Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
128
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
2. AffinityandunityoftheEesinterest,such A:No.Whiletheexistenceofabargaininghistoryis
as substantial similarity of work and afactorthatmaybereckonedwithindetermining
duties, or similarity of compensation and the appropriate bargaining unit, the same is not
working conditions. (Substantial Mutual decisive or conclusive. Other factors must be
InterestRule) considered. The test of grouping is community or
3. Priorcollectivebargaininghistory mutuality of interests. This is so because the basic
4. Similarityofemploymentstatus.(SMCv. testofanassertedbargainingunitsacceptabilityis
Laguesma, G.R. No. 100485, Sep. 21, whetherornotitisfundamentallythecombination
1994) whichwillbestassuretoallEestheexerciseoftheir
CB rights. (Democratic Labor Assn v. Cebu
Q:Whatarethefactorsconsideredindetermining Stevedoring Company, Inc., G.R. No. L10321, Feb.
thesubstantialmutualinterestdoctrine? 28,1958)
A: 1. Similarity in the scale and manner of Q:Whatisoneunion,onecompanypolicy?
determiningearnings
2. Similarity in employment benefits, hours A:GR:ItistheproliferationofunionsinanErunit.
of work, and other terms and conditions Suchisdiscouragedasamatterofpolicyunless
ofemployment therearecompellingreasonswhichwoulddeny
3. Similarityinthekindsofworkperformed a certain class of Ees to the right to self
4. Similarity in the qualifications, skills and organization for purposes of collective
trainingofEes bargaining(CB).
5. Frequency of contract or interchange
amongtheEes XPNs:
6. Geographicalproximity 1. SupervisoryEeswhoareallowedtoform
7. Continuity and integration of production their own unions apart from the rank
processes andfileEesand
8. Common supervision and determination 2. ThepolicyshouldyieldtotherightofEes
oflaborrelationspolicy to form union for purposes not contrary
9. HistoryofCB tolaw,selforganizationandtoenterinto
10. DesiresoftheaffectedEesor CBnegotiations.
11. Extentofunionorganization
Note: Two companies cannot be treated into a single
Q:AregisteredlaborunioninUP,ONAPUP,fileda bargaininguniteveniftheirbusinessesarerelated.
petitionforcertificationelection(PCE)amongthe
Subsidiaries or corporations formed out of former
nonacademicEes.Theuniversitydidnotoppose,
divisions of a mother company following a re
however,anotherlaborunion,theAllUPWorkers
organization may constitute a separate bargaining
Union assents that it represents both academic
unit.
andnonacademicpersonnelandseekstouniteall
workers in 1 union. Do Ees performing academic
Q:UnionfiledaPCEamongtherankandfileEes
functions need to comprise a bargaining unit
of three security agencies including the Veterans
distinctfromthatofthenonacademicEes?
Security.Thelatteropposedallegingthatthethree
security agencies have separate and distinct
A: Yes. The mutuality of interest test should be
corporatepersonalities.MayasinglePCEfiledbya
takenintoconsideration.Therearetwoclassesof
labor union in the three corporations instead of
rankandfileEesintheuniversitythatis,thosewho
filing3separatepetitions?
performacademicfunctionssuchastheprofessors
andinstructors,andthosewhosefunctionarenon
A: Yes. The following are indications that the 3
academic who are the janitors, messengers, clerks
agencies do not exist and operate separately and
etc.Thus,notmuchreflectionisneededtoperceive
distinctly from each other with different corporate
that the mutuality of interest which justifies the
direction and goals: 1) Veterans Security failed to
formation of a single bargaining unit is lacking
rebut the fact that they are managed through the
between the two classes of Ees. (U.P. v. Ferrer
Utilities Management Corp with all their Ees
Calleja,G.R.No.96189,July14,1992)
drawing their salaries and wages from the said
entity; 2) that the agencies have common and
Q:Isthebargaininghistoryadecisivefactorinthe
interlockingincorporatorsandofficers;3)thatthey
determination of appropriateness of bargaining
haveasinglemutualbenefitsystemandfolloweda
unit?
single system of compulsory retirement. 4) they
could easily transfer security guards of one agency
129
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
to another and back again by simply fillingup a through the Labor Relations Division shall, within 10
common proforma slip; 5) they always hold joint daysfromreceiptofthenotice,recordthefactofVRin
yearly ceremonies such as the PGA Annual Awards its roster of legitimate labor unions and notify the
Ceremony;and6)theycontinuetoberepresented laborunionconcerned.
byonecounsel.
Q:Whatarethethree(3)conditionstovoluntary
Hence, the veil of corporate fiction of the 3 recognition(VR)?
agencies should be lifted for the purpose of
allowing the Ees of the 3 agencies to form single A:VRrequires3concurrentconditions:
union.Asasinglebargainingunit,theEesneednot
file 3 separate PCE. (Philippine Scout Veterans 1. VR is possible only in an unorganized
Security and Investigation Agency v. SLE, G.R. No. establishment.
92357,July21,1993)
2. Onlyoneunionmustaskforrecognition.If
(2)VoluntaryRecognition there 2 or more unions asking to be
recognized, the Er cannot recognize any
Q: What are the 3 methods of determining the of them; the rivalry must be resolved
bargainingrepresentative? throughanelection.
A:
1. Voluntaryrecognition
2. Certificationelectionwithorwithoutrun 3. The union voluntarily recognized should
off bethemajorityunionasindicatedbythe
3. Consentelection fact that members of the bargaining unit
did not object to the projected
Q:Whatisvoluntaryrecognition(VR)? recognition. If no objection is raised, the
recognitionwillproceed,theDOLEwillbe
A:Theprocessbywhichalegitimatelaborunionis informed and CBA recognition will
recognized by the employer (Er) as the exclusive commence. If objection is raised, the
bargaining representative or agent in a bargaining recognition is barred and a certification
unit, reported with the Regional Office. (Sec. 1 election or consent election will have to
[bbb],RuleI,BookV,IRR) takeplace.
Q:WhataretherequirementsforVR? Note: In an organized establishment, voluntary
recognitionisnotpossible.ApetitiontoholdaCEhas
A: The notice of VR shall be accompanied by the tobefiledwithinthefreedomperiodwhichmeansthe
originalcopyand2duplicatecopiesofthefollowing last 60 days of the 5th year of the expiring CBA. The
reqts: petition may be filed by any Legitimate Labor
Organization(LLO),butthepetitionmusthavewritten
1. JointstatementunderoathofVR support of at least 25% of the Ees in the bargaining
unit.
2. Certificate of posting of joint statement
for 15 consecutive days in at least 2 Q:WhereandwhentofilethepetitionforVR?
conspicuous places in the establishment
ofthebargainingunit A: Within 30 days from such recognition, Er shall
submit a notice of VR with the Regional Office
3. Certificateofposting which issued the recognized labor unions
certificate of registration or certificate of creation
4. Approximate number of Ees in the ofacharteredlocal.
bargaining unit and the names of those
whosupportedtherecognition Q: What are the effects of recording of fact of
voluntaryrecognition(VR)?
5. Statementthatthelaborunionistheonly
A:
LLOoperatingwithinthebargainingunit.
1. The recognized labor union shall enjoy
Note: Where the notice of voluntary recognition is
therights,privilegesandobligationsofan
sufficient in form, number and substance and where existing bargaining agent of all the
thereisnoregisteredlaborunionoperatingwithinthe employees(Ees)inthebargainingunit.
bargaining unit concerned, the Regional Office, 2. Itshallalsobarthefilingofapetitionfor
certification election by any labor
130
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
131
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
uniononly thatincludeseventhe
Note:Anationalunionorfederationfilingapetitionin
membersofthedefeated
behalf of its local/chapter shall not be required to
unions.
disclose the names of the local/chapters officers and
members, but shall attach to the petition the charter
certificate it issued to its local/chapter. (Sec. 1, Rule Note: Both in CE and union election, the prescribed
VIII,BookV,IRRasamendedbyD.O.40F03) proceduresshouldbefollowed.
Q:Mayanemployeeinterveneinthepetitionfor Q:Cana"nounion"wininacertificationElection
(CE)?
certificationelection(PCE)?
A:Yes.BecausetheobjectiveinaCEistoascertain
A: Yes, for the purpose of protecting his individual
the majority representation of the bargaining
right.(Sec.1,RuleVIII,BookV,IRRasamendedby
representative,iftheEesdesiretoberepresented
D.O.4003)
at all by anyone. Hence, no union is one of the
choicesinaCE.(2006BarQuestion)
Q:WhereisPCEfiled?
AlternativeAnswer:
A: It shall be filed with the Regional Office which
issued the petitioning union's certificate of No.AnounioncannotwininaCE.Thepurposeofa
registration/certificate of creation of chartered CE is to select an excusive bargaining agent and a
local.(ImplementingRules,asamendedbyD.O.40 nounionvotewouldpreciselymeanthatthevoter
03) isnotchoosinganyofthecontendingunions.Ifthe
nounion votes constitute a majority of the valid
Q:WhoshallhearandresolvethePCE? votescast,thisfactwillall themoremeanthatno
union won in CE. A oneyear bar will consequently
A:TheMediatorArbiter. stop the holding of another CE to allow the Er to
enjoyindustrialpeaceforatleastoneyear.
Q:WhentofilePCE?
Q: In what instance may a PCE be filed outside
A: The proper time to file the PCE depends on the freedom period of acurrentCBA?
whethertheCertifiedBargainingUnithasaCBAor
not: A: As a general rule, in an establishment where
there is a CBA in force and effect, a PCE may be
1. IfithasnoCBA,thepetitionmaybefiled filed only during the freedomperiod of such CBA.
anytime outside the 12month bar But to have that effect, the CBA should have been
(certificationyear). filedandregisteredwiththeDOLE.(Art.231,253A
2. IfithasCBA,itcanbefiledonlywithinthe and256,LC).(1997BarQuestion)
th
last60daysofthe5 yearoftheCBA.
Thus,aCBAthathasnotbeenfiledandregistered
Note: Attheexpirationofthefreedomperiod,theEr with the DOLE cannot be a bar to a CE and such
shall continue to recognize the majority status of the electioncanbeheldoutsidethefreedomperiodof
incumbentbargainingagentwherenoPCEisfiled. suchCBA.
132
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
133
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
134
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
A: bargainingwhich,despitenobleintentions,didnot
1. TheCBAisunregistered concludeinanagreementbetweentheparties.
2. TheCBAisinadequateandincomplete
3. The CBA was hastily entered into Q:Whatisdeadlockbarrule?
(Doctrineofprematureextension)
4. Withdrawal of affiliation from the A: Apetitionforcertificationelection(PCE) cannot
contracting union brought about by be entertained if, before the filing of the PCE, a
schismormassdisaffiliation bargaining deadlock to which an incumbent or
5. Contract where the identity of the certified bargaining agent is a party, had been
representative is in doubt. (ALU v. Ferrer submitted to conciliation or arbitration or had
Calleja,G.R.No.85085,Nov.6,1989) becomethesubjectofavalidstrikeorlockout.
6. CBAenteredintobetweentheErandthe
union during the pendency of a petition Q: What are the indications of a genuine
for CE (Vassar Industries Ees Union v. deadlock?
Estrella,G.R.No.L46562,Mar.31,1978)
7. CBA conducted between the Er and the A:
unionisnotbartoacertificationelection 1. Thesubmissionofthedeadlocktoathird
filed by another union and said CBA can partyconciliatororarbitrator;and
berenegotiatedattheoptionofthenew 2. The deadlock is the subject of a valid
bargainingagent.(ATUv.Hon.Noriel,G.R. noticestrikeorlockout.
