Anuar Statistica Cap1 PDF

GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE
I MEDIU NCONJURTOR
GEOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENT
1
Anuarul Statistic al Romniei / Romanian Statistical Yearbook
CUPRINS TABELE Pagina TABLES CONTENTS
Page
GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL

ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL ORGANISATION
1.1 Poziia geografic a Romniei ............................................................ 10 Geographical position of Romania

1.2 Lungimea frontierelor Romniei ........................................................ 10 Length of Romanias borders
1.3 Principalele altitudini muntoase ........................................................ 11 Major mountain peaks
1.4 Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe
teritoriul Romniei .................................................................................. 12 Length of major rivers on Romanian territory
1.5 Principalele lacuri naturale .................................................................. 13 Major natural lakes
1.6 Principalele lacuri antropice ................................................................ 14 Major anthropic lakes
1.7 Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din Romnia ...............15 Average height of major towns in Romania
1.8 Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei, Administrative organisation of Romanian territory,
la 31 decembrie 2006 ............................................................................. 16 on December 31, 2006
METEOROLOGIE METEOROLOGY
Temperatura aerului i precipitaiile atmosferice nregistrate Air temperature and precipitations registered at
la principalele staii meteorologice, n anul 2006 ....................... 17 the main meteorological stations, in 2006
1.9 Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual) .............................. 18 Air temperature (monthly and yearly average)
1.10 Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i Air temperature (monthly and yearly absolute
minima absolut lunar i anual) .................................................... 20 maximum and absolute minimum)
1.11 Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual) ................. 28 Precipitations (monthly and yearly quantity)
MEDIU NCONJURTOR ENVIRONMENT
Resurse naturale Natural resources

1.12 Ariile protejate, n anul 2006 ................................................................ 30 Protected areas, in 2006
1.13 Rezervaii ale biosferei, n anul 2006 ................................................ 30 Biosphere reservations, in 2006
1.14 Parcurile naionale i principalele
parcuri naturale, n anul 2006 ............................................................. 31 National and major natural parks, in 2006
1.15 Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivit Water resources assured, according to the
gradului de amenajare, n anul 2006 ............................................... 31 arrangement level, in 2006
Calitatea factorilor de mediu Environment factors quality

1.16 Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2006 .................................... 32 Superficial water quality, in 2006
1.17 Defolierea arborilor la principalele specii i la toate Trees defoliation, for the main species and all ages, by
vrstele, pe clase de defoliere, n anul 2006 .................................. 32 defoliation classes, in 2006
1 Msuri de protecie
1.18 Investiii pentru protecia mediului, pe sectoare de activitate,
Protection measures
Investments for environment protection, by sector
domenii de mediu i pe categorii de productori, of activity, environment field and category
n anul 2006 ............................................................................................... 33 of producers, in 2006
1.19 Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului, Internal current expenditure for environment
pe sectoare de activitate, domenii de mediu i pe categorii protection, by sector of activity, environment field and
de productori, n anul 2006 ............................................................... 34 category of producers, in 2006
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SURSA DATELOR DATA SOURCE
Cercetri statistice: Statistical surveys:

Cercetarea statistic privind cheltuielile pentru protecia Statistical survey on environment protection expenditure, filled
mediului, completat de operatori economici i unitile in by economic operators and public administration units.
administraiei publice.
Surse administrative: Administrative sources:
Institutul de Geografie Bucureti; Institute of Geography Bucharest;
Inspectoratul General al Poliiei de Frontier din cadrul General Inspectorate of Border Police within the Ministry of
Ministerului Internelor i Reformei Administrative; Interior and Administrative Reform;
Administraia Naional de Meteorologie; National Administration of Meteorology;
Ministerul Mediului i Dezvoltrii Durabile; Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development;
Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului; National Agency of Environment;
Regia Naional a Pdurilor; National Company of Forests;
Administraia Naional "Apele Romne". National Administration Romanian Waters.
GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE GEOGRAPHY AND

ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION
PREZENTARE DESCRIPTION
Romnia este situat n centrul geografic al Europei Romania is situated in geographical center of Europe
(sud-estul Europei Centrale), la nord de Peninsula Balcanic, la (south-east of Central Europe) at north of Balkan Peninsula at the
jumtatea distanei dintre Coasta Atlanticului i Munii Ural, n half of distance between Atlantic Coast and The Urals, inside and
interiorul i exteriorul arcului Munilor Carpai, pe cursul inferior outside the Carpathians Arch, on the Danube (1075 km) lower
al Dunrii (1075 km) i cu ieire la Marea Neagr. course and has exit to the Black Sea.
De altfel, paralela 45N cu meridianul 25E se intersecteaz Otherwise, parallel 45N with the meridian 25E intersects near
n apropiere de centrul geometric al rii, la 100 km N-V de the geometrical center of the country, 100 km N-V of the country
capitala rii, Bucureti. capital, Bucharest.
Cu o suprafa de 238391 km2, Romnia este a 12-a ar ca Romania is the twelfth country of Europe, having an area of
mrime a Europei. 238391 km2.
Ieirea la mare nlesnete legturile cu rile din bazinul The exit to the sea enables the connections with the countries
Mrii Negre, bazinul Mrii Mediterane i, prin intermediul in the Black Sea basin, in the Mediterranean Sea basin and, by
acesteia, cu restul lumii. means of this, rest of the world.
Litoralul romnesc al Mrii Negre se desfoar pe 245 km, Romanian seaside of the Black Sea is lying on 245 km, between
ntre grla Musura (grania cu Ucraina) i localitatea Vama Veche Musura stream (at the border with Ukraine) and Vama Veche
(grania cu Bulgaria). locality (at the border with Bulgaria).
Relieful Romniei se compune din trei trepte majore: cea Romania's relief consists of three major levels: the highest one
nalt a Munilor Carpai (cel mai nalt vrf Moldoveanu 2544 m),
cea medie care corespunde Subcarpailor, dealurilor i
in the Carpathians (the highest peak Moldoveanu 2544 m), the
middle one which corresponds to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills
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podiurilor i cea joas, a cmpiilor, luncilor i Deltei Dunrii. and to the plateaus and the lowest one in plains, meadows and
Delta Dunrii, cea mai tnr unitate de relief, n continu Danube Delta. The Danube Delta, the youngest relief unit under
formare, are altitudinea medie de 0,52 m. permanent formation, has the average height of 0.52 m.
Caracteristicile principale ale unitilor de relief sunt Main features of relief units are proportionality (31%
proporionalitatea (31% muni, 36% dealuri i podiuri, 33% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and meadows) and
cmpii i lunci) i dispunerea concentric a treptelor majore ale concentric display of the relief major levels.
reliefului.
Clima Romniei este temperat-continental de tranziie, cu Romanias climate is temperate-continental of transition,
influene oceanice dinspre vest, mediteraneene dinspre sud- with oceanic influences from the West, Mediterranean ones from
vest i continental-excesive din est. Temperatura medie South-West and continental-excessive ones from the East.
multianual este difereniat latitudinal, respectiv 8C n nord i Multiannual average temperature is latitudinally different, 8C in
peste 11C n sud, i altitudinal, cu valori de -2,5C n etajul the North and over 11C in the South, and altitudinally, with values
montan (Vrfu Omu - masivul Bucegi) i 11,6C n cmpie (oraul of -2.5C in the mountain floor (Omu peak - Bucegi massif) and
Zimnicea - judeul Teleorman). 11.6C in the plain (Zimnicea town - Teleorman county).
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Precipitaiile anuale scad n intensitate de la vest la est, Yearly precipitations decrease in intensity from west to east,
respectiv de la peste 600 mm la mai puin de 500 mm n Cmpia from over 600 mm to less 500 mm in the East Romanian Plain,
Romn de Est, sub 450 mm n Dobrogea i circa 350 mm pe litoral, under 450 mm in Dobrogea and about 350 mm by seaside, in the
pentru ca n regiunile muntoase s ajung la 1000-1500 mm. mountainous areas they reach 1000-1500 mm.
Apele curgtoare ale Romniei sunt dispuse radial, marea Romanian running waters are radially displayed, most of
majoritate avnd izvoarele n Carpai. Principalul colector al them having the springs in the Carpathians. Their main collector is
acestora este fluviul Dunrea, care strbate ara n partea sudic the Danube river, which crosses the country in the south on 1075
pe o lungime de 1075 km i se vars n Marea Neagr. km length and flows into the Black Sea.
Lacurile sunt reprezentate prin lacuri naturale (numeroase The lakes are represented by natural lakes (numerous genetic
tipuri genetice) rspndite n toate unitile majore de relief, types) spread in all major units of relief, from glacial ones in the
de la cele glaciare n etajul alpin (Lacul Mioarelor - Fgra la alpine floor (Mioarelor Lake - Fgra 2282 m) to river-maritime
2282 m) la limanele fluvio-maritime (Lacul Techirghiol la 1,5 m) banks (Techirghiol Lake at 1.5 m) and anthropic lakes, as well in all
i prin lacuri antropice, de asemenea n toate unitile de relief. relief units.
Vegetaia este condiionat de relief i de elementele The vegetation is determined by the relief and by pedo-
pedo-climatice, ntlnindu-se o dispunere etajat a acesteia. climatic elements, being displayed in floors. Mountainous regions
Regiunile montane sunt acoperite de pduri de conifere are covered by coniferous forests (especially spruce fir), mixture
(ndeosebi molid), pduri de amestec (fag, brad i molid) i forests (beech, fir-tree, spruce fir) and beech forests. Higher peaks
pduri de fag. Pe culmile mai nalte se afl pajiti alpine i are covered by alpine lawns and bushes of dwarf pine, juniper,
tufriuri de jneapn, ienupr, afin, merior i altele. bilberry, red bilberry a.s.o.
n regiunile de deal i de podi se ntlnesc pduri de foioase In the hills and plateaus regions there are broad-leaved forests,
n care predomin fagul, gorunul sau stejarul; pe dealurile joase prevailing beech, common oak or durmast oak; the main forest
i cmpiile nalte, adesea, principalele specii care alctuiesc species often met on low hills and high plains are Quercus cerris and
pdurile sunt cerul i grnia. Quercus frainetto.
Vegetaia de step i de silvostep, care ocupa ariile cu The steppe and silvosteppe vegetation, which covered the
deficit de umiditate din Podiul Dobrogei, Cmpia Romn, areas of low humidity in Dobrogea Plateau, Romanian Plain,
Podiul Moldovei, Cmpia Banatului i Crianei, a fost, n cea mai Moldova Plateau, Banat and Criana Plain has been mostly
mare parte, nlocuit prin culturi agricole. replaced by agricultural crops.
Fauna Romniei este grupat pe areale difereniate n Romania's fauna is grouped by different areals according to
funcie de biotopul fiecrei specii. n etajul alpin apar elemente each species biotype. Relict elements as black goat (chamois) and
relicte precum capra neagr i vulturul de munte. n pdurile mountain vulture live in the alpine area. In the Carpathian forests
carpatine triesc diferite mamifere: urs, cerb, rs, lup, mistre, live various animals: bear, buck, lynx, wolf, wild boar, roebuck,
cprior, veveri i un numr mare de specii de psri. n cteva squirrel and several species of birds. In a few mountainous areas
regiuni muntoase se mai pstreaz cocoul de munte i cocoul both mountain cock and birch cock are still met. In the hill and field
de mesteacn; n regiunile de deal i cmpie sunt rspndite: areas there are hares, moles, hedgehogs, various birds, lizards,
iepurele, crtia, ariciul, diferite psri, oprle, batracieni .a.; batrachia a.s.o.; rodent animals as gopher and hamster are
pentru zonele de step sunt caracteristice roztoarele characteristic for the steppe areas. Water fauna is represented
(popndul i hrciogul). Fauna acvatic este reprezentat especially by trout in the mountainous waters (huck which was
ndeosebi prin pstrv n apele de munte (lostria, mai mostly spread in the past has become quite rare); dace and barbel
1 rspndit n trecut, a devenit destul de rar); clean i mrean n

