Fall 2014 CS 1:

Introduction to Computer Science

Instructor-in-Charge: Jens Palsberg
palsberg@ucla.edu

Lecture 1
Introduction and Course Overview
Jens Palsberg
Welcome to UCLA !
Founded in 1919, the biggest campus in UC system in terms of #students
Enrollment:
25,536 undergraduates,
12,716 graduates;
4,016 teaching faculty
For 2008, UCLA had more freshman applicants (55,409) than any other U.S. university.
Highlights of faculty/graduate awards
5 UCLA faculty members and 5 UCLA graduates are Nobel Laureates;
10 UCLA faculty members have been awarded the National Medal of Science;
40 members in National Academy of Science and 20 in National Academy of Engineering
11 MacArthur Fellow Genius Grant recipients;
3 Pulitzer Prize winners
1 Fields Medal in mathematics

Course Objectives
Introduction and (partial) overview of computer science
Gain general knowledge about the field
Get excited about the field and the subjects

Introduction to the department

Get to know some faculty members
Get to know some research activities
Outline of Todays Lecture
Course overview
Introduction of the CS department
Brief introduction of history of computing
Whats so great about computer science/engineering
Course Outline
Course Overview and Introduction to UCLA CS Department (Oct 6)
Lecturer: Jens Palsberg

Introduction to Computer Security (Oct 13)

Lecturer: Carey Nachenberg, UCLA and Symantec

A Brief History of the Internet (Oct 20)

Lecturer: Len Kleinrock

Computer Science in Biology and Medicine (Oct 27)

Lecturer: Eleazar Eskin

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (Nov 3)

Lecturer: Rich Korf
Course Outline (Contd)
Advances in Computer Architecture (Nov 10)
Lecturer: Jason Cong

The Future of Robotic Space Exploration the Next Decade (Nov 17)
Lecturer: Leon Alkalai, JPL

u Programming in the Future rather than in the Past (Nov 24)

Lecturer: Alan Kay

u Uncomputability (Dec 1)
Lecturer: Alexander Sherstov

Introduction to Computer Graphics and Computer Vision (Dec 8)

Lecturer: Demetri Terzopoulos
Course Administrative Issues
My contact info
Email: palsberg@ucla.edu
The reading assignments are on CCLE
No required textbook
Grading
No midterm and final exams
9 quizzes during discussion sessions (60%)
Participation at the lecture and discussion sessions (10%)
Essay in the final exam week (30%)
Teaching Assistants
Kung-Hua Chang kunghua@cs.ucla.edu
Joshua Joy jjoy@cs.ucla.edu
The First Node of the Internet

Leonard Kleinrock
National Medal of Science, 2008
Kleinrock standing on a hidden message!

Copyright @ 2014 University of California,

Los Angeles
Erik Hagens floor design

Copyright @ 2014 University of California,

Los Angeles
 lo and behold!

d
n Charley Kline
BS 70, MS 71, PhD 85

a keyed in the
first internet message
LO

o
l
ACM Turing Award
Alan Kay Judea Pearl
(2003) (2011)

ACM Fellows

Cong Kleinrock Muntz Terzopoulos Zhang

18 IEEE Fellows
most recently, in 2013, Stefano Soatto
Chaired professors

Cong Terzopoulos Zaniolo Zhang

Chancellors Chancellors Friedmann Postel
Professor Professor Professor Professor
Two new faculty members in 2014
Miryung Kim
software engineering

u Ameet Talwalkar
machine learning
Overview
29 faculty and 2 permanent lecturers, 14 emeriti
6 joint faculty, 7 adjuncts, a few temporary lecturers
2 National Academy of Engineering members
2 National Academy of Sciences Members
3 AAAI Fellows

