Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1
(*) or multiples / negative charge on e not required
[10]
0.25
7. (a) (i) 97
3
= 0.00258 / 2.58 10 / 0.0026 / 0.002577 (1) MnCl2 (1) This is a stand alone mark
or
MnCl2 and some correct working (3)
Note:
If a candidate gets a formula MnClx where is between 2 and 7 because
they have made a chemical error, they can score a maximum of 1 mark. If
the error is mathematical they can score a maximum of 2 marks
3
[12]
(b) amount Na = 3.0123 = 0.13 mol (1) (b) Energy in = (612 + 366) = 978 (1)
Energy out = 348 + 412 + 276 = 1036 (1)
Energy change = 978 1036 = -58 (1) consequential or, calculation in (a) (ii) uses real /
actual / experimental
/standard/ values (1)
n.b. do not accept arguments based on error 2
[11]
1
(b) (i) 3OCl 2Cl + ClO3
species (1) balance (1)
If candidates choose to include the four C-H bonds the above
figures are 2626, 2684 and -58 3
(c) (i) Cl2 + 2e 2Cl (1) (*) 1
(ii) 2Br Br2 + 2e (1) (*)
enthalpies (1)
Actual values for these compounds probably slightly different
2 0.01 100
(b) 0.25 = 8% (1)
0.01
but allow 0.25 100 = 4%6. (a) (i)
Enthalpy/heat change for formation of 1 mole of a
compound (1)
from its elements (1)
in their standard states / or stated temperature of 298K
(25C) and 1 atm (or suitable unit) (1) 3
2
(ii) = -60.4 (52.336.2) (1)
1
= -76.5 (Kj mol ) (1) 2
3
(c) W Weighing must be evidence of two weighings at some point in
the process (1)
P Preparation Rinsing out one piece of relevant apparatus
correctly (1) (*)
D Dissolve Dissolve in water in beaker / volumetric flask (1) (*)
R Rinse Rinse beaker and add washing to volumetric flask /
rinse funnel (if solid straight to volumetric flask) (1) (*)
V Volumetric Volumetric / standard / graduated flask (1)
flask DO NOT AWARD IF CANDIDATE USES VOLUMETRIC
3
FLASK TO MEASURE OUT 250 cm (*)
3 3
M 250 cm Making up to mark / exactly 250 cm of solution (1) (*)
S Shake Shake / invert / mix final solution (1) n.b. this is at end (*)
mass of sulphamicacid 1000
C concentration = 97 (or Mr) 250 (1)
H Safety
(solution of) acid is corrosive and appropriate safety precaution
e.g. wear eye protection and/or gloves (1)
(*) Max 5 marks
[13]
4
N a + (g ) + H (g ) + e
N a + (g ) + H (g )
N a (g ) + H (g )
N a ( g ) + 1/ 2 H 2 ( g )
N a ( s ) + 1/ 2 H 2 ( g )
N a H (s)
(c)
5
(iii) moles of O2 = 0.1/2 = 0.0500 (1) i.e. divide by 2
3
vol O2 = 0.05 24 = 1.2 (dm ) (1) i.e. by 24 2
consequential on (ii) or (i)
3
if use wrong unit eg mol dm max (1)
6
(d) Ensures all acid reacts / neutralisation (of acid) 1
+
completed / reaction (of acid) completed / all H reacted (1)
[7]
11. (a) Note 1 mark for improvement 1 mark for related reason in each case to max 4 marks.
Reason must relate to improvement. Max 2 for improvement. Max 2 for reason.
Improvement insulate beaker / polystyrene cup / plastic cup / use lid (1)
Reason Prevents / reduces heat loss or absorbs less heat (1)
Improvement Use pipette / burette (1)
Reason More accurate (than measuring cylinder) (1)
Improvement Measure temperature for several minutes before the addition (1)
Reason Allows more accurate value for the initial temperature (1)
Improvement Measure temperature more often (1)
Reason Allows for better extrapolation / more accurate
temperature change from graph (1)
7
(iii) Enthalpy change per mol = 3.18/.025 = 127kJ (1)
negative sign (1) stand alone
consequential on (i) and (ii)
1
max 4 sig fig and answer must be in kJ mol even if units omitted. 2
[8]
13. (a) Enthalpy or heat change or heat energy / released when 1 mol
of substance / element or compound (need to say both) (1)
is burned in excess oxygen / completely / reacts completely (1)
at 1 atm pressure and specified temperature (1) 3
8
(d) correct orientation of energy levels / labelled (at least one) (1)
H shown - number allowed (1)
reaction profile showing Ea (1)
[if based on (b) max 2]
a c tiv a tio n e n e rg y
C (+ O 2 )
E n th a lp y
C O 2
[10]
3
(ii) 20.0 cm (1) 1
9
(c) No stirring / poor mixing (1)
Specified method of stirring or mixing e.g. magnetic stirrer / swirl cup
between additions (1)
or
Solutions at different initial temperatures (1)
Allow them to stabilise at room temperature (1)
Do not allow anything to do with heat loss. Do not allow more accurate
thermometer` since the one specified is good enough. 2
[14]
15. (a) (i) NO 3
2
(ii) CrO 4 2
2
+
(b) Ag , CrO 4 or names 1
2
+
(c) 2Ag (aq)+ CrO 4 (aq) Ag2CrO4(s)
Formulae and balancing (1)
State symbols (1) 2
[5]
20
16. (a) 1000 0.5 = 0.01 1
(b) Energy change = 20 4.18 26.3 = (2198.68)
2198.68
H = () 0.01 (1)
220, ALLOW 4sf 219.9, no units needed
OR 220,000 J (1) 2
[3]
10
17. (a) (i) (46 8 + 47 7.3 + 48 74 + 49 5.5 + 50 5.2) 100 = 47.926
= 47.9
Method (1)
Correct answer to three significant figures (1) 2
(ii) mass spectrometer 1
2 2 6 2 6 2 2 2 2
(b) (i) 1s 2s 2 p 3s 3 p (1) 4s 3d OR 3d 4s (1) 2
(ii) Transition metals /elements OR d block 1
(c) (i) reduction or redox 1
1
(ii) 940 2 110 = +720 kJ mol