regiunile de deal; crap, biban, tiuc, somn, caras n cele de
in the hill region; carp, perch, pike, sheat fish, crucian in the field
region and Danube Delta; sturgeon species are also met in the
cmpie i Delta Dunrii; n apele marine teritoriale i pe Dunrea marine territorial waters and on the downstream Danube.
inferioar se ntlnesc i specii de sturioni.
Resursele minerale utile ale Romniei sunt variate. Printre Romania's useful minerals resources are various. Among the
principalele resurse minerale utile pot fi menionate: petrolul, cu main useful minerals resources we can mention: crude oil, with old
vechi tradiii de exploatare; gazele naturale; crbunii, n special exploitation traditions; natural gas; coal, especially coking pitcoal,
huila cocsificabil, crbunele brun i lignitul; minereuri feroase i brown coal and lignite; ferrous and nonferrous ores, gold, silver and
neferoase, zcminte de aur, argint i de bauxit; rezerve mari de bauxite ore deposits; vast reserves of salt as well as numerous
sare, precum i o serie de resurse nemetalifere. O categorie aparte nonmetalliferrous resources. A special category of subsoil riches is
a bogiilor de subsol o constituie cele peste 2000 de izvoare de constituted by over 2000 mineral water springs, with consumption
ape minerale, cu valene pentru consum i tratamente medicale. and medical treatments valences.
Teritoriul Romniei este mprit din punct de vedere Romanian territory is divided from administrative viewpoint
administrativ n: sate, comune, orae, municipii i judee. into: villages, communes, towns, municipalities and counties.
Ca uniti teritoriale (non-administrative) au fost create 8 As territorial (non-administrative) units, 8 regions of
regiuni de dezvoltare, constituite prin reuniunea mai multor judee. development were created, gathering several counties.
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Judeul reprezint unitatea administrativ-teritorial tradiional County represents traditional administrative-territorial unit in
n Romnia, alctuit din orae i comune, n funcie de Romania, including towns and communes, depending on
condiiile geografice, economice, social-politice i de legturile geographical, economical and social-political conditions and
culturale i tradiionale ale populaiei. Teritoriul Romniei este population cultural and traditional relations. Romanian territory is
organizat n 42 de judee (inclusiv Municipiul Bucureti). organized into 42 counties (including Bucharest Municipality).
Municipiul este un ora cu un rol economic, social, politic i Municipality is a town, with an important economic, social,
cultural nsemnat avnd, de regul, funcie administrativ. political and cultural role, usually having administrative function.
Oraul reprezint o concentrare uman cu o funcie Town represents a human concentration with administrative
administrativ i un mod de via specific ariilor urbane i o function and a life specific to urban areas and with a population
structur profesional a populaiei n care predomin cea professional structure where the population employed in non-
ocupat n ramurile neagricole. agricultural branches prevails.
Comuna este unitatea administrativ-teritorial care cuprinde Commune is a territorial-administrative unit which comprises
populaia rural unit prin comunitate de interese i tradiii, fiind rural population united by interest and traditional community,
alctuit din unul sau mai multe sate (din care unul este including one or several villages (from which one is commune
reedin de comun). residence).
Satul este cea mai mic unitate teritorial, avnd Village is the smallest territorial unit, having characteristics of
caracteristicile aezrilor de tip rural. rural settlements.
Oraele principale: Bucureti, Iai, Cluj-Napoca, Constana, Main cities: Bucharest, Iai, Cluj-Napoca, Constana,
Timioara, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Timioara, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu,
Piteti, Arad, Sibiu. Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.
Porturile principale: Main harbours:
la Marea Neagr: Constana, Mangalia; at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia;
la Dunre: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, at The Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin,
Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia,
Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea,
Tulcea, Sulina. Sulina.
Aeroporturile principale: Bucureti (Henri Coand- Main airports: Bucharest (Henri Coand-Otopeni and
Otopeni i Bneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Bneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian
Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Vuia), Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Trgu Mure,
Mare, Trgu Mure, Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea. Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea.
Capitala: Municipiul Bucureti (1931236 locuitori, la 1 iulie The capital: Bucharest Municipality (1931236 inhabitants
2006), mprit n ase sectoare administrative. Prima on July 1, 2006), organised into six administrative sectors. The first
menionare documentar dateaz din 20.IX.1459, ca reedin a documentary mention was on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad
lui Vlad epe. Capital a rii Romneti ncepnd din a doua epe. Capital of ara Romneasc since the second half of the
jumtate a secolului al XVII-lea i Capitala Romniei, din anul XVIIth century and Capital of Romania since 1862, Bucharest
1862, municipiul Bucureti este cel mai important centru politic, Municipality is the most important political, economic and cultural-
economic i cultural-tiinific al rii. scientific center of the country.
Limba oficial: limba romn. Official language: Romanian.
Drapelul Romniei este tricolor; culorile sunt aezate vertical
n ordinea urmtoare, ncepnd de la lance: albastru, galben, rou.
Flag of Romania: is three - coloured; the colours are placed
vertically in the following order from the lance: blue, yellow, red.
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Ziua naional a Romniei: 1 Decembrie. National day of Romania: December, 1.
Imnul naional al Romniei este Deteapt-te romne. National anthem of Romania is Wake up, Romanian.
Forma de guvernmnt a Romniei este republica: Government form in Romania is the republic:
Republic, conform Constituiei adoptate n 1991 i Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in 1991 and
modificat n 2003; modified in 2003;
Puterea legislativ este reprezentat de un parlament Legislative power is represented by two chamber Parliament
bicameral (Camera Deputailor i Senatul), iar puterea (Chamber of Deputies and Senate), and executive power is
executiv este exercitat de guvern, condus de un prim- carried out by Government led by Prime Minister appointed by
ministru desemnat de preedintele rii; the countrys President;
Preedintele rii este ales n baza rezultatelor alegerilor President of the country is elected based on general elections
generale prin scrutin universal pentru un mandat de 5 ani. results by universal vote for a 5 years mandate.
Moneda naional: "leu (RON)", cu subdiviziunea ban. National currency: "RON" (Romanian Leu), Ban subdivision.
Cursul monedei naionale este stabilit zilnic pe piaa The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency market on a
valutar interbancar, moneda de referin fiind euro. daily basis, reference currency being euro.
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PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
METEOROLOGIE METEOROLOGY
Cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor fizice din atmosfera The research on physical processes and phenomena in the
terestr, care determin starea timpului i clima, are la baz terrestrial atmosphere, which determine the weather and the
msurtorile i observaiile meteorologice ce se efectueaz climate, relies on the meteorological measurements and
permanent sau periodic n diferite puncte de pe suprafaa observations, permanently or periodically carried out in different
globului terestru i la diferite nlimi n atmosfera liber. points on the terrestrial globe surface and at various altitudes in the
Programul unitar al msurtorilor i observaiilor, precum i alte free atmosphere. The unitary programme of measurements and
activiti meteorologice se asigur prin colaborare observations, as well as other meteorological activities are assured
internaional, n cadrul Administraiei Naionale de by international co-operation within National Administration of
Meteorologie, cu Organizaia Meteorologic Mondial. Meteorology, with the World Meteorology Organisation.
Staia meteorologic reprezint punctul de pe suprafaa The meteorological station represents the point from the
terestr unde se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupra terrestrial surface, where measurements and observations on all
tuturor elementelor i fenomenelor meteorologice, conform meteorological elements and phenomena are carried out in
programului stabilit. Majoritatea observaiilor, msurtorilor i keeping with the programme. Most of meteorological observations,
determinrilor meteorologice de la staii se efectueaz pe measurements and determinations from the stations are
platforma meteorologic situat pe un teren deschis, tipic performed on the meteorological area situated on an open land,
pentru regiunea respectiv, cu dimensionarea standard de typical for the respective region, with the standard dimension of
26 m x 26 m. 26 m x 26 m.
Pentru cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor atmosferice i In order to observe the atmospheric processes and phenomena
pentru calculul diferiilor parametri meteorologici i climatici, and to compute various meteorological and climatic parameters, it
este necesar raportarea observaiilor i msurtorilor, care se is necessary to report observations and measurements, carried out
realizeaz att n spaiu, ct i n timp. both in space and over time.
Programul climatologic reprezint complexul The climatic programme represents the complex of
observaiilor i msurtorilor meteorologice ce se execut la meteorological observations and measurements performed at
staii, dup timpul solar mediu local, att la termenele fixe, ct i stations, according to the local average solar time, both at fixed
continuu n 24 de ore. Permanent, la termenele climatologice deadlines and continuously during 24 hours. Permanently, at the
(1, 7, 13, 19 timp solar mediu local) se efectueaz observaii i climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19 local average solar time), the
msurtori asupra: presiunii atmosferice, vntului, temperaturii observations and measurements are done for: atmospheric
i umezelii aerului, temperaturii suprafeei solului, nebulozitii, pressure, wind, air temperature and humidity, ground surface
precipitaiilor, vizibilitii orizontale. Continuu, n tot cursul zilei temperature, cloudiness, precipitations, horizontal visibility.
i nopii se determin caracteristicile tuturor fenomenelor Continuously, during all day and night, the characteristics of all
meteorologice (hidrometeori, litometeori, electrometeori etc.). meteorological phenomena (hydrometeors, litometeors,
electrometeors a.s.o.) are determined.
Observaiile asupra temperaturii aerului constau n Air temperature observations consist of air temperature
msurarea temperaturii aerului la termenele stabilite i n measurement at the observation deadlines and of determining its
1 determinarea valorilor maxime i minime ale acesteia n