Research Areas:
AI Architecture & VLSI CAD Computational System Biology Graphics & Vision
Information Systems Networks Software Systems Theory
Excellence in Teaching Awards
John Cho, 2006 Northrop Grumman Award
David Smallberg, 2008 Lockheed Martin Award
Milos Ercegovac, 2009 Lockheed Martin Award
Paul Eggert, 2012 Lockheed Martin Award
Alexander Sherstov, 2014 Northrop Grumman Award
Ranking
NRC Ranking 2010 Microsoft Acad. Search (last 10 years)
1. Stanford 1. Stanford
2. Princeton 2. Berkeley
3. MIT 3. MIT
4. Berkeley 4. CMU
5. CMU 5. UIUC
6. UIUC 6. UCSD US News 2014:
7. Cornell 7. UCLA UCLA is # 13
8. UNC 8. Georgia Tech
9. UCLA 9. U Washington Shanghai 2014:
10. UCSB 10. UT Austin UCLA is # 9
Research Centers
CAINS:
Center for Autonomous Intelligent Networks and
Systems [Mario Gerla]
CDSC: NSF Center for Domain-Specific Computing
[Jason Cong]
ICS:Center for Information and Computation Security
[Rafail Ostrovsky]
WHI: Wireless Health Institute [Dobkin, Kaiser, Sarrafzadeh]
CEF: Center for Encrypted Functionalities [Sahai, Director]
NDN: Named Data Networking [Lixia Zhang]
ScAI: The Scalable Analytics Institute
Mission: respond to the challenges of Big Data.
Core areas of research:
Big data systems
Graph-based analytics
Language design for big data and data streams
Mining high dimensional data
User and quality modeling for big data

Faculty:
Students and post docs
graduates
current 2011-12 2012-13

PhD students: 181 28 30

MS students: 165 87 73
Undergraduate: 718 135 142
Post docs: 16
We are more selective than ever
CS&E + CS F10 F11 F12 F13 F14
applications 1,747 2,259 3,411 4,357 5,994
admitted / applicat. 26% 25% 14% 13% 9%
enrolled / admitted 27% 26% 22% 19% 20%
New Undergraduate courses
Freshman seminar: Intro to Computer Science (CS 1)
Elective courses:
Peer to Peer Systems (CS 114)
Computational Genetics (CS 124)
Parallel and Distributed Computing (CS 133) [multi-core update]
Introduction to Computer Security (CS 136)
Web Applications (CS 144)
Cryptography (CS 183)
Cloud Computing (CS 188)
New courses on game programming

UCLA already has some

softer game courses,
offered by DESMA,
Design Media Arts, and by Film, Media, Television, for
example: Game Design for the Web
Fall 2013: Sam Stokes, Microsoft
Spring 2013: Diana Ford, DESMA
Student organizations
ACM faculty advisor: Glenn Reinman
UPE faculty advisor: David Smallberg
Linux User Group faculty advisor: Paul Eggert
Internship participation
Computer Science students interned at, for example:
Amazon, Cisco, DirecTV, Google, HP, Sandia, LinkedIn,
Northrop Grumman, Qualcomm, Symantec, Teradata, Boeing

CS&E students interned at, for example:

Cisco, DirecTV, Google, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Los Angeles Dept of Water and Power, RAND Corporation,
Sony, Southern California Edison, Vizio
Industrial Affiliate Members 2014
Bally Technologies Northrop Grumman
Blizzard Qualcomm

