Example From Theory To Caesar II PDF

Study Model : Theory Vs.
Caesar II
Hot Modulus @ 300 C

@Temp = 300 C
Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8526E+005 MPa) x ( ) x (0.003601 mm/mm)
For Secondary Loads FT = 5125326 N

Thermal Axial Force
S = 667.12 N/mm2
P = AE
For Primary Loads
S = E
Weight 5 m = 60.18 kg/m x 5m =2952 N
Weight @ each support = 1475 N
Longitudinal stress from weight SLW= 1475 N/7682.75 mm2 = 0.192 N/mm2
Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) / (273.052-254.5082)
= 11.6653 N/mm2
Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.192 + 11.6653 N/mm2 = 11.86 N/mm2

Corroded case
Wall Thickness = 9.271 1.5 (9.271x12.5%) = 6.612125 mm
di = 273.05- (2xt) = 259.82575 mm.
Longitudinal stress from weight SLW= 1475 N/5534.608 mm2 = 0.2665 N/mm2
Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) / (273.052-259.825752)
= 12.5114 N/mm2
Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.2665 + 12.5114 N/mm2 = 12.78 N/mm2
@Temp = 250 C
Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8873E+005 MPa) x ( ) x (0.002878 mm/mm)
For Secondary Loads FT = 4173000 N
S = 543.16 N/mm2
For Primary Loads
Same values as Temp. 300 C

Report 1:
Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress
Use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress
LOAD CASE DEFINITION KEY
CASE 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1
CASE 3 (SUS) W+P1
FX FY FZ MX MY MZ DX DY DZ
NODE Load Case
(N) (N) (N ) (N.m.) (N.m.) (N.m.) (mm.) (mm.) (mm.)
Rigid
2100 ANC
2(OPE) 0 -5125994 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
3(OPE) 0 -4174644 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 -5124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
7(EXP) 0 -4173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

-
MAX 5125994/L2 -0.000/L2
Rigid
2110 ANC
2(OPE) 0 5123044 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
3(OPE) 0 4171693 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 5124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
7(EXP) 0 4173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
MAX 5124519/L6 0.000/L6

Piping Code: B31.3 = B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008
*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***
Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. )
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4
Code Stress: 667.0 Allowable: 325.3
Axial Stress: 667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4
Bending Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1
Torsion Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1
Hoop Stress: 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1
3D Max Intensity: 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1
Allowable Allowable
Code Stress Code Stress
Load Case From Node Stress To Node Stress Piping Code
N./sq.mm. N./sq.mm.
N./sq.mm. N./sq.mm.
B31.3 *
2(OPE) 2100 656.84 325.33 2110 656.45 325.33
B31.3 *
3(OPE) 533.00 336.96 532.62 336.96
B31.3
4(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37
B31.3
5(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37
B31.3 *
6(EXP) 667.03 325.33 667.03 325.33
B31.3 *
7(EXP) 543.20 336.96 543.20 336.96
Report 2:
Use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress
*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***
Highest Stresses: (N. /sq.mm.)
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4
Allowable Allowable
N./sq.mm. N./sq.mm.
N./sq.mm. N./sq.mm.
2(OPE) 2100 656.84 325.33 2110 656.45 325.33 B31.3 *
3(OPE) 533.00 336.96 532.62 336.96 B31.3 *
4(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37 B31.3
5(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37 B31.3
6(EXP) 667.03 325.33 667.03 325.33 B31.3 *
7(EXP) 543.20 336.96 543.20 336.96 B31.3 *
Report 3:
Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress
*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED ***
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1
Allowable Allowable
N./sq.mm. N./sq.mm.
N./sq.mm. N./sq.mm.
B31.3
2(OPE) 2100 656.84 0.00 2110 656.45 0.00
B31.3
3(OPE) 533.00 0.00 532.62 0.00
B31.3
4(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37
B31.3
5(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37
B31.3
6(EXP) 0.00 202.96 0.00 202.96
B31.3
7(EXP) 0.00 205.28 0.00 205.28
Report 4:
Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ DX DY DZ
NODE
Case (N) (N) (N ) (N.m.) (N.m.) (N.m.) (mm.) (mm.) (mm.)
Rigid ANC
2100
2(OPE) 0 -5125994 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
3(OPE) 0 -4174644 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 -5124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
7(EXP) 0 -4173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
MAX - -0.000/L2
5125994/L2
Rigid ANC
2110
2(OPE) 0 5123044 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
3(OPE) 0 4171693 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 5124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
7(EXP) 0 4173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
MAX 5124519/L6 0.000/L6

