mss2017 Types of Earthing System - Part One ~ Electrical Knowhow Home | PDF Courses | Electrical Courses | Download Library | Sizing MEP Equipment | inspection Courses | Quiz and Answer ELECTRICAL KNOWHOW Follow ‘Types of Earthing System — Part One Electrical Design Philosophy In article Intrauction to Grounding System Design - Part One“, explained te allowing pints: + biferences between Grounding and Earthing Terms, + Diferences between Grounded and Grounding systens, + Differences between Bonding ané Growing, + Grounding and bonding systems detitions ‘Aso, n tcl” Introduction to Grounding System Design = Part Two sted the Factors that ust be Considered in the construction of the earthing system, which were Er 1. Function, 10 ‘4 Construction material Elects Design Catena te ‘od, | explained the Functions of the Eathing System la ths Article, lectieal Werks Mathod Sttemants bee ‘Today | wil explain the different Types of Earthing Systems a5 follows, oe Manacuers Lets or Etc Prose a let Drawing Deas “Types of Earthing System (on LY Systems and Within Premises peal Laas Estimation Cours Sea 8 Estmaton Cou x |An nteducton io Heating, Vln 5 nd Ar Condtoing (HVAC) Systems Different Types Of Earthing Systems ° the Earting systems can be divided according to the follwing factors ‘a Ineucton to Ughing Dosim neers ‘a * ‘ ‘A roaucton to Etcteal Motor 1. Function, Elo ‘Basee 2 System size, 43. Neutral point connection to arth, 4, Neutral point connection to earth + the connection method ofthe electrical eter installations exposed conductive pars. i Fler lectin Books & Design Gules Unit code of Prt ar ve ade of Praca fr Enemy Eticency ‘of lctcalinesatons| ide fr eatin detign engines — vet hp immu electrical knowhow com!2013/05types-o-earthing-system-part-one him! atomss2017 Nairtrance Maragors Gul to Power Guy Power Quay & Useaton Guide Engine Appliaton ana rtalistion ‘Gode ais Costa Canes Aopleston Lv Deeg & Tec! 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Electronic fncuding computer grounding, 6. Maintenance safety grounding. Allof these sytem are installed smiay. However, their purpares are quite ‘diferent. Some of the systems carry ite of no current. Others cary smal to moderate currents at 50 or 60 Ha, Stl others must beable to cary currents over & ‘ery broad range of frequencies in order tobe considered effective, the following Paragraphs, | wil izcuteench type in detail, 1: Static Grounding ~—4 = _ “otek ET -Astatc grounding f 3 connection made between apiece of equipment anc the earth for the purpose of raining of static electricity charges before a spark-over tentials reaches ‘The Satie growncing applied for more than just the comfort ofthe equipment operator “The possibility ofan explosion ignited by an electrical spark must be considered Dry materials handling equipment, flawnablelicuies pumps and delvery equipment, Plastic piping systems, and explasve storage areas al eed state grounding protection ‘ystems inaalled and functoning propery. Static rounding systems are genealy not called ypon to conduct much current at any sven frequency Smaller gauge, bare conductors, or brushes with metallic or conductive bristles make ‘up mast parts ofthe static grounding system, hp iwmw electrical knowhow com/2013/05types-of-earthing-system-part-one him! se ‘satee sien C « ta we wa ‘cone cone 210mss12017 alex SowarePan Seven Io.spee Sotmare DIALux Lining Sofware Progam: ‘ue version Svan Sutera DIAL Inéoriging Cleultions ‘ens Options White Tecra Specations fr “Ughing Prtacion Stans Detemine the Number OF Dawn Condi oPS form Need for Ughining Prtecton aelatons by) Oaeren Matos Pectoral 6) ‘Ste Eming Candctars Ung NEC ‘les ‘Sie Eanhing Conductors Ung BS Ton Sela the Best Eating Syst ‘Gakuis Vag Drop as por US. ans Exropsan Mths Usa NEC An 8 Tablas in Conductor ‘vp Caeltons| Perr Conductor Aroatity Coleone Using NEC ure Engineering Supervision Wathoe Pom Conductor Aroacty Ccakeutons Usng NEC Socton rats tes Cale te ota Damand lecrical Loaf" Ner-Oweling Sulngs ‘Cab Elect! Demand Los or weing Suing a et NEC ‘Optoral Nees (Catal Elects! Demand Los or wing Stings nx por NEC ‘Stands Method Coteus generale ecptacts bas Tnsdwetngurt Nurber Of ighing rues On A ‘Generating Branch Gre Cate Track Ugg Load Types of Earting System - Part One ~ Electrical Knowhow 2+ Equipment grounding “Safety grouding” + Ae equlpment grounding pertains to the interconnection and connection to earth af all normally non-curent carrying metal parts. This s done so the metal parts with which a Person might come into contact are always a or near zero vols with respect to ground thereby protecting personnel from electric shock hazards + Equipment grounding consists of grounding al non-current carrying metal frames, supports, and enclosures of equipment. al these metallic parts must be interconnected and grounded bya conductor in sucha way as to ensure a path of lowest impedance for the flow of ground faut current from any tine to ground fault pont tothe terminal at the system's source. + Ao equipment grouncing conductor normaly caries no current uniess there isan Insulation faire. In this case the fault current wil flaw back to the system source through the equipment grounding conductors to protect personnel trom electrical shock +The equipment grouncng conductor must never be connected to any other hot tines. Equipment grounding systems must be capable of carrying the maximum ground foul, current expected without overheating o psing an explosion hazare. + Equipment grounding maybe called upon to conduct hundreds to thousands of amperes at the line frequency during abnormal coneitions + The Eevipment grouncing system must be sized and designed to keep the equipment surface