intervalele de timp dintre aceste termene.
maximum and minimum values, during the intervals between the
climatic observation deadlines.
Temperatura aerului se msoar cu instrumente cu citire Air temperature is measured with direct reading instruments, the
direct, psihrometrul cu ventilaie artificial, termometrul de psychrometer with artificial ventilation, the thermometer of
maxim cu mercur i termometrul de minim cu alcool i cu maximum with mercury and the thermometer of minimum with
aparate nregistratoare (termografe). Pentru ca instrumentele cu alcohol and with recording apparatus (thermographs). In view to
care se msoar temperatura i umezeala aerului s nu fie ensure that the instruments for measuring air temperature and
influenate direct de radiaia solar, de radiaia terestr, de humidity are not directly influenced by the solar, terrestrial radiation,
precipitaii i de rafalele vntului, ele se instaleaz n adpostul by precipitations and by wind gusts, they should be placed in the
meteorologic situat la 2 m nlime deasupra solului. meteorological shelter situated at 2 meters high above the ground.
Msurarea cantitilor de ap ce provin din precipitaii The measurement of water quantities coming from
atmosferice sau care se depun din ali hidrometeori se atmospheric precipitations or deposited by other hydrometeors is
efectueaz cu ajutorul pluviometrului, iar nregistrarea continu carried out by means of pluviometer and the continuous recording
a precipitaiilor (lichide) se face cu pluviograful. Cantitile de of precipitations (liquids) is performed with the pluviograph. Water
ap se msoar zilnic la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19) i quantities are daily measured at climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19) and
se exprim prin grosimea stratului de ap czut, they are expressed by the thickness of the fallen water layer,
2 2
n mm (1mm=1l / m ). in mm (1mm=1l / m ).
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MEDIU NCONJURTOR ENVIRONMENT
Resursele de ap reprezint potenialul hidrologic format Water resources represent the hydrological potential
din apele de suprafa i subterane n regim natural i amenajat, consisting of the superficial and underground waters, under
inventariate la nceputul anului, din care se asigur alimentarea natural and arranged conditions, registered at the beginning of the
diverselor folosine. year, of which the utilities are fed.
Ariile naturale protejate, conform O.U.G. nr. 236/2000, Natural protected areas, according to G.P.O. no.236/2000,
reprezint zone terestre, acvatice i/sau subterane, cu represents terrestrial, aquatic and/or underground areas, with
perimetrul legal stabilit i avnd un regim special de ocrotire i legally settled perimeter and with a special protection and
conservare, n care exist specii de plante i animale slbatice, preservation regime, where wild plants and animal species, bio -
elemente i formaiuni biogeografice sau de alt natur, cu geographic elements and formations or of other nature, with
valoare ecologic, tiinific sau cultural deosebit i cuprind: special ecological, scientific or cultural value exist and include:
rezervaii ale biosferei - arii naturale protejate al cror reservations of biosphere - protected natural areas whose
scop este protecia i conservarea unor zone de habitat purpose is the protection and preservation of a natural habitat
natural i a diversitii biologice specifice. Acestea cuprind areas and of specific biologic diversity. They include a complex
un complex de ecosisteme terestre/i sau acvatice, lacuri i of terrestrial and/or aquatic eco - systems, lakes and water
cursuri de ap, zone umede cu comuniti biocenotice courses, humid areas with unique flora and fauna biocenotic
floristice i faunistice unice, cu peisaje armonioase naturale communities, with natural harmonious landscapes or resulted
sau rezultate din amenajarea tradiional a teritoriului, from the traditional arrangement of the territory, eco - systems
ecosisteme modificate sub influena omului i care pot fi modified under human influence and which could be brought
readuse la starea natural, comuniti umane a cror back to natural state, human communities whose existence is
existen este bazat pe valorificarea resurselor naturale pe based on natural resources capitalization based on the durable
principiul dezvoltrii durabile i armonioase; and harmonious development principle;
parcuri naionale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este national parks - natural protected areas whose purpose is the
protecia i conservarea unor eantioane reprezentative protection and preservation of representative samples for the
pentru spaiul biogeografic naional, cuprinznd elemente national bio - geographic space, including natural elements
naturale cu valoare deosebit sub aspect fizico-geografic, with a special value from a physico - geographical aspect,
floristic, faunistic, hidrologic, geologic, paleontologic, flora, fauna, hidrological, geological, paleontological,
speologic, pedologic sau de alt natur, oferind posibilitatea speological, pedological point of view or of another nature,
vizitrii n scopuri tiinifice, educative, recreative i turistice; giving the possibility of visiting them for scientific, educational,
recreative and touristic purpose;
parcuri naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este natural parks - natural protected areas whose purpose is the
protecia i conservarea unor ansambluri peisagistice n protection and preservation of landscape piles in which
care interaciunea activitilor umane cu natura de-a human activities interactions in time created a distinct area,
lungul timpului a creat o zon distinct, cu valoare with landscape and/or cultural significant value, often with a
semnificativ peisagistic i/sau cultural, deseori cu o great biological diversity;
mare diversitate biologic;
rezervaii tiinifice - arii naturale protejate al cror scop scientific reservations - natural protected areas whose
este protecia i conservarea unor habitate naturale terestre purpose is the protection and preservation of terrestrial and/or