Allowable Allowable
N./sq.mm. N./sq.mm.
N./sq.mm. N./sq.mm.
656.84 0.00 656.45 0.00 B31.3

2(OPE) 2100 2110
533.00 0.00 532.62 0.00 B31.3

3(OPE)
12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37 B31.3

4(SUS)
12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37 B31.3

5(SUS)
0.00 202.96 0.00 202.96 B31.3

6(EXP)
0.00 205.28 0.00 205.28 B31.3

7(EXP)
Report 5 :
Use Cold Modulus (Ec) for Report Force & Stress
Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ DX DY DZ
NODE
Case (N) (N) (N ) (N.m.) (N.m.) (N.m.) (mm.) (mm.) (mm.)
Rigid ANC
2100
2(OPE) 0 -5628066 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
3(OPE) 0 -4499159 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 -5626590 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
7(EXP) 0 -4497684 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
MAX - -0.000/L2
5628066/L2
Rigid ANC
2110
2(OPE) 0 5625115 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
3(OPE) 0 4496209 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 5626591 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
7(EXP) 0 4497684 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
MAX 5626591/L6 0.000/L6

Highest Stresses: (MPa )
Code Stress Allowable Code Stress Allowable

Load Case From Node To Node Piping Code
MPa Stress MPa MPa Stress MPa
722.23 0.00 721.85 0.00 B31.3

2(OPE) 2100 2110
533.03 0.00 532.65 0.00 B31.3

3(OPE)
12.39 122.38 12.85 122.38 B31.3

4(SUS)
12.39 122.38 12.85 122.38 B31.3

5(SUS)
0.00 202.97 0.00 202.97 B31.3

6(EXP)
0.00 205.30 0.00 205.30 B31.3

7(EXP)
C2 Configuration For Stress
B31.3 Paragraph 319.2.3(c)
Enables the software to include axial terms in the expansion stress according to Paragraph 319.2.3(c) of
B31.3. This option has three settings, as discussed below.
No (default) - CAESAR II behaves as it always has, and axial stresses are not included in the
(Expansion) Displacement Stress Range value. (This is Se in Eq. (17) of B31.3.)
|Sa| + Se - The absolute value of the axial stress is added to the (Expansion) Displacement Stress
Range, and the sum is reported as the (Expansion) Displacement Stress Range, Se. This selection
is more conservative than ( |Sa| + Sb )2.
( |Sa| + Sb )2 - The absolute value for the axial stress is added to the bending term in the
(Expansion) Displacement Stress Range equation (Se, Eq (17) in B31.3). This selection is less
conservative than |Sa| + Se. This option is more nearly theoretically correct, and consistent
with Appendix P Eqs (P17a) and (P17b).
Implement B31.3 Appendix P
Activating this option implements the alternate rules in B31.3 Appendix P. This option produces a "code
compliance operating load case", with allowable stress values.
Implement B31.3 Code Case 178
Activating this option causes the program to compute the Sustained stresses according to B31.3 Code
Case 178.
ASME Website Code Case 178. Activating this option over-rides the directives for "F/A" and "torsion",
since the Code Case explicitly defines how to make the Sustained Case stress calculation.
Add F/A in Stresses
This option determines whether or not the axial stress term is included in the code stress computation.
Setting this directive to Default causes CAESAR II to use whatever the currently active piping code
recommends. Only the B31.3-type piping codes (i.e. codes where the sustained stress equation is not
explicitly given) have the F/A stresses included in the sustained and occasional stress equations. The
B31.1-type codes do not include the F/A stresses because the equations given explicitly in the code do
not include it. The F/A stresses discussed here are not due to longitudinal pressure. These are the F/A
stresses due to structural loads in the piping system itself.
Add Torsion in SL Stress
Some piping codes include torsion in the sustained and occasional stresses by explicitly including it in
the stress equation (i.e. B31.1), and some don't include torsion in the sustained and occasional stresses
by implicitly calling for "longitudinal stresses" only (i.e. B31.3). Setting the Add Torsion in SL Stress
directive to Yes forces CAESAR II to include the torsion term in those codes that don't include it already
by default. Setting this directive to Default causes CAESAR II to use whatever the currently active piping
code implies. In a sustained stress analysis of a very hot piping system subject to creep, it is
recommended that the user include torsion in the sustained stress calculation via this parameter in the
setup file.
Liberal Stress Allowable

