4N force in order to depress it.
Whatcorresponding force F must be
exerted on the handleat A?
Where M=F(2.4cos15o)
Mo=0 (CW+)
0.91.2- F(2.4cos15o)-F(3.6cos15o)=0
1.8-2.318-3.477F=0
F=0.186 lb
3/37 The uniform 18-kg bar OA is held in
the position shown by the smooth pin at O
and the cable AB. Determine the tension
Soln. T in the cable and the magnitude and
Step1:Free body diagram direction of the external pin reaction at O.
Soln.
Step2: Step1:Free body diagram
The force at S is 0.9 lb
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O.
The force has been replaced by a force-
couple system at B.
Sstep2:
.
Weight of the bar OA W=189.81

Let T be the tension in the cable AB
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O.
o
1.5 sin 60
tan= o
1.2+1.5 cos 60
1.299
tan=
1.95
=33.7o
Mo=0 (CW+)
Tsin33.7o1.5cos60o-Tcos33.7o1.5sin60o
1.5 Step2:
+ 189.81 cos60o=0 Weight of the cart W=40 lb
2
0.42T-1.08T+66.22=0 Let Ax and Ay be the horizontal and vertical
0.66T=66.22 reactions at A respectively.
T=100 N Let F be the extended force.
Step3: The reaction R at B is zero at the point
Considering fores along x-axis trepping.
Fx=0 Taking moment about A
Ox-100c0s33.7o=0 MA=0
Ox=83.45 N 407-Fcos15o(15+8)+Fsin15o3=0
Considering fores along y-axis 280-21.44F=0
Fy=0 F=13.06 lb
Oy-189.81-100sin33.7o=0 3/39 The exercise machine is designed
Oy=232 N with a lightweight cart which is mounted
Magnitude of the reaction at O on small rollers so that it is
free to move along the inclined ramp. Two
O= O x 2+ O y 2 cables are attached to the cart-one for
O= (83.45) +(232)
2 2
each hand. If the hands are together so
O=246 N that the cables are parallel and if each
3/38 A person attempts to move a 20-kg cable lies essentially in a vertical plane,
shop vacuum by pulling on the hose as determine the force P which each hand
indicated. What force F will cause the unit must exert on its cable in order to maintain
to tip clockwise if wheel A is against an equilibrium position.The mass of the
obstruction? person is 70 kg, the ramp angle is 15o,
and the angle is 18o. In addition,
calculate the force R which the ramp
exerts on the cart.
Soln.
Soln.
.
Step2:
Force exerted by the spring on OB=83 lb
Step2: Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O.
Weight of the person W=709.81 N Taking moment about O
Inclination of the ramp =15o Mo=0
Let R be the force exerted by the ramp M-836=0
on the cart. M=498 l.in
Let P be the force exerted by each hand. Considering free body diagram of OA
Considering the forces along the inclined
plane.
Fx=0
709.81sin15o-2P-2Pcos18o=0
177.73-3.90P=0
P=45.6 N
Considering the forces perpendicular to
the plane.
R-709.81sin15o-2Psin18o=0
R=663.3+245.6 sin18o
R=691N
3/40 The device shown is used to test
automobile-engine valve springs. The Taking moment at O
torque wrench is directly connected to arm M=Fcos20o15
OB. The specification for the automotive 498=14.095F
intake-valve spring is that 370 N of force F=35.3 lb
should reduce its length from 50 mm
(unstressed length) to 42 mm. What is the
corresponding reading M on the torque
wrench, and what force F exerted on the
torque-wrench handle is required to
produce this reading? Neglect the small
effects of changes in the angular position
of arm OB.
Soln.
.
Commonly used bridge trusses.
Truss:A framework composed of members

joined at their ends to form arigid structure
is called a truss. e.g;
Trusses of roofing system, bridge trusses,
transmission towers etc.
Types of trusses: There are two types of
trusses.
i) Plane truss
ii) Space truss
Plane Truss: When the members of the
truss lie essentially in a single plane, the
truss is called a plane truss.
Space Truss: When the members of the
truss do not lie in the same plane, the
truss is called space truss.
Type of plane trusses depending upon
the arrangement of members.
SimpleTruss:A truss which is constructed

from a basic triangular structure to such a
manner that to increase new elements,
.
two members and one joint is added, is Where

known as simple truss. r=number of reactions
N=number of equilibrium equations
Compound Truss: A compound truss is available.
formed by connecting two or more simple
trusses. Internal Determinacy: It can be checked
if minimum number of reacting
Complex Truss: It is a truss which cannot components necessary for the external
determinacy and stability are known.
be classified as simple or compound.
m+r=2j
Assumptions in the analysis and design of where
m=number of members
trusses.
r=
j=
1-Members are joined together by smooth
The structure will be stable and
pins, although the members are riveted,
determinate if
bolted and welded.
m+r > 2j
2-The centre line of all the members are
concurrent at the joint.
Sample Problem 4/1
3-All the loads are only applied at the
Compute the force in each member of the
joints and the weight of the members is loaded cantilever truss by the method of
assumed negligible so there will be only joints.
axial forces (tension or compression).
Stability and Determinacy of Trusses.