i/sau acvatice, cuprinznd elemente reprezentative de aquatic natural habitats, including representative elements of
interes tiinific sub aspect floristic, faunistic, geologic, scientific interest from flora, fauna, geological, speological, 1
speologic, paleontologic, pedologic sau de alt natur; paleontological, pedological point of view or of other nature;
rezervaii naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop natural reservations - natural protected areas whose
este protecia i conservarea unor habitate i specii naturale purpose is the protection and preservation of important
importante sub aspect floristic, faunistic, forestier, natural habitats and species from flora, fauna, forestry,
hidrologic, geologic, speologic, paleontologic, pedologic; hydrological, geological, speological, paleontological,
pedological point of view;
monumente ale naturii - arii naturale protejate al cror natural monuments - natural protected areas whose purpose
scop este protecia i conservarea unor elemente naturale is the protection and preservation of natural elements and of
cu valoare i semnificaie ecologic, tiinific, peisagistic ecological, scientific, landscape special significance,
deosebite, reprezentate de specii de plante sau animale represented by wild plants and animal species, rare, endemic
slbatice rare, endemice sau ameninate cu dispariia, arbori or endangered, secular trees, flora and fauna associations,
seculari, asociaii floristice i faunistice, fenomene geologice geological phenomena - caves, erosion aspects, gorges, water
- peteri, martori de eroziune, chei, cursuri de ap, cascade i courses, waterfalls and other types of geological
alte manifestri i formaiuni geologice, depozite fosilifere, manifestations and formations, fosils deposits, and other
precum i alte elemente naturale cu valoare de patrimoniu natural elements with a natural patrimony value being unique
natural prin unicitatea sau raritatea lor. or rare.
7
Evaluarea calitii apelor de suprafa const n The evaluation of the superficial waters quality is carried
monitorizarea parametrilor biologici hidromorfologici, fizico- out by monitoring the biological hidro - morfological parameters,
chimici, a poluanilor prioritari sau a altor poluani evacuai n physico - chemical, the prioritary pollution agents or other pollution
cantiti importante. Potrivit Legii nr. 310/2004, anexa 11, agents evacuated in important quantities. According to Law
se disting 5 clase de calitate, definite astfel: no.310/2004, annex 11, 5 quality classes are distinguished, defined
as follows:
clasa de calitate I - stare foarte bun - nu exist alterri the first quality class - very good state - no alterations (or
(sau sunt foarte mici) ale valorilor elementelor fizico-chimice very few) of physico-chemical and hydro-morfological quality
i hidromorfologice de calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de elements value exist for the type of superficial waters bodies as
ap de suprafa fa de cele asociate n mod normal cu acel against those normally associated with specific type in
tip n condiii nemodificate; unchanged conditions;
clasa de calitate II - stare bun - valorile elementelor the second quality class - good state - biological quality
biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp de ap de elements values for superficial water body type presents low
suprafa prezint nivele sczute de schimbare datorit levels of change because of human activity, but it slightly
activitilor umane, dar deviaz uor fa de acele valori deviate as against those normal values associated with
normale asociate cu tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa n superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions;
condiii nemodificate;
clasa de calitate III - stare moderat - valorile elementelor the third quality class - moderate state - biological quality
biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp de ap de elements values for superficial water body type moderately
suprafa deviaz moderat fa de acelea care sunt n mod deviates as against those which are normally associated with
normal asociate cu tipul de corp de ap de suprafa n superficial water body type in unchanged conditions. These
condiii nemodificate. Valorile prezint semne moderate de values presents moderate perturbation signs because of
perturbare ca urmare a activitilor umane i sunt esenial human activities and are essentially perturbated as against the
perturbate fa de valorile din condiiile de stare bun; good state conditions values;
clasa de calitate IV - slab - prezint dovezi de alterri the fourth quality class - poor - presents major alteration
majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de calitate pentru proofs of the biological quality elements values for superficial
tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i n care comunitile water bodies type in which important biological communities
biologice importante deviaz semnificativ de la valorile significantly deviates from the normal values associated with
normale asociate cu tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa n superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions;
condiii nemodificate;
clasa de calitate V - proast - prezint dovezi de alterri the fifth quality class - bad - presents major alteration
majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de calitate pentru proofs of the biological quality elements values for superficials
tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i n care pri mari din water bodies type and in which big parts from important
comunitile biologice importante care sunt n mod normal biological communities which are normally associated with
asociate cu tipul de corpuri de apa de suprafa n condiii superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions are
nemodificate, sunt absente. absent.
Gradul de defoliere a coroanei arborilor este unul dintre Tree crown defoliation is one of indicators expressing forests
indicatorii care exprim starea de sntate a pdurilor. state of health.
1 Datele privind starea pdurilor provin din sondajele realizate