A conservative formulation of the allowable expansion stress range for many codes in CAESAR II is
calculated from:
SA = f ( 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh )
When the user requests that the Liberal Allowable be used, the difference between Sh and Sl,
provided Sh > Sl, will be added to the term inside the parenthesis, i.e.
SA(Liberal) = f[ 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh + ( Sh - Sl) ]
The liberal expression will only be employed when there is at least one sustained stress case in the load
set. If there is more than one sustained stress case in a single problem, then the largest of Sl, considering
all of the sustained cases, for any single element end will be chosen to subtract from Sh. Because the
sustained stress varies from one pipe to another, the allowable expansion stress will also vary.
By default, New Job Liberal Expansion Stress Allowable is in its computation of the expansion stress
allowable. (New models are created using this configuration setting.) Users not wishing to utilize this
default setting for calculating the expansion can simply change the state of this check box. CAESAR II
uses the liberal stress allowable setting in the configuration file
All Cases Corroded

A recent version of the B31.3 piping code mentioned reducing the section modulus for sustained or
occasional stress calculations by the reduction in wall thickness due to corrosion. Several users have
interpreted this to mean that the reduced section modulus should be used for all stress calculations,
including expansion. This directive allows those users to apply this conservative interpretation of the
code. Enabling All Cases Corroded causes CAESAR II to use the corroded section modulus for the
calculation of all stress types. This method is recommended as conservative, and probably more
realistic as corrosion can significantly affect fatigue life, i.e., expansion. Disabling this directive causes
CAESAR II to strictly follow the piping code recommendations, i.e. depending on the active piping code,
some load cases will consider corrosion and some will not.

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Study Model : Theory Vs.

Hot Modulus @ 300 C

Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8526E+005 MPa) x ( ) x (0.003601 mm/mm)

For Secondary Loads FT = 5125326 N

Weight @ each support = 1475 N

Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.192 + 11.6653 N/mm2 = 11.86 N/mm2

Wall Thickness = 9.271 1.5 (9.271x12.5%) = 6.612125 mm

di = 273.05- (2xt) = 259.82575 mm.

Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.2665 + 12.5114 N/mm2 = 12.78 N/mm2

Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8873E+005 MPa) x ( ) x (0.002878 mm/mm)

For Secondary Loads FT = 4173000 N

For Primary Loads

Same values as Temp. 300 C

Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress

Use Appendix P for Operating stress range

Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

LOAD CASE DEFINITION KEY

CASE 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

CASE 3 (SUS) W+P1

2(OPE) 0 -5125994 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

3(OPE) 0 -4174644 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

6(EXP) 0 -5124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

7(EXP) 0 -4173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

2(OPE) 0 5123044 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

3(OPE) 0 4171693 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

6(EXP) 0 5124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

7(EXP) 0 4173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

MAX 5124519/L6 0.000/L6

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***

Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. )

CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Code Stress: 667.0 Allowable: 325.3

Axial Stress: 667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Bending Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Torsion Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Hoop Stress: 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

3D Max Intensity: 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress

Use Appendix P for Operating stress range

Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

Piping Code: B31.3 = B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***

Highest Stresses: (N. /sq.mm.)

CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Code Stress: 667.0 Allowable: 325.3

Axial Stress: 667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Bending Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Torsion Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Hoop Stress: 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

3D Max Intensity: 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress

Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range

Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

Piping Code: B31.3 = B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED ***

Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. )

CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

Code Stress: 12.8 Allowable: 122.4

Axial Stress: 667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

* CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED *

* CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED *

* CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED *