PROPOSAL OF HYDRO-OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDY

FOR TPPI SEAWATER INTAKE

Proposed by

Faculty of Marine Technology

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya

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Contents
1. Background ....................................................................................................2
2. Purpose of Study ............................................................................................2
3. Area of Study..................................................................................................2
4. Scope of the Work ..........................................................................................2
4.1. Observation and Survey ................................................................................... 3
4.2. Bathymetric Survey .......................................................................................... 3
4.3. Numerical model ............................................................................................. 3
5. Output and Deliverables .................................................................................3
6. Methodology ..................................................................................................3
6.1. Observation and Survey ................................................................................... 3
6.1.1. Tidal level observation ...................................................................................................... 3
6.1.2. Tidal current observation ................................................................................................. 4
6.1.3. Buoy tracking .................................................................................................................... 5
6.1.4. Measurement of temperature.......................................................................................... 5
6.1.5. Bed Load and Suspended Soil Collection .......................................................................... 5
6.2. Bathymetric Survey .......................................................................................... 6
6.2.1. Determination of Survey Area .......................................................................................... 7
6.2.2. Determination of Sounding Lead Track ............................................................................ 7
6.3. Numerical model ............................................................................................. 8
7. Estimated Cost ............................................................................................. 10

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1. Background
This is the Proposal for Hydro-oceanographic study for solving seawater intake
problems at PT Trans-Pacific Petrochemical Indotama (TPPI). As the sea water intake
for the plants located along the coastlines, some sediments entering the seawater
intake basin, thus reducing the water quality and increasing the water temperature
due to sediment deposition in the basin. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a study
to reduce the sediment deposition in sea water intake basin due to hydro-
oceanographic event such as, wind wave, current and others.

2. Purpose of Study
The purpose of the study is estimate the quantity and source of sediment in the sea
water intake basin due to oceanographic events as well as proposed the measures
need to be taken to reduce the sedimentation.

3. Area of Study

Study area is marked with red circle in the Bathymetry Map as shown in figure 1
below:

Figure 1. Bathymetric Map TPPI

4. Scope of the Work

The work is started by collecting of secondary /previous study data if available,
including bathymetric data obtained from DISHIDROS map, hydro-oceanography
data including tide, wave, current and sedimentation from nearby river mouth if any.
Some observation and survey will be performed to support data needed for
numerical modeling developed to estimate the source and quantity of the sediment.
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From the numerical model, an optimum arrangement of coastal structure as
protection measures for sediment reduction entering the sea water intake basin will
be proposed. However, the main scopes of the work in this study include:

4.1. Observation and Survey

4.1.1. Tidal level observation
4.1.2. Tidal current observation
4.1.3. Buoy tracking
4.1.4. Measurement of sea water temperature
4.1.5. Bed Load and Suspended Soil Collection

4.2. Bathymetric Survey

4.3. Numerical model

4.3.1. Wind wave prediction (Design wave)
4.3.2. Tide and Current Distribution
4.3.3. Bed Sediment Transport Deposition
4.3.4. Shoreline Morphological Change

The Methodology and equipments used for each scope of work will be explained in
the Methodology section.

5. Output and Deliverables

The following is list of data that will be submitted as a result of the study:

No Description Size Quantity

1 Interim Reports A4 5 copies
2 Draft Final Reports A4 5 copies
3 Final Reports A4 5 copies
4 Bathymetric and Hydro oceanographic Survey A3 10 copies
5 Coastal Structure Design A3 10 copies

6. Methodology
6.1. Observation and Survey

6.1.1. Tidal level observation

Tidal level observation will be conducted for 15 days with water height manually
reading every one hour and electronically recorded every 10 minutes. Since tidal
data will be used for numerical model, therefore, tidal record should be coincidence
with measurement of current profile velocity. If necessary, tidal observation shall be
done at platform which is specially constructed for this study. Monitoring result shall
be tied (leveled) to adjacent topographic stakes / standard level (TPPIs Benchmark
points, if available) as shown in figure 2, to identify peil schaal zero elevation using
the auto level. Therefore bathymetric surveying, and tidal observation have similar
datum. For this purpose a Valeport Tide Recorder tipe 740 for electronic tide
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recording and Sokkia DT 210 total station will be used for Benchmark level setting.
The specification of the equipments is given in the attachments.

