Operation Notes of InRoads

Operation Notes of InRoads
(Version 1)
29-10-2010
Content
Chapter 1 Overview of Alignment computation & General Settings
1.01 Workflow of a Project P. 1
1.02 The InRoads Explorer P. 2
1.03 InRoads File Types P. 2
1.04 Preferences P. 3
1.05 Locks P. 8
1.06 Setting Work Session options P. 9
Chapter 2 Horizontal Alignment Computation

2.01 Create Geometry Project & Horizontal Alignment P. 11
2.02 Using Horizontal Element to form an Alignment P. 13
2.03 Using Horizontal Curve Set to form an Alignment P. 19
2.04 Using Create/Edit Components to form an Alignment P. 26
2.05 Using Import Geometry from Graphics to form an Alignment P. 30
2.06 View (Display) an Alignment P. 31
2.07 Review (Report) the Alignment P. 32
2.08 Stationing Define the Beginning Station P. 34
2.09 Cul de sac P. 36
2.10 Parallel Horizontal Alignment P. 38
2.11 Multi-Center Curve P. 42
2.12 Transpose Alignment P. 45
2.13 Horizontal Event Point P. 46
2.14 View Stationing P. 49
Chapter 3 Longitudinal Profile & Vertical Alignment Computation

3.01 Generating a Profile along an Alignment P. 51
3.02 Create a Vertical Alignment by Add Vertical PI P. 54
3.03 Introduce command Insert PI P. 56
3.04 Introduce command Move PI P. 57
3.05 Introduce command Delete PI P. 58
3.06 Using Define Curve P. 59
3.07 Review (Report) the Vertical Alignment P. 62
3.08 Annotate Profile &Vertical Annotation P. 63
3.09 Vertical Event Point P. 69
Chapter 4 Template Library

4.01 Create Template Library P. 71
4.02 Introduce Folder, Template, Components and Points P. 73
4.03 Add Simple Component P. 76
4.04 Edit Template Points P. 78
4.05 Add End Condition P. 83
4.06 Function Test P. 86
4.07 Create Template by Drag & Drop P. 87
4.08 Display Template P. 92
4.09 Import Template from Graphic P. 93
Chapter 5 Roadway Designer

5.01 Create Roadway Designer P. 96
5.02 Corridor Management P. 98
5.03 Template Drops P. 99
5.04 Point Controls P. 102
5.05 Add Superelevation by Create Single Control Line P. 105
5.06 Create Surface P. 113
Chapter 6 Volume Computation

6.01 By Triangle Volume Method P. 115
6.02 Triangle Volume by Station P. 116
6.03 Extract Cross Sections P. 117
6.04 Volume by End-Area Method P. 120
Chapter 7 XML Reports

7.01 Geometry Report P. 123
7.02 Station Base Report P. 124
7.03 Edit Report Format P. 125
Chapter 1
Overview of Alignment computation & General Settings

1.01 Workflow of a Project
A workflow diagram shows the paths that could take through the application to finish the project.
1
1.02 The InRoads Explorer
Menu Bar
- Commands
Workspace Bar Feedback pane

- Control Center - Displays details
Status Bar
- Displays Command details
The InRoads Explorer is divided into 4 parts:

Menu Bar contains menus for all of the tools available for the active InRoads modules.
Workspace Bar the control center for all InRoads project data.
Feedback Pane displays details about the data selected in the Workspace Bar.
Status Bar displays InRoads messages, data readout, and errors.
1.03 InRoads File Types
The InRoads road design process consists of several different file types. Deleting the CAD graphics does not affect the InRoads
data. For example, if the graphics that represent existing ground surface random points are deleted, the InRoads existing ground
surface file is not altered.
1) Surface File (.dtm) store digital terrain model.
2) Geometry file (.alg) store geometric data, including horizontal and vertical alignment and COGO points.
3) Template Library File (.itl) store templates (typical sections) and template components.
4) Roadway Design (.ird) store information which defining the parameters of a roadway design.
5) Preference File (.xin) controls how data will appear when it is displayed in the CAD file.
6) Project file (.rwk) no InRoads data is stored in this file; it is an ASCII file that lists the InRoads data files that can be opened.
2
1.04 Preferences
Preferences allow you to define everything from general operation parameters (like units of measure, decimal places to display,
stationing format, and symbology) to specific instructions as to which settings apply to a particular design surface.
There are three commands for setting preferences.

1) Preference Manager
2) Style Manager
3) Named Symbology Manager
Preference Manager is browsed from Tools > Preference Manager.

It is a tool that allows you to add, edit and delete preferences across the entire product, all from a single dialog box. You could
set basic preference for every command under each InRoads menu. Or, you could globally set all of these values (in addition to
other detailed settings required by some commands) in that Manager.
The tabs represent different areas of the menu of the product that you
are running. The list in each tab displays the commands for the
corresponding menu area. If the status is Initialized, the preference
exists for that command. You can Edit (defines) a preference for the
selected command and Uninitialize (deletes) the specified preference
from the command that is selected in the list.
3
The Style Manager is used to add, edit, copy, rename and delete styles. The style created is usable by all areas of the product:
surfaces, geometry, and survey.
Style Manager is browsed from Tools > Style Manager.
The Style Manager contains a custom-view-enabled list view to control which columns to display and the order of the columns
in the list view. There are several options under Show Styles with Properties. Depending which of these options are turn on, you
may further filter out styles.
The New/Edit command accommodates all types of features, surface features as well as geometry and survey features.
4
Under the Edit Style, a tree view is used in a wizard-like fashion where the contents of dialog change depending on the selection
in the tree view.
The General page shows the style name in

the frame on the left top corner. You can
toggle on/off the Features, by means of
Include Definition for, in order to set the
displays of the style.
The Surface Features Settings page includes

3-D/Plan Display, Cross Section Display and
Profile Display group settings.
The Symbology page displays the Named

Symbology dialog that allows you to select
(from pull-down menu) or create (New) a
named symbology for features.
Click Edit to browse the Edit Named

Symbology dialog box to change the settings of
the current named symbology. You can also edit
it from Named Symbology Manager.
5
The Geometry Feature page includes Points, Lines (linear element), Arcs (circular element) and Spirals.
Points settings dialog box is designed to use the

grid control to toggle on the fields to annotate and
set the Column, Row, Prefix, Suffix, Precision, and
Dual Dimension.
The appearance of Points is defined in the

Symbology page.
Lines, Arcs and Spirals are set as its according

pages.
The Named Symbology Manager is used to add, edit, delete and copy named symbologies. A named symbology stores a large set
of parameters that define exactly how a point, line or piece of text will appear in plan view, in profile, and in cross sections.
Named Symbology Manager is

browsed from Tools > Style
Manager.
6
Every named symbology contains 12 areas:

3 feature types (Line, Text, Point) in 4 different
views (Default, Plan, Profile and Cross Section).
When you define the parameters for any of these
areas, you Initialize that part of the named
symbology.
When you are using a named symbology to control the

appearance of, for example a point, that you want to display in
plan view, commands would check the appropriate part of the
named symbology first (Plan, Profile or cross section), and if
that part is not initialized, commands then check the Default
part of it.
If neither of those areas is initialized, the named symbology

fails to define any symbology for a line, text or point and is
therefore useless in such a case. For example, if Alignment
Point is used to define as surface breakline features, lines will
not display on plan, profile and cross section views because it
is Not Initialized in those areas.
7
1.05 Locks
There are several lock features to streamline the
interaction with the software.
For quick access to the lock commands, select

Tools > Locks > Toolbar.
Feature Filter List works with Feature Filter Lock. When the Feature Filter Lock toggles on, these selection sets are
now exclusively available for display without any further interaction with the Feature Selection
Filter command dialog box.
Feature Filter Lock a global setting that enables or disables the Feature Selection Filter and Survey Style Filter.
Feature Highlight Lock to highlight features, which select in the Feature List, in plan view.
Style Lock affects Surface commands. For View Surface commands, it bypasses the command dialog box and
displays the active surface, automatically determining what symbology to use.
Pencil/Pen Lock applies to plan display only and not affecting to profile and cross section. Toggle Pencil mode means
automatically cleans up the graphics from your previous work as you modify your design and
redisplay. On the other hand, toggle Pen mode keeps your previous work displayed and not lose it
when you modify and redisplay surface or geometry. For Simplicity, Pencil mode display graphics
temporary while Pen mode display graphics permanent.
Delete Ink Lock allows redisplayed graphics to be replaced even that were drawn in Pen mode.
Locate Lock determines whether to snap to Graphics (CAD file) or Features (in the active surface) even the
features are not displayed.
Snap Lock can be set to three modes. No Snap mode has no effect on snap geometry, but you can snap graphic
elements on CAD file. Using Point Snap and Element Snap to snap the geometry points and
elements.
Station Lock is applicable only when the first station specified on the horizontal alignment is an awkward
numbered station and you are generating cross sections, executing the Roadway Designer, or
generating station type reports. Toggle on Station Lock can force all subsequent actions to
even-numbered station according to the interval setting for the command(s).
Report Lock is used by several commands to control whether or not the command display output in a dialog box
as the command calculations are performed.
8
1.06 Setting Work Session Options
Before creating a geometry project, you must set the working units and decimal precision for coordinates, stationing, distance,
angles and gradients.
Click Tools > Options to browse

the Option dialog box.
The Option dialog box controls parameters that affect system-wide operation.
The Precision tab allows you to specify the number of decimal places to
display for various system parameters. The maximum precision for each
parameter is seven decimal places.
9
The Unit and Format tab allows you to specify the units to The Geometry tab controls system-wide parameters that
use for linear and angular elements within your design affect geometry.
session and the format you want to use for stations, angles,
slopes and aspect.
The Tolerances tab allows you to specify various tolerances The Abbreviation tab controls the prefixes and suffixes
used for display and coordinate geometry commands. used in annotation.
10
Chapter 2
Horizontal Alignment Computation