No.L48367,Jan.16,1979)
8. ACBAregisteredwithfalsifiedsupporting Q:CapitolMedicalCenterEesAssociationAlliance
documents ofFilipinoWorkers(CMCEAAFW)emergedasthe
9. CBA was concluded in violation of an certifiedrepresentativeoftherankandfileEesat
orderenjoiningthepartiesfromentering Capitol Medical Center (CMC). Due to CMCs
into a CBA until the issue of refusaltobargaincollectively,CMCEAAFWfileda
representationisresolved noticeofstrikeandlateronstagedthestrikeafter
10. Petition is filed during the 60day complying with the other legal reqts. The SLE
freedomperiod. assumed jurisdiction over the case and issued an
order certifying the same to the NLRC for
Note:Basictothecontractbarruleistheproposition compulsoryarbitration.Duringalloftheseevents
thatthedelayoftherighttoselectrepresentativescan Capitol Medical Center Alliance of Concerned
bejustifiedonlywherestabilityisdeemedparamount. employees (Ees)Unified Filipino Service Workers
Excepted from the contract bar rule are certaintypes filedapetitionforCEamongtheregularrankand
of contracts which do not foster industrial stability, fileEesofCMC.ThepetitionforCEwasdismissed
such as contracts where the identity of the and the CMC was directed to negotiate with
representativeisindoubt.Anystabilityderivedfrom CMCEAAFW.WasthedismissalofthePCEproper?
such contracts must be subordinated to the Ees
freedom of choice because it does not establish the A: Yes, if the law proscribes the conduct of a CE
type of industrial peace contemplated by law. when there is a bargaining deadlock submitted to
(Firestone Tire & Rubber Company Ees Union v. conciliationorarbitration,withmorereasonshould
Estrella,G.R.No.L4551314,Jan.6,1978) itnotbeconductedif,despiteattemptstobringan
Er to the negotiation table by the certified
Q: Can the BLR certify a union as the exclusive bargaining agent, there was "no reasonable effort
bargaining representative after showing proof of ingoodfaith"ontheErtobargaincollectively.
majority representation thru union membership
cardswithoutconductinganelection? Thecircumstancesinthiscaseshouldbeconsidered
as similar in nature to a "bargaining deadlock"
A:No.The LC (In Arts. 256,257and258)provides whennoCEcouldbeheld.Thisisalsotomakesure
only for a CE as the mode for determining that no floodgates will be opened for the
theexclusivecollectivebargaining representative circumvention of the law by unscrupulous Ers to
if there is a question of representation in an prevent any certified bargaining agent from
appropriatebargainingunit.(1998BarQuestion) negotiatingaCBA.Sec.3,(RuleVIII),BookVofthe
IRRshouldbeinterpretedliberallysoastoincludea
Q:Whendoesdeadlockarise?
circumstancewhereaCBAcouldnotbeconcluded
duetothefailureofonepartytowillinglyperform
A: It arises when there is an impasse, which
its duty to bargain collectively. (Capitol Medical
presupposes reasonable effort at good faith
CenterAllianceofConcernedEesv.Laguesma,G.R.
No.118915,Feb.4,1997)
135
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
1. Anelectionwhichprovidesfor3ormore A:
choicesresultsinnoneofthecontending 1. Majority of the eligible voters cast their
unions receiving a majority of the valid votes.
votescast,and 2. Majorityofthevalidvotescastisforsuch
2. There are no objections or challenges union.
whichifsustainedcanmateriallyalterthe
results,provided Q:Howtodeterminethedoublemajorityrule?
3. The total number of votes for all the
contending unions is at least 50% of the A:
numberofvotescast.(Sec.1,RuleX,Book 1. Indeterminingtheeligiblevotescast(first
V,IRR) majority)includespoiledballots
4. Not one of the choices obtained the 2. In determining valid votes (second
majority of the valid votes cast (50%+ 1 majority), eliminate spoiled ballots but
secondmajority); includedthechallengedvotes.
5. The two choices which garnered the
highest votes will be voted and the one
which garners the highest number of
136
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
137
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
votes. processedbytheLaborRelationsDivision
attheRO.
In both instances, the no
unionisalsoachoice. 2. Federations, national unions or workers
association operating in more than one
Note: Petition for cancellation of registration is not a regionItisfiledwiththeBLRoftheRO,
bar to a PCE. No prejudicial question shall be butshallbeprocessedbytheBLR.
entertained in a petition for certification election.
(D.O.4003) Q:WhatisthedutyoftheBLRafteraLOhadfiled
the necessary papers and documents for
(7)AffiliationandDisaffiliationoftheLocalUnion
registration?
fromtheMotherUnion
A:ItbecomesmandatoryfortheBLRtocheckifthe
Q:Howisalocalchaptercreated?
reqts under Art. 234 of the LC have been
sedulously complied with. If its application for
A: A duly registered federation or national union
registration is vitiated by falsification and serious
may directly create a local/ chapter by issuing a
irregularities,especiallythoseappearingontheface
chartercertificateindicatingtheestablishmentofa
oftheapplicationandthesupportingdocuments,a
local/chapter.
LO should be denied recognition as a LLO.
(ProgressiveDevtCorp.PizzaHutv.Laguesma,G.R.
1. Thechaptershallacquirelegalpersonality
No.115077,April18,1997)
only for purposes of filing a petition for
certificationelectionfromthedateitwas
Q: Within what period should the BLR act on the
issuedachartercertificate
applicationssubmittedbeforeit?
2. The chapter shall be entitled to all other
rights and privileges of a legitimate labor A: It shall act on all applications for registration
organization (LLO) only upon the within10mdaysfromreceipteitherby:
submissionofthefollowingdocumentsin
additiontoitschartercertificate: 1. Approvingtheapplicationandissuingthe
a. Names of the chapters officers, certificate of registration/acknowledging
their addresses, and the principal thenotice/report;or
officeofthechapter 2. Denyingtheapplication/noticeforfailure
b. Chaptersconstitutionandbylaws of the applicant to comply with the
c. Where the chapters constitution requirementsforregistration/notice(D.O.
and bylaws are the same as that of 4003,RuleIV,Sec.4,seriesof2003)
thefederationorthenationalunion,
this fact shall be indicated Note:Allrequisitedocumentsshallbe:
accordingly 1. Certified under oath by the secretary or
3. The genuineness and due execution of treasurer of the organization, as the case
thesupportingrequirementsshallbe: maybeand
a. Certifiedunderoathbythesecretary 2. AttestedtoitbyitsPresident.
ortreasurerofthelocal/chapter,and
b. Attestedtobyitspresident(Sec.2[e], Q:MaytheBLRreviewtheissuanceofacertificate
Rule III, Book V, IRR, as amended by ofregistration?
D.O.40F03)
A: No. The BLR has the duty to review the
Note: Under the LC and therules, the powergranted application for registration not the issuance of a
to LOs to directly create a chapter or local through certificateofregistration.
chartering is given to a federation or national union
only, not to a trade union center. (SMCEU v. San Q: Why is a lesser requirement imposed for a
Miguel Packaging Products Ees Union, G.R. No. charteredlocal?
171153,Sep.12,2007)
A:Theintentofthelawinimposinglesserreqtsin
Q:Whereistheapplicationforregistrationfiled?
the case of branch or local of a registered
federation or national union is to encourage the
A:
affiliation of a local union in order to increase the
1. Independent labor unions, chartered
local unions bargaining power respecting terms
localsorworkersassociationsItisfiled
and conditions of labor. (Progressive Devt Corp v.
with the Regional Office (RO). where the
SLE,G.R.No.96425,Feb.4,1992)
applicant principally operates. It shall be
138
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
Q:Whataretherequirementsbeforeafederation 3. Thetotalnumberofmemberscomprising
canbeissuedacertificateofregistration? the labor union and the names of
memberswhoapprovedtheaffiliation;
A: The application for registration of federations 4. The certificate of affiliation issued by the
and national unions shall be accompanied by the federation in favor of the independently
followingdocuments: registeredlaborunion;and
5. Written notice to the employer
1. A statement indicating the name of the concerned if the affiliating union is the
applicant labor union, its principal incumbent bargaining agent. (D.O. 4003,
address,thenameofitsofficersandtheir Rule,III,Sec.7,seriesof2003)
respectiveaddresses;
Q:Whatistheeffectofaffiliation?
2. The minutes of the organizational
meeting(s) and the list of Ees who A:Thelaborunionthataffiliateswithafederationis
participatedinthesaidmeeting(s); subjecttothelawsoftheparentbodyunderwhose
authority the local union functions. The
3. The annual financial reports if the constitution, bylaws and rules of the mother
applicantunionhasbeeninexistencefor federation,togetherwiththecharteritissuestothe
1 or more years, unless it has not local union, constitutes an enforceable contract
collectedanyamountfromthemembers, between them and between the members of the
in which case a statement to this effect subordinate union inter se. Thus, pursuant to the
shallbeincludedintheapplication; constitution and bylaws, the federation has the
righttoinvestigateandexpelmembersofthelocal
4. Theapplicantunion'sconstitutionandby union. (Villar v. Inciong, G.R. No. L5028384, April
laws, minutes of its adoption or 20,1983)
ratification, and the list of the members
whoparticipatedinit.Thelistofratifying Q: May a local union disaffiliate from the
members shall be dispensed with where federation?
the constitution and bylaws was ratified
or adopted during the organizational A:
meeting(s). In such a case, the factual GR: A labor union may disaffiliate from the
circumstances of the ratification shall be mother union to form an independent union
recorded in the minutes of the only during the 60day freedom period
organizationalmeeting(s); immediately preceding the expiration of the
CBA.
5. Theresolutionofaffiliation ofatleast10
LLOs, whether independent unions or XPN: Even before the onset of the freedom
charteredlocals,eachofwhichmustbea period,disaffiliationmaystillbecarriedout,but
duly certified or recognized bargaining such disaffiliation must be effected by the
agentintheestablishmentwhereitseeks majority of the union members in the
tooperate;and bargainingunit.
6. The name and addresses of the Note:Thishappenswhenthereisasubstantialshiftin
companies where the affiliates operate allegianceonthepartofthemajorityofthemembers
and the list of all the members in each of the union. In such a case, however, the CBA
company involved. (D.O. 4003, Rule, III, continues to bind the members of the new or
Sec.2B,seriesof2003) disaffiliated and independent union up to determine
the union which shall administer the CBA may be
conducted. (ANGLOKMU v. Samahan ng
Q:Whataretherequirementsforaffiliation?
Manggagawang Nagkakaisa sa Manila Bay Spinning
MillsatJ.P.Coats,G.R.No.118562,July5,1996)
A: The report of affiliation of independently
registered labor unions with a federation or Q:Whatisthelimitationtodisaffiliation?
national union shall be accompanied by the
followingdocuments: A: Disaffiliation should be in accordance with the
1. Resolution of the labor union's board of rulesandproceduresstatedintheconstitutionand
directorsapprovingtheaffiliation; bylaws of the federation. A local union may
2. Minutes of the general membership disaffiliatewithitsmotherfederationprovidedthat
meetingapprovingtheaffiliation; thereisnoenforceableprovisioninthefederations
139
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
140
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
Q: How is appeal taken with regard to denial or a. Failure to comply with any of the
cancellationofregistration? reqtsunderArt.234,237and238of
theLC.
A: b. ViolationofanyprovisionunderArt.
DENIALORCANCELLATIONOFREGISTRATION 239,LC.
ByRegionaloffice ByBLR
Transmitrecordswithin24hours 2. For federations, national or industry
fromreceiptoftheMemoofAppeal unions, trade union centers Only
BLRwilldecideonthe members of the labor organization (LO)
SLEdecidesonthematter
matterwithin20days concerned may file if the grounds are
within20daysfrom
fromreceiptofthe actions involving violations of Art. 241,
receiptofrecords
records subjecttothe30%rule.
AppealtoCAviaRule65
Q:Whatistheeffectofcancellationofregistration
Note: Appeal is by memo of appeal within 10 days
if the cancellation is made in the course of the
fromreceiptofnotice.
proceedings?
Q:Whocancelsthecertificateofregistration?
A: Where a labor union is a party in a proceeding
and later it loses its registration permit in the
A: The certificate of registration of any LLO,
course or during the pendency of the case, such
whethernationalorlocal,maybecancelledbythe
union may continue as party without need of
BLR, after due hearing, only on the grounds
substitution of parties, subject however to the
specifiedinArt.239.(asamendedbyR.A.9481)
understanding that whatever decision may be
Q:Whatistheeffectofapetitionforcancellation renderedwillbebindingonlyuponthosemembers
orofunionregistration? oftheunionwhohavenotsignifiedtheirdesireto
withdrawfromthecasebeforeitstrialanddecision
A: It shall not suspend the proceedings for onthemerits.
certification election (CE) nor shall it prevent the
filingofCE. Note: Rationale: Principle of agency is applied the
Eesaretheprincipals,andtheLOismerelyanagentof
the former, consequently, the cancellation of the
Incaseofcancellation,nothinghereinshallrestrict
unionsregistrationwouldnotdeprivetheconsenting
the right of the union to seek just and equitable
memberEesoftheirrighttocontinuethecaseasthey
remediesintheappropriatecourts.
areconsideredastheprincipals.