Method (1)
Value (1)
Sign and units (1) 3
(iii) Hess / Law of Conservation of Energy First Law of Thermodynamics 1
(iv) Carbon monoxide / CO is produced (1)
which is toxic / poisonous (1) 2
[13]
11
(b) (i) N(g) + 3F(g) in top right-hand box
N2(g) + 1 F2(g) in lower box. 1
(ii)
4 7 3 + (3 7 9 )
1 2 5 (k J m o l1) = (+ ) 7 1 0 (k J m o l 1)
(1 )
A C C E P T 7 1 0 a lo n e
(1 )
Arrows in correct directions and labelled with correct data 2
1
(iii) H at for [NF3(g)] N (g) + 3F (g) = 710 ( 125) = (+) 835 (kJ mol ) (1)
835
E (N F) = 3 1
= (+) 278 kJ mol (1)
Penalise 4 or more SF
Penalise incorrect units 2
[9]
12
20. (a) % oxygen 100 (31.84 + 28.98) = 39.18 (1)
K Cl O
31.84/39 28.98/35.5 39.18/16 Divide by Ar (1)
0.8164 0.8163 2.448 Divide by smallest
1 1 3
M u s t b e 2 o r m o re s ig n if ic a n t fig u re s
Alternative multiply by Ar + SUM (1) Calc % (1) 39.18 for 0 (1) 3
OR
1.00g of A gives 0.3918 g of oxygen (1)
0.3918 g of oxygen = 0.03918/32 moles of oxygen = 0.0122 moles (1)
3 3
0.0122 moles of oxygen = 0.0122 24 dm of O = 0.293 dm (1)
2-4 significant figure in answer allowed 3
[6]
21. (a) (i) It is the enthalpy / heat (energy) change / evolved for the
formation of 1 mol of urea (1)
from its elements (1)
in their standard states / at 1 atm and stated temperature {298K} (1) 3
13
Correct answer alone (1)
+ 132.9 kJ (2)
Omitting the 2 gives 179.1 kJ (2)
+ 179.1 kJ (1)
Incorrect application of Hesss Law gives 1104.7 kJ (2)
+ 1 1 04.7 kJ (1)
Incorrect Hesss Law and omit 2 gives 1058.5 kJ (1)
+ 1058.5 kJ (0)
69 60 71 40
(b) 100 (1)
= (4140 + 2840)/100
= 69.8 (1)
-1 for more or less than 3 SF 2
14
23. (a) (i) 4gS = 1/8 mol / 0.125 mol 1
(ii) 1/8mol S 1/8 mol SO2 (stated or implied) (1)
3 3 3 3
Volume = 24/8 = 3 dm / 3.0 dm / 3.00 dm / 3000 cm (1)
1 for incorrect/missing units 2
SO 2 2OH SO 32 H 2 O
(b) (1) (1) 2
[5]
+
24. (a) (i) H2O is proton / H / hydrogen ion donor 1
(ii) Strong base ionises completely in water/solution
or weak base does not ionise/ interact to any extent in water
or strong base is a better proton acceptor than weak base
Dont allow definitions based on rate 1
3
25. (a) Density = 1.0 g cm
3
OR 1 cm (of water) weighs 1 g 1
15
(c) (Mass used = 198.76 197.68 = ) 1.08 calculated or correctly used
(1)
1.08
Moles = 46.0 = 0.0235 / 0.02348 (1) 2
Answer to(b)
(d) Answer to(c) (1)
15.5
e.g. 0.0235
1
negative sign and kJ mol (1)
answer correct to 3sf (1) 3
2
(c) (i) 2.5 10 123.5 (1) 1.1 = 3.4 / 3.40 / 3.396 g (1)
ALLOW TE from (b)(ii) 2
(ii) To prevent the reaction mixture from frothing out of the beaker 1
(iii) Filter (to remove unreacted copper(II) carbonate) 1
16
(d) (i) 249.5 1
(ii) actual mass/ mol 100 / = 3.98 / 249.5 100
method
2
theoretical mass / mol 2.5 10
OR method using masses = 3.98 = 3.98 etc
(1)
0.025249.5 6.2375 2
answer 63.8 / 64 % (1)
ALLOW TE from (a) / (c) (I) / (d)(i)
2+ 2+
28. (a) (i) Mg(s) + Cu (aq) Mg (aq) + Cu(s)
entities (1)
state symbols (1) 2
(ii)
2+ 2+
H (r) = H f[Mg (aq)] H f [Cu (aq)]
entities including state symbols (1)
arrows (1)
Hess applied (1) 3
17
29. (a) (i) a particle / species /group with an unpaired electron /OWTTE 1
(ii) 1
(iii) homolytic 1
(b) B and C 1
(c) (i) C12 + CH4 CH3Cl + HCl 1
1
(ii) +242 + 4 + 339 = 93 kJ mol
(A + B + F)
OR
1
+4 97 = 93 kJ mol
(B + C)
Method (1)
answer with units (1) 2
1
(d) (i) -242 kJ mol 1
(ii) Exothermic because a bond has been formed. 1
(e) Less endothermic (1)
the bond is weaker (1) 2
[11]
(b) (i) Increase temperature for Na2CO3 and decrease for NaHCO3 (1)
Larger T with Na2CO3 (or consequential on (a)(iii) (1) 2
(ii) No heat lost/gained to/from surroundings/reaction is complete
shc of the solution is the same as water
3
Allow 1 cm of solution has a mass of 1g 1
10 1
Do not allow shc is 4.18 J g C
[8]
18
31. (a) (i) Nichrome/platinum wire/ceramic rod (1)
cleaned in concentrated hydrochloric acid (1)
dipped in powdered sample and heated in flame (1)
rd
both ideas needed for 3 point. 3
(ii) Electrons promoted/excited to higher energy levels (1)
Fall back releasing energy as light of a particular frequency
/wavelength/emr (1) 2
+
(iii) Sodium/Na 1
(c) (i) Hr = H1 H2 1
(ii) +9.2 85.2
1
= +94 kJ mol (1)
sign and units (1) 2
[15]
1
ACCEPT all dots/crosses
(ii)
19
(iii) repulsion between four pairs of electrons gives
tetrahedral shape (1))
Greater repulsion of non-bonding electrons/lone pair
closes down tetrahedral bond angle (1) 2
33. (a) Reduction is electron gain (1) IGNORE any reference to oxygen and hydrogen
ALLOW decrease in oxidation number/state 1
(b) In (i) and (ii) allow multiples
(i) Fe
3+
+ e Fe
2+ 1
(ii) 2I I2 + 2e Do NOT allow I for I2 1
3+ 2+
(iii) 2Fe + 2I 2Fe + I2
Stand alone
This equation must be correct for the mark and not just a combination
of (i) and (ii) 1
(c) (i) Cl is (+) 1 in NaClO (1),
(+) 5 in NaClO3 (1),
and 1 in NaCl (1)
ACCEPT as Roman numerals 3
(ii) Chlorine is both oxidised and reduced
OR
The chlorines oxidation number goes from +1 to +5 and 1.
