Points & Concepts to Ponder!

NORMAL VALUES

Hematocrit 30-50%
Hemoglobin 12-16 mg/dl
Platelets 150,000 - 450,000/mcL
White Blood Cells 4,500 11,000 cells/mm3

Sodium 135 145 mEq/L

Potassium 3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L
Total Serum Calcium 8.6 10 mg/dl
Phosphorus 2.5 4.5 mg/dL
Chloride 97 107 mEq/L
Magnesium 1.6 2.6 mEq/L

Fasting Blood Glucose Level 70 110 mg/dl

Blood Glucose 2 hr. postprandial <140 mg/dl

Cardiac Output 4-7 L/min

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) < 60 mm/hg

Catecholamine 14 mcg/ 100 ml

B.U.N 8 25 mg/dl
Serum Creatinine 0.5 1.5 mg/dl
Urine Specific Gravity 1.003 1.030

THERAPEUTIC SERUM MEDICATION LEVELS

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 10 20 mcg/ml

Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) 10 20 mcg/ml
Phenytoin (Dilantin) 10 20 mcg/ml
Theophylline (Aminophylline; Theo-Dur) 10 20 mcg/ml
Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.5 2 ng/ml
Lithium 0.6 1.2 mEq/L

FORMULA:

Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

Mean Arterial Pressure = Systolic + 2 (Diastolic)
3
Celsius x 1.8 + 32 = F
Fahrenheit - 32 1.8 = C
DEFINITION OF TERMS:

Stroke Volume =
Cardiac Output =
Cardiogenic Shock =
Mean Arterial Pressure =
Posterior Fontanel =
Anterior Fontanel =
Pallor =
Cyanosis =
Amount of blood ejected in Left Ventricle with each contractions
Volume of blood pump in 1 minute
Failure of heart to pump adequately, thus reducing Cardiac Output
Average pressure in the circulation throughout the cardiac cycle
closes at 2 mos. (Triangle Shape)
closes at 12-18 mos. (Diamond Shape)
pale (Anemia)
Blue (Hypoxemia)

Reference Information

Definitions: Unit Conversion Factors:

L liter 1 oz = 30 ml
ml millimeter
1 oz = 2 tbsp
g gram
mg milligram 1 c = 8 oz
mcg microgram
1 c = 240 ml
mEq milliequivalent
gtts drops 1 pint = 2 c
hr hour
1 pint = 480 ml
kg kilogram
lb pound 1 qt = 2 pints
qt quart
1 qt = 1 L
tbsp. tablespoon
tsp teaspoon 1 tsp = 60 gtts
min minute
1 tsp = 5 ml
U unit
c cup 1 tbsp = 3 tsp
oz ounce
1 gtts = 1 minim
qt quart
gr grains 1 kg = 2.2 lb

Metric Conversions
gr X 60 = mg

mg 60 = gr

g X 15 = gr

gr 15 = g

1, 000 mg = 1 g
1, 000 ml = 1 L

1, 000 mcg = 1 mg

Converting from one unit to another:

Large to smaller: multiply grams to mg = g x 1, 000

Small to larger: divide mg to grams = mg 1, 000

Pediatric dosage formulas:

Childs age in months X usual adult usage = childs dose

150 months

Childs weight in pounds X usual adult usage = childs dose

150 pounds

Childs body surface area m2 X usual adult usage = childs dose

1.73 m2