The geometry project contains coordinate geometry points, horizontal alignments and vertical alignments.
The file extension for geometry project is .alg.
A geometry project is similar in concept to a database. There may be several geometry projects opened in InRoads, but only one
can receive input at a time. This is called the active geometry project.
A geometry project is organized into hierarchal categories starting with the COGO point buffer and horizontal alignments. Like
Geometry Project, only active horizontal alignment input can be received at a time.
As shown in the diagram, multiple horizontal alignments can exist in a geometry project. Each horizontal alignment can have
multiple child vertical alignments. Each horizontal alignment must have a unique name.
2.01 Create Geometry Project & Horizontal Alignment
Start a new Geometry Project and Horizontal Alignment
Step 1
In Workspace Bar, left click Geometry Project to highlight
the option and then right click to select New in the sub-menu.
* Workspace Bar
Or in main menu, click File > New.
11
Step 2
In New box, select Geometry tab and choose Geometry Project
from the drop-down list. 1
Name the geometry project, e.g. Training and click Apply. 2 4
3
The geometry project Training will be appeared in

Workspace Bar.
Step 3
Repeat the above procedures, select Horizontal Alignment for

Type and name the alignment e.g. centre line and click Apply. 1
2 4
3
The horizontal alignment centre line will be appeared in
Workspace Bar.
12
2.02 Using Horizontal Element to form an Alignment
Step 1 Add fixed linear element
Geometry > Horizontal Element > Add

Fixed Line
1 2 In Add Fixed Horizontal Line box, select By Two Points for

Mode and click Apply.
13
At the prompt: Identify first point
Pick a point from the graph as shown.
*Alternate method by entering data on the command box.
Tentative snap a point and

left click to accept it.
At the prompt: Identify second point

Pick another point from the graph.
A linear element is thus fixed
At the prompt: Accept/Reject

Left click to accept the result and reset to exit the command.
14
Step 2 Add floating circular element
Geometry > Horizontal Element > Add Floating Curve
1 3
2 In command box, select By Point and Radius for Mode, key in

radius e.g. 38.500 and click Apply.
At the prompt: Identify element

Pick a point adjacent to the end of the linear element.
A circular arc with radius 38.500m will be appeared in the graph dynamically.
At the prompt: Identify a point
15
Fix the curve accordingly by clicking a data point as shown.


Accept the solution by left click and reject it by counter motion.
A Circular element is thus fixed.
Step 3 Add floating Linear element

Geometry > Horizontal Element > Add Floating Line
In command box, select By Point for Mode and click

Apply.
1 2
16
Pick a point adjacent to the end of the circular element.
A linear element will be appeared on the graph dynamically.

Fix the line accordingly by clicking the required point as shown.
Tentative snap a
point and left click
to accept it.

Left click to accept the solution.
17
Step 4 Repeat Step 2 and complete the alignment
Repeat using the command Add Floating Horizontal Curve, key in

radius, e.g. 66.000, click Apply. 1 3

Pick a point adjacent to the end of a second linear element.
Drag the floating curve to a desirable curvature.

Fix the curve accordingly by clicking the end of circular element.

Accept the solution and reset to exit the command. The alignment is thus completed.
18
2.03 Using Horizontal Curve Set to form an Alignment
You can create an alignment starting with the Add PI
command, then move, insert, or delete points and define
curves using the commands on this menu.
Create an empty horizontal alignment, e.g. centre line 2.
You have to define all linear elements by adding PI

points. Then smooth the alignment by Define Curve.
Step 1 Add PIs (point of intersection)

Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Add PI
At the prompt: Identify first point

Select the first PI point from the graph as shown or input the coordinates on command window.
Tentative snap a
to accept it.
19
A line would be appeared dynamically on the graph.
At the prompt: Identify a point/ Reject

Then pick the second PI as shown.
Tentative snap a
to accept it.
20
Pick the consecutive points. Right click to finish the alignment.
By connecting the PIs, the alignment is created.

Finished up this task by creating curve sets (as follows) to smooth out the alignment.
Step 2 Define Curve
Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > define Curve
21
When the command activates, the first and second tangent lines would be highlighted in the graph. The coordinates of the second
PI could be appeared in the command.
Select Known PI Coordinates for Define By.

4
1
Select SCS (spiral-curve-spiral) for Curve Set Type.
Key in the radius e.g. 38.500 and click Apply.
A curve is computed and the command prompt displays the message:

Successful completion.
Click Next to move to the third PI.
22
The second and third tangent will be highlighted. And the coordinates of the third PI point will be appeared on the command box.
There are 5 methods by which the location of 4

the PI is determined: 1
1) Known PI Coordinates
2) Direction and Distance from Pervious PI
3) Direction and distance from Next PI
4) Directions from Previous and Next PIs
5) Distance from Previous and Next PIs
2
Key in the radius e.g. 66.000 and click Apply.
A smooth horizontal alignment is thus created.
23
Step 3 Introduce the command Insert PI
In this command, you should identify the tangent

where you want to insert a PI. The specified tangent
and its associated curve sets are highlighted, and the
alignment is attached to the cursor.
Click Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Insert PI

Pick a point over the element; for example, pick the

first element of the alignment centre line as shown.
At the prompt: Identify Point/Reject
Specify the location of a new PI by keying in coordinates or by dragging the line graphically.
Accept the result by left click or reject to exit the command.
24
Step 4 Introduce the command Move PI
This command repositions horizontal point of

intersection and associated curve sets on the active
horizontal alignment.
Click Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Move PI

Pick a point over the element; for example, pick
the second element of the alignment centre line as
shown.
At the prompt: Identify Point/Reject
The alignment is attached to the

cursor. Pick a point and move to
the desirable position with the
radius unaltered.
You can also move the

starting point and the end
point of an alignment by using
this command.
25
2.04 Using Create/Edit Components to form an Alignment
Step 1 Add the command from Application Add-Ins.
Tools > Application Add-Ins
Step 2
Choose Create/Edit Components Add-In from the drop down 2
list and click OK.
You can browse the command from Geometry > Utilities >
Create/Edit Alignment by Components
Create a new horizontal alignment e.g. centre line 3 (refer to

2.01).
26
Step 3 Add a fixed linear element.
Click Add After and the Component Editor

There are 6 types of Component Definition:
will be appeared. 1) Fixed Linear
2) Floating Linear
3) Free Linear
4) Fixed Circular
5) Floating Circular
6) Free Circular
5
1
2
Click it and you

3 4 can pick up a
point from the
graph instead of
keying in the
coordinates.
Select Fixed Linear for Type and P1P2 for Solution.

You can type the coordinates of P1 and P2 or input by graphic.
Click OK after all inputs.
A Fixed Linear element is added in the command box. Then click Add After to add the second element.
27
Step 4 Add a floating circular element.
5
1
Select Floating Circular for Type and P3 Radius for 2
Solution.
Key in the radius e.g. -38.500 and the coordinates of 3

3rd Known (end point of the circular arc). 4
Click OK after inputs.
A Floating Circular element is added in the command box. Then click Add After to add the third element.
Step 5 Add a floating linear element.
1 4
Select Floating Linear for Type and P2 for solution. 2
Input the coordinates of 2nd Known (end point of the

linear element).
3
Click OK after inputs.
A Floating Linear element is

added in the command box.
Then click Add After to add
the forth element.
28
Step 6 Repeat Step 4 , complete the alignment by adding a floating circular element.
Select Floating Circular for Type and P3Radius for 5

1
Solution. 2
Key in the radius e.g. 66.000 and the coordinates of 3rd

Known (end point of the circular arc). 3
4
Click OK.
* The end point of an alignment must be added; therefore,

the Solution for Floating Circular must be P3 Radius or
P3 Direction. Any P1 solution is not possible.
A Floating Circular element is

added in the command box.
Step 7
After the input of all 4 elements,
click Apply.
All computed data is shown in the

command.
The alignment is computed and the

last element will be highlighted.
29
2.05 Using Import Geometry from Graphics to form an alignment
Step 1 Create a complex chain by MicroStation.
Step 2
Browse the command from File > Import > Geometry.
1
5
2 Step 3
In Import Geometry box, select From Graphic Tab and select
3
Horizontal Alignment for Type.
Key in the new name e.g. centre line 4, for the new alignment.
Make sure the Target Geometry Project is at the training file.

Then click Apply.
4
Step 4
Pick the complex chain that you want to import as the new
alignment.