de ctre Regia Naional a Pdurilor prin reeaua naional de
Data on forests state come from the sample surveys carried out
by National Company of Forests through the permanent samplings
sondaje permanente, observrile efectundu-se n 3879 de national network, observations being carried out in 3879
parcele de sondaj (cu o suprafa de 4x4 km fiecare). permanent sample lots (on 4x4 Km area).
n anul 2006 au fost inventariai selectiv 97626 arbori, din n 2006, 97626 trees were selectively inventaried of which
care 24862 la specia rinoase i 72764 la specia foioase. 24862 resinous and 72764 broad - leaved species.
Defolierea este evaluat prin proporia frunzelor czute n raport The defoliation is evaluated by the share of fallen leaves, according
cu normele stabilite i se detaliaz n 5 clase: to the set up norms and is divided into 5 classes:
clasa 0: 0-10% = neafectat; 0 class: 0-10% = unaffected;

clasa 1: 11-25% = uor; 1 class: 11-25% = slight;
clasa 2: 26-60% = mediu; 2 class: 26-60% = medium;
clasa 3: 61-99% = sever; 3 class: 61-99% = severe;
clasa 4: 100% = uscat. 4 class: 100% = dry.
8
Cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului includ investiiile i Environment protection expenditure include investment
cheltuielile curente interne pentru desfurarea activitilor de and internal current expenditure for carrying out the activities of
supraveghere i protecie a mediului, i care se refer la environment observation and protection and refer to environment
prevenirea sau repararea pagubelor aduse acestuia. damages prevention or repair.
Investiiile pentru protecia mediului includ cheltuielile Investments for environment protection include the
efectuate pentru lucrri de construcii, de instalaii i de montaj, expenditure made for construction, installations and building
pentru achiziionarea de utilaje, mijloace de transport, alte works, for equipment, transport means purchasing, other
cheltuieli destinate crerii de noi mijloace fixe pentru expenditure meant to create new fixed assets for the development,
dezvoltarea, modernizarea, reconstrucia celor existente, cu modernization, reconstruction of the already existent ones, having
scopul de protecie a mediului. Ele includ, de asemenea, the purpose of environment protection. They also include the value
valoarea serviciilor legate de transferul de proprieti al of services related to existent fixed assets and land ownership
mijloacelor fixe existente i al terenurilor (taxe, materiale, transfer (taxes, materials, commissions, loading-unloading
comisioane, cheltuieli de transport de ncrcare - descrcare). transport expenditure).
Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului Current internal expenditure for environment
nsumeaz cheltuielile efectuate pentru operarea, repararea i protection are made of the expenditure for operating, repairs
ntreinerea instalaiilor i utilajelor pentru protecia mediului de and maintenance of installations and equipment for
ctre personalul ntreprinderii. Ele includ salariile i impozitele environment protection by enterprise staff. They include
aferente i cheltuielile materiale (materii prime, materiale, salaries and taxes and material expenditure (raw materials,
combustibili, energie, ap etc.). Cheltuielile curente interne nu materials, fuels, energy, water a.s.o.). The current internal
includ cheltuielile pentru achiziionarea de servicii de mediu de expenditure do not include environmental services purchased
la teri. from thirds.
Categoriile de productori de servicii pentru protecia Categories of service producers for environment
mediului sunt: protection are:
productorii specializai - uniti care execut activiti de specialised producers - units carrying out an activity of
protecia mediului ca activitate principal, care se regsesc environment protection as their main activity, which are to be
n CAEN Rev.1, la: diviziunea 90 (eliminarea deeurilor i a found at CANE Rev.1, at: division 90 (sewage and refuse
apelor uzate, asanare, salubritate i activiti similare), disposal, sanitation and similar activities), division 37 (recovery
diviziunea 37 (recuperarea deeurilor i resturilor de of waste and scraps of recycled materials), division 41 (water
materiale reciclabile), diviziunea 41 (captarea, tratarea i collection, purification and distribution), and 5157 class
distribuia apei) i clasa 5157 (comer cu ridicata al (wholesale of waste and remains);
deeurilor i resturilor);
productorii nespecializai - uniti care execut o non-specialised producers - units carrying out an activity of
activitate de protecia mediului ca activitate secundar sau environment protection as their secondary or auxiliary activity.
auxiliar la o activitate principal. Activitatea principal nu Their main activity is not the environment protection. These
este una de protecia mediului. Aceste uniti se regsesc n units are found in the sector of production (CANE Rev. 1,
sectorul producie (CAEN Rev.1, diviziunile: 02,10-45, divisions: 02,10-45, excluding divisions 37, 41);
exclusiv diviziunile: 37, 41);
administraia public - toate unitile administraiei public administration - local and central units of public
publice locale i centrale a cror producie de servicii de
protecia mediului non-pia este destinat consumului
administration whose non-market production of environment
protection services is meant for individual and collective
1
individual i colectiv. consumption.
Activitile specifice de protecia mediului sunt grupate Specific activities of environment protection are grouped
astfel: as follows:
prevenirea i combaterea polurii (protecia aerului, pollution prevention and reduction (air protection, water
protecia apei, managementul deeurilor, protecia solului protection, wastes management, soil and underground waters
i a apelor subterane); protection);
protecia resurselor naturale i conservarea biodiversitii natural resources protection and biodiversity
(protecia speciilor, arii protejate, remediere i reconstrucie preservation (species protection, protected areas, ecological
ecologic, refacerea mediului acvatic, prevenirea remedy and reconstruction, aquatic environment restoration,
fenomenelor naturale periculoase); prevention of dangerous natural phenomena);
alte domenii (cercetare-dezvoltare, administrare general a other activities (research-development, environment general
mediului, reducerea zgomotului i a vibraiilor, protecia administration, noise and vibrations reduction, protection
mpotriva radiaiilor, educaie, instruire, informare). against radiation, education, training, looking for
information).
9
1.1 POZIIA GEOGRAFIC A ROMNIEI
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF ROMANIA
1)
Punctul extrem (localitatea) Judeul Longitudinea estic Latitudinea nordic
1)
Extreme point (locality) County Longitude east Latitude north
Nord Satul Horoditea Botoani 26o42'05'' 48o15'06''

North Horoditea village
Sud Oraul Zimnicea Teleorman 25o23'32'' 43o37'07''

South Zimnicea town
Est Oraul Sulina Tulcea 29o41'24'' 45o09'36''

