Cell Biology (BIOL 4374 and BCHS 4313)

Third Exam
4/24/01

Name_________________________ SS#______________________________

This exam is worth a total of 100 points. The number of points each question is worth is shown
in parentheses. For multiple choice questions, circle the correct answer. Good luck!

1. (6) Put the stages of extracellular signaling in order of occurrence from first to last.

a) Detection of signal by a receptor first ___e___

b) Termination of signaling second ___c___
c) Release of signaling molecule third ___d___
d) Transport of signaling molecule to target fourth ___a___
e) Synthesis of signaling molecule fifth ___f___
f) Response of cell to signal sixth ___b___

2. (2) G-protein linked receptors have _______7_______ (number) transmembrane domains.

3. (2) Upon adrenalin binding, the -adrenergic receptor causes cAMP production by activating
what two factors?
Gs protein and adenylyl cyclase

4. (2) cAMP kinase leads to the phosphorylation of __glycogen synthetase_____ (enzyme)

to block glycogen synthesis and _glycogen phosphorylase or GP kinase_ (enzyme) to

increase glycogen breakdown.

5. (2) Upon binding to ligand, the RTK class of receptors ___dimerize_______, then

phosphorylate each other at ___tyrosine_______ residues.

6. (2) GRB2 is an adapter protein having and SH2 domain that binds to _phosphotyrosines on

RTK_ and an SH3 domain that binds to ______SOS_______.

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7. (2) During RTK signaling, the GTPase switch protein Ras is activated by the guanine-

nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) _________SOS__________.

8. (2) The following steps are part of the kinase cascade that transmits signals from
activated Ras protein except:

a) MEK phosphorylates MAP kinase answer: d

b) Raf phosphorylates MEK
c) MAP kinase phosphorylates target proteins
d) Ras phosphorylates Raf

9. (4) Phospholipase C cleaves PIP2 into _____IP3______ and ______DAG_______.

10. (2) IP3 releases Ca+2 from what cellular compartment?

Endoplasmic reticulum or sarcoplasmic reticulum

11. (2) When acetylcholine binds to muscarininc acetylcholine receptors, activation of

__________________ leads to a decrease in the level of cAMP.
answer: d
a) GS b) Golf c) Gt d) Gi e) Gq

12. (4) Insulin binds to ______RTK________ (type of receptor) on the surface of liver cells to

_____decrease_______ (increase or decrease) glucose in the blood stream, whereas

glucagon binds to ______GPCR________ (type of receptor) on the surface of liver

cells to ____increase______ (increase or decrease) glucose in the blood stream.

13. (2) Phosphorylation and endocytosis are two common mechanisms by which__________
can be downregulated.

a) Cell surface receptors answer: a

b) Adenylyl cyclase
c) Ras
d) Phospholipase C
e) cAMP kinase

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14. (2) What second messenger pathway activates CREB transcription?
answer: d
a) Ca+2 b) IP3 c) DAG d) cAMP e) PIP2

15. (3) List thee three types of neurons.

Sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron.

16. (2) The resting potential of an average neuron is _-60mV (-50 to 70mV is OK) (number
and units).

17. (8) During the propagation of an action potential, __Na+_ ions move __into_ (direction)

the cell due to the opening of _voltage___ gated ___ Na+__ (ion) channels,

thereby depolarizing the membrane. To repolarize the membrane, __voltage__ gated

___K+___ (ion) channels open and __ K+__ ions flow __out of___ (direction)

the cell.

18. (2) The entire timecourse of an action potential is _______________. answer: c

a) 2 seconds b) 0.1 milliseconds c) 2 milliseconds d) 20 seconds e) 20 milliseconds

19. (2) Myelin is derived from Schwann cells and functions to __insulate___ axons and

__increase___ impulse rate.

20. (2) The threshold potential (~-40mV) is measured at the ____________________?

answer: c
a) dendrites b) cell body c) axon hillock d) axon e) axon terminal

21. (2) What type of amino acids allow the S4 domain to detect changes in membrane voltage?
answer: a
a) basic amino acids b) acidic amino acids c) hydrophobic amino acids

22. (2) The N-terminal ball and chain is responsible for V-gated channel inactivation. What is
the effect of lengthening the chain on inactivation?
answer: b or c
a) decreases inactivation time b) increases inactivation time c) no effect

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23. (2) Which type of synapse is faster? a) electrical b) chemical
answer: a

24. (2) When an action potential reaches the axon terminal it triggers the opening of voltage

gated ____Ca+2__________ channels.

25. (4) The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is found on ___muscle____ cells and is a

ligand gated _____Na+/K+ channel___________ (type of molecule).

26. (2) GABA and Glycine act as inhibitory neurotransmitters because they activate

_____Cl-_____ channels that hyperpolarize the post-synaptic cell.

27. (2) Glutamate will only open __NMDA__ receptors after partial depolarization releases

blockage by a ___Mg+2___ ion.

28. (6) Under dark conditions, photoreceptors are __depolarized_ (polarized or depolarized).

When light activates _rhodopsin__ (protein) by causing isomerization of _11-cis_

retinal to _all trans__ retinal, the G-protein transducin is activated. Transducin then

activates cGMP __phosphodiesterase___ (protein), which destroys cGMP and

inactivates cGMP-gated ____Na+/Ca+2___ channels, thereby causing hyperpolarization

and blockage of neurotransmission.

29. (2) The ability to tune out a non-threatening stimulus that you experience frequently is

called __habituation__.

30. (2) During classical conditioning in Aplysia, a weak touch to the siphon is the

____conditioned_____ stimulus , and a blow to the head is the

____unconditioned___ stimulus.

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31. (4) Name two types of cell adhesion molecules that make homophilic interactions.

Cadherins and Ig like CAMs.

32. (2) During leukocyte extravasation, what is the order of cell adhesion molecule binding from
the earliest event to the latest event: answer: a

a) P selectin to carbohydrate, PAF to PAF receptor, L2 integrin to I-CAM

b) PAF to PAF receptor, L2 integrin to I-CAM, P selectin to carbohydrate
c) P selectin to carbohydrate, L2 integrin to I-CAM, PAF to PAF receptor
d) L2 integrin to I-CAM, PAF to PAF receptor, P selectin to carbohydrate
e) PAF to PAF receptor, P selectin to carbohydrate, L2 integrin to I-CAM

33. (2) Collagen triple helices are held into fibers through ______________ crosslinks of lysine
residues at their N and C termini. answer: c

a) hydroxylysine b) hydroxyproline c) aldol d) ascorbic acid e) glycosaminoglycan

34. (2) Cadherins, adapter proteins and keratin intermediate filaments are part of what cell-cell
junction? answer: b

a) tight junctions b) desmosomes c) adherens junction

d) hemi-desmosome e) gap junction

35. (2) Glycosaminoglycan polysaccharides are found on serine and threonine residues in:
answer: a
a) proteoglycans b) hyaluronin c)laminin d) fibronectin e) integrin

36. (2) The two ECM components that comprise the major structural elements of the basal

lamina are __laminin____ and ___collagen IV___.

37. (3) Which Cell-Cell adhesion molecule is dependent on Ca+2?

answer: b
a) Integrin b) Cadherin c) N-CAM d) Fibronectin e) Hyaluronin

38. (2) Growth factors must be bound by which glycosamino glycan before they can bind to
growth factor receptors? answer: b

a) hyaluronin b) heparan sulfate c) chondroitin sulfate d) keratan sufate