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    AS 4100 1998 Steel Structures

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    898 Ansichten200 Seiten

    As 4100 1998 SteelStruct

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    AS 4100 1998 Steel Structures

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    AS 4100—19¢8 ® Australian Standard™ Steel structures ae oct Gaendanine a ‘This Ausaian Standard was prepaced by Commits BD/, Steel Sucre. Te wat {pproved on bea of the Coun of Stars Aus en 17 Api 1998 snd published on Tone (998 ‘The flloing interests ae represented on Commitee BDV Assocation of Costing Eaglners Aus ‘Auslin Coaseucion Services Auscllan Insitute of Steel Contution AUSTROADS Building Management Authority, WA. Bureau of Stel Manufacturers of Ava { t CSIRO, Division of Bung, Constction and Engineering Confederation of Auslian Instry Inston of Engines, Attala I Mea Tay certo Asa we ©). Now Zen Heavy Engneing Research Asocaon o ? Pb Works Deparment NS r Railay Aas Commitee | nie of New South aes | Urine of Qrentnd Unie 0 Syey # ‘Welding Technology Ist of Avsalia ef arn Smt, og ces rp nny. ao dg ti ‘phe uted ac os fone he eee ‘soot naman oe sah ye eg a sean a Coen IR ha fe pe no pied ieee yey oy na una Sedo see ma wt Tiny ner ce mabe cated a arate a Sooaslmvamscmen a Perper Sees ae eae oe emo [Risky pment Raped Polen al inkemuo on mea shee ace lB fn te Head Oc Sp ae ret ce mime eee pp oy cpt aa tnt ee te Sn tat ol oe eS ioe ‘Rete ten nema wong tre ropes ol emer wi ye ie MSpace el Suan cana AS 4100—1998 Australian Standard ™ » Steel structures ® umuiskeo ey spnoanos ausraAia (RIMS STORES AUSTEN PRRERESSERTASOESUST ATEN enema eal €@ PREFACE, This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Commitee BDYI, Stel Structures, to supersede AS 41001990, ‘The objective of this Standard isto provide designers of tel strates with specifiestios for sel structural members used for lad-canying purposes in uilngs and cher structures This new edition of the Standard incorporates Amendments No, 1—-1992, No, 2—1993, No.31998 and drafl Amendment No. issued for public comment as DR 9737. Draft Amendment No.4 was nt published separately agree slip, Amendment No, 11992 lds he lowing male changes (0) Seng tls copying wit AS 1163 and ASINZS 159, (abe 2.1) (0) Shearling apy fr steed we, (Clase 5.152) (©) Desig heking cpa (Clase 3.134) oo Amendnen No 2-199 cada fing jr cane: ee (a) Stear an bending inerton meio. (Case 5123) (©) Minimum ares forthe design ofntrmediate ransvere web sitfeners, (Clause 5.15.3) (©) Scetioncapaciy of members subject o combined actions, (Cause 8:3.) (©) Strength assessment ofa but weld, (Clause 9.7.2.7) (@) Fatigue. (Section 11) Amendment No, 31993 inludes the following major changes: (@)_ Compressive bearing ction on the edge ofa web. (Clause 5.13) (©) Section capacity of members subject o combined actions. (Cause 83.) (©) Inplane and out-of-plane capacity of compression members. (Causes 84.2.2 and 8.441.) (8) Sengih assessment ofa butt weld, (Clase 9.2.7) (©) athqoake (Section 13) ‘Amendment No.4 incdes the fllowing major changes: Strengths of steels complying with ASINZS 3678, AS/NZS 3679.1 and ASINZS 3679.2. (asie21), (©) Mummum edge distance of fasteners. (Clause 9.62) | (©) Permissible service temperatures secordng to ste ype and thickness (Table 104.1.) (6) Steeltype relationship to sel grade, (Table 10.8.4.) (©) Welding of concentrically braced frames for structures of earthquake Design Category D and E (Clause 133.42) ‘The tems ‘nomative" and ‘informatve" have heen wd inthis Standard to define the application of "he appendix o which they apply. A “normative” appendix i an intl pat of Standard wheres 80 “infomative’ appendix is only for information and guidance, c@ Cc» CD (® CONTENTS: Poge SECTION | SCOPE AND GENERAL LL SCOPE AND APPLICATION * 12 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ' 13 DEFINITIONS ' 14 NOTATION see 1.5. USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS OR METHODS 2 16 DESIGN 21 17 CONSTRUCTION... n SECTION2 MATERIALS 2.1 YIELD STRESS AND TENSILE STRENGTII USED IN DESIGN a 22 STRUCTURAL STEFL, 2 23. FASTENERS . 