Other Technical Details

1. Origin of the Proposal:

FINITE ELEMENT BASED VIBRATION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONALLY

GRADED ROTATING SHAFT SYSTEM UNDER THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

Composite materials and structures are more and more frequently used in advanced
engineering fields mainly because of their high stiffness-to-weight ratio that is particularly
favorable. However, the main downside of composite materials is represented by the
weakness of interfaces between adjacent layers known as delimitation phenomena that
may lead to structural failure. To partially overcome these problems, a new class of
materials named Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) has recently been proposed whose
various material properties vary through the radial and thickness direction in a continuous
manner and thus free from interface weakness. The gradation of material properties
reduces thermal stresses, residual stresses, and stress concentrations. Due to high strength,
high stiffness, and low density characteristics, FGM rotor shafts have been sought as new
potential candidates for replacement of the conventional metallic shafts in many
application areas for the design of rotating mechanical components.

The project work deals with the study of vibration and stability analyses of
functionally graded (FG) spinning shaft system under thermal environment using three
noded beam element based on Timoshenko beam theory (TBT). Temperature field is
assumed to be a uniform distribution over the shaft surface and varied in radial direction
only. Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent and graded in radial
direction according to power law gradation and exponential law gradation respectively. In
the present analysis, the mixture of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) and Stainless Steel (SUS304) is
considered as FG material where metal contain (SUS304) is decreasing towards the outer
diameter of shaft. The FG shafts are modeled as a Timoshenko beam by mounting discrete
isotropic rigid disks on it and supported by flexible bearings that are modeled with viscous
dampers and springs. The analysis of numerical results reveals that temperature field and
power law gradient index have a significance role on the materials properties (such as
Young modulus, Poisson ratio, modulus of rigidity, coefficient of thermal expansion etc.) of
FG shaft.

It has been found that the responses of the FG spinning shaft are significantly
influenced by radial thickness, power law gradient index and internal (viscous and
hysteretic) damping and temperature dependent material properties. The obtained results
also show that the advantages of FG shaft over conventional steel shaft.
2. Review of status of Research and Development in the subject
2.1 International Status:

Nakamura et al., investigated Kalman filter technique which was originally

introduced for signal/digital filter processing, is used to estimate FGM through
thickness compositional variation and a rule-of-mixtures parameter that defines
effective properties of FGMs

Woo and Meguid., presented an analytical solution for the large deflections of
plates and shallow shells made of FGMs under the combined action of thermal and
mechanical loads.

Dimentber., studied both viscous and hysteretic internal damping and listed that
viscous damping is destabilizing at speeds beyond the first critical, hysteretic
damping is destabilizing at all speeds. Gunter and Trumpler, studied the influence of
internal friction on the stability of high speed rotors with anisotropic supports.

Ruhl and Booker, described a FEM for modeling a rotor-system only including
translational inertia and bending effects. Lund, analyzed stability of damped critical
speeds of a flexible rotor supported by identical fluid film bearings.

2.2 National Status:

Kim and Bert, adopted Sanders best first approximation shell theory to determine
critical speeds of a rotating circular cylinder hollow shaft, containing layers of
arbitrary laminated composite material.

Bert and Kim, employed Hamiltons principle to derive equations of motion of

composite shafts and to find out critical speeds. Bert and Kim [11] analyzed the
dynamic instability of a composite drive shaft subjected to fluctuating torque and/
or rotational speed by using various shell theories and they investigated effect of
constant torque and rotational speed.

Chatelet et al, proposed a finite element modeling to reduce the dynamic behavior
of rotating structures and whole disk shaft assembly is supposed to be cyclically
symmetrically. By using FOSD beam theory (continuum based Timoshenko beam
theory)
3. Work Plan
3.1 Methodology:
1. Target population and sample size to be covered

FGMs are relatively new materials and are being studied for the use in
high temperature applications. FGM is an extensive variety of applications in
engineering practice which requires materials performance to vary with locations
within the component. The following applications are noticeable such as,
Aerospace field (space planes, space structures, nuclear reactors, insulations for
cooling structures, Aerospace skins, Rocket engine components, Vibration control,
Adaptive structures etc.). engineering field (Turbine blade, shaft, cutting tool etc.)
Optical field (optical fiber, lens etc.)

2. Methods of data collection

Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are those composite materials

where the composition or the microstructure is locally varied so that a certain
variation of the local material properties is achieved. FGM is also defined as,
those in which the volume fraction of two or more materials are achieved
continuously as a function of position along certain directions of the structure
to achieve a required function (e.g. mixture of ceramic and metal).It is
materially heterogeneous which is defined for those objects with and/or
multiple material objects with clear material domain.

3. Sources of the data

Rotor is a rotating part of a mechanical device or structures

supported by bearings and influenced by internal phenomena that rotate freely
about an axis fixed in space. Engineering components concerned with the
subject of rotor dynamics are rotors in machines, especially of turbines,
generators, motors, compressors, blowers, alternators, pumps, brakes,
distributors.