consequential on oxidation numbers in (i) provided that chlorine has
gone both up and down 1
20
3 3 1
(d) (i) Amount of N2 = 54 dm /20 dm mol = 2.7 (mol) 1
(ii) Amount of NaN3 = 2.7 2/3 = 1.8 mol 1
(iii) 117 g (2)
Salvage marks:
1
Mr of NaN3 = 65 g mol (1)
Mark consequentially (iiii)
24 SF
117 with no unit (1)
117 with wrong unit (1) 2
[12]
(c)
C H 4(g ) + 2 H 2 O (g ) C O 2 (g ) + 4 H 2 (g )
4 H 2 (g ) + C (s) + O 2 (g )
Cycle (1)
do not allow the word elements
Arrows labelled Hf etc or numbers (1)
Hr = 394 ( 75) 2 (242) (1)
1
= + 165 (1) (kJ mol ) 4
[10]
21
35. (a) Step II Wait before reading temperature/ take a series of
(temperature) readings (1)
NOTE Ignore any references to time or more accurate thermometer
Step III Stir after each addition / leave thermometer in solution
throughout/do not rinse (1) 2
(b) Drawing two best fit lines (second line can be through first three points) (1)
Extending to a maximum (1) 2
3
Curve between 20 and 25 cm scores first mark only
Note if use wrong last point for first line, no marks can be scored.
Hand sketched (without ruler) scores one mark only.
(c) Reading T consequentially (1) expected T = 7.0 0.1 (C) 2sf for T
3
Reading VN consequentially (1) expected VN = 22.5 to 23.0 (cm ) 3sf for VN
3
T = 6.9 (C) VN = 25.0 (cm ) scores (1) only 2
36. Only penalise wrong or missing units once in parts (a) & (b).
3 3
(a) 24 dm OR 24 000 cm 1
3 3
(b) 48 dm OR 48 000 cm 1
[2]
22
37. (a) (ionic) precipitation 1
+ 2-
(b) (i) (2)NH4 and Cr2O7 2
2- +
(ii) Cr2O7 ((aq)) + 2NH4 ((aq)) (NH4)2Cr2O7((s))
State symbols not required 1
(iii) The orange colour would move towards the anode / + / left 1
-1
(c) (i) 18 2 + 52 2 + 16 7 = 252 (g / g mol )
-1
Penalise incorrect units eg 252 g in (i) and (ii) only once. 1
(ii) 0.1 mol has a mass of 25.2 (g)
ALLOW TE 1
3 3
(iii) 100 cm / 0.1 dm must have units 1
(iv) Filter (1)
Wash with (small quantity) / (cold) water (1)
Dry between filter papers / in a warm oven (< 40 C) / in a dessicator (1) 3
(v) Some remains in solution )
Some lost on washing ) Any two
Transfer loss eg on glassware, filter paper ) 2
[13]
23
-1
(iii) 0 / zero (kJ mol ) 1
(iv) 4 242 + 1140 (OR 2108) 1810 (1)
-1
298 kJ mol
value (1)
signs and units (1) dependent on value being one of these given 3
+
(b) KNO3 because K / potassium ion has larger radius / is larger - ion essential (1)
+ +
but same charge - stated or K and Li given
[lower charge density scores 1 out of the first two marks]
Charge density on its own (1) UNLESS term is explained (2)
polarises/distorts nitrate/negative ion/anion less (1)
OR weakens bonds in nitrate less
NOT weakens ionic bond
If LiNO3 more stable (0) 3
[4]
1664
40. (a) (i) 4 = 416 (kJ mol 1) IGNORE + signs 1
(ii) energy needed to break bonds:
2 436 + 193 = (+)1065 (1)
energy change in making bonds:
348 + 4x 416 + 2x 276 = () 2564 (1)
1
enthalpy change = 1065 2564 = 1499 (kJ mol ) (1)
rd
[value and ve sign needed for 3 mark] 3
ALLOW T.E.
+ 1499 with working scores (2)
24
41. (a) (i) Points accurately plotted (1)
Two straight lines of best fit. (1)
NOT dot-to-dot, IGNORE any other joining up. 2
3 3
(ii) Density = 1g cm / total volume after reaction 50 cm / total mass is 50 g.
