Rares etsy 7 rarer na tcaraeeaaes eersiewe: Diplomacy and Displacement Reconsidering the Turco-Greek Exchange of Populations, 1922-1934 Onur YildirimMipp1e East Sruptes History, Poxrrics, AND Law Edited by Shahrough Akhavi University of South Carolina A RourLence SERIESMIpDLE East STUDIES History, Poutics, aNp Law SHAHROUGH AKHAVI, General Editor New Proian Voices Women Building Political Capita in NGOs in the Middle Bast Catixyn S. Magno Tunxey 1 Gerwany ‘The Transnational Sphere of Deutschkei Betigal Ercan Argun Istawic Lay, ErisTemonocy aNp Mopersiry Legal Philosophy in Contemporary iran Ashk P. Dahlen Gener, LizeRacy, AND Eyroweawenr in Morocco Fatima Agnzou “TkarreD BETWEEN THE Mat AND Rraury Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan Mavis T. O°Shes Kurnist Neionaiise: ax PouirtcaL saw 1N TURKEY Kemalist Identity in Transition Omer Taspinar ‘ORGANIZATIONS, GENDER, AND THE (CULTURE OF PALESTINIAN ACTLVISK IN Hours, Isnare Elizabeth Faier PaugstimianIpericy iy JoRDaN AND Tse, ‘The Necessary ‘Other’ in the Making of a Nation Riad M. Nasser STRATEGIES OF RESISTANCE INTHE Dkantaric TEXTS OF NORTH AFRICAN Women A Body of Words Laura Chakravarty Box: IsaM, DEMOCRACY, AND THE StarUs or Women’ ‘The Case of Kutoait Helea Mazy Rizzo LeGiscarinG AUTHORITY Sin ated Crime i the Ottoman Empire ant Terkey Roth A. Miller ‘War ano Micracion Social Networks and Economic Strategies of the Hazavas of Afghanistan ‘Alessandro Monsutt SHaRarPoustics Honor ard Peacemaking in Israeli- Patestirian Society Sharon D. Lang “The Accipewrat Tourist, WILFRID ScAWEN BLUNT, AND THE BRITISH Invasion oF EGYFT in 1882 Michael D. Berdine Dirtomacy anp Disriacement Reconsidering the Tusco-Greek Exchange of Poptslations, 1922-1934 Onur YildbrimDIPLOMACY AND DISPLACEMENT Reconsidering the Turco-Greek Exchange of Populations, 1922-1934 Onur Yildinm Routledge New York & Londonxtledge eutledge Toylor Francis Group Toylr& Francis Group 270 racison Avene Pack Square [New York NY 1DO15 Mikon Pac, Abingdon Gson OKI RN {©2008 by Tylor & Francis Group, LLC Routledge is a pein ofTayee& Francis Graupan Informa business Printed inthe United Stats of Americ on aid wse7es4a21 ee paper lnmernatonal Standard Bork Number 1:0-415.5792-X (Hardcove] Inmeaconal Standord Book Number 13:978-)-415-9798-5 (Hardcover) [Nopartofthisbook maybe reprinted, epreduceltransmited or uiizedin ay form byany electronic, mechanical o other means, new known or hereafer invented inching photocopying. crt, ing receding o in any information sore or retrieval syste, without written pennision frm the publishers ‘Teademath Noti used oly fr identification aod explanation without inten ifenge [beay of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data ‘idioms, Ons 1966- Diplomacy and displacement reconsidering the Toco-Greck exchange of populations 1922-1934 / Onur Yd, cm. -- (Middle Ear sudies istry, politics, ad Iw) Includes bibliographical eerences (pad index I58N 0-415-97982°% Gl paper) I Population transfers-TuAs~History-20chcentury. 2 Population oduct cr corporate names maybe trademarks of registered trademarks and ae sansfers-Grecks--istry-20thcentory.3. Turkey-Emigraton and immigration. a Greve Emigeton and immigstion 9, Torkey-tistory 1918-1960, Greece-Hisiney-1917-1944 | Tiel Series: Mile East studies (Rove (im. Dprssa.yss 2008 SOREASSNNSIN90N2-de22 2006011297 ‘Visit dhe Taylocd Feancis Web site at Intpi/srww teyloraiffeancis.com andthe Routledge Website at Intpilsewarzoutedge-mpcomFor Stireyya DenizTable of Contents List of Tables ANote on Sources ANote on Dates Acknowledgments Introduction, PART ONE: DIPLOMACY. Chapter One Invraduction Chapter Two “The Greek Case Chapter Three “The Turkish Case Chapter Four Conclusion PART TWO: DISPLACEMENT. Chapter Five Inraduction 29 a1 4s él 1 85 7Chapter Six ‘The Convention: The Beginning of the End Chapter Seven “The Refugee Plight Chapter Eight Regimenting the Exchange: Institutions Chapter Nine Conclusion Epilogue Nowes Bibliography Index 1739List of Tables Table 1. ‘Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. ‘Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Nomber of Refugees Who Arrived in Greece by Place of Origin, 1912-1920 Nomber of Muslim Refugees Who Arrived in Anatolia and Istanbul by Place of Origin, 1912-1920 Number of Greek Refugees by Place of Origin (1928) Number of Musliz Refugees by Place of Origin Number of Muslim Refugees in Turkey by Years Number of Muslim Refugees Transferred to Turkey by Boat, 1923-1924 ‘Muslim Refugees Transferred from Creve to Turkey by Boar, December 15, 1923-March 31, 1924 Resertlement Scheme [iskan Cetveli Resettlement of Muslim Refugees According to Place of Origin A Sample List of Decisions of the Mixed Commission 88 90 a a 92. 