4. Reference period of the data to be covered

The Reference period of the data is 2014 to 2016 and it will be

continued up to completion of the project.
3.2 Time Schedule of activities giving milestones through BAR diagram.

3.3 Suggested Plan of action for utilization of research outcome expected from the
project.

A three nodded beam finite element has been implemented for modeling and
vibration analysis of the FG shaft system by incorporating both the internal viscous
and hysteretic damping in the thermal environment.

The temperature distribution is nonlinear along the radial direction of the cross
section of FG shaft.

3.4 Environmental impact assessment and risk analysis.

Since there is no transportation there will be no pollution

4. Expertise:
4.1 Expertise available with the investigators in executing the project:

Dr. N. SHANMUGA SUNDARAM

BALAMURUGAN C.M
ANSYS 4.0, SOLID WORKS, SOLID EDGE,PRO/E,AUTO CAD,HYPER MESH,CATIA

D.AJAIY
Linear & Non linear Structural Analysis, Formability diagrams, Jigs and Fixture
design, time study, PERT, process mapping, etc.
4.2 Summary of roles/responsibilities for all Investigators:

S.No. Name of the Investigators Roles/Responsibilities

1. Dr. N. SHANMUGA SUNDRAM PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
2. BALAMURUGAN C M Co-PI
3. D.AJAIY Co-PI

4.3 Key publications published by the Investigators pertaining to the theme of the
proposal during the last 5 years

International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, ISSN No 2229-5518

[1]. Balamurugan C.M, Krishnaraj.R, Computer Aided Modeling and Optimization of Crankshaft,
International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, Volume 2, Issue 8.

International Journal for Scientific Research and Development , Volume 4, Issue 5 , ISSN No 2321-
0613

[2]. Balamurugan C.M, D.Ajaiy, An Experimental Studies on a Solar Still Using any Energy Storage
Medium, International Journal for Scientific Research and Development , Volume 4, Issue 5 .

Indian Journal of Applied Research, Volume 6, Issue 4 Pg No 493-496, ISSN No 2249-555X

[3]. Ajaiy D., Sathrudhan Choudhary V., Seenivasan S., Baskar R., Design of tool holder to
compensate tool x-offset for turning tools, Indian Journal of Applied Research, Volume 6, Issue 4
Pg No 493-496, ISSN No 2249-555X (Indexing: Google scholar, Index Copernicus). Impact factor
3.919 (SJIF-2015).
 4.4 Bibliography

1. Singh, S.P., Gupta, K, 1996, Composite shaft rotor dynamic analysis using layer wise
theory, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 191(5), pp. 739-756.

2. Forrai, L., 2000, A finite element model for stability analysis of symmetrical rotor system
with internal damping, Journal of Computational and Applied Mechanics, 1 (1), pp. 37-47.

3. Zorzi, E.S., Nelson, H.D., 1980, The dynamic of Rotor-bearing systems with axial torque a
finite element approach, Journal of Mechanical Design, 102, pp. 158-161.

4. Bert, C.W., Kim, C.D., 1995, Dynamic instability of composite-material drive shaft subjected
to fluctuating torque and/or rotational speed, Dynamics and Stability of Systems, 2, pp.
125-147.

5. Chakraborty, A., Gopalakrishnan, S., Reddy, J. N., 2003, A New Beam Finite Element for the
Analysis of Functionally Graded Materials, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,
45(3), pp. 519-539.

5. List of Projects submitted/implemented by the Investigators

5.1 Details of Projects submitted to various funding agencies:

S. No Title Cost in Lakh Month of Role as PI/Co- Agency Status
submission PI
NA
NA

5.2 Details of Projects under implementation

S. No Title Cost in Lakh Duration Role as PI/Co-PI Agency

NA
NA

5.3 Details of Projects completed during the last 5 years

S. No Title Cost in Lakh Duration Role as PI/Co-PI Agency

NA
NA
6. List of facilities being extended by parent institution(s) for the project
implementation.

6.1 Infrastructural Facilities

Sr. No. Infrastructural Facility Yes/No/ Not required Full

or sharing basis
1. Workshop Facility Yes
2. Water & Electricity Yes
3. Laboratory Space/ Furniture Yes
4. Power Generator Yes
5. AC Room or AC Not required
6. Telecommunication including e-mail & fax Yes
7. Transportation Yes
8. Administrative/ Secretarial support Not required
9. Information facilities like Internet/Library Yes
10. Computational facilities Yes
11. Animal/Glass House Not required
12. Any other special facility being provided Not required

6.2 Equipment available with the Institute/ Group/ Department/Other Institutes for
the project:
Equipment Generic Name Model, Make & Remarks including
available with of Equipment year of purchase accessories available and
current usage of
equipment
PI & his group Computer Any NA
PI's Department Computer Any NA
Other Institute(s)
in the region NA NA NA
7. Name and address of experts/institution interested in the subject / outcome of the
project.

1. Dr. B. Praveen
M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology (MSRIT) ,
MSR College Road
Bangalore

2. Dr. V. S. Venugopal
University Visveswaraya College of Engineering (UVCE)
Bangalore