Accept the result and a horizontal alignment is formed.
The horizontal alignment centre line 4 will be appeared under the geometry project training.
30
2.06 View (Display) an Alignment
Step 1 Set the alignment as active horizontal alignment.
Step 2 In Workspace bar, highlight it and then right click

to select View in sub-menu.
Or, select Geometry > View Alignment > Active Horizontal

from main menu.
The alignment will be appeared in the drawing file.
31
2.07 Review (Report) the Alignment
In Workspace bar, highlight the active horizontal alignment
and right click to select Review on sub-menu.
Or select Geometry > Review Horizontal from main menu.
Report window will be appeared.
The report displays the whole alignment

data or individual elements while choosing
Alignment /Element in Mode.
You can save the report as a text file by

using Save As or append to a text file by
using Append.
32
As you move along the alignment, the element is highlighted on the graphic.
33
2.08 Stationing Define the Beginning Station
This command allows you to define the initial station of an alignment, as well as equations for computing additional stations.
Browse the command from main menu

Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Stationing
2
Step 1
Choose the target alignment, e.g. centre line, from the drop down
list.
Key in the initial chainage, e.g. 0+00.000, for Starting Station.
Click Apply.
*You can also update the vertical alignment at the same time.
3 Step 2
To assign a prefix for an alignment, click New to start.
Step 3
1 3 In Add Station Equations dialog box, add CH as a prefix and click Apply.
34
A new equation is added in the list.
The result of adding stationing is shown on review alignment report.

CH is the prefix for all stations.
You can add not only a prefix but also a new equation for the alignment.
Repeat Step 2 and Step 3 ; add CH.A 0+00 from station 0+30. On
review alignment report, all station from 0+30 will be changed to CH.A
X+XX.
35
2.09 Cul de sac
Use the Cul de sac command to place a bulb cul de sac on an
alignment
Browse the command from main menu Geometry > Utilities >
Cul de sac
1
2
4 6 Step 1 Select Bulb for Type on Main tab.
Step 2 Key in the Radii, Widths, Offset and Tangents,

and then click Apply.
Step 3
At the prompt: Identify alignment/Reset
Pick the end of the alignment, e.g. centre line.
7
Step 4
At the prompt: Identify point/Reset for new alignment
Accept to produce a cul de sac or reject to choose another alignment.
A new alignment will be computed after you select an alignment point
and is displayed in the graph.
Step 5 At the prompt: Accept/Reject

Accept the solution and a new alignment is created.
You can try another type of Cul de sac.
36
Step 6
1 Select Offset for Type in Main tab.

2
3 Step 7
Key in the Radii, Widths and Tangents.
4 5
Step 8
You can enter the name and description of the new alignment in Advanced tab, and
then click Apply.
Step 9
Repeat the procedures Step 3 to Step 5 and produce an offset Cul de sac at
the end of the alignment.
When the solution is accepted, the new named alignment cul de

sac will be appeared under the active geometry project,
training.
37
2.10 Parallel Horizontal Alignment
Use the command to create an alignment parallel to the

existing alignment. As a result of the computation process,
lines and circles will maintain the specified offset. You can
identify the element to be copied parallel by using By
Element or specify the station (chainage) to be copied
parallel by using By Station.
Browse the command from Geometry > Utilities > Parallel

Horizontal Alignment
1 5
2 Step 1
When using Specify for Mode, the command copies parallel an
alignment to a certain offset distance.
3 Select the parent alignment, e.g. centre line, on From dialog box.
Key in the start and end station on Station Limits, click off the button to
4 copy the whole alignment.

Enter the offset distance, means left hand side of the alignment and
+ means right hand side.
Enter the alignment name e.g. LHS on To dialog box. Click Apply.
The new alignment LHS is New alignment LHS
created and displayed in the

graph.
38
Step 2
Using Interactive By Station for Mode to copy an alignment graphically in graph. Type 3
the new alignment name e.g. RHS in To dialog box. Click Apply. 1
At the prompt: Identify alignment 2

Pick the initial alignment e.g. centre line in graph. The alignment is highlighted and a
perpendicular line will be appeared.
At the prompt: Identify the first station/Key in station
Key in the chainage in command window, e.g. 0, or pick a point in the graph to identify it.
Original alignment
is highlighted.
Perpendicular line to
identify the chainage
of starting point
At the prompt: Identify the second station/Key in station

Key in the chainage in command window or pick a point in the graph to identify it as shown.

39
A parallel alignment will be appeared in the graph dynamically.
At the prompt: Identify location/key in offset

Key in offset, 5.0, in command window or pick the offset point in the graph.


Accept the solution and a new alignment is created.
New alignment
40
Step 3
Using Interactive By Element for Mode to copy an alignment graphically in graph.
Type the new alignment name in To dialog box. Click Apply. 3
At the prompt: Identify alignment

Pick the initial alignment e.g. centre line
in graph.
At the prompt: Identify the first element

Pick the first element of the initial
alignment
At the prompt: Identify the last element

Pick the last element of the initial
alignment.
A parallel alignment will be appeared in the graph dynamically.

At the prompt: Identify location/key in offset
Key in offset, e.g. 5.0, in command

window or pick the offset from the graph.

Accept the solution and a new alignment
is created.
41
2.11 Multi-Center Curve
This command provides an easy way to produce a curve at the road junction.
New alignment
named temp.
To use command in this task, you must add a new horizontal alignment, e.g. temp,
to provide a junction for the designed road.
Browse the command from Geometry > Utilities > Multicentre Curve
Step 1
Select One Centre from drop down list for Curve Type, key in the Radius,
Width 1 and Width 2.
*Width 1 refers to offset of the first alignment and Width 2 refers to the
second one.
Step 2
Name the alignment and define a vertical alignment (if any) for the new
curve in Advanced tab.
1 5
2
6
3 4
42
Step 3 Click Apply after all inputs.
Step 4
At the prompt: Identify first alignment
Pick alignment, e.g. temp.
Step 5
At the prompt: Identify second alignment
Pick another alignment, e.g. centre line.
Step 6
Accept the solution and a new alignment Curve 01 is produced
under the active geometry project Training.
43
Repeat Step 1 to Step 6 , you can try Two Centre curve and Three Centre curve by using this command.
44
2.12 Transpose Alignment
This command is for inverting the direction of an alignment.
The existing direction of alignment temp is 40-10-55.
Browse the command from Geometry > Utilities > Transpose.
Type the alignment name in dialog box or

click to choose alignment in graph.
Click Apply.
1 2
The direction of alignment temp is inverted.
45
2.13 Horizontal Event Point
This command allows you to define relationship of fixed points
and alignment.
Browse the command from Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Events
As an alignment is recomputed, a Station and

Offset event point is held while the northing
and easting coordinates are recomputed.
A Northing and Easting event point is held
while the station and offset coordinates update
as the alignment moves.
1 3
List out the station (chainage) and offset of a single point.

2 Step 1 Select Single Point from the drop down list for
Define By.
Step 2 Put in the coordinates.
Step 3 Click Apply.
The station (chainage), offsets and coordinates of that point will

be displayed in the bottom window.
1 3
List out the coordinates of a single station and offset.

Step 1 Select Single Station for Define By. 2
Step 2 Put in the station (chainage) and offset.
Step 3 Click Apply.
You can automatically add

event point(s) to the vertical
alignment at the same time
when click the button on.
46
1 5
You can also list out a set of stations and offsets.
2
Step 1 Select Multiple Station for Define By.
3 4 Step 2 Key in the Segment Distance or Number of

Segments, Start Station, Stop Station and Offsets.
Step 3 Click Apply after all points are added.
Click Report to display all points and it can be saved as a text file.
Event points can also be imported by graphical method.
Step 1 Fence the points in graph.
47
Step 2 Browse the Import Geometry command from File > Import > Geometry in main menu.
1 Step 3
2 6 Select From Graphics tab and Event Points for Type.
Make sure you are choosing the correct Target Geometry Project,
e.g. Training and centre line for Horizontal.
Step 4
Toggle on Use Fence. Then click Apply.
3
4
5
Browse Horizontal Events command and

check the results.
48
2.14 View Stationing
This command controls the display of station
annotation text along alignment. You can place
stations at a specified interval.
Browse the command from menu bar Geometry >

View Geometry > Stationing.
Step 1
Select an alignment from the Horizontal Alignment
drop down list, e.g. centre line.
Step 2
Enter the Station limit or click off this button for
using the whole alignment.
Step 3
Enter the value for Interval. It is the distance between major
stations.
1 Step 4
2 Click the object(s) of annotation under the Symbology box, e.g.
Major Ticks, Major Stations and Minor Ticks that you want to show
in graph.
3 Step 5
4
Edit the different tabs for your selections, e.g. Regular Stations for
Major and Minor Stations.
Step 6
Click Apply when completing all settings.
You can also load

preferences for different
styles. A Preferences dialog
box will be appeared after
clicking Preferences.
Choosing the preference,
e.g. Scale 500, and click
Load. Close the command
box afterwards.
6
49
The annotation will be displayed as shown:
Zoom in the first part of the alignment:
50
Chapter 3
Longitudinal Profile & Vertical Alignment Computation

A Vertical alignment is in dependence of the horizontal alignment; each horizontal alignment can have multiple vertical alignments.
A horizontal alignment must exist before a vertical alignment can be defined. To interactively create a vertical alignment, a profile
window based on the parent horizontal alignment must be defined.
3.01 Generating a Profile along an Alignment
Create a vertical alignment under the active horizontal alignment.
Step 1
Browse the New command from File > New.
Or in Workspace Bar, highlight Geometry Project, and then

right click to select New in sub-menu.
Step 2
In New box, select Vertical Alignment from drop down menu for Type in
Geometry tab. Name the vertical alignment, e.g. centre line, and click
Apply.
A new vertical alignment is created under the

active horizontal alignment. Before adding
data to the vertical alignment, you must
create a profile for it.
51
Step 3
Browse the command from menu bar Elevation > Profile
> Create Profile
The Create Profile command box will be appeared. It shows in a tree and leaf structure.
You can define the exaggeration of the profile and add surface data line to it in the General leaf.
1
2
There are many settings for the symbology and appearance in a profile. It is
recommended to use a Preference for creating a standard outlook.
Click Preferences to browse its command box.