Q: Where is a petition for cancellation of
Q:Whatarethegroundsforcancellationofunion
registration or application for voluntary
registration?
dissolutionfiled?
A:
A:
1. Misrepresentation, false statement or
1. For legitimate independent labor unions,
fraudinconnectionwiththe:
local/chapter and workers association
a. Adoption or application of the
It shall be filed with the Regional Office
constitution and bylaws or
which issued its certificate of registration
amendmentsthereto
orcreation.
b. Minutesofratificationand
2. For federations, national or industry and
c. Listofmemberswhotookpartinthe
tradeunioncentersItshallbefiledwith
ratification;
the BLR. (Sec. 1, Rule XIV, Book V, IRR as
d. Electionofofficers
amendedbyD.O.40F03)
e. Minutes of the election of officers
and
Q: Who may file a petition for cancellation of
f. Listofvoters(Art.239asamended)
registration?
A: 2. Voluntary dissolution by the members.
1. For legitimate individual labor union, (asamendedbyR.A.9481)
charteredlocalandworkersassociation
Note:Apronouncementastothelegalityofthestrike
Any partyininterest may file a petition
isnotwithinthemeaningofArt.239oftheLC.
for cancellation of registration if the
groundis:
141
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Q: What are the prohibited grounds for Rule V, Book V, IRR, as amended by D.O.
cancellationofunionregistration? 40F03)
A:
1. TheinclusionasunionmemberofEeswho Note:Failuretosubmitreportorialrequirementsisno
are outside the bargaining unit shall not longer a ground for cancellation but shall subject the
be a ground to cancel the union erring officers or members to suspension, expulsion
registration. The ineligible Ees are from membership, or any appropriate penalty (Art.
automatically deemd removed from the 242A,asinsertedbyR.A.9481).
list of membership of the union as.(Art.
245AasamendedbyRA9481) Q:Whatisthesuccessorininterestdoctrine?
2. The affiliation of the rankandfile and
A:
supervisory unions operating within the
GR: It is when an Er with an existing CBA is
same establishment to the same
succeeded by another Er, the successorin
federationornationalunionshallnotbea
interest who is the buyer in good faith has no
ground to cancel registration of either
liability to the Ees in continuing employment
union. (Sec. 6, Rule XIV, Book V, as
and the bargaining agreement because these
insertedbyD.O.40F03)
contractsareinpersonam.
assumesanobligation;
A: Registration may be cancelled by the
2. The sale is a device to circumvent the
organizationitselfprovided:
obligation;or
3. Thesaleortransferismadeinbadfaith.
1. At least of its general membership
votes to dissolve the organization, in a
(a)SubstitutionaryDoctrine
meetingdulycalledforthatpurpose;and
Q:Whatisthesubstitutionarydoctrine?
2. An application to cancel registration is
thereaftersubmittedbytheboardofthe A: It is where there occurs a shift in the Ees union
organization,attestedbyitspresident. allegiance after the execution of a collective
bargaining (CB) contract with the Er, the Ees can
Q: What are the reportorial requirements change their agent (labor union) but the CB
required to be submitted by a legitimate labor contract which is still subsisting continues to bind
organization(LLO)? the Ees up to its expiration date. They may
however, bargain for the shortening of said
A: The following documents are required to be expirationdate.
submittedtoBLRbytheLLOconcerned:
Note: The Er cannot revoke the validly executed CB
1. Within 30 days from adoption or contract with their Er by the simple expedient of
ratification of the constitution and by changing their bargaining agent. The new agent must
laws(CBL)oramendmentsthereto: respectthecontract.(BenguetConsolidatedInc.v.BCI
a. CBLoramendmentsthereto EesandWorkersUnionPAFLU,G.R.No.L24711,April
b. Minutesofratification 30,1968)
c. Listofmemberswhotookpartinthe
ratification of the constitution and Itcannotbeinvokedtosupportthecontentionthata
bylaws; newlycertifiedCBagentautomaticallyassumesallthe
2. Within 30 days from date of election or personalundertakingsoftheformeragentliketheno
appointment: strikeclauseintheCBAexecutedbythelatter.
a. Listofelectedandappointedofficers
(8)UnionDuesandSpecialAssessments
and agents entrusted with the
handingofunionfunds
(a)UnionDues
b. Minutesofelectionofofficers
c. Listofvoters
Q:Whatareuniondues?
3. Annual financial report within 30 days
afterthecloseofeveryfiscalyear
A:Theseareregularmonthlycontributionspaidby
4. List of members at least once a year or
the members to the union in exchange for the
wheneverrequiredbytheBureau.(Sec.1,
142
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
benefits given to them by the CBA and to finance Q: What are the requisites for a valid levy of
theactivitiesoftheunioninrepresentingtheunion. specialassessmentorextraordinaryfees?
Q:Whatischeckoff?
A:
A:ItisamethodofdeductingfromanEespayata 1. Authorization by a written resolution of
prescribed period, the amounts due the union for themajorityofallmembersatthegeneral
fees,finesandassessments. membership meeting duly called for that
purpose;
Deductionsforunionservicefeesareauthorizedby 2. Secretarys record of the minutes of the
law and do not require individual checkoff meeting,whichmustincludethe:
authorizations. a. Listofmemberspresent
b. Votescast
Q:Whatisthenatureandpurposeofcheckoff? c. Purposeofthespecialassessments
d. Recipientofsuchassessments;
A:Unionduesarethelifebloodoftheunion.
3. Individualwrittenauthorization tocheck
off duly signed by the Ee concerned to
All unions are authorized to collect reasonable
levysuchassessments.
membership fees, union dues, assessments and
fines and other contributions for labor education
Q: What is the effect of failure to strictly comply
and research, mutual death and hospitalization
therequirementssetbylaw?
benefits, welfare fund, strike fund and credit and
cooperativeundertakings.(Art.277[a])
A: It shall invalidate the questioned special
Q:Whataretherequisitesofavalidcheckoff? assessments. Substantial compliance of the
requirementsisnotenoughinviewofthefactthat
A: the special assessment will diminish the
GR: No special assessments, attys fees, compensationofunionmembers.(Palacolv.Ferrer
negotiationfeesoranyotherextraordinaryfees Calleja,G.R.No.85333,Feb.26,1990)
maybecheckedofffromanyamountduetoan
employee (Ee) without individual written Q:Whohasjurisdictionovercheckoffdisputes?
authorizationdulysignedbytheEe.
A: Being an intraunion dispute, the Regional
Theauthorizationshouldspecificallystatethe: Director of DOLE has jurisdiction over check off
1. Amount disputes.
2. Purpose&
Q:Distinguishcheckofffromspecialassessments.
3. Beneficiaryofthededuction.
A:
XPNs:
Checkoff SpecialAssessment
1. FormandatoryactivitiesundertheLC
Howapproved
2. Foragencyfees
(UnionDues)
3. Whennonmembersoftheunionavailof Byobtainingtheindividual Bywrittenresolution
thebenefitsoftheCBA: writtenauthorizationduly approvedbymajorityof
a. Nonmembers may be assessed signedbytheEewhich allthemembersatthe
unionduesequivalenttothatpaidby mustspecify: meetingcalledforthat
unionmembers; 1. Amount purpose.
b. Only by board resolution approved 2. Purpose
by majority of the members in 3. Beneficiary
general meeting called for the Exceptiontosuchrequirement
purpose.
(b)SpecialAssessments
Q: What are special assessments or extraordinary
fees?
A:Theseareassessmentsforanypurposeorobject
other than those expressly provided by the labor
organizationsconstitutionandbylaws.
143
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Q:Whatisanagencyfee?
3. It is the obligation to meet and convene
144
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
145
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
146
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
agreement. While the law makes it an obligation of the existing agreement during the 60
for the Er and the Ees to bargain collectively with dayperiodand/oruntilanewagreement
each other, such compulsion does not include the isreachedbytheparties.(Art.253,LC)
commitmenttoprecipitatelyacceptoragreetothe
proposals of the other. All it contemplates is that Q:WhatistheautomaticrenewalclauseofCBAs?
both parties should approach the negotiation with
anopenmindandmakereasonableefforttoreach A:AlthoughaCBAhasexpired,itcontinuestohave
a common ground of agreement. (Union of Filipro legaleffectsasbetweenthepartiesuntilanewCBA
Ees v. Nestle Phils., G.R. Nos. 15893031, Mar. 3, hasbeenenteredinto(Pier & Arrastre Stevedoring
2008) Services, Inc. v. Confessor, G.R. No. 110854,
February 13, 1995). This is so because the law
Q:Whatisadeadlock? makes it a duty of the parties to keep the status
quo and to continue in full effect the terms and
A: It is synonymous with impasse or a standstill conditions of the existing agreement until a new
which presupposes reasonable effort at GF agreementisreachedbytheparties.(Art.253,LC).
bargaining but despite noble intentions does not (2008BarQuestion)
concludeanagreementbetweentheparties.
Q:Whatmaybedoneduringthe60dayfreedom
Q: In case of deadlock in the renegotiationof the period?
CBA, what are the actions that may be taken by
theparties? A:
1. A labor union may disaffiliate from the
A:Thepartiesmay: mother union to form a local or
independentuniononlyduringthe60day
1. Call upon the NCMB to intervene for the freedom period immediately preceding
purpose of conducting conciliation or theexpirationoftheCBA.
preventivemediation; 2. Eitherpartycanserveawrittennoticeto
2. Referthematterforvoluntaryarbitration terminate or modify agreement at least
orcompulsoryarbitration; 60dayspriortoitsexpirationperiod.
3. Declare a strike or lockout upon 3. A petition for certification election may
compliance with the legal reqts (This befiled.
remedyisaremedyoflastresort).
Q:WhentofileCBA?
Q: May economic exigencies justify refusal to
bargain? A:Within30daysfromexecutionofCBA.
A: No. An employer is not guilty of refusal to Q:Whataretherequirementsforregistration?
bargain by adamantly rejecting the unions
economicdemandswhereheisoperatingataloss, A: The application for CBA registration shall be
on a low profit margin, or in a depressed industry, accompaniedbytheoriginaland2duplicatecopies
as long as he continues to negotiate. But financial ofthefollowingreqts:
hardship constitutes no excuse for refusing to
bargaincollectively. 1. CBA
2. A statement that the CBA was posted in
Q: What is the duty to bargain collectively when at least 2 conspicuous places in the
thereisaCBA? establishment concerned for at least 5
daysbeforeitsratification
A: 3. Statement that the CBA was ratified by
1. When there is a CBA the duty to bargain the majority of the Ees in the bargaining
collectively shall also mean that neither unit.
party shall terminate nor modify such
agreementduringitslifetime. Note: The following documents must be certified
2. Eitherpartycanserveawrittennoticeto under oath by the representative of the Er and the
terminate or modify the agreement at labor union. No other document shall be required in
least60dayspriortoitsexpirationdate. theregistrationoftheCBA.
3. Itshallbethedutyofbothpartiestokeep
the status quo and to continue in full Q:Whatisasingleenterprisebargaining?
forceandeffectthetermsandconditions
147
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
voluntarilymadebytheparties.
A:
1. Withrespecttotherepresentationaspect
Q:MaytheeconomicprovisionsofanexistingCBA
(referstotheidentityandmajoritystatus
be extended beyond the 3 year period as
of the union that negotiated the CBA as
prescribed by law in the absence of a new
the exclusive bargaining representative):
agreement?
5years
2. Withrespecttoallotherprovisions(refers A:Yes.Undertheprincipleofholdover,untilanew
to the rest of the CBA, economic as well CBAhasbeenexecutedbyandbetweentheparties,
as noneconomic provisions other than they are duty bound to keep the status quo and
representationalprovisions):3yearsafter mustcontinueinfullforceandeffectthetermsand
theexecutionoftheCBA
conditionsoftheexistingagreement.Thelawdoes
notprovideforanyexceptionorqualificationasto
Q:WhataretheeconomicprovisionsofaCBA? which of the economic provisions of the existing
agreement are to retain force and effect.