BT.1
BT.2

T.P

Nol Peilschaal

Figure 2 Manual Tidal observation and Benchmark Leveling

Figure 3. Tide Recorder and Total Station

6.1.2. Tidal current observation

The objective of measurement of current velocity is to obtain velocity and current
direction which is used for local waters dynamic characteristic. Current
measurement shall be done in two points where the current considered have
significant influence in the power plants. For each points, current measurement shall
be done at 0.2 d, 0.6d, and 0.8 d, where d is water depth. For this Argonaut purpose
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) will be use to record simultaneous currents
in a water column for 2 days as required. Besides currents, Argonaut also measures
temperatures, and waves. Therefore the equipments will also used to measures
temperatures in the study area. Figure 4 shows the Argonaut ADCP made by Sontek.

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 Figure 4. Argonaut Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler and Typical Result

6.1.3. Buoy tracking

Buoy tracking will be performed 2 times (flood, ebb) at 2 starting points. The tracking
will be performed using ball submerged at 1 to 2 meters beneath water surface. The
position of buoy will be acquired less than every 30 minutes for 6.2hrs. The figure
below shows the typical of simple tracking buoy made of board and ball. A GPS will
be attached in the buoy to record the position during measurement.

Figure 5 Typical Tracking Buoy

6.1.4. Measurement of temperature

As mentioned above, ADCP will be used to measure temperature in the area of
study. The information of water temperature is needed for numerical model input.

6.1.5. Bed Load and Suspended Soil Collection

An investigation of the bed-load sediment samples will be conduction using dragged
sampler techniques and grain size analyses in the soil mechanic laboratory. Total
Suspended Solids (TSS) samples will be taken using the Bottle of Nansen or Van Dorn
water sampler, or similar techniques. Bed Load and TSS data will be used to perform
numerical simulation to understand the pattern of dispersion and suspension of
sediment around the study area. Simultaneously, the TSS of the sample will be

5
completed using the Nansen bottle, or similar techniques. Results from the Bed Load
Sediment and TSS tests will be simulated to find the pattern of spreading, dispersion
and shoaling around area of study. The picture of equipments are shown in the
figure 6 below :

Figure 6. Van Dorn Water sampler

6.2. Bathymetric Survey

Before the survey was conducted, the tracking route for survey was set in the office
by programming the Garmin GPS Mapsounder based on the available map. After
setting equipment, the antena was erected and set to obtain the best satellite signal,
the sensor was also deployed. The reading of the GPS also checked with virtual
measurement by deploying measuring stick to the water. The depth sensor was
located far from propeller and not to shallow, as the bubble produced from propeller
and moving boat will reduced the quality of reading. After all equipment are set and
secure, the survey was started following the route tack that has been set before.
During bathymetric survey, water level (tide elevation) was also observed and
recorded. The observation was conducted manually, and electronically as described
in the previous chapter. The tide observation will be used to make correction of the
depth reading from GPSMapsounder.

If available, the bathymetric map obtaned from previous survey/study can be

compared to currently obtained bathymetric map. Both map are overlayed after
equating the coordinate and reference level. By overlaying two difference map, the
area of deposition and sedimentarion in a period of time can be evaluated, thus the
rate of sedimentation is obtained.

The equipment used for bathymetric surveys were Garmin GPS Map Sounder and if
the water is deep a Raytheon Echo Sounder will be used. This equipment has GPS
(Global Positioning system) facilities which will give device position on horizontal
framework assisted by satellite. With this facility, position control on horizontal
framework from a fixed point in land does not need anymore. In addition to GPS
facility, this device has ability to measure depth of water using sounding which is
bounced to sea bed back.

One unit portable computer is needed to store data which has been downloaded
from GPSMap device periodically, or when memory is full. Boat is used to convey

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surveyor and survey equipments tracing determined sounding lead track. In the
operation, the boat must satisfy the following criteria:
Boat must have enough dimension and suitable for surveyor to do survey
work, and it is better if it is secured and free from machine tremble.
Boat must stable and easy to maneuver in low speed
Fuel capacity must require and appropriate with sounding lead track length.
Safety tools. Safety tools which is needed for survey work is safety shoes,
gloves, and life jacket.

Processes of bathymetry survey work consist of some stages which are described
below.

6.2.1. Determination of Survey Area

Survey area is area in surveying waters. Width of surveying area is determined
appropriate with sedimentation study around TPPI Sea water intake basin. For
mathematic model requirement, required area for survey work is at least 1 x 1 km2.