2 24 STEEL CASTINGS a SECTIONS GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Bi DESIGN 2 32 LOADS AND OTHER ACTIONS 3 33. STABILITY LIMITSTATE .... - » 34 STRENGTH LIMIT STATE 35. SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE 3 36 STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES BY LOAD TESTING... a 3 BRITTLE FRACTURE «00.00.00. . 3 38 FATIGUE 3 39° FIRE : vvceeennneneeee ee 3:10 EARTHQUAKE = 3.11 OTHER DESIGN REQUIREMENTS = 3 SECTION 4 METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 4a 42 43 44 45 46 a ‘METHODS OF DETERMINING ACTION EFFECTS [FORMS OF CONSTRUCTION ASSUMED FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS : 3 [ASSUMPTIONS FOR ANALYSIS M BLASTIC ANALYSIS. Py PLASTIC ANALYSIS... % MEMBER BUCKLING ANALYSIS 4 FRAME BUCKLING ANALYSIS = :a SECTIONS MEMBERS SUBJECT TO BENDING sa s2 33 34 55 36 st ss 39 510 sn 512 513 sad 34s 516 DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT SECTION MOMENT CAPACITY FOR BENDING ABOUT A PRINCIPAL AXIS MEMBER CAPACITY OF SEGMENTS WITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT RESTRAINTS CRITICAL FLANGE [MEMBER CAPACITY OF SEGMENTS WITHOUT FULL LATERAL, RESTRAINT BENDING IN A NON-PRINCIPAL PLANE SEPARATORS AND DIAPHRAGMS DESIGN OF WEBS ARRANGEMENT OF WEBS SHEAR CAPACITY OF ERS INTERACTION OF SHEAR AND BENDING COMPRESSIVE BEARING ACTION ON THE EDGE OF A WEB. DESIGN OF LOAD BEARING STIFFENERS. DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE TRANSVERSE WEB STIFFENERS DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL WEB STIFFENERS SECTION 6 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO AXIAL COMPRESSION 64 62 63 6a 65 66 DESIGN FOR AXIAL COMPRESSION NOMINAL SECTION CAPACITY [NOMINAL MEMBER CAPACITY LACED AND BATTENED COMPRESSION MEMBERS COMPRESSION MEMBERS BACK TO BACK RESTRAINTS SECTION? MEMBERS SUBJECT TO AXIAL TENSION 1 2 13 14 1s DESIGN FOR AXIAL TENSION NOMINAL SECTION CAPACITY DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES TENSION MEMBERS WITH TWO OR MORE MAIN COMPONENTS, MEMBERS WITH PIN CONNECTIONS SECTION 8 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED ACTIONS &L 82 83 8s GENERAL DBSIGN ACTIONS SECTION CAPACITY MEMBER CAPACITY 45 4s » Ss 3 39 B eesaze Py 4 a - 8s ‘@ SECTION9 CONNECTIONS 94 92 93 94 9s 96 97 98 99 SECTION 10. BRITTL 01 02 m3 oa ms GENERAL DEFINITIONS DESIGN OF BOLTS [ASSESSMENT OF THE STRENGTH OF A BOLT GROUP. DESIGN OF A PIN CONNECTION DESIGN DETAILS FOR BOLTS AND PINS DESIGN OF WELDS [ASSESSMENT OF THE STRENGTH OF A WELD GROUP PACKING IN CONSTRUCTION FRACTURE METHODS NOTCH-DUCTILE RANGE METHOD DESIGN SERVICE TEMPERATURE ‘MATERIAL SELECTION [FRACTURE ASSESSMENT SECTION Il FATIGUE Ma na us na us 6 nz us ng GENERAL, FATIGUE LOADING DESIGN SPECTRUM EXEMPTION FROM ASSESSMENT DETAIL CATEGORY FATIGUE STRENGTH EXEMPTION FROM FURTHER ASSESSMENT FATIGUE ASSESSMENT PUNCHING LIMITATION SECTION 12 FIRE a 2 123 ns ns 126 ny ns REQUIREMENTS DEFINITIONS DETERMINATION OF PERIOD OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY VARIATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL WITH ‘TEMPERATURE... DETERMINATION OF LIMITING STEEL TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH LIMITING TEMPERATURE IS ATTAINED FOR PROTECTED MEMBERS DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH LIMITING TEMPERATURE IS ATTAINED FOR UNPROTECTED MEMBERS DETERMINATION OF PSA FROM A SINGLE TEST Page 95 98 102 1m 13 104 13 M4 us us 13 us 18 19 m1 m1 12 13. 