A: Therefore, it must be encompassing all the terms
1. Wages and condition in the said agreement. (New Pacific
2. Familyplanning Timberv.NLRC,G.R.No.124224,Mar.17,2000)
3. Effectivityoftheagreement
4. Other terms and conditions of Q: Mindanao Terminal Company and respondent
employment union has an existing CBA which was about to
expire. Thus, negotiations were held regarding
Q: What are the noneconomic provisions of a certain provisions of the CBA which resulted in a
CBA? deadlock. Thus the union filed a notice of strike.
During the conference called by the NCMB the
A: companyandtheunionwereabletoagreeonall
1. Coverageofthebargainingunit of the provisions of the CBA except for one.
2. Unionsecurityclauses However, the last unresolved provision was
3. Management prerogatives and/or subsequently settled but no CBA was signed.
rights/responsibilitiesofemployees Hence,intherecordsoftheMediationArbiter,all
4. Grievance machinery and voluntary issues were settled before the lapse of the 6
arbitration monthperiodaftertheexpirationoftheoldCBA.
5. Nostrikenolockoutprovision DoesthesigningoftheCBAdeterminethedateit
wasenteredintowithinthe6monthperiod?
Q:Whatistheeffectivityandretroactivitydateof
othereconomicprovisionsoftheCBA? A:No.ThesigningoftheCBAdoesnotdetermine
whethertheagreementwasenteredintowithinthe
A: 6 month period from the date of expiration of the
1. If the CBA is the very first for the old CBA. In the present case, there was already a
bargainingunit,thepartieshavetodecide meeting of the minds between the company and
theCBAeffectivitydate. the union prior to the end of the 6 month period
after the expiration of the old CBA. Hence, such
2. Thosemadewithin6monthsafterdateof meeting of the mind is sufficient to conclude that
expiry of the CBA are subject to anagreementhasbeenreachedwithinthe6month
automatic retroaction to the day period as provided under Art. 253A of the LC.
immediatelyfollowingthedateofexpiry.
148
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
149
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Q:Whatisthebasisforvoluntaryarbitrationand
Eitherpartymayservenoticeupontheotherofits
itsrationale?
decisiontosubmittheissuetovoluntaryarbitration
(VA):
A: The State shall promote the principle of shared
1. If the party upon whom such notice is
responsibilitybetweenworkersandemployersand
served fails/refuses to respond within 7
150
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
151
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Q:Whendoesboulwarismoccur? 1. Thecircumstancesunderwhichtheywere
uttered
A: It occurs when employer (Er) directly bargains 2. The history of the particular Ers labor
withtheemployee(Ee)disregardingtheunion;the relationsorantiunionbias
aim was to deal with the labor union through Ees 3. Their connection with an established
ratherthanwiththeEesthrutheunion.Ersubmits collateralplanofcoercionorinterference.
itsproposalsandadoptsatakeitorleaveitstand. (The Insular Life AssuranceNATU v. The
Insular Life Co. Ltd, G.R. No.L25291, Jan.
d.UnfairLaborPractice 30,1971)
(1)ULPofEmployers Q: Phil. Marine Officers Guild (PMOG) is a union
representing some of Philsteams officers and
Q: What are the ULP that may be committed by CebuSeamensAssociation(CSA)isanotherunion
Ers? representing some of Philsteams officers. PMOG
sentalettertoPhilsteamrequestingforCBbutthe
A: company asked the former to first prove it
1. Interference represents the majority. Simultaneously,
2. Yellowdogcondition Philsteam interrogated its captains, deck officers
3. Contractingout andengineerswhileCSAlikewisesentitsdemands
4. Companyunionism to Philsteam. The company recognized CSA as
5. Discrimination for or against union representingthemajorityandenteredintoaCBA.
membership Hence PMOG declared a strike. PMOG was
6. Discriminationbecauseoftestimony subjected to vilification and Philsteams pier
7. Violationofdutytobargain superintendent participated in the solicitation of
8. Paidnegotiation membership for CSA. Is the company guilty of
9. GrossviolationofCBA ULP?
(a)Interference A: Yes. Although the company is free to make
interrogationsastoitsEesunion,thesameshould
Q:Whatismeantbyinterference? beforalegitimatepurposeandmustnotinterfere
withtheexerciseofselforganizationotherwiseitis
A:TheactofErtointerferewith,restrainorcoerce considered as ULP. Moreover, Philsteams
Eesintheexerciseoftheirrighttoselforganization. supervisoryEesstatementthatPMOGisamoney
makingunion,whichismadetoappeartobesaid
Q:Whatisthetestofinterference? in behalf of the union and the participation of the
companys pier superintendent in soliciting
A:WhethertheErhasengagedinconductwhich,it membership for the competing union, is ULP for
mayreasonablybesaid,tendstointerferewiththe interfering with the exercise of the right to self
freeexerciseoftheEesrighttoselforganization. organization. (Philsteam and Navigation v.
Philippine Marine Officers Guild, G.R. Nos. L20667
Note:DirectevidencethatanEewasinfactintended andL20669,Oct.29,1965)
orcoercedbythestatementsofthreatsoftheErisnot
necessaryifthereisareasonableinterferencethatthe Q:Whatisalockout?
antiunion conduct of the Er does have an adverse
effect on selforganization and CB. (The Insular Life
A: It means any temporary refusal of an Er to
AssuranceNATUv. The InsularLife Co.Ltd, G.R.No.L
furnish work as a result of an industrial or labor
25291,Jan.30,1971)
dispute.(Art.212[p])
Q:Whatisthetotalityofconductdoctrine?
Q:WhendoeslockoutorclosureamounttoULP?
A:ItstatesthattheculpabilityofErsremarksisto
A: A lockout, actual or threatened, as a means of
be evaluated not only on the basis of their
dissuading the Ees from exercising their rights is
implications, but against the background of and in
clearly an ULP. However, to hold an Er guilty, the
conjunctionwithcollateralcircumstances.
evidence must establish that the purpose was to
interferewiththeEesexerciseoftheirrights.
Under this doctrine, expressions of opinion by an
Er,thoughinnocentinthemselves,frequentlywere
Q: What are other examples of acts of
heldtobeULPbecauseof:
interference?
152
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
A: Q:Whatarethe3usualprovisionsunderayellow
1. Outrightandunconcealedintimidation dogcontract?
2. In order that interrogation would not be
deemedcoercive: A:
a. The Er must communicate to the Ee 1. ArepresentationbytheEethatheisnota
thepurposeofquestioning memberofalaborunion.
b. Assure him that no reprisal would 2. A promise by the Ee not to join a labor
takeplace union.
c. ObtainEeparticipationvoluntarily 3. A promise by the Ee that upon joining a
d. Must be free from Er hostility to laborunion,hewillquithisemployment.
unionorganization
e. Mustnotbecoerciveinnature (c)ContractingOut
3. IntimidatingexpressionsofopinionbyEr
Q:WhatiscontractingoutasaformofULP?
Note: An Er who interfered with the right to self
organization before a union is registered can be held A: It is to contract out services or functions being
guilty of ULP. (Samahan ng mga Manggagawa sa performed by union members when such will
BandolinoLMLC v. NLRC, G.R. No. 125195, July 17, interferewith,restrainorcoerceEesintheexercise
1997) oftheirrightstoselforganization.
It is the prerogative of the company to promote, Q: Does it mean that an Er cannot contract out
transfer or even demote its Ees to other positions work?
when the interests of the company reasonably
demand it. Unless there are circumstances which
A:
directlypointtointerferencebythecompanywiththe
GR:ContractingoutservicesisnotULPperse.
Ees right to selforganization, the transfer of an Ee
shouldbeconsideredaswithintheboundsallowedby
law. (RubberworldPhils.v.NLRC, G.R.No.75704, July XPNs:ItisULPonlywhentheff.exists:
19,1989) 1. The services contracted out are being
performedbyunionmembers;and
(b)YellowDog 2. Such contracting out interferes with,
restrains,orcoerceEesintheexerciseof
Q:Whatisayellowdogcondition? theirrighttoselforganization.
A:Itistorequireasaconditionofemploymentthat Note: When the contracting out is being done for
business reasons such as decline in business,
apersonoranEeshallnotjoinalabororganization
inadequacyofequipmentortoreducecost,thenitisa
orshallwithdrawfromonetowhichhebelongs.
validexerciseofmanagementprerogative.
Q:Whatisayellowdogcontract?
Q: Company "A" contracts out its clerical and
janitorial services. In the negotiations of its
A:Itisapromiseexactedfromworkersascondition
CBA,theunioninsistedthatthecompanymay no
of employment that they are not to belong to or
longer engage in contracting out these types of
attempt to foster a union during their period of
services, which services the union claims to be
employment.
necessaryinthecompany'sbusiness,without
prior consultation. Is the union's stand valid or
Q:Isyellowdogcontractvalid?
not?Forwhatreason(s)?
A:No.Itisnullandvoidbecause:
A: The union's stand is not valid. It is part of
1. It is contrary to public policy for it is
management prerogative to contract out any
tantamounttoinvoluntaryservitude.
work,task,joborprojectexceptthatitisanULP to
2. It is entered into without consideration
contract out services or functions performed
for Ees in waiving their right to self
by union members when such will interfere
organization.
with,restrainorcoerceEesintheexerciseoftheir
3. Ees are coerced to sign contracts
rights to selforganization. (Art.248[c]oftheLC).
disadvantageoustotheirfamily.
(2001BarQuestion)
Note: This is one of the cases of ULP that may be
Q:Whatisarunawayshop?
committedintheabsenceofanErEerelationship.
153
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VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
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LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
A: The employer is not guilty of ULP if it merely Notwithstanding the fact that the dismissal was at
complies in good faith with the request of the theinstanceofthefederationandthatitundertook
certified union for the dismissal of employees toholdthecompanyfreefromanyliabilityresulting
expelled from the union pursuant to the union fromsuchdismissal,thecompanymaystillbeheld
securityclauseintheCBA.(Sorianov.Atienza,G.R. liable if it was remiss in its duty to accord the
No.L68619,Mar.16,1989) wouldbe dismissed Ees their right to be heard on
thematter.
Q:Aprofitsharingschemewasintroducedbythe
companyforitsmanagersandsupervisorswhoare Q: Mabeza and her coEes were asked by the
notmembersoftheunion,hencedonotenjoythe company to sign an affidavit attesting to the
benefitsoftheCBA.Therespondentunionwanted latters compliance with pertinent labor laws.
toparticipatewiththeschemebutwasdeniedby Mabeza signed the affidavit but refused to swear
the company due to the CBA. Subsequently the toitsveracitybeforetheCityprosecutor.Mabeza
company distributed the profit sharing to the then filed a LOA which was denied by
manager, supervisors and other nonunion management. After sometime, she attempted to
memberEes.Asaresulttheunionfiledanoticeof returntoworkbutthecompanyinformedhernot
strike alleging ULP. Is the nonextension of the toreportforworkandcontinuewithherunofficial
profit sharing scheme to union members leave.DidthecompanycommitULP?
discriminatoryandanULP?
A: Yes. The act of compelling an Ee to sign an
A: No. There can be no discrimination when the instrument indicating the Ers compliance with
Eesarenotsimilarlysituated.Thesituationofunion Laborlawswhichthecompanymighthaveviolated
members is different and distinct from nonunion together with the act of terminating or coercing
members because only union members enjoy the those Ees to cooperate is an act of ULP. This is
benefit under the CBA. The profit sharing scheme analogous with Art. 248 (f) of the LC which
was extended to those who do not enjoy the provides: to dismiss, discharge or otherwise
benefits of the CBA. Hence, there is no prejudice or discriminate against an Ee for having
discriminationandULPisnotcommitted.(Wiseand given or being about to give testimony under this
Co.,Inc.v.NLRC,G.R.No.L87672,Oct.13,1989) Code. For in not giving a positive testimony in
favoroftheEr,Mabezareservednotonlyherright
Q: Is dismissal of an Ee pursuant to a union to dispute the claim but also to work for better
securityclauseaformofULP? terms and condition. (Mabeza v. NLRC, G.R No.