Tracking lines
10m

Tracking Lines

seashore
Figure 6. Ship Movement for Sounding Lead Track tracing

6.2.2. Determination of Sounding Lead Track

Sounding lead track is track of boat which is lead to sounding lead work until outer
boundary from survey area, as shown in figure 7 above. Distance between sounding
lead tracks depend on required resolution. For this work, the distance is 10 m. Initial
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and end points for each sounding lead track are recorded, then those data can be
input to survey equipment which is equipped with GPS facility as reference for boat
trip along the track.

Bathymetry track coordinates which was determined before, shall be input to survey
device, as boat reference in tracing sounding lead track. The device is set to record
deepness data for 10 m in interval, from initial point of sounding lead track. In initial
survey, boat is in closer point from coast at first sounding lead track, then trace the
track away from coast. For second track, it is begun from furthermost point from
coast, then trace the track to the coast, and keep the track continue for the next
track.

Because storage capacity of GPSMap is limited, data from sounding lead results shall
be downloaded to notebook in onshore. Sounding work shall be done in the morning
and finished in the afternoon before sunset.

6.3. Numerical model

To estimate the quantity and source of sediment in the sea water intake basin due to
oceanographic events as well as proposed the measures need to be taken to reduce
the sedimentation, the following numerical model were carried out:
Wind wave prediction (Design wave)
Tide and Current Distribution
Bed Sediment Transport Deposition
Shoreline Morphological Change

For the Wind wave prediction, SWAN or CGWAVE software will be used to evaluate
wave distribution in the study area. The input for the model is wind data obtained
from nearest BMKG (Meteorological Climatology and Geophysics Agency) office.
Figure 8 below shows the typical result of SWAN and CGWAVE

Figure 8. Typical Wave Distribution Model by SWAN and CGWAVE

As for Bed Sediment Transport Deposition, Ecomsed or MIKE 3 software. Both model
has 3D meshing capability, which is needed to evaluate the thermal and sediment
concentration distribution in the study area. 3D hydrodynamic, wave and sediment
model has been integrated in Ecomsed which is developed from POM (Princenton
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Ocean Model). Ecomsed has the capability in predicting and mitigating the impacts
of heated discharges to, and cooling water intakes estuaries and coastal waters,
which are essential for optimal power plant design.

Some of Ecomsed capabilities are (1) runtime computed (internal) or pre computed
(external) hydrodynamics ;(2) cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport; (3)
sediment-bound tracer transport (conservative or first-order decay); (4) dissolved
tracer transport (conservative or first order decay); (5) neutrally-buoyant particle
tracking; and (6) inclusion of wind wave effects on hydrodynamics and sediment
transport. ECOMSED is coupled with two- or three-dimensional hydrodynamic and
wave models. A unique characteristic of ECOMSED is its use of in-situ field
measurements to accurately describe re-suspension and deposition processes,
including the effects of salinity on the flocculation of cohesive sediments.
(www.hydro-qual.com)

Mike3 is a proprietary software developed by DHI Water and Environment

International, Denmark. MIKE 3 provides the simulation tools to model 3D free
surface flows and associated sediment or water quality processes. The followings are
Typical MIKE 3 applications:
Assessment of hydrographic conditions for design, construction and
operation of structures and plants in stratified waters
Coastal and oceanographic circulation studies, including fine sediment
dynamics
Optimisation of coastal outfalls Environmental impact assessment of marine
infrastructures
Analysis and optimisation of cooling water recirculation and desalination

Figure 9 shows typical results of MIKE 3. The figure shows the plan (horizontal) view
of suface velocity field in the area of study, while figure 10 shows the vertical
velocity distribution in section A-A shows in figure 9.

10090400

10090200

IP 2
10090000

10089800

10089600

10089400

10089200

10089000
Current speed [m/s]
Above 0.195
10088800
0.18 - 0.195
0.165 - 0.18
0.15 - 0.165
10088600 0.135 - 0.15
IP 1 0.12 - 0.135
0.105 - 0.12
10088400 0.09 - 0.105
0.075 - 0.09
0.06 - 0.075
0.045 - 0.06
10088200
0.03 - 0.045
0.015 - 0.03
0 - 0.015
10088000 -0.015 - 0
Below -0.015
Undefined Value
601500 602000 602500 603000 603500 604000 604500 605000
6:00:00 3/1/2010 Time Step 25 of 90. Sigma Layer No. 10 of 10.