Select the target preference, e.g. sect1000, and click Load.
Then Close the command box and back to the Create Profile command.
52
In Controls leaf, set the Elevation limit for the profile at a suitable range, e.g. the elevation range of existing surface.
Define the Station limit of the profile, click off the button to show the whole alignment.
An Example will be shown on the top right corner of the command window. Click Apply after all settings.
3
1
At the prompt: Identify location

Pick a point in the graph, preferably not too closed to the horizontal alignment. The vertical profile, including the surface data line,
will be created.
Existing ground Profile
53
3.02 Create a Vertical Alignment by Add Vertical PI
Using Add Vertical PI to input the PI (point of intersection) points.
Browse the command from Geometry > Vertical Curve Set > Add PI.
Step 1 Click Apply in the command box.

At the prompt: Identify point / Reject
Step 2 Key in se=0,XXX in the command window or pick a point from the profile.
* se = station, elevation.
54
Step 3
You can place the floating line in the
profile.
It is recommended to enter the specify chainage and elevation for the end point of vertical alignment. For example, type
se=267.255,155.685 in the command window in order to fixed the end point of the vertical alignment.
55
3.03 Introduce command Insert PI
This command places a point of intersection between two existing
points of intersection in the active vertical alignment.
Browse the command from Geometry > Vertical Curve Set > Insert PI
Step 1 Click Apply.

Pick an element of the vertical alignment in the profile. A floating line is appeared according to the cursor.
Step 2
You can place a point in the profile or key in precisely, e.g. se = XXX,XXX.
The alignment is revised.
At the prompt: Accept overall solution/Reject
Left click to accept the result and right click to reject the result then you can select another element for inserting a point.
Right click twice to exist the command.
56
3.04 Introduce command Move PI
This command repositions points of intersection in the active
vertical alignment.
Browse the command from

Geometry > Vertical Curve Set >Move PI
Step 1 Click Apply.

Pick an element of the vertical alignment in the profile. The floating lines are moving according to the cursor.
Step 2
Select the PI point in the vertical alignment you want to move.
You can place the floating point in the profile or key in precisely, e.g. se = XXX,XXX .
Left click to accept the result and right click to reject the result then you can select another element for moving a point.
Right click twice to exist the command.
57
3.05 Introduce command Delete PI
This command removes points of intersection and the associated
vertical curves from the active vertical alignment.
Browse the command from Geometry > Vertical Curve Set >Delete PI
Step 1 Click Apply.

Step 2 Select the element in the vertical alignment you want to delete.
That PI point would be deleted and shown in the profile.
Left click to accept the result and right click to reject it.
58
3.06 Using Define Curve
This command creates and modifies a curve in the active vertical
alignment.
Browse the command from

Geometry > Vertical Curve Set > Define Curve
When the command activates, the first and second tangent lines will be
highlighted in the profile.
For defaulting, the position of the current PI will be appeared

in command box under the Vertical PI group.
You can define the PVI, (Point of Vertical Intersection), in

four ways:
1) Station and Elevation,
2) Station and Entrance Grade,
3) Station and Exit Grade, and
4) Entrance and Exit Grade.
The input data will be changed for different methods.
The vertical curve can be calculated in six methods:

1) Length of Curve, input vertical curve length
2) r, r = (g2-g1)/L
3) Middle Ordinate, input distance for middle ordinate
4) Pass- through, a specify station and elevation
5) K value, K = L/(g2-g1), and
6) Unsymmetrical length, input left and right length for
vertical curve.
59
Step 1
Select Station and Entrance Grade for Define PVI By.
1 6
Key in the Station (Chainage), e.g. CH 0+60, and the
Entrance gradient, e.g. 6.0% 2
Step 2 3
Select Length of Curve for Calculate By.
Put in the Length, e.g. 30.000 and click Apply.
4
5
Old vertical alignment
New vertical curve with length 30.00m
InRoads computes a curve and displays the message:

Successful completion.
Click Next for the subsequent PI point.
60
The second and third tangent lines will be highlighted in the profile.
Step 3
Select Station and Exit Grade for Define PVI By. 1 6
Key in the Station (Chainage), e.g. CH 0+160, and the Exit 2

gradient, e.g. 6.0%
Step 4 3
Select Length of Curve for Calculate By.
Put in the Length of Vertical Curve, e.g. 30.000 and click 4
Apply. 5
InRoads computes a curve and displays the message: Successful completion.
The vertical alignment is thus completed.
61
3.07 Review (Report) the Vertical Alignment
The report of the vertical alignment, like horizontal alignment, can be obtained by
highlighting the vertical alignment on workspace bar and right click to browse the
sub-menu. Select Review to browse the report.
Alternate method for viewing the report of the vertical alignment:

Geometry > Review Vertical
In Review Vertical Alignment

window, you can toggle Alignment
or Element in Mode for reporting
either the whole alignment or one
element.
While toggling Element on, you can

click Next/Previous to view element
and it will be highlighted in the
profile.
The report can be saved as a text file

when you click Save As.
62
3.08 Annotate Profile & Vertical Annotation
Annotate Profile allows you to add textual and

graphical information to profiles, including
stationing values, proposed and existing elevation,
superelevation and curvature diagrams.
Browse the command from Elevation > Profile >

Annotate Profile
The command shows in a tree and leaf structure.
1
3
2 4 5
You can load a

preference for
your setting.
Step 1
Select the target Profile Set, e.g.
centre line from the drop down list.
A surrounding box would highlight
the selected profile set.
63
Step 2
In General leaf, identify the Vertical Alignment, Surface, Cant Alignment (if any) and Corridor (if any) for the source of annotation.
Step 3
Decide whether the Event points are to be included in the annotation
Step 4
Enter the distance for Interval.
Step 5
In Selection leaf, select the items from the Available list and Add it to the Selected list.
Then, define the corresponding parameters for the item selected. The parameter settings can vary for each entry in the list.
2 3 4
Step 6
In Frame leaf, set the parameter for frame offset, title width, tick offset and direction, etc.
You can see the

Example on the top
right corner of the
command box.
1
Click Apply after all
settings.
64
The annotation box is shown under the profile.
Zoom in for details.
You can also annotate the

horizontal alignment and
vertical alignment under the
same profile.
65
Vertical Annotation allows you to display and annotate vertical point and alignment information, such as tangent grade and vertical
curve information. Different from Annotate Profile, it only annotates the data of vertical alignment; any profile data or horizontal
alignment information is not included in this command. The annotation is placed in the alignment and not in profile window.
Browse the command from Geometry > View Geometry > Vertical Annotation.
1
2
3
4
Step 1 5
Select the Horizontal Alignment, Vertical Alignment & Profile
Set in the Main tab.
Step 2
State the Limits for annotation, click off the Station button to
annotate the whole alignment.
*You can load a existing preferences for the your setting.
66
1 Step 3
3 To display the point data, select the item you want to annotate in
Symbology list under Points tab.
Edit the corresponding parameters by selecting the Point Type list.
Put in the length of Leaders (if any).
1 Step 4
3 To display the curve data, select the item you want to annotate in
Symbology list under Curve tab.
4 Edit the corresponding parameters by select the Category list.

Toggle on the data that you want to annotate, e.g. Length (of the
curve).
Step 5
To display the tangent data, select the item you want to annotate in
Symbology list under Tangents tab.
Toggle on the data that you want to annotate, e.g. Grade (of the
tangent).
Click Apply after all settings.