118506,April18,1997)
A: No. Union security clauses in the CBA, if freely
andvoluntarilyenteredinto,arevalidandbinding. (f)ViolationofDutytoBargain
Thus, the dismissal of an Ee by the company
pursuant to a labor unions demand in accordance Q: What is violation of the duty to bargain as a
with a union security agreement does not kindofULP?
constitute ULP. (Malayang Samahan ng mga
Manggagawa sa M. Greenfield v. Ramos, G.R. No. A: This is the act of violating the duty to bargain
113907,Feb.28,2000) collectivelyasprescribedintheLC.
155
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Q:WhataretheexamplesofULPinbargaining? beingamajorityunion.(1997BarQuestion)
A: Q:Whatissurfacebargaining?
1. Delaying negotiations by discussing
unrelatedmatters A: It is the act of going through the motions of
2. Refusaltoacceptrequesttobargain negotiating without any legal intent to reach an
3. Rejecting a unions offer to prove its agreement. It involves the question of whether or
majorityclaim nottheErsconductdemonstratesanunwillingness
4. Shutdowntoavoidbargaining to bargain in good faith or is merely hard
5. Engaginginsurfacebargaining bargaining. (Standard Chartered Bank v. Confessor,
G.R.No.114974,June16,2004)
Q: Balmar Farms Ees Association (BFEA) is
affiliated with Associated Labor Union (ALU). ALU Note: Occurs when the Er constantly changes its
won in the certification election held in the positionovertheagreement.
company. Thus, ALU sent its proposal for a CBA,
(g)PaidNegotiation
butthecompanyrefusedtoactonitallegingthat
BEA is the sole and exclusive bargaining
Q:Whatismeantbypaidnegotiationasaformof
representativeandthatBFEAthroughitspresident
ULP?
had sent a letter informing the company of its
disaffiliation with ALU. Is the company guilty of A:Itistheactoftheemployertopaynegotiationor
ULPforrefusingtobargaincollectively? attys fees to the union or its officers or agents as
part of the settlement of any issue in collective
A: Yes. ALU is the certified exclusive bargaining bargainingoranyotherdispute.
representative after winning the certification
election. The company merely relied on the letter (h)GrossViolationofCBA
of disaffiliation by BFEAs president without proof
and consequently refusing to bargain collectively Q: When is the violation of CBA considered as
constitutes ULP. Such refusal by the company to ULP?
bargain collectively with the certified exclusive
bargainingrepresentativeisaviolationofitsdutyto A:OnlywhentheviolationisgrossTheremustbe
collectively bargain which constitutes ULP. (Balmar a flagrant and/or malicious refusal to comply with
Farmsv.NLRC,G.R.No.73504,Oct.15,1991) theeconomicprovisionoftheCBA.
156
LABORLAWTEAM:
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
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157
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andimpetuousreasonsorforcausesforeigntothe
closed shop agreement. (Manila Mandarin Ees A:Yes,assumingthattheyactedintheirindividual
Unionv.NLRC,G.R.No.76989,Sep.29,1987) capacities when they wrote the letter, they were
nonethelessprotected,fortheywereengagedina
Laborunionsarenotentitledtoarbitrarilyexclude concertedactivity,intheirrightofselforganization
qualified applicants for membership and a closed that includes concerted activity for mutual aid and
shop applicants provision will not justify the protection.Anyinterferencemadebythecompany
employerindischarging,oraunionininsistingupon willconstituteasULP.
thedischargeofanemployeewhomtheunionthus
refuses to admit to membership without any Thejoininginprotestsordemands,evenbyasmall
reasonable ground thereof. (Salunga v. CIR, G.R. group of Ees, if in furtherance of their interests as
No.L22456,Sep.27,1967) such is a concerted activity protected by the
IndustrialPeaceAct.Itisnotnecessarythatunion
Q:Whenisthererefusaltobargain? activitybeinvolvedorthatcollectivebargainingbe
contemplated. (Republic Savings Bank v. CIR, G.R.
A:Aunionviolatesitsdutytobargaincollectivelyby No.L20303,Oct.31,1967)
entering negotiations with a fixed purpose of not
reachinganagreementorsigningacontract. Q:Whatisastrike?
3.RIGHTTOPEACEFULCONCERTEDACTIVITIES A:Itmeansanytemporarystoppageofworkbythe
concerted action of employees as a result of an
Q: What is the constitutional basis of strikes,
industrialorlabordispute.(Sec.1[uu],RuleI,Book
lockoutsandotherconcertedactivities?
V,IRR)
A: The State shall guarantee the rights of all
It shall comprise not only concerted work
workers to selforganization, collective bargaining
stoppages, but also slowdowns, mass leaves,
andnegotiations,andpeacefulconcertedactivities,
sitdowns, attempt to damage, destroy or sabotage
includingtherighttostrikeinaccordancewithlaw
plantequipmentandfacilities,andsimilaractivities.
(Sec.3,Art.XIII,1987Constitution).
(Samahang Manggagawa sa Sulpicion Lines v.
Note: The law does not look with favor upon strikes SulpicioLines,Inc.,G.R.No.140992,Mar.25,2004)
and lockouts because of their disturbing and
perniciouseffectsuponthesocialorderandthepublic Q:Whatisthepurposeofastrike?
interests;topreventoravertthemandtoimplement
Sec.6,Art.XIVoftheConstitution,thelawhascreated A: A strike is a coercive measure resorted to by
severalagencies,namely:theBLR,theDOLE,theLabor laborerstoenforcetheirdemands.Theideabehind
Management Advisory Board, and the CIR. (Luzon a strike is that a company engaged in a profitable
Marine Devt Union v. Roldan, G.R. No. L2660, May business cannot afford to have its production or
30,1950) activities interrupted, much less, paralyzed. (Phil.
CanCo.v.CIR,G.R.No.L3021,July13,1950)
Q:Whatisaconcertedaction?
Q:Whatisalockout?
A: It is an activity undertaken by 2 or more
employees,byoneonbehalfoftheothers. A: It means any temporary refusal of an employer
tofurnishworkasaresultofanindustrialorlabor
Q:Areallconcertedactionsstrikes? dispute.(Art.212[p])
A:Notallconcertedactivitiesarestrikes.Theymay
Q:Whatispicketing?
only be protest actions they do not necessarily
cause work stoppage by the protesters. A strike in
A:Itistheactofmarchingtoandfrotheemployers
contrast is always a group action accompanied by
premises which is usually accompanied by the
workstoppage.
display of placard and other signs, making known
thefactsinvolvedinalabordispute.
Q: The Ees wrote and published a letter to the
bank president, demanding his resignation onthe
The right to picket as a means of communicating
grounds of immorality, nepotism, favoritism and
the facts of a labor dispute is a phase of the
discrimination in the appointment andpromotion
freedomofspeechguaranteedbytheConstitution.
ofbankEes.Thebankdismissedthe8Eesonthe
If peacefully carried out, it can not be curtailed
allegedlibelousletter.WeretheEesengagedina
concertedactivity?
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
evenintheabsenceofErEerelationship.(PAFLUv. Q:Whatisaslowdown?
Cloribel,G.R.No.L25878,Mar.28,1969)
A: It is a method by which ones employees,
Q:Istherighttopicketanabsoluteright? without seeking a complete stoppage of work,
retard production and distribution in an effort to
A: No, while peaceful picketing is entitled to compelcompliancebytheemployerwiththelabor
protectionasanexerciseoffreespeech,thecourts demandsmadeuponhim.
are not without power to confine or localize the
sphere of communication or the demonstration to Q: Does an overtime boycott or work
the parties to the labor dispute, including those slowdown by the employees constitute a strike
with related interests, and to insulate and hence a violation of the CBAs No strike, no
establishments or persons with no industrial lockoutclause?
connectionorhavinginteresttotallyforeigntothe
context of the dispute. (Liwayway Pub., Inc. v. A: Yes, the concept of a slowdown is a "strike on
Permanent Concrete Workers Union, G.R. No. L theinstallmentplan."Itisawillfulreductioninthe
25003,Oct.23,1981) rateofworkbyconcertedactionofworkersforthe
purpose of restricting the output of the employer
Therighttopeacefulpicketingshallbeexercisedby (Er),inrelationtoalabordispute;asanactivityby
the workers with due respect for the rights of which workers, without a complete stoppage of
others.No person engaged in picketing shall work, retard production or their performance of
commit any act of violence, coercion or duties and functions to compel management to
intimidation.Stationary picket, the use of means granttheirdemands.
like placing of objects to constitute permanent
blockade orto effectively close points of entry or Such a slowdown is generally condemned as
exitincompanypremisesareprohibitedbylaw. inherentlyillicitandunjustifiable,becausewhilethe
employees (Ees) "continue to work and remain at
Q:Whoisastrikebreaker? theirpositionsandacceptthewagespaidtothem,"
they at the same time "select what part of their
A: Any person who obstructs, impedes, or allotted tasks they care to perform of their own
interfereswithbyforce,violence,coercion,threats, volition or refuse openly or secretly, to the Er's
or intimidation any peaceful picketing affecting damage, to do other work;" in other words, they
wages, hours or conditions of work or in the "work on their own terms." (Interphil Laboratories
exercise of the right of selforganization or Ees UnionFFW v. Interphil Laboratories, Inc., G.R.
collectivebargaining.(Art.212[r]) No.142824,Dec.19,2001)
Q:Whatisastrikearea? Q:Whatarethecharacteristicsofastrike?
A:
A:Itmeanstheestablishment,warehouses,depots, 1. ExistenceofanErEerelationship
plants or offices, including the sites or premises 2. Existenceofalabordispute
usedasrunawayshops,oftheErstruckagainst,as 3. Employment relation is deemed to
well as the immediate vicinity actually used by continuealthoughinastateofbelligerent
picketing strikers in moving to and fro before all suspension
points of entrance to and exit from said 4. Temporaryworkstoppage
establishment.(Sec.1[vv],RuleI,BookV,IRR) 5. Workstoppageisdonethroughconcerted
action
Q:Whatisaninternaluniondispute? 6. The striking group is a legitimate labor
organization; in case of a bargaining
A:Itincludesalldisputesorgrievancesarisingfrom deadlock, it must be the employees sole
anyviolationofordisagreementoveranyprovision bargainingrepresentative
oftheconstitutionandbylawsofaunion,including
any violation of the rights and conditions of union Q: PAL dismissed strike leader Capt. Gaston as a
membershipprovidedforinthisLC.(Art.212[q]) result of which the Union resolved to undertake
the grounding of all PAL planes and the filing of
Q:Whatisaboycott? applications for protest retirement of members
whohadcompleted5yearsofcontinuousservice,
A: It is an attempt, by arousing a fear of loss, to and protest resignation for those who had
coerce others, against their will to withhold from rendered less than 5 years of service in the
one denominated unfriendly to labor their company. PAL acknowledged receipt of said
beneficialbusinessintercourse. letters and among the pilots whose protest
159
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
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LABORLAWTEAM:
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
A:Yes,theconcertedeffortsofthemembersofthe existenceoftheunionis
union and its supporters caused a temporary work threatened.Itmuststillobserve
stoppage.Theallegationthattherecanbenowork themandatory7daystrikeban
stoppagebecausetheoperationinthedivisionhad periodbeforeitcanstagea
been shut down is of no consequence. It bears validstrike
stressing that the other divisions were fully
operational. (Bukluran ng Manggagawa sa Q:Whatarethedifferentformsofstrike?
Clothman Knitting Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 158158,
Jan.17,2005)
A:
1. Legal Strikeone called for a valid purpose
a.FormsofConcertedActivities
and conducted through means allowed by
Q:Whatarethetypesofstrike? law.