Figure 9. Typical Horizontal View of Surface Velocity Distribution in MIKE 3

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 Vertical profile from (602140,10088508) to (603485,10089992)

-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

-12

-14

-16
Current speed [m/s]
Above 0.075
-18 0.07 - 0.075
0.065 - 0.07
0.06 - 0.065
0.055 - 0.06
-20
0.05 - 0.055
0.045 - 0.05
0.04 - 0.045
-22 0.035 - 0.04
0.03 - 0.035
0.025 - 0.03
0.02 - 0.025
-24 0.015 - 0.02
0.01 - 0.015
0.005 - 0.01
-26 Below 0.005
Undefined Value
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
6:00:00 3/1/2010 Time Step 25 of 93.

Figure 10 Typical Vertical Velocity Profile in MIKE 3 Model (Section A-A Figure 9.)

The following figure shows typical MIKE model result for jetty configuration for
minimization of sedimentation within the inlet.

Figure 11 MIKE model for jetty optimization around inlet

7. Estimated Cost
For the proposed study above, the estimated cost is Rp 325.765.000 (Three hundred
and twenty five million seven hundred sixty five thousand rupiahs) included tax
distributed as follows:

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 Unit Unit Price Total Price
No Item Vol
Vol Rp Rp.
I REMUNERATION COST
A. EXPERTS
1 Coastal engineer (Coordinator) 3 man month 7.500.000 22.500.000
2 Hidrodynamic Engineer 1 man month 6.000.000 6.000.000
3 Numerical Model Engineer 2 man month 6.000.000 12.000.000
4 Sedimentation Engineer 1 man month 6.000.000 6.000.000
5 Geodetic Engineers 1 man month 6.000.000 6.000.000
Sum A = 52.500.000
B. SUPPORTING STAFF
1 Asst. Coastal Engineer 2 man month 2.000.000 4.000.000
2 Asst. Hidrodynamic Engineer 1 man month 2.000.000 2.000.000
3 Asst. Numerical Model Engineer 2 man month 2.000.000 4.000.000
4 Asst Sedimentation Engineer 1 man month 2.000.000 2.000.000
5 Surveyor 1 man month 1.500.000 1.500.000
6 Autocad Drafter / Asst. Geodetic Eng 1 man month 1.000.000 1.000.000
7 Typist/ Document Spesialist 2 man month 750.000 1.500.000
Sum B = 16.000.000
Sub Total I = 68.500.000
II OFFICE COST & NUMERICAL MODEL
1 Office supplies, pens, Toner, Printer Cartridge , Papers, etc 1 ls 1.000.000 1.000.000
2 Wind Data Acquisition 10 years 500.000 5.000.000
3 Satellite Image 1 ls 15.000.000 15.000.000
4 High Speed computer rental 3 units 2.000.000 6.000.000
5 Software License
5a - Current Distribution 3 scenario 10.000.000 30.000.000
5b - Tide Model 3 scenario 10.000.000 30.000.000
5c - Sedimen Transport Model 3 scenario 10.000.000 30.000.000
5d - Coastal Morphology Model 3 scenario 10.000.000 30.000.000
6 Transportation - Mobilization / Demobilization Equipments 1 ls 3.000.000 3.000.000
7 Communication and Meals 2 month 2.500.000 5.000.000
8 Soil and Water Sample Analysis 20 samples 250.000 5.000.000
Sub Total II = 160.000.000
II SURVEY EQUIPMENT RENTAL COST
1 Tide Gauge 20 days 250.000 5.000.000
2 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 5 days 5.000.000 25.000.000
3 Sediment Grabber (Seabed Soil Sampler) 5 days 250.000 1.250.000
4 Water Sampler 5 days 250.000 1.250.000
5 Echo soundder / Mapsounder & GPS 3 days 750.000 2.250.000
6 Total Station 3 days 300.000 900.000
7 Boat 4 days 500.000 2.000.000
8 Transportation Accomodation and Meals 20 days 1.000.000 20.000.000
Sub Total III = 57.650.000
III REPORTS
1 Interim 5 copies 200.000 1.000.000
2 Draft Final 5 copies 200.000 1.000.000
3 Final 5 copies 200.000 1.000.000
4 Bathymetric and Hydrooceanographic Survey (A3 Size) 10 copies 350.000 3.500.000
5 Coastal Structure Design (A3 Size) 10 copies 350.000 3.500.000
Sub Total IV = 10.000.000

Sub Total I+II+III+IV = 296.150.000

LPPM - ITS Tax 10% = 29.615.000
Total = 325.765.000

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