4
67
The annotation is displayed along the vertical alignment in the profile window.
Zoom in for details:
68
3.09 Vertical Event Points
Similar to Horizontal Event Points, it shows the
relationship between station (chainage) and elevations.
You can import a Single Station (chainage) or a set of

stations by selecting Multiple Station for Define By.
Browse the command from Geometry > Vertical Curve Set

> Events.
Step 1
1 For Single Station, key in the Station and click Apply. The station
3
and elevation will be added in the bottom of the command.
2
Toggle on Add Horizontal Event Points button, that station with

offset distance 0.000m will also be added as a horizontal event
point.
69
1 Step 2
4 For Multiple Station, key in the Start station, Stop station and
2
Segment Distance, and then click Apply.
Click Report to browse the Results window, which list out all
5 results.
You can save the report as a

text file by clicking Save As
and display the report on
drawing file by clicking
Display.
70
Chapter 4
Template Library
Template Library
Template Library, known as Typical Section Library in SelectCad. A template is comprised of a series of points and
components that represent breakline features which are later proceeded using the Roadway Designer. Roadway features that
have been processed are saved in the design surface. Templates are now stored in a template library (*.itl).
4.01 Create Template Library
Select Templates tab in workspace bar, highlight Template Library and right click to
browse the sub-menu. Select New to browse the Save template library As dialog box.
In Save Template Library As box, type the file name for your template library, e.g.
Inroads_2004_training and click Save. An empty template library is created.
Browse Create Template dialog box from Modeler.

This command box is to create, edit, manage, and preview roadway templates.
71
Template Library
This chapter will set up a typical section for the access road.
The typical section for access road:
Details of road surface:
72
Template Library
4.02 Introduce Folder, Template, Components and Points
Template Library area contains a Window like folder structure. Only one template library may be opened at a time. Inside
any folder, you can create and organize your templates and sub-folders. The organization of the folder structure is completely
user definable. It also supports common Windows function, like drag and drop, cut and paste, etc.
Templates are made up of components. A component is a set of points that define an open or closed shape. Each component,
whether open or closed, can represent a different material or area of interest. Components are named and have an assigned
feature style. During the roadway design process, template components are used to generate a DTM of the top layer of the
design. Components that have subgrade points are added to the DTM as non-triangulated points. A template can be constructed
of numerous components. Components can be organized into the Template Library folder structure which are to be used as
parts to assemble a complete template.
Template points of a template represent breakline features that will be created when the template is processed using the
Roadway Designer command. Points have names and feature styles; there is no limit to the number of points in a template.
The coordinate point (0,0) in the template defines where the horizontal and vertical alignments attach to form a model of the
roadway.
The following chapters will set up a simple template library consists of folders with road surface, footpath and side slope
option. Then, a complete template with the drag and drop function is created.
Step 1
To create a folder, click File > New > Folder.
Or right-click in Template Library area, select New > Folder.
The Point Names List is used to store

Template Point Names and their associated
Styles. This allows you to select the Template
Point Names from a pick-list during
component creation or point renaming.
73
Template Library
Step 2
Edit the folder name, e.g. road surface.
Repeat Step 1 , create a new template, e.g. 3m road width, under the folder road
surface.
The current template, 3m road width, is signified by a red box surrounding the template icon. The main template graph appears
in the centre of the dialog box. The Dynamic Origin is marked with a violet box. It is used as reference point and can be moved
to any location in the graph.
Template Library
area: a red box
surrounding the
template icon Dynamic Origin
signifies the
current template.
Main Graph
74
Template Library
Step 3
Browse the Dynamic Settings dialog.
The Dynamic Settings dialog is used for precise input of the template components and to assign point names and point styles
when creating components. Selecting Tools > Dynamic or using the view control icons located below the current template
window to access it.
The Dynamic Settings also serves as a compass

for the location of your cursor with respect to
the dynamic origin. It can be moved by using
the Set Dynamic Origin button that located at
the bottom of the dialog box.
Step, just like the Grid Lock in MicroStation, specifies the horizontal (x) and vertical
(y) steps increment. If the value is non-zero, then the cursor moves to the increment
of the specified values as measured from the dynamic origin.
The key-in pull down specified the type of key in to be performed.

1. xy = key in absolute coordinates
2. dl = key in delta coordinates from last point placed.
3. hs = key in horizontal delta distance and slope from last point placed
4. vs = key in vertical delta distance and slope from last point placed.
5. ol = key in delta coordinates from dynamic origin
6. os = key in horizontal delta distance and slope from dynamic point.
You can add component(s) in the template now.
75
Template Library
4.03 Add Simple Component
Step 1
Select Add > Simple from menu bar.
Or, right click to browse the sub-menu on

Main Graph, select Add New Component >
Simple.
A simple component represents a section of pavement. It is a closed parallelogram (4 points) that is defined by the slope and
thickness.
1 2
3 As you add template components, the

current component area allows for different
types of component input.
Step 2
Type the name of the component, e.g. 3m, in Name field. You have to choose the (feature) Style of the component from the
drop down list. Enter the data (Slope, Thickness and Width) of the component to define its shape.
Step 3
Choose xy as the input method in Dynamic Settings and enter the value 0,0 for defining the position of the component.
Once enter the position on Dynamic Settings dialog, the component is created.
76
Template Library
Right clicking in the folders and templates can
access most of the common commands.
Right-click different positions can browse
different sub-menu. It is the easiest way to access
the commands when edit the template
components and template points.
Right-click on
Main Graph
Right-click on
Template Library
Right-click when cursor moves

closed to component
Step 4
Right click in the component, select Edit Component from the sub-menu.
Component usually relate to the template

origin. The drop down list of the Parent
Component is used to choose the other
component that the current one related to.
That will affect the position of the
component if the parent component moves.
Click OK after edit the Name and Style of the 1 2

component.
77
Template Library
4.04 Edit Template Points
When a simple component is created, the template points are created and named automatically. Template point names represent
the names of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) features that are generated when the template is used to create a model of the
roadway. Use the Point Properties dialog box to specify template point properties, e.g. name, feature style and constraint etc.
Step 1
Select a point in component in Main
Graph, and then right click to browse the
sub-menu.
Click Edit Point to browse Point

Properties dialog box.
Step 2
Enter the new point name, e.g. centerline, in
Name box. Select its Feature Style from the
pull down list. You can check the point in
1 3 which component(s) belong to in the list of
Member of.
2
4
Step 3
Click Apply to change the properties and
then click Next moves to other point.
The types of constraints at a point can

be None, Horizontal, Horizontal
Maximum, Horizontal Minimum,
Vertical, Vertical Maximum, Vertical
Minimum, Slope, Vector Offset, Project
to Surface or Project to Design
1 3
2
Step 4
Repeat Step 2 , edit the name and feature style of
the next point.
Constraints shows how the point is related to other

points. Edit Constraints if necessary.
Click Apply after the editing.
78
Template Library
Step 5
Repeat Step 2 again. Edit the remaining points.
1 The point name must be unique to the template.

3
Assign a name for a template point is useful for
2 further control in Roadway Designer.
1
3
2
Points are related together. Change the constraints
of a point can affect the position of the feature
while generating DTM by processing Roadway
Designer.
Click Constraints button in Display

area to review points constraints. A
plus sign shows full constraints of the
points and the blue line shows the
dominant point.
In this example, no relationship

between point centerline and
subbase Hinge. Therefore, the
position of point subbase Hinge is
only affected by the point Hinge.
79
Template Library
Step 6
Repeat the pervious procedures; create a folder,
e.g. FP, and a template, e.g. 2.5m, for template
of footpath.
Step 7
Add a component named kerb with Thickness
0.125m and Width 0.125m.
Step 8
Add another component named FP with Thickness
0.2m and Width 2.375m next to kerb.
Step 9
Insert a point in the component kerb.
Move the cursor to the bottom line of kerb, and

right click to browse the sub-menu and select
Insert Point.
Place the cursor in point 1, enter 0,-0.075 in
2 3
Dynamic Settings dialog box to specify the delta
1
coordinates dl.
A new point 2is created with vertical

offset 0.075m from point 1.
80
Template Library
Step 10
Edit the point name and its feature style accordingly.
1 4
Step 11
Since the template point will become a breakline feature in
the surface, a vertical segment is not accepted. You have to
2 provide horizontal offset, say 10mm, to separate the

breaklines in surface.
3
In this case, 0.010m is assigned to point kerbTop for the
horizontal offset from Hinge point.
Step 12
You can also relocate the point in Point Properties dialog box. For point subbase FP, change the vertical constraint
from 0.125 to 0.200. That point will meet the other template point (5_R) of component FP.
81
Template Library
Step 13
You can merge points between different
components. Place the cursor near the
common point and right click to browse
the sub-menu. 1
Select Merge Points and then a Delete

Point dialog is appeared showing names
of 2 points. Select one point to delete
and the remaining point will be belonged
2
to two components.
Step 14
You can also change the Parent Component in
Component Properties in order to organize the template
much easier.
In this example, component kerb is the Parent