3
ACCEPT 1g = 1 cm
ACCEPT Density is same as that for water
ACCEPT Heat capacity of metal is irrelevant
NOT density = 1 1
(iii) (1.0 50 / 1000) = 0.05(0) (mol) 1
answer to(b) (i)
(iv) answer to(b) (ii) (1)
1
divide by 1000, value, negative sign (for units of kJ mol ). (1)
1
ALLOW answer in J mol if unit given. 2
IGNORE SF.
25
(c) Improvement is a stand alone mark, reason is not
Any two from:
QWC Improvement: Place a lid on the polystyrene cup (1)
Reason: Reduces heat loss (1)
Improvement: Use a pipette or burette (to measure the volume of solution) (1)
Reason: More accurate (way of measuring volume) (1)
Improvement: Use more precise thermometer / digital thermometer (1)
Reason: Gives more accurate temperature change (1)
Improvement: Mechanical stirrer / magnetic stirrer (1)
Reason: to ensure complete / or faster reaction (1)
NOT spread heat
Improvement: Measure temperature more often
Reason: Allows for better extrapolation (1)
OR can obtain a more accurate value of maximum temperature /
temperature change from graph 4
NOT repeating few times
NOT cotton wool insulation alone
NOT more accurate weighing.
[14]
26
(iii) moles of HCl used =
((25/1000) 1.0)
2
= 0.025 / 2.5 10
IGNORE units 1
2+ 2- (2+) (2-)
43. (a) Ca (aq) + CO3 (aq) Ca CO3 (s)
left-hand side (1)
right-hand (1) 2
BUT if all formulae correct (including charges) but missing/
wrong state symbols 1 max
27
(630/0.05)
1000 1
(iii) H = = + 13 kJ mol [2 SF]
answer (i) (ii) (1)
sign, units and 2 SF (1)
nd st
2 mark dependent on 1 unless clear method given
1
Answer can be calculated in J mol
1
+ 13 kJ mol with no working (2)
1
+ 13 000 J mol with no working (2) 2
4 234
23.4
(ii) 10 = 0.40 mol dm3 OR 10 g dm
3
consequential on (a)(i)
units required 1
28
(iii) moles chlorine = 2
3
vol = 2 24 = 48 (dm )
Consequential on (a)(i)
Correct answer (some working) (2)
Correct answer (no working) (1)
Incorrect answer scores (1) only if moles of Cl2 mentioned 2
29
(b) (i) H = {(4x + 435) + (2x + 498)} (1)
+ {(2x 805) + (4x 464)} (1)
IGNORE signs for first two marks, ie marks for total
enthalpies of bonds broken and made.
1
= 730 (kJmol ) (1)
rd
3 mark is consequential on their values for first two marks
1
+ 730 (kJmol ) (max 2) 3
QWC (c) (Exothermic so) products are at lower energy than reactants (1)
Reactants are therefore thermodynamically unstable
st
(with respect to products) (1) Consequential on 1 mark
NOT reaction or system is thermodynamically unstable
Can argue from point of view of products.
Ea is high (for noticeable reaction at room temperature) (1)
NOT Ea high on its own
So reactants are kinetically stable (with respect to products) (1)
rd
Consequential on 3 mark
If reaction instead of reactants is used (3 max) 4
[14]
3 3
(b) (i) 27.0 cm ALLOW 1.0 cm 1
(ii) 9.3 0.5 C 1
30
(b) (i) 2
(c) (i) 1000
ALLOW correct answer with no working 1
(ii) (c)(i) 1
1000
(iii) (c)(ii) 50 (1)
Correct answer see table below (1) 2
(d) (i)
H
(ii) 0.05 (c) (iii) answer plus units
sign (1)
numerical answer, using candidates figures, to 2 or 3 s.f. (1)
1
kJ mol (1) can be in J or KJ 3
Table of answers
(b)(i) (b)(ii) (c)(i) & (ii) (c)(iii) (d)(i) (d)(ii)
/ kJ 1
/ kJ mol
26.0 9.4 0.052 1.04 3.00 57.7
9.6 3.06 58.8
26.5 9.4 0.053 1.06 3.02 57.0
9.6 3.08 58.1
27.0 9.4 0.054 1.08 3.04 56.3
9.6 3.10 57.4
31
3.5
0.50 / 1 2
47. (a) Number of moles / 7 (1)
If candidate does first part only, working must be shown
23
Number of atoms = 3.01 10 (1)
23
ACCEPT 3.0 OR 3 OR 3.010(10 )
23
NOT 3.01
nd
If all working shown, allow TE for 2 mark Ignore units
Correct answer with no working (2) 2
+ +
(b) (i) 2Li((s)) + 2H ((aq)) 2Li ((aq)) + H2((g))
ALLOW multiples Ignore state symbols 1
+
++
Li + Cl
(ii)
(1) (1)
Allow all dots or all crosses on Cl
Max 1 if no/wrong charges
If covalent (0)
Do NOT penalise if electrons not shown in pairs
Maximum 1 if Li and Cl not labelled
Li and Cl symbols can go below diagram
Square brackets not essential
Allow number of protons/positive charges in nucleus as
alternative to symbols for Li and Cl 2
P ro to n s 18 (1 )
E le c tro n s 18
48. (a) N e u tro n s 22 (1 ) 2
32
(b) Position depends on proton number/ atomic number (not mass) / Ar
atom has 1 less proton than K atom.