East Sulina town
Vest Comuna Beba Veche Timi 20o15'44'' 46o07'27''

West Beba Veche commune
1)
Dup Greenwich. / According to Greenwich.
1.2 LUNGIMEA FRONTIERELOR ROMNIEI
LENGTH OF ROMANIAS BORDERS
km
Lungimea frontierelor / Border length
Total Terestr Fluvial Maritim
Total Land River Sea
Total granie 3149,9 1085,6 1816,9 247,4 Total borders

Bulgaria 631,3 139,1 470,0 22,2 Bulgaria
Republica Moldova 681,3 - 681,3 - Republic of Moldova
Serbia 546,4 256,8 289,6 - Serbia
Ucraina 649,4 273,8 343,9 31,7 Ukraine
Ungaria 448,0 415,9 32,1 - Hungary
Marea Neagr 193,5 - - 193,5 Black Sea
Not: Lungimile frontierelor sunt oficializate numai cu Serbia i Ungaria, celelalte frontiere fiind calculate unilateral.
Note: Lengths of borders are official only with Serbia and Hungary, the other borders being unilaterally calculated.
1.3 PRINCIPALELE ALTITUDINI MUNTOASE
MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS
Denumirea vrfului muntos Denumirea masivului muntos Judeul Altitudinea vrfului (m)
Name of peak Name of massif County Height (m)
Moldoveanu Fgra Arge 2544
Negoiu Fgra Arge, Braov, Sibiu 2535
Parngu Mare Parng Gorj, Hunedoara 2519
Peleaga Retezat Hunedoara 2509
Omu Bucegi Prahova, Braov, Dmbovia 2505
Retezat Retezat Hunedoara 2482
Iezerul Mare Iezer Arge 2462
Ppua Iezer Arge 2391
Pietrosu Rodna Maramure 2303
Gugu Godeanu Cara-Severin, Hunedoara 2291
Suru Fgra Sibiu, Vlcea 2283
Ineu Rodna Bistria-Nsud 2279
Cindrel Cindrel Sibiu 2244
tefleti Lotru Sibiu, Vlcea 2242
La Om (Piscul Baciului) Piatra Craiului Braov 2238
Godeanu Godeanu Cara-Severin, Gorj 2229
Cleanu arcu Cara-Severin 2190
arcu arcu Cara-Severin 2190
Leaota Leaota Dmbovia, Arge 2133
Vrful lui Ptru ureanu Hunedoara 2130
Ursu Cpna Vlcea 2124
Pietrosu Climan Suceava, Mure 2100
ureanu ureanu Hunedoara 2059
Farcu Maramure Maramure 1956
Ciuca Ciuca Braov, Prahova 1954
Toroiaga Maramure Maramure 1930
Ocolau Mare Ceahlu Neam 1907
Toaca Ceahlu Neam 1900
Straja Vlcan Gorj, Hunedoara 1868
Budacu Bistria Neam, Suceava 1859
Giumalu Raru Suceava 1856
Cucurbta Mare Bihor Bihor, Alba 1849
ible ible Maramure, Bistria-Nsud 1837
Vldeasa Vldeasa Cluj 1836
Muntele Mare Muntele Mare Alba, Cluj 1826
Harghita Mdra Harghita Harghita 1800
Hmau Mare Hma Harghita, Neam 1792
Pietrosu Bistria Suceava 1791
Goru Vrancea Buzu, Vrancea 1784
Lcu Vrancea Covasna, Vrancea 1777
Saca Gurghiu Mure 1776
Penteleu Penteleu Buzu 1772
Vlacu Mic Munii Cernei Cara-Severin 1733
Cozia Cozia Vlcea 1668
Grindu Tarcu Bacu 1664
Raru Raru Suceava 1650
Nemira Nemira Bacu 1649
Lucina Obcina Mestecni Suceava 1588
Cucu Harghita Harghita, Covasna 1558
Bivolu Stnioara Neam 1530
Pacani Obcina Feredeu Suceava 1495
Vrful lui Stan Mehedini Mehedini 1466
Piatra Goznei Semenic Cara-Severin 1447
Guti Guti Maramure 1443
Poienia Munii Metaliferi Alba 1437
Pade Poiana Rusc Timi, Cara-Severin 1374
Dmbu Trascu Alba 1369
Igni Guti Maramure 1307
Ciomatu Bodoc Harghita 1301
Detunata Munii Metaliferi Alba 1258
Svinecea Mare Almj Cara-Severin 1224
Leordi Munii Aninei Cara-Severin 1160
Pleu Codru Moma Arad, Bihor 1112
Vrful Cetii Perani Braov 1104
Mgura Priei Mese Slaj 996
Drocea Zarand Arad 836
uuiatu Mcin Tulcea 467
1.4 LUNGIMEA PRINCIPALELOR CURSURI DE AP DE PE TERITORIUL ROMNIEI
LENGTH OF MAJOR RIVERS ON ROMANIAN TERRITORY
Denumirea cursului de ap Lungimea cursului de ap (km) Suprafaa bazinului (km 2)

River name Length of the river (km) Basin area (km 2 )
Dunre 1075 332501)
Mure 761 27890
Prut 742 10990
Olt 615 24050
Siret 559 42890
Ialomia 417 10350
Some 376 15740
Arge 350 12550
Jiu 339 10080
Buzu 302 5264
Dmbovia 286 2824
Bistria 283 7039
Jijia 275 5757
Trnava Mare 246 6253
Timi 244 5673
Criul Alb 234 4240
Vedea 224 5430
Moldova 213 4299
Brlad 207 7220
Trnava Mic 196 2071
Prahova 193 3738
Neajlov 186 3720
Olte 185 2663
Someul Mic 178 3773
Suceava 173 2298
Bega 170 2362
Arie 166 3005
Trotu 162 4456
1)
Fr afluenii care formeaz bazine de ordinul 1. / Excluding the tributaries which form the first degree basins.
1.5 PRINCIPALELE LACURI NATURALE
MAJOR NATURAL LAKES
Denumirea lacului natural Judeul Suprafaa (ha) Volum (mil. m3)