Component of FP.
82
Template Library
4.05 Add End Condition
An end condition is a special open-shaped component that targets a surface, a feature of a surface, an elevation, or an
alignment (replacing the former Cut/Fill, Material, and Decision tables). The integrity of end conditions can now be routinely
tested when the roadway template is being created.
Step 1
Repeat the procedures in 4.02; create a folder, e.g. Side Slope Option, and a template,
e.g. Cut Option 1, for template of side slope.
Step 2
Right click in Main Graph to browse
the sub menu. Select Add New
Component > End Condition.
Step 3
Name Cut for the new component and choose a (feature) Style for it.
Select Surface as the Target Type and <Active> for Surface. If you know or fix the name of surface, you can type it in this box.
5 6
1 2
3
4
Step 4
Enter 0,0 for the
position of the component in Dynamic Settings.
83
Template Library
Step 5
Enter 11.25,7.5 as the offset from the first
A line with starting point 0,0 is drawn in the main graph.
point to define the position of the next
point.
The second point is defined.
Step 6
Enter 1.5,0 as the offset from the second
point to define the position of the third
point.
The third point is defined.
Step 7 Repeat Step 5 and Step 6 to complete 4 berms for the side slope.
84
Template Library
Since the last gradient of side slope is 1:1, enter 20,20 as the offset from the pervious point to
define the position of the last point.
After the last point is produced,

select Finish by right click >
sub-menu.
The template cut option 1 is finished. You

can check and edit the component in
Component Properties.
Repeat Step 1 to Step 7 , you can

create a template for fill slope and a
template with cut slope which contains
target of fixed elevation 156m.
85
Template Library
4.06 Function Test
One of the new features of the create template tool is the ability to test the side slope conditions and to observe if the desired
result is achieved.
Step 1
Under Main Graph in Create Template window, select Test.
The Test End Conditions window is

appeared.
Step 2
Select <Active> Surface in Available
Targets list.
Step 3
Click Draw then a white line (target line)
would be appeared.
Move the cursor to the view and move it

up and down, the cut slope changes as the
line is raised and lowered.
You can enter different percentages in the

Use Surface Slope to test the template.
Close the Test End Conditions window
when finished.
86
Template Library
4.07 Create Template by Drag and Drop
From 4.02 to 4.05, you have created 3 folders with templates of road surface, footpath and side slope respectively. To assemble
a complete template (is shown in the beginning of this chapter) for the access road, simply drag and drop any previously
created template components from the Preview window into the graph, the current template is displayed.
Step 1
Create an empty template, e.g. typical section 01, in the template library. Highlight the template 3m road surface then it will
be shown in Preview area.
Current template is highlighted by a red box around the template icon.
Preview area shows

the highlighted
template, which is
used to form a
completed template by
drag and drop.
Step 2
Place the cursor of the mouse in template 3m road width in template
library area.
Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse to the main
graph, still holding the left mouse button down.
Step 3
While the cursor in the main graph and the left mouse
button is still holding, right click at the same time.
A sub-menu is browsed; select Mirror with the left

mouse button.
87
Template Library
The component is copied in a mirror and both are
appeared in the graph. You can now release the mouse
buttons.
Step 4
Move the cursor to the violet box in the graph and click to place the components. You can
also enter 0,0 in Dynamic Settings dialog to define the position precisely.
The drag and drop of road surface for the template

typical section 01 is completed.
Step 5
Use Edit > Undo for any unsuccessful steps in the
previous procedures.
Step 6
Repeat Step 2 , placed the cursor in template 2.5m in template library area. Hold down the left mouse button and drag the
mouse to the main graph.
Step 7
As you select Mirror in Step 3 , you
are still in the Mirror mode. Move the
cursor to the point Hinge_R and the
components will snap to that point
automatically.
Left click to accept the position.
The components are placed in the

template typical section 01.
88
Template Library
When combining two components together, two separate components are produced with a vertical segment dividing the
components.
Step 8
Move the cursor over the vertical segment
and right click. Then select Merge
Components from sub-menu.
The vertical segment is disappeared. Two

components (of road surface) become one.
Step 9
Edit the components Name, Description (if any)
and its Parent Component respectively.
In this example, the Parent Component of

kerb_R is 3m.
The Parent Component of FP_R is kerb_R.
89
Template Library
Step 10
Copy the template typical section 1 to a new template typical section 2 as shown..
Highlight the A new template is copied.

current template
and select Copy
Select Paste.
by right click.
Rename the template.
Step 11 Add the side slope option in template typical section 2.

Repeat Step 2 , placed the cursor in template cut option 1 in template library area. Hold down the left mouse button and
drag the mouse to the main graph.
Repeat Step 3 , right click to browse the sub-menu and select Reflect.
*Since the template

Cut Option 1 is
created in the RHS of
side slope, reflecting the
template is necessary.
Move the cursor to the point Slope_L, the end point of component FP in LHS of the template, and the components will snap
to that point automatically. Left click to accept the position.
90
Template Library
Step 12
Repeat the above steps to finish the template as shown.
Step 13
Since there are 2 options (cut and fill) on the side
slope, you have to decide their Priority.
Priority specifies the order in which end

conditions are attempted in seeking a solution.
Use Component Properties to edit the end

condition component. Edit the Name of cut slope
and select its Parent Component. Identify the
Priority of the component, e.g. 1 for cut slope
component.
Since the cut slope is identified as the first

priority, the fill slope would be the second one.
Enter 2 in the Priority field in Component
Properties.
Benching Count is used for uniform

slope. If this value is 0, then the repeat
count is unlimited, and the benching End
Condition must find its target for
validity. If any other number is entered,
the benching is repeated for the specified
count.
The typical sections for access road are thus

completed.
91
Template Library
4.08 Display Template
This command draws the template in the drawing file according to
your specifications.
Step 1
Highlight template and right click to browse the sub-menu.
Select Display to browse Display Template command.
1
5
2
3
Step 2
Enter the value of Vertical Exaggeration and click Use
Alternate Slope if used.
Step 3
Specify the Precision units in Display Controls.
Step 4
Click the items that you want to display on plan under
Symbology list.
Step 5
4
Click a point on graph; the template is drawn on plan view.
92
Template Library
4.09 Import Template from Graphic
This command provides the alternate method for creating template (typical section). Before using this command, you have to
prepare the typical section in MicroStation. The line must be drawn in complex line string and shape. You can import not only
the components of t he template but also the end conditions at the same time. After importing the graphic as a template,
points and components editing is necessary.
The template in MicroStation is shown:
Zoom in for the details:
93
Template Library
Step 1
Select the graphical template by using Element Selection in MicroStation.
Step 2
In Create Template command, click File > Import Template.
The Import Template from Graphics command is appeared.
1 5
2
3
4
Step 3
Specifies the Style of the template from the pull down list. It will be applied to all other components.
Step 4
Choose the Type of template that is imported. There are three types: Template, End Conditions, Template and End Conditions.
Step 5
State the Vertical Exaggeration of Graphics and the Minimum Chord Length of Curved Elements if there are curved elements
in the graphical template.
Step 6
94
Template Library
The graphical elements are imported and a new template is formed with the name New Template 1.
Editing the template points and

components is necessary.
95
Chapter 5
Roadway Designer
Roadway Designer
The Roadway Designer combines alignments, surfaces and templates to create a model of the roadway. It is also where the
superelevation is created and applied to the design. This chapter will create a simple model along the horizontal and vertical
alignments centre line which are formed in Chapter 2 and 3 and the template typical section 1 and typical section 2
which are formed in Chapter 4.
5.01 Create Roadway Designer

Like Template Library, right click Roadway Designer in Workspace Bar
and select New to browse the Save Roadway Design As dialog box.
Name for your new roadway design file, e.g. inroads_2004_training and
click Save. The file extension is .ird. Only one Roadway Designer file
may be opened at a time.
Or, you can browse the Roadway Designer dialog box from main
menu: Modeler > Roadway Designer.
The Roadway Designer command dialog is appeared.

Click File > New to create a new roadway file.
96
Roadway Designer
The Roadway Designer dialog has three viewing areas (4 views when superelevation is displayed). They represent the plan,
profile and cross section views of the design. The views only show what is related to the roadway design, but not what is
displayed in the MicroStation design file.
Menu Bar
Command Icon
Plan View
Cross Section View
Profile View
97
Roadway Designer
5.02 Corridor Management
The first step in roadway design is to create a corridor for it. This command
defines the horizontal and vertical alignments of a roadway designer.
Click Corridor > Corridor Management to browse the command.
1 4 5
2 6
A corridor is defined as alignment or surface feature. Optionally,

you can specify the corridor is only along a portion of the alignment
by specifying start and stop stations. For a feature, start and stop
stations refer to the length along the feature.
Step 1
Input the Name of the corridor, e.g. road type 1.
Plan view
Step 2
Define Alignment as the Type of the corridor. Select the Horizontal and
Vertical Alignments, e.g. centre line, from the pull down list.
Step 3
Define the Limits of the alignment. Click off the button to apply the Horizontal alignment
whole alignment.
Vertical alignment
Step 4
Profile view
Click Add then a new corridor is added under the Corridors list.
Closed the command then the horizontal alignment and vertical

alignments are appeared in the plan view and profile view respectively.
98
Roadway Designer
5.03 Template Drops
This command is used to assign previously created templates to specific
stations in a corridor.
Select Corridor > Template Drops to browse the command.
1 6
2
3
Step 1
Select the target Corridor from the pull down list.
Step 2
State the Station of the alignment for template to be started.
Step 3
Enter the Interval for roadway corridor.
Step 4
Browse the template library that is created in Chapter 4.
Step 5
Select template typical section 01 for the station. The current template is shown in the preview window.
Step 6
Click Add then the template drops will be added to the Current Template Drops list.
99
Roadway Designer
The template will be appeared in the cross section view.
Step 7
Enter CH 1+35 for the Station in using template typical section 02 and
Add this selection for the second template drop.
3
1
4
Click Edit to open the template editor

(Create Template command) which
allows you to edit the selected
template. This button is available
only when a single template drop is
selected in the list view. These
changes affect only the current
template drop and are not moved
Synchronize with library reloads the templates from the back into the library.
library. Any edits made to the templates in the Roadway
Designer are lost.
Step 8
Close the command box and return to the Roadway Designer window.
Blue box in the plan view

shows the transition
between templates.
Current Template:
typical section 01
Template drops
are shown in
brown line
Yellow line indicates

the current station. In
this view, it is 0+00.
Active Surface:
Existing ground profile
100
Roadway Designer
By moving the station, the template and its cut and fill slopes (if any) will be changed in the cross section view.
The active surface in

cross section view is
changed according to the
station move.
Move the
yellow line
to CH 0+40
Move the yellow line

to CH 1+40, where the
template typical
section 02 is applied. Cut and fill slopes are
produced.
Check the cut slope
meets a fixed elevation
of 156m and the fill
slope meets the active
surface: existing ground
profile.
Two cut slopes are produced.