IGNORE references to number of protons = number of electrons 1
2 2 6 2 6
(d) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
Numbers following letters can be subscript or superscript 1
s and p can be upper or lower case
+ ()
(e) (i) Ar(g) Ar (g) + e ((g))
() +
OR Ar(g) e ((g)) Ar (g)
Symbol of Ar must be correct 1
(f) Argon inert / unreactive so filament cant react/ vaporises less easily/
lasts longer (1)
(b) (24 0.7860) + (25 0.1011) + ( 26 0. 1129) (1)
24.33 (1) 2
[7]
5.
33
that negative means exothermic and positive means
endothermic reaction 1
1
[14]
34
49. (a) (i) 1/l, 0 1/l, 0
minus can be either side, sub or superscript
iodine nos correct (1)
chlorine nos correct (1) 2
30.0
0 .2
(iii) moles NaI = 150 (1)
moles I2 = 0.1 (1)
mass of I2 = 0.1 254 = 25.4 (g) (1)
OR
300g NaI (1) 254g I2 (1)
254
30.0 300 = 25.4(g) (1)
Correct answer with some working (3)
Use of atomic numbers 2 max
Penalise wrong units 3
3
(iv) vol = 0.1 24 = 2.4 (dm ) 1
If not 2.4, check for consequential on (a)(iii)
+ () () +
(ii) I(g) I (g) + e OR I(g) e I (g)
species (1)
state symbols (1) - award state symbols mark only if species correct
and in correct place, or if wrong halogen used
If I2 OR I2 (0) 2
[12]
35
50. (a) (i) 4 pairs of electrons /2 lone pairs and 2 bond pairs (1)
so electron pairs arranged tetrahedrally
OR
Arranged to give maximum separation/minimum repulsion (1) 2
()
(ii) 103 105 (1)
lone pair repulsion> bond pair repulsion (1) 2
14.9 85.1
(c) 31 = (0.481) 35.5 = (2.40) (1)
0.481 2.40
0.481 = 1 0.481 = 5 , so PCl5 (1)
Use of atomic number max 1 2
[11]
36
51. (a) Heat/enthalpy/energy change per mole of substance/compound/product
OR
heat/enthalpy/energy change for the formation of 1 mol of substance/
compound/product (1)
heat released and heat required not allowed unless both mentioned
NOT molecule
from its elements in their standard states (1)
at 1 atm pressure and a stated temperature/298 K (1)
NOT room temperature and pressure
NOT under standard conditions 3
1
(b) (i) (H = 306 (399)) = (+) 93 (kJ mol ) 1
ALLOW kJ
Incorrect units lose mark otherwise
52. (a) To make sure the decomposition/ reaction is complete / all the carbon
dioxide has been given off.
Reference to burning (0)
NOT maximum CO2 1
IGNORE significant figures in (b) and (c)
37
(b) (i) 2.2(0) (g) 1
2.20
(ii) 44 = 0.05(00) mark is for 44 1
(iii) 0.05(00) 1
5.75
(iv) 0.0500 (1) = 115 (g mol1) 1
115 0.91
(c) (i) Molar mass error = 100 = () 1(.05) (1) 1
Consequential on (b)(iv)
ALLOW a range of 2 error
(iii) 54 to 56 1
Consequential on (ii)
(iv) Could be Mn or Fe 1
Consequential on (iii)
MUST be metals and must give all possible in range
[10]
79.0
L
53. (a) 1.31 1022 (1)
23
= 6.03 10 (1)
1 mark for SF error
23
Final answer must be 6.03 10 for 2nd mark
Correct answer with no working (2)
23 23
6 10 / 6.02 10 quoted with no working (0)
Error in method, max (1) 2
38
(b) 80 is the average mass of Br atoms / isotopes
OR
There must be another/at least one Br isotope of mass greater than
80/with more than 45 neutrons
NOT naturally occurring isotope has mass 80 1
[3]
54. (a) Difficult to decide when reaction complete/ reaction may be incomplete (1)
OR All CaCO3 may not decompose (1)
OR Difficult to measure temperature changes in solids (1)
OR T or Hreaction cannot be determined because heat is supplied (1)
OR Necessary temperature cannot be reached (1)
OR No suitable thermometers (for measuring temperature change at high
temperatures) (1)
ALLOW heat is required so temperature change will not be accurate
NOT Heat is supplied so temperature cannot be
measured/ will not be accurate 1
(b) (i) Reaction occurs quickly / incomplete reaction (in reasonable time)
with lumps (1)
Heat losses occur if reaction is slow (1) 2
39
(c) (Standard) enthalpy (change) of formation (of calcium carbonate)
ACCEPT Hformation / Hformation/formation
NOT Hf / Hf 1
[10]
55. (a)
Neutrons Electrons
24
12
12Mg
26
14
12Mg
24
2+ 10
12Mg
(b)
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
Mg
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
Cl
Arrows can be
for
for 2
Accept both arrows up or both down
Reject numbers
40
(56.25 70) (37.50 72) (6.25 74)
(d) 100 (1)
= 71 (1)
Any unit max 1
nd
2 mark consequential on fraction provided 70, 72 and 74 used 2
Accept answer 2 SF
Reject use of Ar (0 mark)
Reject just 71 with no working (0 mark)
4.73
(e) 71 moles (1)
3
X 30.6 = 2.04 dm (1)
Answer with no working 1 max 2
Accept consequential if wrong answer to (d) used.