2. Illegal Strikeone staged for a purpose not
A: recognizedbylaw,orifforavalidpurpose,
1. Economic strike used to secure the conducted through means not sanctioned
economic demands such as higher wages bylaw.
and better working conditions for the 3. EconomicStrikeonestagedbyworkersto
workers forcewageorothereconomicconcessions
2. ULP strike protest against ULP of from the employer which he is not
management required by law to grant
(Consolidated Labor Association
Q:Distinguishbetweenaneconomicstrikeandan of the Phil. vs. Marsman, G.R. No. L
ULPstrike. 17038,July31,1964)
4. ULPStrikeonecalledtoprotestagainstthe
A: employers acts of unfair practice
ECONOMICSTRIKE ULPSTRIKE enumerated in Article 248 of the Labor
Astonature Code, as amended, including gross
Involuntarystrike;theLO is violation of the collective bargaining
Voluntarystrike forcedtogoonstrikebecause agreement(CBA)andunionbusting.
becausetheEewill oftheULPcommittedagainst 5. Slow Down Strikeone staged without the
declareastriketo thembytheEr.Itisanactof workers quitting their work but by merely
compel selfdefensesincetheEesare slackening or by reducing their normal
managementto beingpushedtothewalland workoutput.
grantitsdemands theironlyremedyistostagea 6. WildCat Strikeone declared and staged
strike without filing the required notice of strike
Whowillinitiate and without the majority approval of the
TheCBagentof recognizedbargainingagent.
theappropriate 7. Sit Down Strikeone where the workers
EithertheCBagentortheLLOin
bargainingunitcan stop working but do not leave their place
behalfofitsmembers
declarean ofwork.
economicstrike
Astothecoolingoffperiod b.Whomaydeclareastrikeorlockout
30daysfrom Q:Whomaydeclareastrikeorlockout?
noticeofstrike
beforethe A:
15daysfromthefilingofthe
intendeddateof 1. Any certified or duly recognized
noticeofstrike
actualstrike bargainingrepresentativemaydeclarea
subjecttothe7
strike in cases of bargaining deadlock
daystrikeban
and unfair labor practice. Likewise, the
Astotheexceptiontothecoolingoffperiod
employer may declare a lockout in the
Noexception Thecoolingoffperiodmaybe
samecases.
mandatory dispensedwith,andtheunion
maytakeimmediateactionin
2. In the absence of a certified or duly
Note:noticeof caseofdismissalfrom recognized bargaining representative,
strikeandstrike employmentoftheirofficers any legitimate labor organization in the
votemaybe dulyelectedinaccordancewith establishment may declare a strike but
dispensedwith; theunionsconstitutionandby only on the ground of unfair labor
theymaystrike laws,whichmayconstitute practice. (Section 2, Rule XIII Book V,
immediately unionbustingwherethe
161
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LABOR RELATIONS LAW
163
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LABOR RELATIONS LAW
165
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UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
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167
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UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
causegraveorirreparabledamagetothe
Q: 2 days after the union struck, the SLE ordered
complainingparty.(Art.218[e])
the striking workers to return to work within 24
2. Onthegroundofnationalinterest
hours. But the striking union failed to return to
3. The SLE or the NLRC may seek the
workandinsteadtheycontinuedtheirpickets.As
assistanceoflawenforcementagenciesto
a result, violence erupted in the picket lines. The
ensure compliance with this provision as
service bus ferrying nonstriking workers was
well as with such orders as he may issue
stonedcausinginjuriestoitspassengers.Threats,
toenforcethesame(Art.263[g])
defamation,illegaldetention,andphysicalinjuries
also occurred. The company was directed to
(2)InnocentBystanderRule
acceptback all striking workers, except theunion
officers, shop stewards, and those with pending
Q: What must an innocent bystander satisfy
criminal charges. Was the SLE correct in not
beforeacourtmayenjoinalaborstrike?
including the union officers, shop stewards and
thosewithpendingcriminalchargesinthereturn
A:Theinnocentbystandermustshow:
toworkorder?
1. Compliancewiththegroundsspecifiedin
A:No,toexcludeunionofficers,shopstewardsand
Rule58oftheRulesofCourt,and
thosewithpendingcriminalchargesinthedirective
2. That it is entirely different from, without
tothecompanytoacceptbackthestrikingworkers
any connection whatsoever to, either
without first determining whether they knowingly
party to the dispute and, therefore, its
committed illegal acts would be tantamount to
interestsaretotallyforeigntothecontext
dismissal without due process of law. (Telefunken
thereof. (MSF Tire & Rubber v. CA, G.R.
Semiconductors Ees UnionFFW v. SLE, G.R. No.
128632,Aug.5,1999)
122743&127215,Dec.12,1997)
Q:MaytheRTCtakecognizanceofthecomplaint
(2)WaiverofIllegalityofStrike
where the same is but an incident of a labor
dispute?
Q: When is there a waiver of the illegality of a
strikebytheemployer? rd
A: No, where the subject matter of the 3 party
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LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
LABOR RELATIONS LAW
courtshavenojurisdictiontoactonlaborcasesor
various incidents arising therefrom, including the
executionofdecisions,awardsororders.
Aparty,byfilingits3rdpartyclaimwiththedeputy
sheriff, it submitted itself to the jurisdiction of the
NLRCactingthroughtheLA.
The broad powers granted to the LA and to the
NLRCbyArt.217,218and224oftheLCcanonlybe
interpreted as vesting in them jurisdiction over
incidents arising from, in connection with or
relatingtolabordisputes,asthecontroversyunder
consideration, to the exclusion of the regular
courts.TheRTC,beingacoequalbodyoftheNLRC,
hasnojurisdictiontoissueanyrestrainingorderor
injunctiontoenjointheexecutionofanydecisionof
the latter. (Deltaventures v. Cabato, G.R. No.
118216,Mar.9,2000)
Q:TheemployerfiledwiththeRTCacomplaintfor
damages with preliminary mandatory injunction
againsttheunion,themainpurposeofwhichisto
dispense the picketing of the members of the
union.Theunionfiledamotiontodismissonthe
groundoflackofjurisdiction.TheRTCdeniedthe
motion to dismiss and enjoined the picketing, it
said that mere allegations of ErEe relationship
does not automatically deprive the court of its
jurisdiction and even the subsequent filing of
charges of ULP, as an afterthought, does not
deprive it of its jurisdiction. Was the issuance by
theRTCoftheinjunctionproper?
A:No,theconcertedactiontakenbythemembers
of the union in picketing the premises of the
departmentstore,nomatterhowillegal,cannotbe
regarded as acts not arising from a labor dispute
over which the RTCs may exercise jurisdiction.
(SamahangManggagawangLibertyCommercialv.
Pimentel,G.R.No.L78621,Dec.2,1987)
171
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
172
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
173
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
A:
Q: Who has the exclusive appellate jurisdiction 1. Theappealisperfected:
overallcasesdecidedbyLaborArbiters? a. Filed within the reglementary period
providedinSec.1ofthisRules
A:TheNLRC. b. Verified by the appellant himself in
accordancewithSec.4,Rule7ofthe
Q:Whatistheeffectofperfectionofanappealon RulesofCourt,asamended
execution? c. In the form of a memorandum of
appealwhichshallstatethegrounds
A: The perfection of an appeal shall stay the relied upon and the arguments in
execution of the decision of the Labor Arbiter on support thereof, the relief prayed
appeal,exceptexecutionforreinstatementpending for,andwithastatementofthedate
appeal. the appellant received the appealed
decision,resolutionororder
Note:TheprovisionofArt.223isclearthatanaward d. In 3 legibly typewritten or printed
by the LA for reinstatement shall be immediately copies
executor even pending appeal and the posting of a e. Accompaniedby(i)proofofpayment
bondbytheemployershallnotstaytheexecutionfor of the required appeal fee; (ii)
reinstatement.(PioneerTexturizingCorp.v.NLRC,G.R. posting of a cash or surety bond as
No.118651,Oct.16,1997) providedinSec.6ofthisRule;(iii)a
certificate of nonforum shopping;
b.Effectofselfexecutingorderofreinstatementon and (iv) proof of service upon the
backwages otherparties.
Q: May dismissed employees (Ees) collect their 2. Merenoticeofappealwithoutcomplying
wages during the period between the Labor withtheotherrequisitesaforestatedshall
Arbiters (LAs) order of reinstatement pending not stop the running of the period for
appeal and the NLRC decision overturning that of perfectinganappeal.
theLA?
Q: Is the posting of an appeal bond required for
A: Yes. Par. 3 of Art. 223 of the Labor Code
theperfectionofanappealfromaLaborArbiters
provides that the decision of the LA reinstating a
(LAs)decisioninvolvingmonetaryaward?
dismissed or separated Ee, insofar as the
reinstatement aspect is concerned, shall
A:Yes.IncasethedecisionoftheLAortheRegional
immediatelybeexcutory,pendingappeal.
Director involves a monetary award, an appeal by
the employer may be perfected only upon the
Even if the order of reinstatement of the LA is
postingofabond.(Sec.6,RuleVI,NLRC2005Rules
reversed on appeal, it is obligatory on the part of
ofProcedure)
theemployer(Er)toreinstateandpaythewagesof
the dismissed Ee during the period of appeal until
Q:Whataretheformsoftheappealbond?
reversalbythehighercourt.Ontheotherhand,if
theEehasbeenreinstatedduringtheappealperiod
A: It shall either be in the form of cash deposit or
and such reinstatement order is reversed with
suretybondequivalentinamounttothemonetary
finality, the Ee is not required to reimburse
award, exclusive of damages and attorney's fees.
whatever salary he received for he is entitled to
(Sec.6,RuleVI,NLRC2005RulesofProcedure)
such, more so if he actually rendered services
during the period. (Pfizer v. Velasco, G.R. No.
Q:Whomayissueasuretybond?
177467,March9,2011)
Unless there is a restraining order, it is ministerial A: It shall be issued by a reputable bonding
upon the LA to implement the order of companydulyaccreditedbytheCommissionorthe
reinstatement and it is mandatory on the Er to SC,andshallbeaccompaniedbyoriginalorcertified
complytherewith.(Garciav.PAL,G.R.No.164856, truecopiesof:
Jan.20,2009)
1. A joint declaration under oath by the Er,
c.RequirementstoperfectappealtoNLRC his counsel, and the bonding company,
attestingthatthebondpostedisgenuine,
Q:HowisanappealfromLAtoNLRCperfected? andshallbeineffectuntilfinaldisposition
ofthecase.
174
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
175
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Q:CantheLaborArbiter(LA)conductcompulsory
arbitration? 2.NATIONALLABORRELATIONSCOMMISSION
(NLRC)
A: Yes. Under the Labor Code, it is the LA who is
clothed with the authority to conduct compulsory Q:WhatistheNLRC?
arbitration on cases involving termination disputes
[Art.217,P.D.442,asamended].(PALv.NLRC,G.R. A: It is an administrative body with quasijudicial
No.55159,Dec.22,1989) functionsandtheprincipalgovernmentagencythat
hearsanddecideslabormanagementdisputes;itis
Q:Whataretherulesonvenueoffilingcases? attachedtotheDOLEsolelyforprogramandpolicy
coordinationonly.
A:
1. All cases which the Labor Arbiters (LAs) Q: How are the powers and functions of theNLRC
have authority to decide may be filed in allocated?
the Regional Arbitration Branch (RAB)
having jurisdiction over the workplace of A:
thecomplainant/petitioner. 1. EnBanc
a. Promulgating rules and regulations
Note: Workplace is understood to be the and governing the hearings and
placeorlocalitywheretheemployee(Ee)is disposition of cases before any of its
regularlyassignedwhenthecauseofaction divisionsandregionalbranches.
arose.ItshallincludetheplacewheretheEe b. Formulating policies affecting its
issupposedtoreportbackafteratemporary administrationandoperations.
detail,assignmentortravel. c. Ontemporaryoremergencybasis,to
In case of field Ees, as well as ambulant or allow cases within the jurisdiction of
itinerant workers, their workplace is where
anydivisiontobeheardanddecided
theyare
by any other division whose docket
a.Regularlyassigned
b. Supposed to regularly receive their
allows the additional workload and
salariesandwages suchtransferwillnotexposelitigants
c.Receivetheirworkinstructionsfrom tounnecessaryadditionalexpense.
d. Reporting the results of their 2. Division(8Divisionswith3members)
assignmenttotheiremployers(Er) a. Adjudicatory;
b. All other powers, functions and
2. Where 2 or more RABs have jurisdiction duties;
over the workplace, the first to acquire c. Exclusive appellate jurisdiction over
jurisdictionshallexcludeothers. cases within their respective
territorialjurisdiction.
3. Improper venue when not objected to
before filing of position papers shall be Q: Does an individual Commissioner have
deemedwaived. adjudicatorypower?