1 16 16 16, 7 a ro Bs Bs 19 1 ey Page 129 THREE-SIDED FIRE EXPOSURE CONDITION 1a 12.10 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 1 SECTION 13 EARTHQUAKE 1 GENERAL . us 132 DEFINITIONS «0... us 133. DESIGN AND DETAILING REQUIREMENTS «0.0... us 134. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR NON.BUILDING STRUCTURES wr SECTION 14 FABRICATION 141 GENERAL 142 MATERIAL M3. FABRICATION PROCEDURES 144 TOLERANCES SECTION 1S ERECTION 1S... GENERAL 136 152. ERECTION PROCEDURES . 156 183 TOLERANCES. oe 139 154 INSPECTION OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS 163 185. GROUTING AT SUPPORTS . 163 SECTION 16 MODIFICATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES, 161 GENERAL sees IGE 162. MATERIALS . ee ie 163 CLEANING . ’ cove 1H 1644 SPECIAL PROVISIONS ........ . 168 @ | SECTION 7 TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR ELEMENTS wn ces = vs fia eRAMONS = es 173 Test REQUIREMENTS : ws M4 ROOP TESTING. ws MS PROTOTYPE TESTING... Cw Pn6 REWORTORTESTS oo CEs arexrces {A REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ..ujcses neat a SUGGESTED DEFLECTION LIMITS... 169 ‘CORROSION PROTECTION ceo 170 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS a ‘SECOND ORDER ELASTIC ANALYSIS Sin ‘MOMENT AMPLIFICATION FOR A SWAY MEMBER... cere TA amooe ® : —- Page G__ BRACED MEMBER BUCKLING IN FRAMES H__ ELASTIC RESISTANCE TO LATERAL BUCKLING 1 STRENGTH OF STIFFENED WEB PANELS UNDER COMBINED ACTIONS : mm J. STANDARD TEST FOR EVALUATION OF SLIP FACTOR cosas TBA K_ INSPECTION OF BOLT TENSION USING A TORQUE WRENCH 188 INDEX ns eI 19 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA ‘Australian Standard Steel structures SECTION 1 SCOPEAND GENERAL LL SCOPE AND APPLICATION | 4.1.1 Scope This Standard sets out minimum requirements fo the design fabrication, erection, sd modification of stcel work in stucteres in accordance with the int states design method ‘This Standard plies ro buildings, tractus and ranes constructed of te, @ y ‘This Standard is intended wo apply also to roadway, railway, and pedestrian bridges. However, he requirements given in his Standard may not always be sufficient for bridge applications Th these sSteumstances, the specifications ofthe relevant Authority shall be used, ‘This Standard does not apply to the following structures and materials: 1 Sa Te ert cc at ie 1.12 Application This Standard wll be referenced inthe Bulding Code of Australi by way of| [BCA Amendment No.3 o be published by | July 1998, thereby superseding the previous eition, ‘AS 4100—1900, which wil be withrawn 12 moms from the date of publication of this edition 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The documents refered to inthis Standard ar stein Appendix A. 13 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard the definitions below apply. Definitions peculiar toa particular Cause or Section are also given in that Clause or Section ‘Action—the cause of sesso deformations in a uct “Action effect or load effect—the itera force or bending moment det tons or loads Athority—a body having tarutory powers to contol the design and erection of struct ‘Bearing-type connection—connecton effected sing iter sng tight ols, or high-strength bots Vightened to induce a specified minimum bol tension, i which the design ston is transfered by shear inthe bolts and bearing onthe connected parte a the stengt iit state Bearing-wall system-—see AS 11704, Brace frame—see AS 1170, Braced member—one for which the tansverse displacement of on end ofthe member relative othe ‘other is effectively prevented Building frame stem—see AS 1170. Capacity factor—a factor use 10 mally the nominal capacity to obtain the desi capaci, Compete peneration butt weld—a but weld in which fusion exists betwen she weld and parent metal throughout the complete depth ofthe jin. Concentric braced frame—see AS 1170 