Accept 71 used when (d) incorrect
Accept answer 2 SF
Reject no or incorrect unit of volume (loses 1 mark)
41
(g) Ionic (1)
2+
oo oo
o o o o
o
M g
o 2 o Cl
o
oo oo
O R
oo
2+
oo oo
o o o o o o
o Cl M g Cl
o o o o o
oo oo oo
3
(ii) 48 dm = 2 moles (1)
allow TE from (a)(i)
allow 87 g/86.67 g
Reject 86 g
86.6 g
86.6666666 g
number of moles of NaN3 = 2/3 2 = 4/3
mass = 4/3 65 = 86.7 g (1)
ALLOW 2,3 or 4 SF
Accept correct answer with no working (2)
st
If 2 moles of N2 seen anywhere award 1 mark 2
42
(b) Formation of sodium which is reactive
with water/air / oxygen (1)
Reject 1 if discuss poisonous flammability of N2 as well as
correct problems with sodium
to produce hydrogen which is flammable / NaOH which is
corrosive (1)
Reject sodium is poisonous
Max 1 if only discuss sodium and air 2
[5]
57. (a) (i) An ion which is unchanged during the reaction owtte
An ion which does not take part in the reaction 1
Reject an ion which does not change its state
Reject use of word element instead of ion
2
(ii) SO4 1
2+ 2+
(iii) Zn + Cu Zn + Cu
IGNORE state symbols 1
++
Accept Zn + Cu Zn++ + Cu
2+ 2+
Accept Zn + Cu = Zn + Cu
43
(c) Any two
polystyrene conducts heat less well than metals/less heat lost
to surroundings (1)
Accept discussion of either polystyrene or metal
has a lower (specific) heat capacity/absorbs less heat energy (1)
Plastic inert whereas metal container might react (with CuSO 4) (1) 2
(e) (i)
70
a llo w e ith e r
60
50
T e m p e ra tu re 40
/C
30
20
10
0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240
T im e / s
correctly plotted points (1) All 7 (including 0, 22)
must be correctly plotted
points joined by suitable lines (1)
Accept curve/straight lines
[If you cannot see a line, check twice, if still not visible send to
review as out of clip] 2
44
Accept energy lost
(temperature (slowly) declines) as heat energy given out
(to the surroundings) (1) 2
Reject no temp change for first 60 s because zinc has not been
added. Slow to start
Reject temp slowly declines because reaction is complete
Reject no marks for describing shape of graph without
explanation
(iii) 66 69 C 1
Reject 65.5 and less and 69.5 and more
45
(ii) Max Temp
9870
0.05 1
197,000 = 197 kJ mol 69
9660
0.05 1
193,000 = 193 kJ mol 68
9450
0.05 1
189,000 = 189 kJ mol 67
9240
0.05 1
185,000 = 185 kJ mol 66
9030
0.50 1
180,600 = 181 kJ mol 65
This first mark is for dividing by 0.05 (1)
Value and sign (1)
units and 3 or 4sf (1) 3
st
Accept if 0.08 only 1 mark lost
[18]
79
58. (a) 35 Br : 44 neutrons (1)
81
35 Br : 35 protons (1)
81 -
35 Br : 36 electrons (1) 3
2 6 1
(b) Na 2s 2p 3s (1)
2 6 2 6 10 2 5
Br 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p (1)
2
Ignore repeat of 1s 2
Allow subscripts and ignore capital letters
2 10 5
Allow 4s 3d 4p
Allow p as pxpypz with 2 in each
46
(c) They have the same (number of protons and) electron(ic) configuration
Same (number of protons and)electronic structure
Same (number of protons and)electron arrangement
same (number of protons and)number of electrons
MUST MENTION ELECTRONS 1
Reject just Same number of protons
Reject just same number of electron shells
Reject same number of outer electrons
Reject same number of electrons in outer shell
Reject correct answer followed by reference to outer shell
scores (0)
12
59. (a) The number of atoms in 12g of C (2)
12
The number of atoms in 1 mole of C (2) 2
Accept number of atoms in 1 mole (1) of atoms / stated
monatomic substance (1)
OR Number of molecules in 1 mole (1) of molecules / stated
molecular substance (1)
OR Number of electrons in 1 mole (1) of electrons (1)
OR Number of particles in 1 mole (1) max
If answer just quotes the number it does not score it is in the
question.
Reject number of particles in 1 mole of a substance
22
(b) (i) 1.907 g of Z contains 2.87 10
47
22 23
Accept moles of Z = 2.87 10 / 6.02 10 = (0.04767) (1)
23 22
1.907 6.02 10 / 2.87 10 is 1 mol (1)
= 40.(0) (1) No units but allow 40 g/mol
IGNORE s.f. in answer
Accept atomic mass = 1.907/moles = 40.(0) (1)
Allow 39.7 for 2 marks this is rounding 0.04767 to 2 sig figs in calc
Allow 38.14 for 1 mark as this is rounding to 1 sig fig.
Correct answer with some working (2) 2
(ii) Ar / Argon
Consequential on (i) but must be nearest group 0 1
3.09
(c) (i) Amount hydrogen peroxide produced = 34 = 0.09088 (moles) (1)
Amount of potassium superoxide = 0.09088 2 (moles) (1)
34g of H2O2 requires 2 71g of KO2 (1)
2 71 3.09
3.09g requires 34 (1) or (2) if this is start line
= 12.9 g (1)
If round 0.09088 to 0.09 can score 2 for 12.78
mass of potassium superoxide = 0.09088 2 71
= 12.9g (1) / 13g
incl unit but ignore S.F. (note = 6.45 g scores 2 marks)
Correct answer with some working scores 3 marks 3
3.09 24
34 3
(ii) Volume of oxygen = = 2.18 dm (1) IGNORE s.f. &
do not penalise lack of units twice
Allow error carried forward. i.e if omit to 2 in part (i)
only penalise it in part (i) not here 1
Accept 2.2
[9]
48
60. (a) In (a)(i), (ii) and (iii) penalise 1SF on the first occasion only.
ACCEPT 2SF
(i) Mass methanol burnt = 0.34 (g) (1)
0.34
32 = 0.0106 (1) 2
Accept 0.011, 0.01063, 0.010625
CQ on incorrect calculation of mass
Correct answer with some working (2)
1 .0
(b) (i) 21.5 100 = ()4.65 %
IGNORE SF 1
49
(ii) (21.5 + 1.0 =) 22.5 (C)
OR
(44 21.5)=22.5 (C)
OR
104.65
21.5
100 = 22.5 (C)
1000
3
61. [CH3COOH] = 25.0 0.020 = 0.8(0) (mol dm )
Accept correct answer with no working.