Check the RHS cut slope meets a
fixed elevation 156m and the LHS
cut slope meets the active surface:
existing ground profile.
Move the
yellow line to
CH 2+32
101
Roadway Designer
5.04 Point Controls
Point controls are used to override the normal locations of one or more points or components in a template (typical
section). This command is used to manage horizontal and vertical controls. These controls are override existing constraints (in
template library) on the point.
In the pervious chapter, the road width of the templates is set up as 3m for each side. You have to extend the road width to meet
the alignments LHS, RHS and cul de sac respectively.
Point Hinge_L Point Hinge_R
Click Corridor > Point Controls to

browse the command.
3m 3m
Step 1
7 Select the Point, e.g. Hinge_L,
5
1 from the pull down list.
2
Step 2
3 6 Select the control Mode:
4 Horizontal, Vertical or Both.
Step 3
Specify the Control Type. The
selection box or field is
displayed depends on the Mode
and Control Type. In this
example, select Alignment for
the type.
Step 4
Select the alignment LHS for
the point Hinge_L as the
horizontal control line.
Step 5
Specify the Start and Stop station for the control in Station Limits.
Step 6
Specify the Start and Stop offsets in the Horizontal Offsets.
Step 7
Click Add then a new control is added to the Horizontal and Vertical Controls list.
102
Roadway Designer
In the cross section view, the LHS of the template is
widened from 3m to 5m. It meets the alignment LHS.
Hinge_L
5m
Step 8
Repeat the procedures from Step 1 to Step 7 , add a horizontal control to point Hinge_R.
5 7
1
2
If the Mode is Horizontal or Both,
valid control types are Alignment,
3 6
Feature or Corridor Point.
4
If the Mode is Vertical, valid
control types are Alignment,
Feature, Corridor Point,
Superelevation, Cant, Elevation
Difference, Elevation and Grade.
Hinge_R
In the cross section view, the RHS of the template is

widened from 3m to 5m. It meets the alignment RHS.
5m
103
Roadway Designer
Since there is a cul de sac placed at the end of the
road, you have to add one more horizontal control
on the RHS of the road.
Step 9
Repeat the procedures from Step 1 to Step 7 ,
add a horizontal control to point Hinge_R.
5 7
1
2
6
3
4
In the cross section view, the width of RHS of the road in

the template varies to meet the alignment cul de sac.
Hinge_R
Varied width
104
Roadway Designer
5.05 Add Superelevation by Create Single Control Line
Superelevation is used to control the cross slope of roadways in horizontal curves and spirals. Superelevation control lines
represent a cross slope rate (%). This rate is multiplied by the distance from the reference point (point centerline in the
templates) to the point being superelevated (point Hinge_L and Hinge_R in the templates) to obtain a height
difference. This height difference is then added to the pivot point elevation to obtain the controlled points new elevation. In
the Roadway Designer command, superelevation control lines can be created and then used as vertical point controls to control
the elevation of a point relative to another point in the cross section.
In the Roadway Designer command, click the Display Superelevation button on the bottom right of the command box.
The window will be divided into 4 views. The plan view and cross section view are denoted by colors. As a superelevation
control line is added, the color for the appropriate section is changed. A single control line for superelevation is created in the
superelevation diagram.
Plan view Profile view
Cross section view Superelevation diagram
In this chapter, you have to create 2 control lines consists of LHS and RHS. They represent the cross fall for the road surface.
The data are listed as following:
LHS RHS
Station (Chainage) Cross Fall Station (Chainage) Cross Fall
CH 0+00.000 -3.000% CH 0+00.000 -3.000%
CH 0+78.000 -3.000% CH 0+48.000 -3.000%
CH 0+88.000 -5.000% CH 0+88.000 5.000%
CH 1+51.000 -5.000% CH 1+51.000 5.000%
CH 1+91.000 3.000% CH 1+91.000 -3.000%
CH 2+67.255 3.000% CH 2+67.255 -3.000%
105
Roadway Designer
Step 1
Right click in the superelevation display window,
select Create Single Control Line to browse the
command.
Step 2
1 3 Type the name, e.g. LHS, in the Name box.

Enter the Normal Crown, e.g. 3%, for the control line and click
OK.
The dialog box is closed and a control line

is displayed in the window.
Step 3
Right click in the control line, select Insert
point to insert the superelevation points into
the control line.
106
Roadway Designer
The Dynamic Settings dialog box is appeared. Like the Dynamic Settings in Create
Template command, set the Step inside the dialog box to specify the chainage and
percentage increment.
While you move the cursor in the window, the Station and Cross Slope in Dynamic
Settings are changed.
Step 4
Placed the cursor on CH 0+88 and 5.0%, then
left click in mouse to insert a point in control line.
Step 5
Place the subsequent points accordingly. Then
right click to select Finish to exit the command.
107
Roadway Designer
As the cross fall of the end point is set to 3.0% (%
of Normal Crown in Create Superelevation Control
command in Step 2 ), you have to change the
percentage of the point.
Step 6
Place the cursor over the end point, then right click
and select Edit Point.
Step 7
In the Superelevation Point Properties command, change the
Cross Slope from 3.000% to 3.000% and click Apply. The
point on the control line is changed.
Step 8
If you lost one point in the pervious steps, repeat Step 3
to Step 5 for inserting point(s).
The control line for LHS is thus completed.
108
Roadway Designer
After the superelevation control line has been created, you can create the point control.
Click Corridor > Point Controls to browse the command.
6 7
1
2
3
4
5
Step 9
Select the point Hinge_L where the cross falls is applied. Select Vertical for Mode and Superelevation for the Control Type
respectively. Select the new control line LHS and identify point centerline (in templates) as the Reference Point. State the
Start and Stop station limits and click Apply.
The color for the appropriate sections is changed in the plan view and cross section view. The percentage of cross fall is also
displayed in the cross section view.
109
Roadway Designer
Step 10
Control Line LHS Repeat Step 1 , create a control line for RHS of
the road.
New Control Line named RHS
Step 11
You can use Superelveation Display List dialog
box to manage which control lines to be
displayed.
Right click the blank area in the window and

select Superelevation Display List from the sub
menu.
Highlight RHS in the Available list and click

Apply. The window displays the control line
RHS only.
Step 12
Repeat Step 3 to Step 7 ,
finish the control line RHS.
Eventually, you can redisplay all

control lines in the window.
110
Roadway Designer
Step 13
Repeat Step 9 , add the superelevation control line RHS for the point Hinge_R as a vertical control.
6 7
1
2
3
4
5
Once the control line is added into the list, the color for the appropriate sections is changed in the plan view and cross section
view. The percentages of cross-falls are also displayed in the cross section view.
111
Roadway Designer
Step 14
You can generate an XML report of the superelevated points
and/or their corresponding control lines.
Browse the command window from Superelevation >

Superelevation Report.
The Roadway Design Superelevation Report command is

appeared.
3
Step 15
1
Select All Procedded Stations to report all points in
control lines.
2 Step 16
Click the control line(s) to be reported in the Available
list.
Step 17
Click Apply then the XML report is produced.
112
Roadway Designer
5.06 Create Surface
This command combines the Corridor and Template Drops data to create a surface
model of the Roadway Design. If the corridor is processed to meet an existing surface,
that surface must be opened and set as active surface.
Select Corridor > Create Surface to browse the command.
Step 1
Select the appropriate options.
Creates a surface for each

corridor, when checked
on. Each surface is given
the name of the
corresponding corridor.
Empties the existing surface,

when checked on.
Creates features for the null points

in the templates, when checked on.
Creates an exterior boundary

feature for the surface.
Indicates the processing along horizontal

and vertical curves is at a closer interval.
Triangulate the new surface.
Step 2 Transverse features are

Select the corridor(s) which are processed for surface added to the surface at
each station processed.
creation.
Step 3
Click Apply then the surface is created.
Template points, which have

been included in Alternate
Surface option, are added to an
alternate surface. Points and
surface name can be defined in
the Create Template > Edit
Point > Point Properties
Remove loops created command.
in linear features as well
as to trim transverse
Workspace bar features to prevent
overlap of the features.
113
Roadway Designer
The triangles of surface road type 1 are shown
in plan view.
The triangles of surface road type 1 are shown in isometric view.
The contours of surface road

type 1 are shown.
114
Chapter 6
Volume Computation
Volume Computation
6.01 By Triangle Volume Method
Using triangulated surface to compute the earthwork volume.
Browse the command from Evaluation