4. Venue may be changed by written A: No. The law lodges the adjudicatory power on
agreement of the parties or when the each of the eight divisions, not on the individual
NLRCortheLAsoorders,uponmotionby commissioners nor on the whole commission. The
theproperpartyinmeritoriouscases. division is a legal entity, not the person whosits
in it. Hence, an individual commissioner has no
5. ForOverseasContractWorkerswherethe adjudicatory power, although of course, he can
complainant resides or where the concurordissentindecidingacase.
principal office of the respondent Er is
located,attheoptionofthecomplainant. a.Jurisdictions
Note: The Rules of Procedure on Venue is Q: What are the two kinds of jurisdiction of the
merely permissive, allowing a different NLRC?
venue when the interest of substantial
justice demands a different one. (Dayag v. A:
Canizares,GR.No.124193,Mar.6,1998) 1. ExclusiveOriginalJurisdiction
a. Certified labor disputes causing or
likely to cause a strike or lockout in
anindustryindispensabletonational
176
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
177
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Commissionenbanc.
A:Theappealshouldnotprosper.TheSC,inmany
Q: Some disgruntled members of Bantay cases, has ruled that decisions made by the NLRC
Labor Union filed with the Regional Office of the maybebasedonpositionpapers.Inthequestion,it
DOLE a written complaint against their union isstatedthatthepartiesagreedtosubmitthecase
officers for mismanagement of union funds. The for resolution after the submission of position
Regional Director (RD) did not rule in the papers and evidence. Given this fact, the striker
complainants' favor. Not satisfied, the membersofBcannotnowcomplainthattheywere
complainants elevated the RDs decision to the denied due process. They are in estoppel. After
NLRC. The union officers moved to dismiss on the voluntarily submitting a case and encountering an
groundoflackofjurisdiction.Aretheunionofficers adversedecisiononthemerits,itistoolateforthe
correct?Why? loser to question the jurisdiction or power of the
court. A party cannot adopt a posture of double
A:Yes,theunionofficersarecorrectinclaimingthat dealing. (Marquez vs. Secretary of Labor, G.R. No.
the NLRC has no jurisdiction over the appealed 80685,March16,1989).(2001BarQuestion)
ruling of the RD. in Barles v. Bitonio, G.R. No.
120220,June16,1999,theSCruled: Q: Is barangay conciliation available in labor
cases?
Appellate authority over decisions of the RD
involvingexaminationofunionaccountsisexpressly A: No. Labor cases are not subject to barangay
conferred on the Bureau of Labor Relations (BLR) Conciliation since ordinary rules of procedure are
under the Rule of Procedure on Mediation merely suppletory in character visvis labor
Arbitration. disputes which are primarily governed by labor
laws. (Montoya v. Escayo, G.R. No. 8221112,Mar.
Sec. 4. Jurisdiction of the BLR (b) The BLR shall 21,1989)
exercise appellate jurisdiction over all cases
originating from the RD involving complaints for Q:WhatarethepowersoftheNLRC?
examinationofunionbooksofaccounts.
A:
The language of the law is categorical. Any 1. Rule making power promulgation of
additional explanation on the matter is rulesandregulations:
superfluous."(2001BarQuestion) a. Governing disposition of cases
before any of its division/regional
Q:Company"A"andUnion"B"couldnotresolve offices.
their negotiations for a new CBA. After b. Pertainingtoitsinternalfunctions
conciliation proceedings b e f o r e t h e NCMB c. Asmaybenecessarytocarryoutthe
proved futile, Bwentonstrike.Violenceduring purposesoftheLaborCode.
the strike prompted A to file charges against 2. Power to issue compulsory processes
strikermembers of B for their illegal acts. The (administer oaths, summon parties, issue
SLE assumed jurisdiction, referred the strike to subpoenas)
the NLRC and issued a returntowork order. 3. Power to investigate matters and hear
The NLRC directedthe parties to submit their disputes within its jurisdiction
respective position papers and documentary (adjudicatory power original and
evidence. At the initial hearing before the NLRC, appellatejurisdictionovercases)
the parties agreed to submit the case for 4. Contemptpower
resolution after the submission of the position 5. OcularInspection
papersandevidence. 6. Powertoissueinjunctionsandrestraining
orders
Subsequently, the NLRC issued an arbitral award
resolving the disputed provisions of the CBA and b.EffectofNLRCreversalofLaborArbitersorderof
ordered the dismissal of certain strikers for reinstatement
having knowingly committed illegal acts during
the strike. The dismissed employees elevated Q: May dismissed employees (Ees) collect their
their dismissal to the CA claiming that they wages during the period between the Labor
were deprived of their right to due process and Arbiters (LAs) order of reinstatement pending
that the affidavits submitted by A were self appeal and the NLRC decision overturning that of
serving and of no probative value. Should the theLA?
appeal prosper? State the reason(s) for your
answerclearly.
178
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
A: Yes. Par. 3 of Art. 223 of the Labor Code appeal or petition for certiorari. (Ginete v. Sunrise
provides that the decision of the LA reinstating a ManningAgency,G.R.No.142023,June21,2001)
dismissed or separated Ee, insofar as the
reinstatement aspect is concerned, shall Q: What is an injunction or a temporary
immediatelybeexcutory,pendingappeal. restrainingorder(TRO)?
Even if the order of reinstatement of the LA is A: Orders which may require, forbid, or stop the
reversed on appeal, it is obligatory on the part of doingofanact.ThepoweroftheNLRCtoenjoinor
theemployer(Er)toreinstateandpaythewagesof restrain the commission of any or all prohibited or
the dismissed Ee during the period of appeal until unlawfulactsunderArt.218ofLaborCodecanonly
reversalbythehighercourt.Ontheotherhand,if beexercisedinalabordisputes.
theEehasbeenreinstatedduringtheappealperiod
and such reinstatement order is reversed with Note: A restraining order is generally regarded as an
finality, the Ee is not required to reimburse ordertomaintainthesubjectofcontroversyinstatus
whatever salary he received for he is entitled to quountilthehearingofanapplicationforatemporary
such, more so if he actually rendered services injunction. (BF Homes v. Reyes, G.R. No. L30690
during the period. (Pfizer v. Velasco, G.R. No. November19,1982)
177467,March9,2011)
Q:WhomayissueaTRO?
c.RequirementstoperfectappealtoCourtof
Appeals A:
1. President(Art.263[g])
Q: Is judicial review of the NLRCs decision 2. SecretaryofLabor(Art.263[g])
available? 3. NLRC(Art.218)
A: Yes, through petitions for certiorari (Rule 65) Note: Art. 218 of the Labor Code limits the grant of
which should be initially filed with the CA in strict injunctive power to the NLRC. The LA is excluded
observance of the doctrine on the hierarchy of statutorily. Hence, no NLRC Rules can grant him that
courts as the appropriate forum for the relief power.
desired.TheCAisprocedurallyequippedtoresolve
unclear or ambiguous factual finding, aside from Q: What is the procedure for the issuance of
the increased number of its component divisions. restrainingorder/injunction?
(St.MartinFuneralHomev.NLRC,G.R.No.130866,
Sep.16,1998) A:
1. Filingofaverifiedpetition
Q: Within what period should the petition for 2. Hearingafterdueandpersonalnoticehas
certioraribefiledwiththeCourtofAppeals? been served in such manner as the
Commissionshalldirectto:
A: Under Section 4, Rule 65 (as amended by A.M. a. All known persons against whom
No.00203SC)oftheRulesofCivilProcedure,the reliefissought
petition must be filed within sixty (60) days from b. Also the Chief Executive or other
notice of the judgment or from notice of the public officials of the province or
resolution denying the petitioners motion for city within which the unlawful acts
reconsideration. This amendment is effective have been threatened or
September1,2000,butbeingcurativemaybegiven commercial charged with the duty
retroactiveapplication.(Narzolesv.NLRC,G.R.No. to protect the complainants
141959,Sep.29,2000) property.
3. Reception at the hearing of the
The period within which a petition for certiorari testimonies of the witnesses with
againstadecisionoftheNLRCmaybefiledshould opportunity for crossexamination, in
be computed from the date counsel of record of support of the allegations of the
the party receives a copy of the decision or complaint made under oath as well as
resolution,andnotfromthedatethepartyhimself testimonyinoppositionthereto.
receives a copy thereof. Article 224 of the Labor 4. Finding of fact of the Commission to the
Code,whichrequiresthatcopiesoffinaldecisions, effectthat:
orders or awards be furnished not only the partys a. Prohibited or unlawful acts have
counselofrecordbutalsothepartyhimselfapplies been threatened and will be
totheexecutionthereofandnottothefilingofan committed,orhavebeenandwillbe
continued unless restrained, but no
179
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
acceptanceforunionmembership
3.BUREAUOFLABORRELATIONS(BLR)MED
6. Validity/invalidityofvoluntaryrecognition
ARBITERS
7. Opposition to application for union or
CBAregistration
a.Jurisdiction
8. Violations of or disagreements over any
ofCBAs;
Note:Jurisdictionoverlabormanagementproblemsor
12. Validity/invalidity of impeachment/
disputesisalsoexercisedbyotheroffices:
1. DOLERegionalOffices
expulsion/suspension or any disciplinary
2. OfficeoftheSecretaryofLabor action meted against any officer and
3. NLRC member, including those arising from
180
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
181
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
182
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
183
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
184
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
3. TheclaimarisesfromErEerelationship. andother
4. The claimant does not seek laborlaws
reinstatement.
Note: In the absence of any of the ff. requisites, it is
the labor arbiter (LA) who shall have the jurisdiction
over the claims arising from ErEe relations, except Enforcement
Allotherclaims
claims for Ees compensation, SSS, Philhealth, and oflabor Limitedto
arisingfromEr
maternity benefits, pursuant to Art.217 of the Labor legislationin monetaryclaims
Eerelations
Code. general
LAdecidescase
The proceedings before the Regional Office shall be within30
summaryandnonlitigiousinnature. Proceedingis Initiatedby calendardays
anoffshootof sworncomplaints after
Q:WhatistheadjudicatorypoweroftheRegional routine filedbyany submissionof
Director(RD)? inspections interestedparty thecasebythe
partiesfor
A: The RD or any of his duly authorized hearing decision
officerisempoweredthroughsummaryproceeding Jurisdictional 1)Allother
and after due notice, to hear and decide cases reqts: claimsarising
involving recovery of wages and other monetary 1)Complaint fromErEe
claimsandbenefits,includinglegalinterests. arisesfromErEe relations
relationship
2)Including
Q:Anairlinewhichfliesboththeinternationaland
2)Claimantisan thoseof
domestic routes requested the SLE to approve the Eeorperson personsin
policy that all female flight attendants upon employedin domesticor
reaching age 40 with at least 15 years of service domesticor household
shall be compulsorily retired; however, flight No
household service
attendantswhohavereachedage40buthavenot jurisdictional
serviceoraHH
worked for 15 years will be allowed to continue reqts
3)Complaint 3)Involvingan
workinginordertoqualifyforretirementbenefits, doesNOTinclude amount
but in no case will the extension exceed 4 years. aclaimfor exceeding
Does the SLE have the authority to approve the reinstatement P5,000
policy?
4)Aggregate 4)Whetheror
A: Yes. Art.132 (d) of the Labor Code provides that moneyclaimof not
theSLEshallestablishstandardsthatwillensurethe EACHclaimant accompanied
safety and health of women employees including doesnotexceed withaclaimfor
the authority to determine appropriate minimum P5,000 reinstatement
age and other standards for retirement or Appealableto
SLE(Incase
termination in special occupations such as those of
compliance Appealableto Appealableto
flightattendantsandthelike.(1998BarQuestion)
orderisissued NLRC NLRC
byRegional
Q: What is the difference between the power of Office)
SecretaryofLaborandEmployment(SLE),Regional
Director(RD)andLaborArbiter(LA)? 6.DOLESECRETARY
A: a.VisitorialandEnforcementPowers
Art.128
Art.129 Art.217(a)(6)
VPandEPof
RD LA Q:Whatarethe3kindsofpowersoftheSecretary
SLE
ofLaborandEmployment(SLE)?
