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6
Series-Parallel Circuits
1
3
V 2
V 3
I is the same
V in this
section.
Fig. 6-5: Reducing a series-parallel circuit to an equivalent series circuit to find the RT. (a)
Actual circuit. (b) R3 and R4 in parallel combined for the equivalent R7.
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6-4: Resistance Banks and Strings in
Series-Parallel
Fig. 6-5, cont. (c) R7 and R6 in series added for R13. (d) R13 and R5 in parallel combined for R18.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-4: Resistance Banks and Strings in
Series-Parallel
Fig. 6-5 (e): The R18, R1, and R2 in series are added for the total resistance of 50 for RT.
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6-5: Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits
with Random Unknowns
In solving such circuits, apply the same principles as
before:
Reduce the circuit to its simplest possible form.
Apply Ohms Law.
6-5: Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits
with Random Unknowns
Example:
In Fig. 6-6, we can
find branch
currents I1 and I2-3,
and IT, and
voltage drops V1,
V2, and V3,
without knowing
the value of RT.
Fig. 6-6: Finding all the currents and voltages by calculating the branch currents first.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-5: Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits
with Random Unknowns
Find I1, I2-3, and IT.
V
I1 =
R
90V (parallel branches have the same voltage)
I1=
30
I1= 3A
6-5: Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits
with Random Unknowns
V
I2-3 = IT = I1 + I2-3
R
90V IT = 3A + 2A
I2-3 =
20 + 25
IT = 5A
90V
I2-3 =
45
I2-3 = 2A
6-5: Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits
with Random Unknowns
Find voltage drops V1, V2,
and V3:
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6-5: Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits
with Random Unknowns
V1 = VA (parallel branches have the same voltage)
V1 = 90V
or
V1 = I1R1 V2 = I2-3R2 V3 = I2-3R3
V1 = 3A 30 V2 = 2A(20 ) V3 = 2A(25 )
V1 = 90V V2 = 40V V3 = 50V
Note: V2 + V3 = VA
40V + 50V = 90V
6-5: Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits
with Random Unknowns
VA
RT =
IT
90A
RT =
5A
RT = 18
6-6: The Wheatstone Bridge
A Wheatstone bridge is a circuit that is used to
determine the value of an unknown resistance.
The unknown resistor (RX) is in the same branch as the
standard resistor (RS).
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6-6: The Wheatstone Bridge
Note: When the Wheatstone bridge is balanced, it can be
analyzed as two series strings in parallel. Note the
following relationship:
RX R1
=
RS R2
R1
RX = RS
R2
6-7: Troubleshooting: Opens and
Shorts in Series-Parallel Circuits
In series-parallel circuits, an open or short in one part of
the circuit changes the values in the entire circuit.
Fig. 6-13: Effect of a short circuit with series-parallel connections. (a) Normal circuit with S1
open. (b) Circuit with short between points A and B when S1 is closed; now R2 and R3 are short-
circuited.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-7: Troubleshooting: Opens and
Shorts in Series-Parallel Circuits
Effect of a Short in a Series-Parallel Circuit
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-7: Troubleshooting: Opens and
Shorts in Series-Parallel Circuits
Effect of an Open in a Series-Parallel Circuit
Fig. 6-14: Effect of an open path in a series-
parallel circuit. (a) Normal circuit with S2
closed. (b) Series circuit with R1 and R2 when
S2 is open. Now R3 in the open path has no
current and zero IR voltage drop.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-7: Troubleshooting: Opens and
Shorts in Series-Parallel Circuits
Effect of an Open in a Series-Parallel Circuit
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.