> Volumes > Triangle Volume.
Step 1
Decide which Mode (Entire Surface, Fence or Selected
Shape) for volume computation. 4
1
Step 2 2
Select Original Surface (usually existing ground profile)
and Design Surface (usually formation profile, finished
profile) from the drop down list.
Step 3
Click Add then add the Surface Sets to the list. 3
Step 4
Click Apply then the result of volume computation is appeared in the XML report.
115
Volume Computation
6.02 Triangle Volume by Station
This command is using the Triangle Volume method (as opposed to the end area method) to calculate volume. This eliminates the
need to compensate for horizontal curvature, which you would when using the end area method.
Browse the command from Evaluation > Volumes >

Triangle Volume by Station.
Step 1
Select Original Surface and Design Surface from drop
down list in Main tab.
Step 2
Identify the Alignment and define the Interval and Offsets of it.
1
2 3 Step 3
Click the Volume shape and set its symbology in order to display the
area for computation in plan view.
Step 4
4
Click Apply and the result would be formed to a XML report.
The area for volume computation is shown in

plan.
116
Volume Computation
6.03 Extract Cross Sections
Before using the End-Area Method for volume computation, we have to create a set of cross section first. This command extracts
multiple cross sections and displays them in a matrix pattern. Typically, the cross sections are extracted along the active horizontal
alignment; however, this command can generate cross sections along graphic elements.
Browse the command from Evaluation > Cross

Section > Create Cross Section.
The command shows in a tree-leaf structure.
Step 1
1 2 In General page, select Window and Data from
4 Create. It will create the cross section window
5
6 with surface data.
Step 2
3 Select which Surfaces that you want to display
on cross sections.
Step 3
Put in the Interval, Left and Right Offset related
to horizontal alignment.
8
7
Step 4
Select the target Alignment, e.g. Centre line, in
Source page. You can select a line from
Graphics instead of an alignment from
geometry file.
117
Volume Computation
Step 5
10
If the surface is produced from Roadway
9 Designer, you can also display the components

in the cross sections. Toggle on the
11 Components button in Include page. The

volume calculated from end-area method is
different.
Step 6
13
In Limits page (under Controls leaf), set the
suitable Elevation range, usually the elevation
12 range of the surface is used. You can also set
the Station range for the cross section. Click off
the Station button to create cross sections along
the whole alignment.
Step 7
15
In Plan Display page (under Controls leaf), you
can display the line string that represents the
cross sections in plan view by clicking the 16
Planimetric button under Symbology dialog box. 14
All settings can be saved as a Preferences that

you can use it later.
Click Apply after the settings.
17
118
Volume Computation
At the prompt: Identify Location
Step 8
Pick a point in the graph.
A cross section set will be added in the drawing file.
The Planimetric lines will be displayed along the alignment showing the range of the cross sections.
119
Volume Computation
6.04 Volume by End-Area Method
Since there are cross sections, End-Area Volumes can be calculated.
Browse the command from Evaluation >

Volumes > End-Area Volume.
3 4
1 Step 1
2 5 Identify which Cross Section Set

will be used to compute the
volume. A surrounding box will
highlight the cross sections
when you select the section set
6 in the pull down list.
Step 2
The Surface and its Type will be appeared in General page. If you have multiple surfaces in cross sections, you have to select
which surface for computation. Surface has 4 types: Existing, Design, Substratum and Ignored. However, volumes can only be
computed with existing surface and design or substratum surface. No result when using two existing surfaces or two design
surfaces. You may change the Type of surface by using Surface Properties command. And Update Cross Section is necessary.
Step 3
Select the Method, Standard or Correct for Curvature, for computation.
Step 4
Identify the Station Limits. Click off the button to use full set of cross sections.
Step 5
Click the Create XML Report button if you want to create the XML report.
Step 6
You can also set the annotation which displaye the area and volume information in the cross sections. Click Apply after all settings.
120
Volume Computation
The computed volume would be displayed in plan and the report is created.
A closed shape will be drawn on cross

sections showing the cut and fill areas. If
the component is displayed on cross
sections, the End-Area Volumes command
will determine the component as a
subgrade path. The result of volume will be
much different from using Triangle Volume
method.
121
Volume Computation
1 If you want to compute the volume without the
components, you can click off the Components
button when creating cross sections.
2
1
6 Otherwise, use Update Cross Section command to
2
display off the components in order to recomputed
4
the volume.
3
In Components page, select the target Surface,
5 Component and Display Off.
Click Apply and the components will be disappeared

in the cross sections.
Repeat the Step 1 to Step 6 in End-Area Volume method, you can recomputed the volume without counting the
components as a subgrade surface.
The area for computation

is different from pervious.
122
Chapter 7
XML Reports
XML Reports
The XML Reports command of the Tools pull down menu generates XML data files. The XML files are temporary files that
contain data which is formatted into reports by View XML Reports command. Different types of XML reports can be generated.
The dialog box will be displayed according to the selected type..
Tools > XML Reports >

Geometry
Station Base
Station Offset
Clearance
Stake Out
Legal Description
Surfaces
7.01 Geometry Reports 1 2

The Geometry Report dialog box provides a filter
to specify groups of alignments and COGO points
including in the report data file as well as vertical
alignments, cant alignments, and horizontal and
vertical event points.
Type the alignment name in Horizontal Alignments,

e.g. centre line, and click Apply. The report will be
appeared.
There are several types of report for

geometry. You can choose another type in
the LHS of the Report Browser in order
to display the different styles and
contents.
123
XML Reports
7.02 Station Base Report
This report creates an XML report data file containing station base/station offset data for selected alignment or features.
Stationing can be measured along either the base alignment or the offset alignment, but the offset (distance) is always measured
from the base alignment to the offset alignment. The Station Base and Station Offset parameters determine how stationing is
measured.
Step 1
Select the base alignment in General 2
1
page. You can also put in the station
limits on the same page. Click off the
Limits button to report the whole
alignment. 3
Step 2
5 In Include page, select the additional
4 points, e.g. horizontal and vertical event
6 points, which you want to include in the

report.
Put in the Interval for the base alignment.
7
Step 3
10 Name the offset alignment in Horizontal

Alignments page. You can select more
9 than one alignment. The report will be
11 generated separately.
12
124
XML Reports
A Station Base report is created. You can select different styles for the report.
7.03 Edit Report format

You can edit the format of reports. Select Tools > Format Options in
Report Browser to browse the Format Options dialog box.
You can edit the Precision and its Format of the numerical output from
this dialog box. As soon as the change is made, it is reflected in the
report.
125
XML Reports
End
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Chapter 2 Horizontal Alignment Computation

Chapter 3 Longitudinal Profile & Vertical Alignment Computation

Chapter 4 Template Library

Chapter 5 Roadway Designer

Chapter 6 Volume Computation

Chapter 7 XML Reports

Overview of Alignment computation & General Settings

1.01 Workflow of a Project

Workspace Bar Feedback pane

The InRoads Explorer is divided into 4 parts:

1.03 InRoads File Types

There are three commands for setting preferences.

Preference Manager is browsed from Tools > Preference Manager.

Style Manager is browsed from Tools > Style Manager.

The General page shows the style name in

The Surface Features Settings page includes

The Symbology page displays the Named

Click Edit to browse the Edit Named

Points settings dialog box is designed to use the

The appearance of Points is defined in the

Lines, Arcs and Spirals are set as its according

Named Symbology Manager is

Every named symbology contains 12 areas:

When you are using a named symbology to control the

If neither of those areas is initialized, the named symbology

For quick access to the lock commands, select

Click Tools > Options to browse

Horizontal Alignment Computation

2.01 Create Geometry Project & Horizontal Alignment

Start a new Geometry Project and Horizontal Alignment

Or in main menu, click File > New.

The geometry project Training will be appeared in

Repeat the above procedures, select Horizontal Alignment for

Step 1 Add fixed linear element

Geometry > Horizontal Element > Add

1 2 In Add Fixed Horizontal Line box, select By Two Points for

Tentative snap a point and

At the prompt: Identify second point

A linear element is thus fixed

At the prompt: Accept/Reject

Geometry > Horizontal Element > Add Floating Curve

2 In command box, select By Point and Radius for Mode, key in

At the prompt: Identify element

Tentative snap a point and

At the prompt: Accept/Reject

Step 3 Add floating Linear element

In command box, select By Point for Mode and click

A linear element will be appeared on the graph dynamically.

At the prompt: Identify a point

At the prompt: Accept/Reject

Repeat using the command Add Floating Horizontal Curve, key in

At the prompt: Identify element

At the prompt: Identify a point

At the prompt: Accept/Reject

Create an empty horizontal alignment, e.g. centre line 2.

You have to define all linear elements by adding PI

Step 1 Add PIs (point of intersection)

At the prompt: Identify first point

At the prompt: Identify a point/ Reject

By connecting the PIs, the alignment is created.

Step 2 Define Curve

Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > define Curve