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De Guzman, Anne K .

Problem Set on Water and Wastewater Quality

1. Given:
Vseeded dil waste water=15ml
Vseeded h20=300ml
D1=8.8mg/L
D2=1.9mg/L
B1=9.1mg/L
B2=7.9mg/L

Required: BOD5

Solution:

(1 2 ) (1 2 )
5 =

300 15
= = 0.95
300
15
= = 0.05
300

(8.8 1.9)
5 = (0.95)(9.1 7.9)
0.05

= .

2. Given:
BOD5=200mg/L, T=200C
K20=0.23d-1

Required: UBOD, BOD2, BOD5 @ T=250C

Solution:
@ T=200C
= (1 )
200 = (1 (0.23)(5) )
= /
1 = 293(1 (0.23)(1) )

= .

@ T=250C
= 20 20;
= 1.056 ( = 20 30)
= 1.135 ( = 4 20)
25 = (0.23)(1.056)2520
25 = 0.30 1

5 = 293(1 (0.30)(5) )

=

3. Given:
BOD5=185mg/L, T=200C
K20=0.23d-1

Required:
UBOD, BOD10, BOD5 @ T=330C

Solution:
@ T=200C
= (1 )
5 = (1 (0.23)(5) )
= . /
10 = 270.72(1 (0.23)(10) )

= .

@ T=330C
= 20 20;
= 1.056 ( = 20 30)
= 1.135 ( = 4 20)
33 = (0.23)(1.056)3320
25 = 0.47 1

5 = 270.72(1 (0.47)(5) )

= .

4. Given:
BOD5=350 mg/L, T=200C
T=200C: k1=0.25d-1 k2=0.35d-1 k3=0.46d-1

Required:
UBOD1, UBOD2, UBOD3
Solution:
5 = (1 5 )
Sample 1:
350 = 1 (1 (0.25)(5) )
= . /
Sample 2:
350 = 2 (1 (0.35)(5) )
= . /
Sample 3:
350 = 3 (1 (0.46)(5) )

= .

5. Given:
P=0.05
DOi=9.0mg/L
DOf=3.00mg/L (after 5 days)
K=0.22d-1

Required:
(a)BOD5 (b)L0/UBOD (c)Lt

Solution:
(a)

5 =

9.0/ 3.0/
5 =
0.05

=

(b)
5 = (1 5 )
120 = (1 (0.22)(5) )

= .

(c)
= 5
= 178.88 120

= .

6. Given:
D1=8.65 mg/L; D2=2.80 mg/L; B1=8.75 mg/L; B2=8.44 mg/L
Factor: 10mL

Required: BOD5

Solution:

Assume: V seed H2o in control room=100mL

10010 10
= 100
= 0.90 ; = 100 0.1
( ) (1 2 )
5 =

(8.65 2.80) (0.90)(8.75 8.44)
5 =
0.10

= .

7. Given:
Data Standard=5.00 mg/L
Town A= 15.55 km downstream

Required:
(a) DOA (b) DOC and x (c) restriction of assimilative capacity
Solution:
(a)
1000
(15 )( )
=
86400
0.390/( )

= 0.46
@ T=200C

= +


0.390
= 0.4375 + (0.200)
2.8
= 0.4654 1
@ T=160C
= 0.4654(1.135)1620
= 0.281
*rederation rate constant
@ T=200C
3.900.5 3.9(0.390)0.5
= =
1.5 (2.80)1.5
= 0.52 1
@ T=160C
= 0.52(1.024)1620
= 0.47 1
*Da
@ T=160C
DO5=9.95 mg/L
+
= 5 ( )
+
(0.1507)(1.00) + (1.08)(7.95)
= (9.95)( )
0.1507 + 1.08

= 2.85

*Ultimate BOD
+
=
+
(0.1507)(144.18) + (1.08)(11.40)
=
0.1507 + 1.08

= 27.66

*Deficit, D

= (( ) + ( ))

(0.28)(27.66)
= (( (0.28)(0.46) (0.47)(0.46) ) + (2.85)( (0.47)(0.46) ))
0.47 0.28

= 5.16

*DO
= 5
= 9.95 5.16

= .

(b)
*critical travel time

1
= ln ( (1 ))

1 0.47 0.47 0.28


= ln ( (1 2.85 ))
0.47 0.28 0.28 (0.28)(27.66)

= 2.34
*critical deficit
(0.28)(27.66)
= (( 0.28(2.34) 0.47(2.34) ) + 2.85( 0.47(2.34) ))
0.47 0.28

= 8.55

* = 5 = 9.95 8.55

= .