voltages, developed during such abnormal conditions, very tow + Ao example ofthis system is the bare copper wite (green conductor) connectes tothe frames of electric motors, breaker pals, outlet boxes, etc. Electrical supporting souctures such as metal cndutt, metal cable trays, or metal enclosures should be electrically continuous and bonded to the protective grounding scheme. Continuous sounding conductors such asa metallc raceway ar condult oF designated ground wes Should always be installed from the ground gris system to dowrtream cstrbution ‘switchboard to ensure adequate grounding throughout the electrical distribution system. Pat ef the equipment ground is also formed by the switchgear grouné bus. 3: System grounding "Functional earthing” hp immw electricalknowhow com!2013/05types-of-earthing-system-part-one him! He Stine cate bern ets «2 ele Eee Ele anomss2017 (Cenra Lighting Branch Crows For "ay Bulg Celeste GonaratLigntng Branch “Creu! Load For Ay Bulg Cale Sign Ard Outing Barc ‘Created Cale Show Window Lghng Lone “Caeats The Mein nonbar of receptacle anon ceuta bank ot ‘ee buloge Cates he Maximum alowsbie ‘roe recep ons branch outina dling ant stata Pinan Lay seg Estat Prlininay Loa By Using "The Bulking as Maho Estima Prlninay Load By Using ‘Space-By-Spac Motos Funcionel “oa shod) Den ton iting By Ung Design OxtoorUihtng By Using The ‘Beamon Method As Pa ES P*Gaanrmen Mod AsPar Design Ooo iging By Using Design Ire Lita By Using By ‘Using Quck Estate Carts Desig tre ting By Us Wat Per Square Fel edd Desi Inerir iing By Using Pr Design Ini Lighting By Using The “Zonal Canty (Len) Method Pek Sn Una Ds ake A Protinary Design Like Proeensnals Wit Eccl Design Creer Like Proteesonal Specty the RegutedTy2e cenarane Recopicias For Each ‘teat A Dueling Unt Dieu Gener-Use Receptacle loads nA Oweting Unt Select Receptate Rating For A ranch Ceutin Daehn Unt Types of Earthing System - Part One ~ Electrical Knowhow + Asystem ground refers othe canton of having one wie or pont ofan electrical circuit connected to earth. This connection pont is usualy made atthe electrical neutral although not aways. + The purpose of a system grounding isto protect the equipment. This ensures longer Insulation if of motors, transformers, and ather system components + Asystem araunding aso provides a tow impedance path for faut currents improving sroune faut relaying selectivity. + Ina property grounded system the secondary neutral ofa power transformer suppving 8 bulaing o acy iseannected toa transformer grounding electrode, The transformer neutral ra part ofthe service entrance point that bones te the grounding electrode system af the building. + Aecording tothe National Electrical Code (NEC), NFPA 70, articles 250-81 and 250-83, metal undergroune water pipes, metal nuliing frames, encased electrodes, rode, and plates are among the items that can make up the grounding electroce system of & butarg. + The NEC article 250-83 requires thatthe sizeof the grounding electrode ion or ste od must be at least 8/8 inches in diameter and driven eight fet deep. + The resistance of the electrode to ground cannot exceed 25 ohms (NEC 250-44). Otherwise a second electrode should be added, ane the eistance between the two electrodes must be atleast se feet. However, In some systems the 25 ms resistance value cannot achieve the goals ef grounding. They require ground resistance values below ten obs. + Ifthe main bulding oad is composed of computers or sensitive electronic equipment, the earth ground resistance should not exceed five ohms. 4- Lightning protection grounding hp immw electricalknowhow com!2013/05types-of-earthing-system-part-one him! cee! ‘cna om cou ‘cour cour fe cou cours cours ‘te 4n0Types of Earthing System - Part One ~ Electrical Knowhow mss2017 Nome: alt Message Computer and data network Electrical installation Fire alarm system Telemetry cabling Burglar alarm system ‘and i monitoring | | Telecommunication system ain ightsng protection grounding requirements are dependent upon the struc, component, ‘orsystem toe protected. This system wil e cscused ater in separate Articles. 5 Electronic and computer grounding + Grounding forall electrane systems, ncluing computers and computer networks, 3 speciacase of the equipment ground andthe system groune carefully applied. Inset, hp immw electricalknowhow com!2013/05types-of-earthing-system-part-one him! si10mss12017 Types of Earthing System - Part One ~ Electrical Knowhow srouncing systems fr electronic equipment are generally the same as fr system round with an adeitional requirement, which isthe degree of performance requied + Electronic equipment aroundig systems must nat ony provide a means af stabilizing input power system voltage love's, but also act a the zero valtae reference pont. However, the need t0 do soi not restricted to alow frequency af afew hunctes Nee Grounding systems for moder electranic installations must be able to provide efective srouncing and bonding functions wel into the hah frequency megahert range, fective grounding at 50-60 Hz may net be effective at all fr frequencies above 100 biohert ‘There are several aspects tothe requirement for good grounding performance for clectronie equipment, all of which are de to electrical circuit behavior. ‘oe electronic system grounding performance i achieved with property tad out Ring Electrode Instalations, nluding communications huts, pad mount transformers and fences surounding high voltage instalation, are generally surrounded by aground rng. Ths practice also reduces the hazard of step ané touch potential In the nest Article, | wil continue explaning Other Types of Earthing Systems. 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