131 132 141A Note on Sources ‘This study makes extensive use of official documents ob:ained from the Historical Archives of the Greek Ministry of Foxeign Affairs and the Turk- isk Republican Archives. The published minutes of the Turkish Grand National Assembly are also utilized all throughout. The dacuments obtained from the Archives of the Foreign Ministry are found in folios (faketoi} that contain documents ranging in size from a few pages to hundreds. These folios are named according to the subject matter and assigned a letter and uraber that indicate the specific section of the ministry [eg., A, T and T stand for political section) with whick eack folio is related. The folios specially in A and B groups contain a wide range of classified documents such as the official cozsespandence to and from various Greek consulates, minisiries and army divisions, individual reports, blueprints of League of Nations documents, secret reports of various Greek agents, newspaper clip- ppings, translations of articles published in Europe, tke United States and “Turkey, the minutes of the official sessions of refugee-telated instirutions, the Council of the League of Nations and the League of Narions Higher Court of Justice, etc. In referring to these folios only pertaining numbers are quoted throughout the book. Individual document citations are given in quotations. Eack quotation contains information ox the persons involved and/or the title of the report as well as the dare on which the document was originally written, mot the daze on which it was received by the Ministry. The falio number succeeds the closing quotation mark. Some of the docu- ments whose authors are not identified are seferred to as anonymous ‘As for the Turkish sources, the great majority of the decuments were ob:ained from the Republican Archives where the classification process is sill under way. Classified documents have been assigned official numbers thar indicate the institution from which they originated or the subject mattex they address. In endnotes, these numbers are given at the end of citations inxi A Note on Sources trackers, Most of these documents also have atvachmenss, to whick sepa- save numbers have been assigned. Unclassified documents, mestly govern~ ent resolutions, aud the attachments are cited only with their exigixal rumnber of isuauce, The minutes of the Turkish Grand Natioual Assexatly ae available in print and they aze cited according to the information on the caver page of each volume. This information consists of the ‘assembly term? (devre, she conveying year of this assembly fidima senesi, she val ume nuzaber [cif aud the dates covered by the veluiaey the dates shat axe quoted in endnote citations shreughout the book aze those shat are indie cared on the front cover of each volume.A Note on Dates “The sources used throughout this book are dated according to various cal- endar systems. Greek official documents that were obtained from the His- torical Archives of the Greek Ministry of Fossign Affairs for the pre-1923 petiod cazzy the dates written according to the ‘olé” (Julian) and ‘new? (Gregorian) systems! The Juhian calendar is 13 days behind the Gregorian one. Wich che exceprion of a few important dacumenss, only Gregorian dates are given in foomore citations throughout tke book. As for the Orto- man and Turkish sources of this study, they are dated mostly according 10 the fiscal (Russi) calendar and to a lesser extent the Islamic (Hijri) calen- dar? Some of the published material is also dated according to she Islamic calendar. For all practical purposes, the Islamic and fiscal dates are almost always given together with the corresponding dates in the Gregorian system in buackets in endnote citations throughout the book?