Cisco Samsung

Facebook Sandia

Goldman Sachs Sony

Google Symantec

IBM Teradata

Mentor Graphics ViaSat

Outline of Todays Lecture
Course overview
Introduction of the CS department and the speakers
Brief introduction of history of computing
Whats so great about computer science/engineering
First Electrical Relay Computer (1943)
The Z3 computer built by German
engineer Konrad Zuse working in
complete isolation from developments
elsewhere.
Using 2,300 relays, the Z3 used floating
point binary arithmetic and had a 22-bit
word length.
5m long, 2m high, and 1m deep
The original Z3 was destroyed in a
bombing raid of Berlin in late 1943.
Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of
the Z3 in the 1960s
Currently on display at the Deutsches Museum
in Berlin.
Source: http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
ABC (1939 - 1942)
Built at Iowa State College (now University), the
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
Designed and built by Professor John Atanasoff and
graduate student Cliff Berry between 1939 and 1942.
A number of interesting concepts
Binary logic
Dynamic random access memory (RAM) using a
rotating drum with capacitors
A writable card to store intermediate results (but
error-prone)
Prototype weighted 1/3 ton with 300+ tubes, but
never fully-functional dismantled in 1948
But it won a patent dispute relating to the invention
of the computer when Atanasoff proved that ENIAC
co-designer John Mauchly had come to see the ABC
shortly after it was completed

Source: http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
Mark-1 (1944)
Conceived by Harvard professor
Howard Aiken, and designed and
built by IBM,
Harvard Mark-1 was a room-sized,
relay-based calculator.
A fifty-foot long camshaft that
synchronized the machines thousands
of component parts.
Used to produce mathematical tables
but was soon superseded by stored
program computers.

Source: http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
Colossus (1944)
Designed by British engineer Tommy
Flowers, to break the complex Lorenz
ciphers used by the Nazis during WWII.
A total of ten Colossi were built, each using
1,500 vacuum tubes and
A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of
punched paper tape containing possible solutions
to a particular code.

Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz

messages from weeks to hours.
Not made public until the 1970s

Source: http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
ENIAC (1943 - 1946)
Built by John Mauchly and J. Presper
Eckert
Improved by 1,000 times on the
speed of its contemporaries.
Start of project:1943
Completed: 1946
Programming:plug board and switches
Speed: 5,000 operations per second
Input/output: cards, lights, switches,
plugs
Floor space:1,000 square feet

Source: http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
More about ENIAC
Use decimal arithmetic based on ring counters
Use 18,000 vacume tubes, 70,000 resistors
Spent over a half a million dollars
Originally intended to replace human computors for calculating ballistic tables
for military
No internal memory to store the program programming using a a large number of
plugable cables and switch panels
Takes days to rewire for a different gun
Each trajectory, however, requires only a different input
A parallel machine with multiple accumulators!
Difficult to program
Moved to armys Ballistic Research Lab in Aberdeen, Maryland in 1946
Switched off Oct. 2, 1955, after 80,223 hours of operation
Worked on a number of problems, including development of hydrogen-bomb
Von Neumann Architecture (1945)
Participated in the ENIAC project
Wrote "First Draft of a Report on the
EDVAC"
Outlined the architecture of a stored-
program computer.
Eliminated the need for the more clumsy
methods of programming, such as punched
paper tape
Computer may modify the program, at least
in theory.
EDVAC Electronic-Delay Variable
Automatic Calculator
Good logic design but marginal circuit
performance
Eventually delivered in Aug. 1949

Source: http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
Transistor (1947)
On December 23, 1947, William
Shockley, Walter Brattain, and
John Bardeen successfully
tested this point-contact
transistor, setting off the
semiconductor revolution.
Improved models of the
transistor, developed at AT&T
Bell Laboratories, supplanted
vacuum tubes used on
computers at the time.
Source: http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
Integrated Circuits (1958)
Jack Kilby created the first
integrated circuit at Texas
Instruments
Proved that resistors and
capacitors could exist on the
same piece of semiconductor
material.
His circuit consisted of a sliver of
germanium with five components
linked by wires.