[1]
2 2 6 2 6
62. (a) (1s ) 2s 2p 3s 3p .... (1)
8 2 2 8
.. 3d 4s / 4s 3d (1) 2
5.9
(c) 5.9 g of nickel = 59 = 0.10 (mol) (1)
50
From equation, 0.40 mol of CO required
3 3
Volume of CO = 0.40 24 = 9.6 dm / 9600 cm (1)
3 1 3
Correct units needed for 2nd mark, eg dm mol /dm (0)
nd
Allow TE for 2 mark, from wrong number of moles
3
(i.e. 4 number of moles 24 dm ) 2
Allow full marks for answer based on Ar[Ni] calculated in (b)
+ 2+
(d) (i) Ni + 2H Ni + H2
Ignore state symbols 1
+ 2+
Accept Ni + 2H3O Ni + 2H2O + H2 (1)
51
63. (a) (i) E[Ca(OH)2] = 25.0 4.2 16.5 = 1730 (J)
E[CaO] = 25.0 4.2 25.5 = 2680 (J)
Both correct for 1 mark
Ignore negative signs in front of values / missing/wrong units 1
Accept 1732.5 / 1733 / 1700 J
Accept 2677.5 / 2678 / 2700 J
Answers in kJ acceptable
Reject 1732 J
Reject 2677 J
1.00
(ii) 74.0 = 0.0135 mol
Answer must be decimalised 1
Accept 0.014
1
Reject 74 / 0.01
1732.5
1
(iii) H1 = 0.0135 = 130 (kJ mol ) ( 2 s.f.)
2677.5
1
H2 = 0.0135 = 200 (kJ mol ) ( 2 s.f.)
st
1 mark for method (dividing energy by number of moles)
nd
2 mark for both answers given to 2 sig fig and including
negative signs.
nd st
2 mark is dependant on 1 2
Allow TE from (a)(i) and (a)(ii)
(ii) Using a glass beaker / no lid is likely to lead to heat loss (1)
(glass) beaker has significant heat capacity (1)
No apparent check made to ensure that Ca(OH)2 was heated
long enough/difficult to know whether Ca(OH)2 was fully decomposed (1)
The likely use of an insufficiently accurate thermometer (1)
Any TWO valid and agreed sources of error 2
52
(iii) Measuring temperatures of solids (with a lab thermometer)
isnt accurate / is difficult (1)
Bunsen/high temperatures are involved (above bpt. of
Hg/ethanol) so lab thermometers cant be used (1)
Difficult to know when Ca(OH)2 has fully decomposed (1)
Given high temperatures involved, impossible to use
thermometer to measure energy taken in by the Ca(OH) 2 (1)
Any ONE of these 1
[9]
53
64. (a) (i) Amount of CO2 = 24000
= 0.0022 (mol)
Accept 0.002 with working
0.020
Amount of H2O= 18
= 0.0011 (mol) 3
Amount of C = 0.0022 mol = 0.0265(g)
Amount of H = 0.0022 mol = 0.0022(g)
st
Any one of above needed for 1 mark (1)
Mass of O in Z = 0.0714 (g)
OR amount of O in Z = 0.0045 (mol)
Some clear indication they have done it correctly (1)
Empirical formula CHO2 (1)
20.0 1.00
(iii) (0.01 mol Z contain 1000 =) 0.02 (mol) (1)
Accept formula alone for Z
CO2H
|
CO2H (1) 2
Accept fully/partially displayed formula
53
X CH2BrCH2Br (1)
Y CH2OHCH2OH (1)
Look out for TE and internal TE
Eg W CH3CHCH2
X CH3CHBrCH3
Y CH3CHOHCH3
is worth 1 max 3
Accept full credit for consistent answers based on other
gaseous alkenes eg CH3CHOHCH2OH etc
54
(b) The average mass (taking into account the abundance of each isotope)
of the atoms (of that element) (1)
relative to 1/12th the (mass of a)
carbon 12 atom
Or
12
relative to C = 12 (exactly) (1)
second mark stand alone 2
Accept weighted/mean in place of average
Atoms must be mentioned at least once to score (2)
Accept average mass of a mole of atoms of an element relative
th 12 12
to 1/12 mole of C / relative to one mole of C = 12 (exactly)
(2)
(d) (i)
Cu C O H
57.5 5.40 36.2 0.900
63.5 12 16 1
0.906 0.450 2.26 0.900
2.01 1 5.02 2.00
55
(ii) Empirical formula mass = 221 = Mr
Molecular formula Cu2CO5H2
Must show use of 221 1
If use atomic number in (i) allow mark for Cu2CO5H and 220
Allow any formula that adds up to the correct molecular
formula
65 37
(e) (Highest = Cu + 2 Cl) = 139 (1)
63 35
(Lowest = Cu + 2 Cl) = 133 (1)
Ignore units 2
[11]
56
(iii) Thermodynamic:
energy level of products lower than that of reactants
OR
energy released in bond formation > energy used to break bonds (1)
Accept H negative / reaction exothermic
kinetic:
high activation energy (1)
because strong NN (1)
[confusion between thermodynamic and kinetic loses first 2 marks]. 3
Accept because NN is 944/ total bond breaking energy is
1
high/2252(kJ mol )
57
(ii) QWC
Decrease temperature (1)
because (forward) reaction exothermic (1)
increase pressure (1)
because more moles (of gas) on left (1) 4
Accept low temperature H is negative
Answer based on endothermic reaction scores 0
Accept high pressure
Accept molecules for moles
[19]
0.1
3
(b) (i) 0 24 = 4.17 10 / 0.00417 1
Accept 0.00416 (recurring)
Accept 0.0042
Reject 0.004
Reject 0.00416
58
(ii) Axes labelled and suitable scale must cover more than half
the provided grid and time must be on the horizontal axis (1)
All points plotted accurately and suitable curve/straight lines (1)
From 0 to 1 minute, must be straight horizontal line.
