ENGINEERING WORKSHOP

(EL-211)

LABORATORY MANUAL

(LAB # 01)
INTRODUCTION AND USAGE OF BASIC TOOLS
Engr. Khalid Usman
Engr. Fakhar Abbas
Student Name: ______________________________________________

Roll No: ________________Section: ____

Date performed: _____________, 2016

MARKS AWARDED: ________/ 10

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD

Prepared by: Engr. Khalid Usman Version: 1.05

Last Edited by: Engr. Khalid Usman, August 4, 2016
Verified by: Engr. Farooq Hussain Updated: Fall 2016
Engineering Workshop National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
(EL-211) of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2016
01
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LAB: 01 Introduction and Usage of Basic Tools

Learning Objectives:
a) Introduction and use of Electrical,Workshop tools.
b) Electrical Component,Symbols and their functions.

Equipment Required:
Basic electric and workshop tools:

Basic Workshop Tools:

Plier:
Generally three types of pliers are used in the electrical workshop. They are:

Flat Nose Plier: Used for holding jobs or holding wires. It has got only two slotted jaws, which are
tapered. Thus it is used for tightening or loosening small nuts.

Side Cutting Plier: Used for cutting of thin wires and removing insulations from them. It has got
cutting edge on its one of its sides.

Round Nose Plier: Used only to hold or cut the wires. It has no gripping jaws. Its cutting edge is
long and rounded on the top.

Screw Driver:
It is used to loosen or tighten or to keep screws in position. It has a wooden or plastic handle
and a blade of high carbon steel.

Chisel:

Firmer Chisel: Generally used for carpentry works and can be used by hand pressure or with the
help of mallet. It has flat blade, which varies from 12mm to 15mm.

Cold Chisel: Used for cutting iron pieces (cold). It has cutting angle from 30 to 45and is made
of high carbon steel.

Hammer:
Most commonly used in the workshop. The head is made of cast iron or forged; the claw is
hardened and tampered. The striking place is slightly convex. The head is fitted with a wooden
handle of various lengths.

Hacksaw:
Used to cut metal such as iron strips, core pipes etc. it has a blade made of high steel or tungsten.

Mallet:
A mallet is a kind of hammer, usually of rubber, or sometimes wood smaller than a maul or
beetle and usually with a relatively large head.
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Engineering Workshop National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
(EL-211) of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2016
01
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Centre Punch:
A centre punch is a hard metal rod with a shaped tip at one end and a blunt butt end at the other,
which is usually struck by a hammer. Punches are used to drive objects, such as nails, or to form
an impression of the tip on a work piece. Decorative punches may also be used to create a pattern
or even form an image.

Basic Electrical Tools:

MCB:
It is known as the Miniature Circuit Breaker which is used to make circuit open if current flow
exceed from certain limit.

PVC Casing Capping:

Long rectangular box made of 2 parts. It is made of PVC and used mainly to pass wires through
walls during wiring.

Batten Lamp Holder:

Mainly used to hold electric bulbs and lamps.

Switch Board With Switches:

It contains the following:

Socket outlets: It is a type of electrical material through which electric current flows from wires to
various electrical appliances. It is of 6A.
Two way switch: It is mainly used in staircase wiring to either on or off the light. It is of 6A.
One-way switch: It is a device used to switch on lights of 6A.

Power Wires:
7/29 SWG (POWER WIRE):They are used in power purposes for duty electrical appliances. 7/29
means 7 numbers of wires in the cable and 29 strands for thickness or gauge size.
3/29 SWG (PHASE WIRING):Mostly used for house wiring purposes.
3/29 SWG (NEUTRAL WIRE):It is also used for house wiring purposes.
1/18 SWG:It is used for earthing.
Flexible Cable:
This is a temporary wire used for both power and light but temporarily. It is used as extension
wire.
NOTE:Students are advised to familiar themselves with following which will come across
during next 4 years and after that.

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Engineering Workshop National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
(EL-211) of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2016
01
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Electrical Component And Function:

Wires and connections

Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
To pass current very easily from one part of a
Wire
circuit to another.
A 'blob' should be drawn where wires are
connected (joined), but it is sometimes omitted.
Wires joined Wires connected at 'crossroads' should be staggered
slightly to form two T-junctions, as shown on the
right.
In complex diagrams it is often necessary to draw
wires crossing even though they are not connected.
I prefer the 'hump' symbol shown on the right
Wires not joined
because the simple crossing on the left may be
misread as a join where you have forgotten to add a
'blob'!

Power Supplies
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
Supplies electrical energy.
Cell A single cell is often wrongly called a battery, but
strictly a battery is two or more cells joined together.
Supplies electrical energy. A battery is more than one
Battery
cell.
Supplies electrical energy.
DC supply DC = Direct Current, always flowing in one
direction.
Supplies electrical energy.
AC supply AC = Alternating Current, continually changing
direction.
A safety device which will 'blow' (melt) if the current
Fuse
flowing through it exceeds a specified value.
Two coils of wire linked by an iron core.
Transformers are used to step up (increase) and step
Transformer down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy is transferred
between the coils by the magnetic field in the core.
There is no electrical connection between the coils.
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Engineering Workshop National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
(EL-211) of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2016
01
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A connection to earth. For many electronic circuits
Earth this is the 0V (zero volts) of the power supply, but for
(Ground) mains electricity and some radio circuits it really
means the earth. It is also known as ground.

Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.

Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
A transducer which converts electrical energy to light.
Lamp (lighting) This symbol is used for a lamp providing illumination, for
example a car headlamp or torch bulb.
A transducer which converts electrical energy to light.
Lamp (indicator) This symbol is used for a lamp which is an indicator, for
example a warning light on a car dashboard.
Heater A transducer which converts electrical energy to heat.
A transducer which converts electrical energy to kinetic
Motor
energy (motion).
Bell A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

Buzzer A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

A coil of wire which creates a magnetic field when
current passes through it. It may have an iron core inside
Inductor
the coil. It can be used as a transducer converting
(Coil, Solenoid)
electrical energy to mechanical energy by pulling on
something.

Switches
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
Push Switch A push switch allows current to flow only when the button
(push-to-make) is pressed. This is the switch used to operate a doorbell.
Push-to-Break This type of push switch is normally closed (on), it is open
Switch (off) only when the button is pressed.
SPST = Single Pole, Single Throw.
On-Off Switch
An on-off switch allows current to flow only when it is in
(SPST)
the closed (on) position.
SPDT = Single Pole, Double Throw.
2-way Switch A 2-way changeover switch directs the flow of current to
(SPDT) one of two routes according to its position. Some SPDT
switches have a central off position and are described as

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Engineering Workshop National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
(EL-211) of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2016
01
____________________________________________________________________________________
'on-off-on'.
DPST = Double Pole, Single Throw.
Dual On-Off
A dual on-off switch which is often used to switch mains
Switch
electricity because it can isolate both the live and neutral
(DPST)
connections.

Reversing DPDT = Double Pole, Double Throw.

Switch This switch can be wired up as a reversing switch for a
(DPDT) motor. Some DPDT switches have a central off position.

An electrically operated switch, for example a 9V battery

circuit connected to the coil can switch a 230V AC mains
Relay circuit.
NO = Normally Open, COM = Common, NC = Normally
Closed.

Resistors
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
A resistor restricts the flow of current, for example to
Resistor limit the current passing through an LED. A resistor is
used with a capacitor in a timing circuit.
This type of variable resistor with 2 contacts (a rheostat)
is usually used to control current. Examples include:
Variable Resistor
adjusting lamp brightness, adjusting motor speed, and
(Rheostat)
adjusting the rate of flow of charge into a capacitor in a
timing circuit.
This type of variable resistor with 3 contacts (a
Variable Resistor potentiometer) is usually used to control voltage. It can
(Potentiometer) be used like this as a transducer converting position
(angle of the control spindle) to an electrical signal.
This type of variable resistor (a preset) is operated with
a small screwdriver or similar tool. It is designed to be
Variable Resistor set when the circuit is made and then left without
(Preset) further adjustment. Presets are cheaper than normal
variable resistors so they are often used in projects to
reduce the cost.

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Engineering Workshop National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
(EL-211) of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2016
01
____________________________________________________________________________________

Capacitors
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
A capacitor stores electric charge. A capacitor is used
Capacitor with a resistor in a timing circuit. It can also be used as a
filter, to block DC signals but pass AC signals.
A capacitor stores electric charge. This type must be
Capacitor, connected the correct way round. A capacitor is used with
polarised a resistor in a timing circuit. It can also be used as a filter,
to block DC signals but pass AC signals.

Variable Capacitor A variable capacitor is used in a radio tuner.

This type of variable capacitor (a trimmer) is operated

with a small screwdriver or similar tool. It is designed to
Trimmer Capacitor
be set when the circuit is made and then left without
further adjustment.

Diodes
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
A device which only allows current to flow in one
Diode
direction.
LED
A transducer which converts electrical energy to light.
Light Emitting Diode
A special diode which is used to maintain a fixed
Zener Diode
voltage across its terminals.
Photodiode A light-sensitive diode.

Audio and Radio Devices

Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component

Microphone A transducer which converts sound to electrical energy.

Earphone A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

Loudspeaker A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

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Engineering Workshop National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
(EL-211) of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2016
01
____________________________________________________________________________________

Piezo Transducer A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

An amplifier circuit with one input. Really it is a block

Amplifier
diagram symbol because it represents a circuit rather than
(general symbol)
just one component.

Aerial A device which is designed to receive or transmit radio

(Antenna) signals. It is also known as an antenna.

Meters and Oscilloscope

Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
A voltmeter is used to measure voltage.
Voltmeter The proper name for voltage is 'potential difference', but most
people prefer to say voltage!

Ammeter An ammeter is used to measure current.

A galvanometer is a very sensitive meter which is used to

Galvanometer
measure tiny currents, usually 1mA or less.
An ohmmeter is used to measure resistance. Most multimeters
Ohmmeter
have an ohmmeter setting.

Sensors (input devices)

Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
A transducer which converts brightness (light) to resistance
LDR (an electrical property).
LDR = Light Dependent Resistor
A transducer which converts temperature (heat) to resistance
Thermistor
(an electrical property).
Submission Declaration by the Student:

In submitting this lab job to the Lab Engineer/Instructor, I hereby declare that:
I familiarized myself with various workshop tools and equipments/Instruments.

________________
Students signature and Date

Marks Obtained as per performed job:_______________

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