Consiant sess range faigue limit—ghest constant sues range fo each dtl category a which fatigue cracks are not expected to propagate (see Figure II.) Cuff tnit—for exch det category, the highest variable stress range which doesnot reuire ‘consideration when canying ou camlative damage caleulstion (see Figures 11.6.1 and 11.62), Design ation effec or design load efect—the action ola effect computed fom the design acons ‘or design lous. Design ation or design load the combination of the nominal actions o lauds and the load factor, 1 specified in AS 1170.1, AS 11702, AS 1170.3 or AS 1170.4, Desig capacty—the product ofthe nominal apacity andthe capacity factor, Design ife—period over which a stuctueor structural element is required o perform its function without repair Design vesiszance efecr—the ressance effect computed fom the loads and design capact ‘contig toward the stably Timi stat esistance, Desig spectrat—som ofthe stress spect rom al ofthe nominal oading events expected during the design ie Detail category designation given oa paticlar etl once which of the SN curvesist> be sed in the fatigue assessment iscominuity—an absence of mats Drifsee AS 1170 Dual system—see AS 11704, Ductliy—see AS 117044 arthquae design eategory—see AS 11704, artquake resisting sstem—see AS 1704, Eccentric braced frame—see AS 1704, Exposed surface area 1 mass raio—the ratio of the surface area expose tothe ie othe mass of| ‘sl ‘Forgue—damage cased by repeated hstustos of res leading to gral racking of strata element Fatigue foading—set of nominal loading events deseribed by the dsributon of the loads. their ‘magnitudes and the numbers of applications of cach nominal loaing event, -arigue soength—the sess range defied in Clause 11.6 fr each detail category (se Figures 1.6.1 and 1.62) varying wih the numberof sues ecls, Fire exposure condition — (8) tree-sided fire exposure condtionsteel member incorporated in or in contact wih & concrete or masenry Noor or wal, (©) foursided fre exposwe conditions sel member exposed to fire on al sides. Fire protection sstem—the fire protection material and its method of attchmeat to the sel member. Fiperesiiance level (FRL}~te fire-esistance grading period for structural adequacy only, ia ‘minutes, whic required tobe atned inthe standard ie tes Friction ype comecionconnection effected using high-strength bolts tightened to induce & specified minimum bot tension such thatthe resultant clamping ation trates the desin shear forees atthe serviceability limit tate acting in the plan ofthe common contact surfaces bythe fiction developed between the contact surfaces, Fail ensioning-a mao of nstaling td tensioning a bolt in accordance with Clauses 15.2.4 and 1525. Geometrical stenderessrario—he geomesical senderess ratio I), taken a th elective length Uo, specified in Clause 6:32, divide by the radu of gyration (7) computed fr the gross section about he relevant axis Incomplete penetration but weld but wed in which the depth of penetration is less than the complete depth ofthe joint. ‘plan tading—loading fr which the design force and being moments ae in he plane ofthe ‘connection, so hat the design action effects induced inthe connection components ae shea ores only. Imermediate moment resisting fame see AS 11708. “Length (ofa compression member)—tne eta eth (0) ofan axially loaded compression member, taken asthe length centre-to-cetre of intersections with supporting members, othe canvered length inthe ease of a re-staning member. “init state—any iting condition beyond which he stuctare ceases ofits intended function Load—an exernlly applied force, Miner’ summarion—curulative damage clelation based onthe Palmgren-Minr sunmtion oF equivalent Moment resisting frame system—see AS 1170 ‘Namina aeton or foad—an action or load, a specified in Clause 32.1 or 3.2.2. ‘Nominal capacizy—ihe