From 1 to 2 minutes, vertical or sloping line to 25.3 or
above. From 2 to 6 minutes, straight line or smooth curve. 2
Reject temperature scale starting at 0C (1 max)
1.89
(v) H = 0.00417
1
= 453 kJ mol (2)
1 mark for number and 1 for sign and units 2
Accept TE from (b)(i) and (iv)
Second mark dependent on the first
59
1.05
(ii) H = 0.0262
1
= 40.1 kJ mol 1
Accept correct sign and units needed for mark
Allow K instead of k 40.131
Allow TE from (c)(i)
Reject 40.1
(d) Hf = H1 + H2 H3 (1)
= 453 680 + 40
1
= 1090 kJ mol (1) 2
Only penalise missing units once
Accept 1093
Accept transferred error:
H1 = (b)(v)
H2 = 680
H3 = (c)(ii)
correct answer with no working gets 2 marks
Reject incorrect application of Hesss Law (0)
68. (i) Ignore sig figs unless they round to 1 sig.fig during calculation
Incorrect /absent units in final answer penalise only once in part (i)/(ii)
7.19
7.19 g of PCl5 = 208.5 mol (1)
2 31 g of P produce 2 208.5 g of PCl5 (1)
(= 0.03448)
(1 mol of PCl5 from 1 mol of P)
Mass of P = 0.03448 31 = 1.07 g (1)
2 31 7.19
7.19 g of PCl5 from 2 208.5
= 1.07g (1)
Penalise use of Atomic Number only once
Answer with no working scores 2 2
Allow 0.034 but NOT 0.035
60
(ii) Mark consequentially on part (i)
Moles of chlorine needed = 0.03448 2.5 (1)
3
Accept 2 208.5 g of PCl5 produced from 5 24 dm of Cl2
(1)
3
Volume = 24 0.03448 2.5 = 2.07 dm (1)
Value and unit necessary
Value consequential on their calculated/stated moles of chorine 24
Answer with no working scores 2 2
5 24 7.19
7.19 g PCl5 produced from 2 208.5 = 2.07 dm (1)
3
3
Just 24 2.5 = 60 dm scores zero
[4]
61
1.25
(iii) Moles CuSO4 = 50 1000 = 0.0625 (1)
Correct answer with some working scores full marks
Accept Ecf from moles
13271.5
H = () 0.0625 1000 (1)
1
= 212 (kJ mol )
1 mark for negative sign
1 mark for answer to 3 SF
Units, if given, must be correct 4
Accept Ecf from (ii) gives 213/212/212
62
71. (i) 3S (s) + O2 (g) + 2H2 (g)
correct entities (1)
state symbols and balancing (1) 2
72. (a) A 1
(b) B 1
[2]
73. (a) C 1
(b) D 1
(c) A 1
(d) D 1
[4]
(b) B 1
63
(c) (i) (0.025 123.5) 1.1 = (1)
3.396/ 3.40 / 3.4g (g) (1)
OR
0.025 mol copper carbonate = 3.087/3.09 (g)(1)
3.087 +10% = 3.396/ 3.40/ 3.4 (g)
Full marks for correct answer with no working 2
2+
(b) (i) Mg shown as 2,8 (1) 1
(ii) F shown as 2,8 (1) 1
(c) When molten/ when dissolved in water so that ions can move/
lattice breaks down (1) 1
Reject dissolved in other solvents.
Reject reference to atoms or molecules rather than ions.
64
24 25 26
(d) (i) 77% Mg, 10% Mg, 13% Mg (1)
Average atomic mass
((77 24) (10 25 13 26))
100 = 24.36 = 24.4 g (1) 2
9 3
(e) (i) 1.20 10 mol of Mg per dm (1)
9 3
(1.20 10 24.3 10 ) =
11 12
2.92 10 / 29.2 10 (g) (1)
max 1 for more/less than 3 significant figures eg 2.916 2
(ii) Hydrogen because it has the least number of electrons per atom 1
[12]
50
23
76. (a) (6.02 10 24 )= 1
24 24 24
1.25 10 / 1.254 10 / 1.26 10
Allow TE from a 1
(c) decrease 1
65
(ii) 0.015 1
1
(iii) (4.41/ 0.015) = 294 kJ mol
Value (1)
Negative sign and units (1)
TE for answer to (i)/ answer to (ii) 2
(iv) QWC
Any two of:
Use an insulated container/(expanded) polystyrene cup
Use a lid
Use a thermometer calibrated to at least 0.5 C 2
(ii) QWC
Yes, temperature rise is smaller than it should be(1)
So enthalpy change less negative (1) 2
66
Reject answers where it is not clear that bonding has some
intermediate character, but not entirely ionic or covalent
1. (a) H C
11.1 / 1 88.9 / 12 (1)
= 11.1 = 7.4
1.5 1 (1)
Empirical formula C2H3 (1) 3
(b)
full / incomplete d sub shell (1)
1
67
2 2 6 2 6 2 5 5 2
(b) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d or 3d 4s (1) 1
(c) (i) The heat/energy/enthalpy change needed to remove one mole of electrons (1)
from (1 mole) of gaseous (chlorine) atoms (1)
+
Correct equation i.e. Cl(g) Cl (g) + e can score second mark. 2
(ii) Increasing slopes (1)
Jump after 7 (1)
Jump after 15 (1)
Ignore small jumps in the correct places. The points do not need to be joined.
3
68