*distance to critical point:
1
= = (0.390) (86400 ) (2.34 ) ( )
1000
= .
8. Given:
Data from #7 but BOD5 of city B is reduced to 30.0mg/L
Required:
(a)DOA (b)DOc and x (c) Is the assimilative capability of the river restricted?
Solution:
(a) *from 7 t=0.46 day; kd=0.28d-1; kr=0.47d-1; Da =2.85 mg/L
30
= = 33.79
(1 0.4375(5) )

(0.1507)(33.79) + (1.08)(11.40)
= = 14.14
0.1507 + 1.08

(0.28)(14.14)
= (( 0.28(0.46) 0.47(0.46) ) + (2.85)( 0.47(0.46) )) = 3.83
0.47 0.28


= . . = .

(b)
1 0.47 0.47 0.28
= ln ( (1 2.85 ))
0.47 0.28 0.28 (0.28)(14.14)

= 1.95

(0.28)(14.14)
= (( 0.28(1.95) 0.47(1.95) ) + 2.85( 0.47(1.95) ))
0.47 0.28

= 4.87

= 5 = 9.95 4.87

= .

*distance to critical point:
1
= = (0.390) (86400 ) (1.95 ) ( )
1000
= .
9. Given:
Data from #7 ; Allow 1.50 mg/L above DENR regulations at Town A

Required: Allowable mass discharge (kg/d)

Solution:
*allowable deficit

= 9.95 (1.50 + 5.00) = 3.45

*allowable initial ultimate BOD
( )( )
=
( )
(3.45 2.85 0.47(0.46) )(0.47 0.28)
=
0.28( 0.28(0.46) 0.47(0.46) )

= 10.64

*allowable mass discharge
1 1
= (0.1507)(5.14) ( ) (86400) ( )
1 1000

= 67.58

10. Given:
10 km/day
D0 =4 mg/L
CBOD=10mg/L
k1 =0.2/day
k2 =0.4/day

Required:
(a) Time (b) distance
Solution:
(a)
1 2 0 (2 1 )
= ln( (1 ))
2 1 1 1 0

1 0.4 4(0.4 0.2)


= ln( (1 ))
0.4 0.2 0.2 (0.2)(10)

= .
(b)

= 0.9116 (10 )

= .

11. Given:

pH=6.3; pKa1=3.3; pKa2=10.33

Required: Total carbonate=CO2

Solution:
3 32 + +

[32 ][ + ]
2 =
[3 ]
[32 ]
2 = log
[3 ]
[32 ]
10.33 = 6.3 log
2.1 103

2 + 2 3 + +
[3 ][ + ]
1 =
[2() ]
[3 ]
1 = log
[2() ]
2.1 103
3.3 = 6.3 log
[2() ]
[2() ] = 2.1 103
2 = [2() ] + [3 ] + [32 ]
2 = 2.1 106 + 2.1 103 + 1.96 107
= .


12. Given: [3 ] = 100
[32 ] = 150 mg/L
pH=8 @ 250C
Required: Alkalinity=CaCO3 (mg/L)
Solution:
= log[ + ]
8 = log[ + ]

[ + ] = 1 108 (1.01 ) (1000 )


[ + ] = 1.01 105

+ = 14
= 14 8
= 6

= log[ ]
6 = log[ ]

[ ] = 1 106 (17.008 )


[ ] = 0.017

3 = [3 ] + 2[3 ] + [ ] [ + ]

3 = 100 + 2 (150 ) + 0.017 1.01 105


=

Problem 10.4
A source water mineral analysis shows the following ion concentrations in the water: Ca2+ 70mg
/L, Mg 2+ = 40mg / L, and HCO 3-= 250mg / LasCaCO 3. Determine the waters carbonate hardness,
noncarbonated hardness, and total hardness.
Solution:
100 3 /
Mg2+ concentration as CaCO3 = 40 = 164
24.4 +2 /

100 3 /
Ca2+ concentration as CaCO = 70 = 175
40 +2 /

Total Hardness = Mg2+ conc. as CaCO3 + Ca2+ conc. as CaCO3


= 164 mg/L + 175 mg/L
Total Hardness = 339 mg/L as CaCO3
Carbonate Hardness = 250 mg/L as CaCO3
(175 mg/L Ca2+ + 75 mg/L Mg2+ Mg2+ concentration is the difference between HCO3 - and
Ca2+)
Noncarbonate Hardness = 164 mg/L 75 mg/L
Noncarbonate Hardness = 89 mg/L

Problem 10.10
Calculate the settling velocity of a particle with 10 m diameter and a specific gravity of 1.05 in
15C water.
( = 1.140 10-3 N-s/m2 and the density of water equals 999.1 kg/m3 )
Solution:
Use the expression for specific gravity, to calculate the density of the particle:

=
2

= 2 = 991
3
Use Stokes Law, to calculate the setting velocity of the particle:

( ) 2
=
18

9.81 (1049 999.1 3 ) 12
2
= (10)2 = 2.4106
6
(10 ) 2
18 (1.140103 2 )


= .