Source: http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
The 1st Microprocessor (1971)
Federico Faggin led the design and
Ted Hoff led the architecture
Intel 4004 had 2250 transistors and
could perform up to 90,000
operations per second in four-bit
chunks.
Developed for Busicom, a
Japanese calculator maker

Source: http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
Moores Law
The number of transistors on a chip doubles about every two years
(Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, 1965)
The Excitement of an Exponentially Growing Field
Exponential increase of computation power

[Lazowska, Snowbird06]

Exponential decrease of cost/performance ratio

No other industry is even close
Why Choosing CS -- Impact to the Society
Exponential
increase in computational power led to
endless new applications and opportunities
Personal computing
Internet
Wireless communication
Digital entertainment

Huge impact to the society

Top 30 Innovations in Last 30 Years
1. Internet, broadband, WWW (browser and html)
2. PC/laptop computers
3. Mobile phones
4. E-mail
5. DNA testing and sequencing/Human genome mapping
6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
7. Microprocessors
8. Fiber optics
9. Office software (spreadsheets, word processors)
10. Non-invasive laser/robotic surgery (laparoscopy)
11. Open source software and services (e.g., Linux, Wikipedia)
12. Light emitting diodes
13. Liquid crystal display (LCD)
14. GPS systems
15. Online shopping/ecommerce/auctions (e.g., eBay)
Done in Feb. 2009 by Whartons Business School in celebration of the
30th anniversary this year PBS Nightly Business Report Program
Top 30 Innovations in Last 30 Years (contd)
16. Media file compression (jpeg, mpeg, mp3)
17. Microfinance
18. Photovoltaic Solar Energy
19. Large scale wind turbines
20. Social networking via the Internet
21. Graphic user interface (GUI)
22. Digital photography/videography
23. RFID and applications (e.g., EZ Pass)
24. Genetically modified plants
25. Bio fuels
26. Bar codes and scanners
27. ATMs
28. Stents
29. SRAM flash memory
30. Anti retroviral treatment for AIDS
Why Choosing CS Intellectual Challenges
Youwill be exposed to many interesting concepts and
techniques
Computability
Computational complexity
Problem solving skills
Divide-and-conquer, branch-and-bound, dynamic programming
Layers of abstraction
Virtualization

Computational thinking!
Why Choosing CS Innovation and Reward
The best field for young people to innovate
Microsoft started in 1975 by Bill Gates (20) and Paul Allen (22)
Dell Computers started in 1984 by Michael Dell (19)
Google started in 1998 by Larry Page (25) and Sergey Brin (25)
And many other examples (Facebook, YouTube, etc)
They created new industries and built mega companies.

Why? One possible explanation -- the power of exponential law

The next number in a geometric sequence is larger than the sum of all
previous ones !
2n > 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + + 2n-1
 Best Jobs 2010 (Walls Street Journal Jan. 5, 2010)
http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/st_BESTJOBS2010_20100105.html

Starting Midlevel Top level

Rank Job
salary salary salary
1 ACTUARY $49,000 $85,000 $161,000
2 SOFTWARE ENGINEER $54,000 $85,000 $129,000
3 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST $45,000 $76,000 $118,000
4 BIOLOGIST $39,000 $71,000 $148,000
5 HISTORIAN $34,000 $62,000 $111,000
6 MATHEMATICIAN $54,000 $95,000 $141,000
7 PARALEGAL ASSISTANT $29,000 $46,000 $73,000
8 STATISTICIAN $40,000 $73,000 $117,000
9 ACCOUNTANT $37,000 $59,000 $102,000
10 DENTAL HYGIENIST $44,000 $67,000 $91,000
11 PHILOSOPHER $33,000 $60,000 $105,000
12 METEOROLOGIST $39,000 $81,000 $127,000
13 TECHNICAL WRITER $37,000 $62,000 $97,000
14 BANK OFFICER $54,000 $88,000 $171,000
15 WEB DEVELOPER $48,000 $60,000 $91,000
Based on five criteria -- environment, income, employment outlook, physical demands
and stress according to a newly released study from job site CareerCast.com.
So
You have an exciting and rewarding career ahead of you !
Make the best use of your time at UCLA to prepare
And enjoy your college life at UCLA

Reading assignment:
An illustrated History of Computers, parts 1-4
The link is on CCLE, look under Week 1