Stability:
External Stability: A truss will be external
unstable if all the reactions are concurrent
or parallel.
Internal Stability: A truss will be internally
stable if it is not liable to collapse. A simple
truss is always internally stable.
Indeterminacy:A truss will be indetermina-
te in which all support reactions and
internal forces cannot be calculated only
by available equilibrium equations for a
Soln.
given system of forces.
Degree of indeterminacy: The access of
total number of reactive components or
access of members over the available
equilibrium equations is known as degree
of determinacy.
It is convenient to consider stability and
determinacy as follows:
1-With respect to reactions. e.g; external
stability and determinacy.
2-With respect to members. e.g; internal
stability and determinacy.
3-The combination of internal and external
conditions. Step2:
External Determinacy: A determinate Taking moment about E,
structure should have at least three ME=0
reactions. 5T-20(5)-30(10)=0
Ne=r-N 5T=400
T=80 kN
.
FX=0
80cos30o-EX=0
EX=69.3 kN
FY=0
80sin30o+EY-30-20=0
EY=10 kN
Step3: Considering the joint A
FY=0
CD Sin60o-BC Sin60o-20=0
CD(0.866)-34.6(0.866)-20=0
0.866CD-30-20=0
0.866CD=50
CD=57.7 kN (T)
FX=0
BC cos60o-CD cos60o-AC-CE=0
FY=0 34.6(0.5)-57.7(0.5)-17.32-CE=0
AB Sin60o-30=0 CE=63.5 kN (C)
0.866AB=30 Step6: Finally consider joint E
AB=34.6 kN (T)
FX=0
-AC+AB cos60o=0
-AC+34.6(0.5)=0
AC=17.32 kN (C)
Step4: Considering joint B
FY=0
-DE Sin60o+10=0
0.866DE=10
FY=0 DE=11.55 kN
BC Sin60o-AB Sin60o=0 FX=0
0.866BC-34.6(0.866)=0 DE cos60o+63.5-69.3=0
BC=34.6 kN(C) 11.55(0.5)-5.8=0
FX=0 0=0 checks
BD-AB cos600-BC cos60o=0
BD-34.6(0.5)-34.6(0.5)=0
BD=34.6 kN (T)
Step5: Considering joint C
.

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Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.

PROBLEMS the scalar and vector

Step 1: Magnitude of force F=600 lb

2/3 The slope of the 4.8-kN force

x-components of resultant force

AB transmits a 260-N force P to the

Step2:Magnitude of force P=260

75=F cos40o Fn= -800 sin400

2/14 To satisfy design limitations

2/17 Determine the components of the

Let Pa and Pb be the projections of

2/20 It is desired to remove the

T P mm.When pin P is in the position

Step2: Step1:Free body diagram

400 1000 By resolving forces,

equivalent forces, Fx in the x-

Step2:Magnitude of force F=200 lb

Position vector of A,OA=-15i-20j

Magnitude of force F=120 N 2/35 A force F of magnitude 60 N is

Step2: Given that force F=120 lb

Step2: Given that

Taking moment about O

Step2: Given that

Soln. Step2: Method1

Considering the force applied at D

c) For the moment to be maximum the

throw OA is half the stroke of 8in, AB

2/60 The indicated forcecouple

2/58 A force F=60 N acts along the line

2/61 The bracket is spot welded to the

2/59 The top view of a revolving

Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.

2/66 During a steady right turn, a

Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.

consists of a tangential component

2/69 The tie-rod AB exerts the 250-N

2/67 The 180-N force is applied to the

2/70 The combined drive wheels of a

2/71 The system consisting of the bar

OA,two identicalpulleys, and a section ascertain the forces supported by the

2/74 The angle plate is subjected to

2/75 The weld at O can support a

2/76 The device shown is a part of an

Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.

Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.

2/80 Determine the height h above the

2/78 Determine the resultant R of the

2/82 Under nonuniform and slippery

Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.

2/86 A commercial airliner with four jet

2/84 Determine the magnitude of the

2/87 Replace the three forces acting

2/85 Determine and locate the

Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.

2/88 The directions of the two thrust

2/89 Determine the resultant R of the

2/92 In the equilibrium position shown,

2/90 The gear and attached V-belt

Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.

2/93Two integral pulleys are subjected

2/96 The rolling rear wheel of a front-

2/95 Under nonuniform and slippery 2/97 A rear-wheel-drive car is stuck in

Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of Lahore.