capacity of a member or connection computed using the parameters specified inthis Standard Nominal lading event—the long sequence fo the structure or structural element, Non-ip fasteners—fasteners which donot allow sip to occur between connected plats or members atthe serviceabily limit stat 0 that the orginal alignment and relative positions are maintine, Ondinary moment resisting frame—see AS 170A, (Out plane loadng-toading for which the design forces or bending moments result in design ‘etn fects nama othe plane ofthe connection Period of structural adequacy (PSA) (fire) time (in inate, forthe member orate Limit state of structural adequacy inte standard fete. Pinan undeaded fastener manufactured out of round bas Plastic hinge—a yeding zone with signiieant inelastic rotation which forms ina member whe the plastic moments reached. Prequalified weld preparations join preparation prequalified in terms of AS/NZS 1854. Proof resting—the application of et loads to a structure, sb-srature, member or connection to cera the suuctral characterises of only that one unt under test Prototype (fire)—a est specimen represeting ste member and it fire proection system which is subjected tothe standard fire tes Prosoype resting—the application of est load o one or more srctures,sub-stroctures, members ot ‘connections to ascertain the strcturl characteristics ofthat class of structures sub-srutues, ‘members or connections which are nominally identical Yo the nie tested, ———e rain orce—adsiiona tensile force developed a rest ofthe fetng ofa convetion component in a connection subjected ro rene force. Extemal tension force reduces the contact presse between the component andthe bse, and bending in pat ofthe component develops a yin free nea the edge ofthe connection component Segment (na member subjected obending)~Ibe length beeen adjacent cross-sections whichare Fully opr restsined or he length between an unrestined end andthe ajacent cross secton whic s flyer paiallyresrane, Servceabitiry limi stare—a limit sate of acceptable in-service condition, ‘Shear wall—a wall designed to resist lateral eres parallel to the plane ofthe wal, 5:9 curve—curve defining the iting relationship between the amber of stress cycles and tess range fra detail category. ‘Sg ight—tetghines of abot acieved by afew impacts fan impact wrench or by the ll eet ofa person using a standard poser spanner Sys fone 8 704 DS essing mea A 1704 Stabilny tit state—a limit sae comesponding othe loss of static equilibrium of a stuctre considered rigid body. ‘Standard fire rest—the fie-esitance test specified in AS 1530.4. | Sckabit—the ably ofthe fie protection sytem remain in plas asthe member deflects unler oad daring fire tes. | Strength tint stare—a iit sate of collapse or loss of starlings. Siress cycle one eycl of tess defined by stress cycle counting Siress cele counting method —any rational method sed to ety individual tress cls from the sires story. ‘Siessrange—algebrac difference beween two extemes of ste, Sires pectrun-—histogram ofthe sess eels produced bya nominal lading event Structural adequacy fire)—the sity ofthe member exposed tothe saad fir test teary he est oad specified n AS 15304, | a Sway member—ove for which be wansverse displacement of one end ofthe member eative ose | | ceri not effestively prevented Tensile strengeh—the minimum ultimate strength ia tension specified for the grade of seein he appropriate Australian Standard. eld siress—the minimum ye stress in tension speed for the grade of tee inthe appropriate ‘Austin Standard. 