Problem 10.18
A city is upgrading its water supply capacity to 81,378 m3 /day, using microfiltration. The new
plant membrane system will consist of 25 arrays with 90 modules per array. The modules have an
inside diameter of 120 mm, a length of 1,200 mm, and an available surface area of 30 m 2 . The
membranes have an outside diameter of 1.0 mm, and a length of 1,200 mm. Determine: (a) the
total surface area available for filtration, (b) the membrane flux rate in L/m2hr, and (c) the total
number of membrane fibers required for the plant and each module
Solution:
23.42
a. Total Surface Area = (25 arrays) x (90 )x() = 52,650m2

Total plant flow rate


b. Flux Rate = total surface area available for filtration

81378 3 / 1000
= 24
52650 2 3

=64.4

Total plant surface area available for filtration


c. Total Number of Fibers = external surfacearea of a single fiber
5250 2 5250 2
= =
2 2 (0.001) (1.194 m)
= 7,018,013
total number of fibers
Numbers of fibers per module = number of modules
7,018,013
=
(25 arrays)(90 )

=3,119

Problem 11.15
A wastewater treatment plant will receive a flow of 35,000 m3/d (~10 MGD) with a raw
wastewater CBOD5 of 250 mg/L. Primary treatment removes ~25% of the BOD. Calculate the
volume (m3) and approximate hydraulic retention time (hr) of the aeration basin required to run
the plant as a high rate facility (F/M 5 2 kg BOD/kg MLSS-day). The aeration basin MLSS
concentration will be maintained at 2,000 mg MLSS/L.
Solution:
Calculate the CBOD5 feed to the aeration tank.

So = 250 mg/L = (250 ) ( 0.75103 ) = 0.1875
3 3

Calculate the MLSS concentration of the aeration tank



X = 2000 mg/L = ( 2000 ) (103 )=2
3 3
Use the definition of F/M and the data above to calculate V.
3
( 35,000 ) ( 0.1875 3 )

F/ M = = = 2.0/
( 2 3 )

V = 1,640
Calculate the retention time
1,640
= = = 0.047 = .
35,000

This retention time is approximate, because the flow estimate does not include return activated
Sludge

Problem 11.10
Determine the sludge volume index (SVI) for a test where 3 g MLSS occupy a 450 mL
volume after 30 min settling
Solution:
450
SVI = 3 =

Problem 8.4
A wastewater treatment plant discharges an effluent containing 2 mg/L of dissolved
oxygen to a river that has a dissolved-oxygen concentration of 8 mg/L upstream of the
discharge. Calculate the dissolved-oxygen deficit at the mixing basin if the saturation
dissolved oxygen for the river is 9 mg/L. Assume that the river and plant discharge have
the same flow rate.
Solution:
Determine the actual oxygen concentration at the mixing basin:
Qriver = Q discharge = Q

( 8 )+( 2 )

DO = =5
2

D=9 5 =

Problem 8.10
A river flowing with a velocity of 20 km/day has an ultimate CBOD of 20 mg/L. If
the organic matter has a decay coefficient of 0.2/day, what is the ultimate CBOD 40 km
downstream?
Solution:
40
t== = 2
20 /
0.2
2
ultimate CBOD at 40 km =20


= 13.4

Problem 8.12
A paper mill discharges its waste (kL = 0.05/day) to a river flowing with a velocity
of 20 km/day. After mixing with the waste, the river has an ultimate carbonaceous BOD
of 50 mg/L. Calculate the 5-day carbonaceous BOD at that location and the ultimate
carbonaceous BOD remaining 10 km downstream.

Solution:
0.05
5
At the location, 5-day carbonaceous BOD = 50 (1 ) = 11

The ultimate carbonaceous BOD remaining 10 km downstream:

10
t== = 0.5
20 /

0.05
5
CBOD downstream = 50 =

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