Inspectionof
establishments
andissuance A:
Adjudicationof LAexercises 1. Visitorialpowers
ofordersto
Eesclaimsfor originaland 2. Enforcementpowers
compel
wagesand exclusive 3. Appellateorpowertoreview
compliance
benefits jurisdiction
withlabor
standards, Q:Whatconstitutevisitorialpower?
wageorders
185
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE Facultad de Derecho Civil
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
186
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM
PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
official of the Department of Labor and Q: Who will designate the voluntary arbitrator
Employment before whomsuch dispute is pending (VA)/panelincasethepartiesfailtoselectone?
that the termination may cause serious labor
disputeorisinimplementationofamasslayoff. A:ItistheNCMBthatshalldesignatetheVA/panel
based on the selection procedure provided by the
CBA. (Manila Central Line Free Workers Union v.
7.VOLUNTARYARBITRATORS Manila Central Line Corp., G.R. No. 109383, June
15,1998)
a.SubmissionAgreement
Q: May Labor Arbiters (LA) be designated as
Q:Howisarbitrationinitiated? voluntaryarbitrators(VA)?
A: A:Yes.ThereisnothinginthelawthatprohibitsLAs
1. Submission agreement Where the fromalsoactingasVAsaslongasthepartiesagree
partiesdefinethedisputestoberesolved tohavehimhearanddecidetheirdispute.(Manila
2. Demand notice Invoking collective Central Line Free Workers Union v. Manila Central
agreementarbitrationclause LineCorp.,G.R.No.109383,June15,1998)
Q:Whoisavoluntaryarbitrator(VA)? Q: What falls under the jurisdiction of Voluntary
Arbitrators(VA)?
A:
1. Any person accredited by the NCMB as A: Generally, the arbitrator is expected to decide
such only those questions expressly delineated by the
2. Any person named or designated in the submission agreement. Nevertheless, the
CBAbythepartiestoactastheirVA arbitrator can assume that he has the necessary
3. One chosen with or without the power to make a final settlement since arbitration
assistance of the NCMB, pursuant to a is the final resort for the adjudication of the
selection procedure agreed upon in the disputes. (Ludo and Luym Corp. v. Saornido, G.R.
CBA No.140960,Jan.20,2003)
4. Anyofficialthatmaybeauthorizedbythe
SLEtoactasVAuponthewrittenrequest Q:WhatcasesarewithinthejurisdictionofVA?
and agreement of the parties to a labor
dispute.(Art.212[n]) A:Originalandexclusivejurisdictionover:
Q:Whatarethepowersofavoluntaryarbitrator? 1. All unresolved grievances arising from
the:
A: a. Implementation or interpretation of
1. Holdhearings theCBA
2. Receiveevidence b. Interpretation or enforcement of
3. Take whatever action necessary to companypersonnelpolicies
resolve the dispute including efforts to
effect a voluntary settlement between 2. Wage distortion issues arising from the
parties.(Art.262A) application of any wage orders in
organizedestablishments
Q: How is a voluntary arbitrator (VA)/panel
chosen? 3. Those arising from interpretation and
implementation of productivity incentive
A: programsunderR.A.6971
1. The parties in a CBA shall designate in
advance a VA/panel, preferably from the 4. ViolationsofCBAprovisionswhicharenot
listingofqualifiedVAsdulyaccreditedby grossincharacterarenolongertreatedas
theNCMB,or ULP and shall be resolved as grievances
2. Includeintheagreementaprocedurefor undertheCBA
the selection ofsuch VA or panel of VAs,
preferably from the listing of qualified Note:GrossviolationofCBAprovisionsshall
VAs duly accredited by the NCMB. mean flagrant and/or malicious refusal to
(Art.260,par.3) comply with the economic provisions of
suchagreement.
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5. Anyotherlabordisputesuponagreement A:GR:DecisionsofVAarefinalandexecutoryafter
by the parties including ULP and 10 calendar days from receipt of the copy of the
bargainingdeadlock.(Art.262) awardordecisionbytheparties.(Art.262A)
Q: May the NLRC and DOLE entertain XPNs:
disputes/grievances/matters under the exclusive 1. AppealtotheCAviaRule43oftheRules
and original jurisdiction of the voluntary of Court within 15 days from the date of
arbitrator? receipt of VAs decision. (Luzon Devt
Bank v. Assn of Luzon Devt Bank Ees,
A:No.Theymustimmediatelydisposeandreferthe G.R.No.120319,Oct.6,1995)
same to the grievance machinery or voluntary 2. If decision of CA is adverse to a party,
arbitrationprovidedintheCBA appeal to the SC via Rule 45 on pure
questionsoflaw.
The parties may choose to submit the dispute to
voluntary arbitration proceedings before or at the Note:AVAbythenatureofherfunctionsactsinquasi
stageofcompulsoryarbitrationproceedings. judicial capacity. There is no reason why the VAs
decisions involving interpretation of law should be
Q: What is the effect of the award of voluntary beyond the SCs review. Administrative officials are
arbitrator(VA)? presumedtoactinaccordancewithlawandyettheSC
will not hesitate to pass upon their work where a
A:ThedecisionorawardoftheVAactingwithinthe question of law is involved or where a showing of
abuseofauthorityordiscretionintheirofficialactsis
scope of its authority shall determine the rights of
properly raisedin petitions for certiorari. (Continental
thepartiesandtheirdecisionsshallhavethesame
MarbleCorporationv.NLRC,G.R.No.L43825,May9,
legal effects as judgment of the courts. Such 1988)
mattersonfactandlawareconclusive.
Q: PSSLU had an existing CBA with Sanyo Phils.,
Q: Are both the employer and the bargaining Inc. which contains a union security clause which
representative of the employees required to go provides that: all members of the union covered
through the grievance machinery in case a by this agreement must retain their membership
grievancearises? ingoodstandingintheunionasconditionofhis/
her continued employment with the company.
A: Yes, because it is but logical, just and equitable On account of antiunion activities, disloyalty and
that whoever is aggrieved should initiate for joining another union, PSSLU expelled 12
settlement of grievance through the grievance employees (Ees) from the Union. As a result,
machinery. To impose compulsory procedure on PSSLU recommended the dismissal of said Ees
employersalonewouldbeoppressiveofcapital. pursuant to the union security clause. Sanyo
approvedtherecommendationandconsideredthe
Q: Who has jurisdiction over actual termination said Ees dismissed. Thereafter, the dismissed Ees
disputes and complaints for illegal dismissal filed filed with the Arbitration Branch of the NLRC a
byworkerspursuanttotheunionsecurityclause? complaintforillegaldismissal.
A: The Labor Arbiter and not the grievance Does the voluntary arbitrator (VA) have
machinery. jurisdictionoverthecase?
Q:Whatisthenatureofthepowerofavoluntary A: No, the VA has no jurisdiction over the case.
arbitrator? Although the dismissal of the Ees concerned was
made pursuant to the union security clause
A:Arbitratorsbythenatureoftheirfunctions,act provided in the CBA, there was no dispute
inaquasijudicialcapacity(BP129,asamendedby whatsoever between PSSLU and Sanyo as regards
R.A. 9702); where a question of law is involved or the interpretation or implementation of the said
thereisabuseofdiscretion,courtswillnothesitate union security clause. Both PSSLU and Sanyo are
topassuponreviewoftheiracts. united and have come to an agreement regarding
the dismissal of the Ees concerned. Thus there is
b.Rule43,RulesofCourt no grievance between the union and management
whichcouldbebroughttothegrievancemachinery.
Q: Are decisions of voluntary arbitrators (VAs) The dispute is between PSSLU and Sanyo, on the
appealable? one hand, and the dismissed union members, on
the other hand. The dispute therefore, does not
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LABORLAWTEAM:
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PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
involve the interpretation or implementation of a Darbys counsel considered that issue as having
CBA. (Sanyo Philippines Workers UnionPSSLU v. dual aspects and intended in his own mind to
Canizares,G.R.No.101619,July8,1992) submit only one of those aspects to the VA, if he
did, however, he failed to reflect his thinking and
Q: X was employed as telephone operator of intent in the arbitration agreement. (Sime Darby
Manila Midtown Hotel. She was dismissed from Phils.v.Magsalin,G.R.No.90426,Dec.15,1989)
her employment for committing the following
violations of offenses subject to disciplinary Q:Apalisok,productionchiefforRPNStation,was
actions, namely: falsifying official documents and dismissed due to her alleged hostile, arrogant,
culpable carelessnessnegligence or failure to disrespectful, and defiant behavior towards the
follow specific instructions or established Station Manager. She informed RPN that she is
procedures. X then filed a complaint for illegal waiving her right to resolve her case through the
dismissalwiththeArbitrationbranchoftheNLRC. grievance machinery as provided in the CBA. The
The Hotel challenged the jurisdictionof the Labor voluntary arbitrator (VA) resolved the case in the
Arbitrator (LA) on the ground that the case falls employees(Ees)favor.
within the jurisdictional ambit of the grievance
procedure and voluntary arbitration under the Onappeal,theCAruledinfavorofRPNbecauseit
CBA. considered the waiver of petitioner to file her
complaint before the grievance machinery as a
DoestheLAhavejurisdictionoverthecase? relinquishment of her right to avail herself of the
aidoftheVA.TheCAsaidthatthewaiverhadthe
A: Yes, the LA has jurisdiction. The dismissal of X effect of resolving an otherwise unresolved
doesnotcallfortheinterpretationorenforcement grievance, thus the decision of the VA should be
ofcompanypersonnelpoliciesbutisatermination setasideforlackofjurisdiction.Istherulingofthe
dispute which comes under the jurisdiction of the CAcorrect?
LA. The dismissal of X is not an unresolved
grievance.Neitherdoesitpertaintointerpretation A: No. Art. 262 of the Labor Code provides that
ofcompanypersonnelpolicy.(Manejav.NLRC,G.R. uponagreementoftheparties,theVAcanhearand
No.124013,June5,1998) decideallotherlabordisputes.
Q: Sime Darby Salaried Employees (Ees) Contrary to the finding of the CA, voluntary
AssociationALU (SDSEAALU) wrote petitioner arbitration as a mode of settling the dispute was
Sime Darby Pilipinas (SDP) demanding the notforceduponrespondents.Bothpartiesindeed
implementationofaperformancebonusprovision agreed to submit the issue of validity of the
identical to the one contained in their own CBA dismissalofpetitionertothejurisdictionoftheVA
with SDP. Subsequently, SDP called both by the Submission Agreement duly signed by their
respondent SDEA and SDEAALU to a meeting respective counsels. The VA had jurisdiction over
wherein the former explained that it was unable thepartiescontroversy.
togranttheperformancebonus.Inaconciliation
meeting, both parties agreed to submit their TheEeswaiverofheroptiontosubmithercaseto
dispute to voluntary arbitration. Their agreement grievance machinery did not amount to
toarbitratestated,amongotherthings,thatthey relinquishing her right to avail herself of voluntary
were"submittingtheissueofperformancebonus arbitration.(Apalisokv.RPN,G.R.No.138094,May
tovoluntaryarbitration." 29,2003)
Doesthevoluntaryarbitrator(VA)havethepower 8.COURTOFAPPEALS
topassuponnotonlythequestionofwhetherto
grant the performance bonus or not but also to Q: Is judicial review of the NLRCs decision
determinetheamountthereof? available?
A:Yes,intheiragreementtoarbitrate,theparties A: Yes, through petitions for certiorari (Rule 65)
submitted to the VA the issue of performance which should be initially filed with the CA in strict
bonus.Thelanguageoftheagreementtoarbitrate observance of the doctrine on the hierarchy of
may be seen to be quite cryptic. There is no courts as the appropriate forum for the relief
indication at all that the parties to the arbitration desired.TheCAisprocedurallyequippedtoresolve
agreement regarded the issue of performance unclear or ambiguous factual finding, aside from
bonusasatwotieredissue,onlyonetierofwhich the increased number of its component divisions.
wasbeingsubmittedtoarbitration.Possibly,Sime
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PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION
effectivityoftheLCand appropriateregional
betweenNov.1,1974 officesofthe
Dec.31,1974 DepartmentofLabor.
(Art.291)
4years.Itcommences
torunfromthedateof
formaldismissal.
IllegalDismissalCases
(Mendozav.NLRC,G.R.
No.122481,Mar.5,
1998)
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