Sep 14 , 2017

Power Factor and Power Factor Correction

Jameel Ahmad
Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
University of Management and technology

Renewable Electrical Energy Resources EE407

Contents

1. RMS valueofasinusoidal
2. Powerfactor
3. Powertriangle
4. Powerfactorcorrectionforsinglephase
5. Powerfactorcorrectionforthreephase
Power factor contd...

Averagepowerdissipatedinthebox

Powerfactor

Goodpowerfactor

Example2.5
Autilitysupplies12,000V(12kV)toacustomerwhoneeds600kWofreal
power.Comparethelinelossesfortheutilitywhenthecustomersloadhasa
powerfactorof0.5versusapowerfactorof1.0.
Power triangle and power factor correction

ShowingapparentpowerS(voltamps)resolvedintoreactive
Powerfactorcorrectionforinductiveload
power(VAR)andrealpowerP(watts)
Example 2.6

A230Vinductionmotordraws25Aofcurrentwhiledelivering
3700Wofpowertoitsshaft.Drawitspowertriangle.
Solution:
Example 2.7

Afactorywithanearlyfullyloadedtransformerdelivers600kVAatapowerfactorof
0.75.Anticipatedgrowthinpowerdemandinthenearfutureis20%.HowmanykVAR
ofcapacitanceshouldbeaddedtoaccommodatethisgrowthsotheydonthaveto
purchasealargertransformer?

Tostillsupplyonly600kVA,thepowerfactorwillhavetobeimprovedtoatleast
Example 2.7

Thereactivepowerwillneedtobereducedto

Reactivepower
increasesline
losses

Beforecorrection With215kVAR capacitor

VARs to farads

Relationshipbetweencurrentthroughacapacitorandvoltageacrossit

powerthroughacapacitorisallreactive

MediumVoltage
conversionfromVARstofaradsforacapacitor CapacitorBanks

Example2.8
Whatsizecapacitorwouldbeneededtocorrectthepowerfactorofthe230V,
60Hz,5hp motorinExample2.6?
Power in a Three-Phase Circuit
Theapparentpoweris
Vphase istherms voltageineachphase
Singlephase:instantaneouspowervaries
sinusoidally leadingtoroughermotor
operation
Threephase:constantpowergivessmoother
performanceofmotorsandgenerators

Iline istherms currentineachphase

thereactivepoweris

Therealpowerinathreephasecircuitis

Thesumofthethreephasesofpowerinbalanceddelta
andwyeloadsisaconstant,notafunctionoftime
Example 2.10

Supposethatashopisservedwithathreephase,208Vtransformer.Therealpower
demandof80kWismostlysinglephasemotors,whichcausethepowerfactortobea
ratherpoor0.5.Findthetotalapparentpower,theindividuallinecurrents,andreal
powerbeforeandafterthepowerfactoriscorrectedto0.9.IfpowerlossesbeforePF
correctionis5%(4kW),whatwilltheybeafterpowerfactorimprovement?
Solution:
theapparentpowerbeforePFcorrection

WyeandDeltaConnected
thetotalapparentpoweris
Example 2.10

thecurrentflowingineachlegofthethreephasesystem

Aftercorrectingthepowerfactorto0.9theresultingapparentpoweris

Thecurrentineachlineis

thelossesafterpowerfactorcorrectionwillbereducedto

adecreaseofalmost70%
EXAMPLE: POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

i ( pf < 1 ) i ( pf = 1 )

fully loaded transformer

with extra load: lagging
transformer pf
capacity
load: lagging pf correction
pf capacitor
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