14 NOTATION Symbols use in this Standard ae listed below. ‘Where non-dimensional ratios ae invelved, both the mmertor and denominator are expesse in ‘detcal units. ‘The dimensional wits for length and sess in all expressions or equations are to be taken as millimetres (num) an megapascals (MPa respectively, unless specially noted wtherwise- ‘A superscripted “placed after symbol denotes a design ation effec to the design lad for the strength Limi state A = area of erosesection a = minor diameter area of abot, as defined in AS 1275 A etve area ofa eos seton: or 1 ea enclosed by allow section corvacit Aw Me Ain aay a5 Po Pas Bn Bo fa m be o re a be baba 3.4. o = ea ofan end pate Nang area at vial evoss- section 4098 are of ange ‘ange are a minimum croee-scton; or lesser ofthe ange effective srs = net area ofa flange = gross area ofa crost-secton et area of a cross-section or = sum ofthe net areas ofthe flanges and the gross area ofthe web = plain shank atea of a bole «cross-sectional area ofa pin tensile ses area ofa bolt as defined in AS 1275; or ea of asifener or stiffeners in contact with flange; or sed of an intermediate web tifener sro sectional ares of web oF = effective shear area ofa pug or sot weld ‘minimum distance from the edge ofa hole othe edge ofa ply measerein he staggered pitch of bots steel temperature in degrees Celsius = limiting steel emperature in degrees Celsius thickness or thickness of hiner pat joined wall thikness ofa circular hollow section or Ahickness ofan ange section or thickness ofa fangs or thickness ofthe erie flange thickness of ply: or 1 thickness of thinner ply connected or = thickness ofa plate thickness of stiffener design dat thickness ofa weld thickness of awed size ofa filet weld nominal bearing capacity of ply oF pin; or nominal shear buckling espacity ofa web nominal shear capacity of a olt or pin—strength limit state = nominal shear capacity ofa bol—serviceabily limit tte = measured slip-oad atthe ith bot comme ~e- A ve ve VE ‘= nominal shea apacity of a web with a wniform shear stress dstbuion nominal shear capacity of a web = nominal wel shear capacity in the presenoe of bending moment nominal shear ysl capacity of a wel or nominal shear capacity ofa plug or le weld design shear force or esign horizontal sre shear ore at lower column ends or design transverse shea force » ls oo oorplate 450.15 < o Ie, | cen | ao 0 oe | meee | mo ae ten | wo = TABLE 21 (continued) Tike sietsuntrs | Form | stpmte | “amt” nares | see neh _ ersm0 380, | 80, eo ren wo |” sezn | wo 0 pm, | crew | a 0 eee 0 25015, fs “o EA sen | x0 | [a0 | pe | ere | a “0 aus | wasuo | no 0 so acrzm | 20 a0 0 ven [a = ‘coi ccoPrescir TABLE 21. (contimed) Sel Standard Viet sree Tee stent SINE 31 90 sous 000 soos ere sons x0 ind gece 10 0 ‘eoninedh TABLE 24 (continued) Sto Sta Form | Siestgrade | materi Tease eng ot soereim ous poy ream tous a sao ocr 100 0 sem “0 0.0 socrewo 2sitis 10 20 Woled racine capling wih ASRS 5672 we mucin fom baad peal el er Emig wih ASI SOR. owes: 1 Fer ign pps, da ee sents aprocinate thse of src Grae HAZOD. For sic Ines moe he nee 2 Cle 1.1 snot pei bey ss) sen desen excel 40 a corvaci SECTION 3 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 3M DESIGN JAL Alm The aim of strucural design isto provide a structure which is stable, has adequate Serength, serviceable and durable nd which satisfies the bjectves such as economy and ease of ‘A suture is table if it doesnot overt, ik or slide shroushout its intended life A sructre has adequate strength andi sevceble if the probabilities of ruta file and of ss of serviceability thoughout intended Iie are accepably low. ‘A srr is doable iit withstands te expected Wear and deterioration vhroughowt its intended fe ‘wither the need fr undue maintenance. 