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A constant head permeability test was carried out on a cylindrical sample of sand 4 in. in diameter
and 6 in. in height. 10 in3 of water was collected in 1.75 min, under a head of 12 in. Compute the
hydraulic conductivity in ft/year and the velocity of flow in ft/sec.
Solution
The formula for determinin
K=
7 1O
i = = = 2, t = 105 sec.
L6
12.56x2x105
Example 4.2
A sand sample of 35 cm2 cross sectional area and 20 cm long was tested in a constant head
permeameter. Under a head of 60 cm, the discharge was 120 ml in 6 min. The dry weight of sand
used for the test was 1 120 g, and Gs = 2.68. Determine (a) the hydraulic conductivity in cm/sec, (b)
Solution
hAt
where Q = 120 ml, t = 6 min, A = 35 cm2, L = 20 cm, and h = 60 cm. Substituting, we have
60x35x6x60
Seepage velocity vs
W 1120
YGG
Substituting, e = -- 1 = 0.675
1.6
0.675
l + e 1 + 0.675= 0.403
v 952xlO~3
Example 4.3
Calculate the value of A: of a sample of 2.36 in. height and 7.75 in2 cross-sectional area, if a quantity
of water of 26.33 in3 flows down in 10 min under an effective constant head of 15.75 in. On oven
drying, the test specimen weighed 1.1 Ib. Assuming Gs = 2.65, calculate the seepage velocity of
water during the test.
Solution
From Eq. (4.9), k = ^- = - 2633x236 - = 0.8x 10~3 in./sec
hAt 15.75x7.75x10x60
Discharge velocity, v = ki = k = 0.8xlO~3 x : = 5.34xlO~3 in./sec
L 2.36
W11
Y = s- = - : - = 0.0601 lb/in3 = 103.9 lb/ft3
d V 7.75x2.36
YG
FromEq. (3.18a), e = ^-^\
Yd
62.4x2.65
or e - - -- 1 = 0.59 1 5
103.9
-5915 =0.372
l + e 1 + 0.5915
v 5.34 xlO~3
Seepage velocity, v = = - = 14.35 x 10~3 in./sec 6 s n 0.372
Example 4.4
The hydraulic conductivity of a soil sample was determined in a soil mechanics laboratory by
making use of a falling head permeameter. The data used and the test results obtained were as
follows: diameter of sample = 2.36 in, height of sample = 5.91 in, diameter of stand pipe = 0.79 in,
initial head hQ = 17.72 in. final head hl = 11.81 in. Time elapsed = 1 min 45 sec. Determine the
hydraulic conductivity in ft/day.
Solution
The formula for determining k is [Eq. (4.13)]
,.,,.
k = - log,0 - where t is the elapsed time.
A 3.14x0.79x0.79 0 . 1A 4 , Area of stand pipe, a = - = 34 2x 10 4 ft^
4x12x12
Area of sample, A = 3-14x2-36x236
= 304 x 10~4 ft2
4x12x12
Height of sample, L = (17-72~1L81) = 0 4925 ft
1 7 72 1181
Head, /zn = -^ = 1.477 ft, h, = = 0.984 ft 0 12 ] 12