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Printed in Great Britain. # 2005 TEMPUS Publications.
676
MATLAB: A Powerful Tool for Experimental Design in Chemical Engineering 677
points of view should be considered if the design is 9. Predict the behaviour before doing the experi-
to be successful. As a trivial example, the selection ment.
of the position of the emergency button and the 10. Scale up the system.
control panel changed drastically when one of the
These outcomes are well integrated with our teach-
students confirmed that she was not tall enough to
ing system because the students have two days for
reach it.
each experiment. On the first day they study the
theoretical aspects and the start-up strategy. In this
way, an unfinished Simulink program will be given
LEARNING OUTCOMES
to them in order to predict the start-up behaviour.
Thus, they should see how the system should
Time spent in the laboratory should make the
respond and can then design a proper start-up
link between theory and practice, connecting both
strategy under safe conditions. On the second
of them with one aim: `Make the basic concepts
day they should operate the pilot plant measuring
clear and put them into the real world'. The
all the variables. After that, they should check the
chemical engineering degree in Spain lasts 5
agreement of the results and discuss them using a
years. The first two years are dedicated to basic
new model (improved by them).
engineering (maths, physics, chemistry, etc.) and
also to chemical engineering with fluid flow. The
third year concentrates on heat transfer and
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
kinetics. Work in laboratory begins with fluid
flow and heat transfer. In the last two years
A process flow diagram of the pilot plant is
students specialise in reaction, separation
presented in Fig. 2; a picture of the system is
processes and process simulation.
shown in Fig. 3.
We have developed a new practical experiment
The pilot plant consists of three sand baths, two
for the third year students. At the end of the
of them made of methacrylate (200 mm and
practical work with this plant the student should
250 mm diameter) to operate at room temperature
be able to:
and another one made of stainless steel (250 mm
1. Describe the experimental aspects of gas-solid diameter) to study high temperatures (up to
fluidisation. 200C). The baths are half-filled with alumina
2. Draw and understand the process flow dia- particles of 170210 m. When air is flowed at
gram. the bottom of the sand baths the bed experiences
3. Start-up and operate a pilot plant with heating a volumetric expansion. Above a certain flow rate
systems and blowers. all the particles are suspended chaotically
4. Use automatic controllers for temperature. (perfectly mixed): this is called fluidisation [5, 6].
5. Measure data with automatic on-line acquisi- Under these conditions the solid has the same
tion systems and also with manual systems. appearance as a boiling liquid, with breaking
6. Derive equations to model the system in bubbles, as it is illustrated in Fig. 3.
dynamic conditions. Air is taken from outside and after filtration is
7. Solve the model equations using MATLAB pumped into the three baths with a low-pressure
and Simulink. blower. Flow rates for each bath are controlled
8. Compare & Contrast experimental and simu- with a valve on each branch (one per bath). Flow
lated data to fit model parameters. rates are measured using air rotameters in the
dTs
ms Cp _ air Tair
W mCp out Tair in qp
dt
1
Tair out 0; 962 Ts 2; 822 2
Fig. 9. The working group in Maria Jose's office. From the left, Eduardo, Rebeca, Juan and Alvaro.
Practical knowledge links teaching and learning in The combination of the interest and enthusiasm
an easy way. Thus, in this experiment, process of the team and the partner-to-partner collabora-
control is introduced to the students without tion made the project real. Sometimes it was the
been studied previously, but they did not have only reward for lecturers, technicians and students
any problem. A dynamic model for a fluidised who suffer the lack of means, support and institu-
sand bath heater has been validated and tested. tional greetings.
The model equations have been solved numerically
using MATLAB and Simulink. Therefore, at the AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank the University
end of the experiment the students should be able of Valladolid (Spain) for the financial support and Dr. Jason
to solve model equations numerically. Hyde and Dr. Eduard for their help with the language.
REFERENCES