3412 Requirements. The souctre and its component members and connections sll sity the ‘espn requirement for stability. stent, serviceabil, bile Fracture, fate, ir and eartuake In accordance with the procedures piven inthis Standard, as appropri 32 LOADS AND OTHER ACTIONS 321. Loads “The design of srctre forthe stably strength and serviceability limit tts call account for the action effects diety arising from the following toads (@) Dead, lve, wind, snow and eanbguake loads specified in AS 1170.1, AS 11702, AS 11703 and AS 11704, (©) For the design of cranes, any relevant lads specified in AS 1418, (©) For the design of fixed platforms, walkways, sthrways and ladders, any relevant loa specified in AS 1657 (©) Forte design ofits, any relevant loads specified in AS-1735, ©) Oder speife loads, a8 require, NoTES: 1 Porth design of brides, loads specified in SAA HBTT.2 or SAA HB. 2 pliable, shouldbe ‘sed 2 Formltstoy bung erst, ato Case 3.24 322 Other actions Any action which may significantly affect the stabil, strength or ‘ervicabley ofthe tract, including the fllwig sll be ake a ws (@) Foundation movements, (©) Temperature changes and graens, (@) Axial shorening. (@ Dynamic effes. (2) Consrtion loading. 32.3 Design load combinations The design load combination for the stability, strength and Services limit tats shall be those specified in AS 117.1 [NOTE: For the dsipn of tides, lad combitins specified in SAA HR77.2 or SAA HBT? 8 applicable shoul bused. ‘324 Notional horlontal forces For multi-storey building structures only, notional horizons Forces, each equal 10 0.002 times the total design venical load applied st floor level, hall 6 ppied at that Noor lve. These otonl horizontal forces shall be considered to atin conjunction with ony the design dead and live loads fom AS 11701 forthe stength and serviceability lini tae, These notional horizontal forces hall ot be included forte stability imi state 33 STABILITY LIMIT STATE. The seven aa whole (and any pir of) shal be designed to Prevent intbility due to overtring, uplift or sing as follows (@} The loads detemined in accordance with Clause 3.2 shal be subvided ino the components tending to cause instability and the component tending to ress instability. (©) The design action effets") sal be clelated from the component ofthe loads tending 0 ‘cause instability, combined in accordance with the load combinations for the strength lint State specified in AS11704 (©) The design resistance effect shal be calculated as 8 tines the par ofthe dead load tending to resist the instability plus che design capacity (QR) of any elements coarbutng awards ‘sisting the instability, where is capacity factor which shall not exceed the approprite value given in Table 3.4 (@) ‘The whole or par ofthe structure shal be proportioned so thatthe design resistance effets ot les than the design action eect. 34 STRENGTH LIMIT STATE. The sructure and its component members and connections Shall be designe for he strength limit state s fellows (@) Theloads and actions shal be determined in acondance with Causes 3.2.1 and 3.2.2, andthe ‘sreath mit state design loads shal be determined in accordance with Clauses 3:23 and 324, (©) The design action effects (S") resting from the strength limit state design loads shall be determined by an analysis in acordance with Section 4 (©) The design capacity () shal be deterined from the nominal capacity (R,) determined fiom Sections § 10 9, a8 appropriate, where the capacity factor (9) shall not exceed the sppropriate valve given in Table 3 (@) Allmemters and connections al be roprtined so that the design capacity (DR) is ot ess than the design action effect 5"), Le Ss hy TABLE 34 CAPACITY FACTORS (6) FOR STRENGTH LIMIT STATES, Desig captor Conse Copa ar) fa el epee ss28ss a0 regnent vito fl el pe 51856 a sie Jsu.sasesis 090 ‘Mente jet al conpesion Senter acy 1863 ry Member eet oa son nae72 090, Meer eject combined sons emer iaty a 050 onic) ‘coPraan TABLE 34 (continued) a Capac to) rita shear oaaa a tate combine sera in 323 ow —yintece aaa 0% Soho ea a0 | sroneasa [cP cusse comple pects a wel po27 020 ow logit fi dn RS

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