Natural lake name County Area (ha) Volume (mill. m 3 )
Lacuri n circuri glaciare / Lakes of glacial circuses
Bucura Hunedoara 10,5 0,5
Znoaga Mare Hunedoara 9,0 1,0
Blea Sibiu 4,7 0,2
Clcescu Gorj 3,0 0,1
Lacuri n cratere vulcanice / Lakes of volcanic crater
Sfnta Ana Harghita 22,0 0,6
Lacuri n depresiuni carstice / Lakes of karstic depressions
Zton Mehedini 20,0 1,0
Iezerul Ighiu Alba 5,3 0,2
Vintileasca Vrancea 4,7 0,1
Lacuri de baraj natural / Lakes of natural barrage
Lacul Rou Harghita 12,6 0,7
Bltu Bacu 6,0 0,1
Lacuri n crovuri (depresiuni de tasare) / Clasto-karstic lakes
Ianca Brila 322,0 1,6
Movila Miresii Brila 180,0 4,5
Lacul Srat-Brila Brila 39,0 0,2
Limane fluviatile / River banks
Oltina Constana 2509,0 60,0
Iezerul Mostitei Clrai 1860,0 160,01)
Balta Alb Buzu, Brila 1012,0 5,1
Jirlu Brila 890,0 5,6
Amara-Buzu Buzu 600,0 3,6
Snagov Ilfov 575,0 17,3
Cldruani Ilfov 224,0 4,5
Hazarlc Constana 168,0 0,8
Amara-Ialomia Ialomia 132,0 2,6
Limane fluvio-maritime / River - maritime banks
Taaul Constana 2335,0 57,0
Techirghiol Constana 1161,0 41,8
Mangalia Constana 261,0 15,7
Tatlageac Constana 178,0 14,0
Lagune marine / Maritime lagoons
Razim Tulcea 41500,0 909,0
Sinoie Constana 17150,0 210,7
Zmeica Tulcea 5460,0 45,6
Siutghiol Constana 1900,0 88,7
Lacuri de lunc / River meadow lakes
Brate Galai 2111,0 30,0
Bistre Dolj 1867,0 28,0
Suhaia Teleorman 1094,0 18,0
Lacul Rotund Tulcea 219,0 2,0
Lacuri din Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta lakes
Dranov Tulcea 2170,0 21,7
Lacul Rou Tulcea 1445,0 21,7
Gorgova Tulcea 1377,5 13,8
Lumina Tulcea 1367,5 20,5
Merhei Tulcea 1057,5 15,9
Furtuna Tulcea 977,5 9,8
Matia Tulcea 652,5 9,8
1)
Volum rezultat din lucrrile de amenajare pentru irigaii. / Volume resulted from planning works for irrigations.
1.6 PRINCIPALELE LACURI ANTROPICE
MAJOR ANTHROPIC LAKES
Suprafaa la nivel Volumul la nivel normal

Denumirea lacului antropic Judeul normal de retenie (ha) de retenie (mil. m 3) Categoria de folosin
Anthropic lake name County Area at normal level Volume at normal level Category of use
of afflux (ha) of afflux (mill. m 3 )
Porile de Fier Mehedini 70000,01) 2400,0 energie / energy

Ostrovu Mare Mehedini 7920,0 800,0 energie / energy
Stnca-Costeti Botoani 5900,0 735,0 complex / complex
Izvorul Muntelui-Bicaz Neam 3100,0 1130,0 energie / energy
Strejeti Olt 2204,0 202,7 energie / energy
Ipoteti Olt 1692,0 110,0 energie / energy
Frunzaru Olt 1280,0 96,0 energie / energy
Izbiceni Olt 1095,0 74,0 energie / energy
Drgneti Olt 1080,0 76,0 energie / energy
Mihileti Ilfov 1013,0 76,3 complex / complex
Vidra Vlcea 950,0 340,0 energie / energy
Fntnele Cluj 884,0 212,9 energie / energy
Vidraru Arge 870,0 469,0 complex / complex
Drcani Botoani 500,0 6,1 piscicultur / fish breeding
Soleti Vaslui 452,0 15,8 complex / complex
Oaa Alba 447,0 131,0 energie / energy
Gura Apelor Hunedoara 420,0 210,0 energie / energy
Clineti Satu Mare 380,0 8,6 complex / complex
Siriu Buzu 360,0 126,0 complex / complex
Iovanu Gorj 290,0 120,0 complex / complex
Colibia Bistria Nsud 270,0 65,0 complex / complex
Lacul Morii Municipiul Bucureti 256,0 14,2 complex / complex
Vcreti Dmbovia 234,0 14,1 complex / complex
Brdior Vlcea 230,0 38,0 complex / complex
Pucai Vaslui 230,0 8,0 complex / complex
Tarnia Cluj 215,0 70,3 energie / energy
Pecineagu Dmbovia 182,0 63,0 complex / complex
1)
ntre confluena Nera-Dunre i baraj (dup datele celor dou hidrocentrale).
1)
Nera-Danube and dam confluence (according to the data of the two hydro-power stations).
1.7 ALTITUDINEA MEDIE A PRINCIPALELOR ORAE DIN ROMNIA
AVERAGE HEIGHT OF MAJOR TOWNS IN ROMANIA
Oraul Judeul Altitudinea medie (m)

Town County Average height (m)
Alba lulia Alba 235

Alexandria Teleorman 45
Arad Arad 107
Bacu Bacu 165
Baia Mare Maramure 225
Bistria Bistria-Nsud 360
Brlad Vaslui 90
Botoani Botoani 130
Braov Braov 625
Brila Brila 20
Bucureti / Bucharest - 85
Buzu Buzu 95
Clrai Clrai 13
Cluj - Napoca Cluj 360
Constana Constana 25
Craiova Dolj 100
Dej Cluj 285
Deva Hunedoara 220
Drobeta-Turnu Severin Mehedini 65
Fgra Braov 430
Focani Vrancea 55
Galai Galai 35
Giurgiu Giurgiu 23
Hunedoara Hunedoara 245
Iai Iai 95
Lugoj Timi 70
Media Sibiu 285
Miercurea Ciuc Harghita 665
Odorheiu Secuiesc Harghita 385
Oneti Bacu 210
Oradea Bihor 150
Petroani Hunedoara 650
Piatra Neam Neam 345
Piteti Arge 287
Ploieti Prahova 150
Reia Cara-Severin 245
Rmnicu Vlcea Vlcea 250
Roman Neam 195
Satu Mare Satu Mare 123
Sfntu Gheorghe Covasna 555
Sibiu Sibiu 415
Sighetu Marmaiei Maramure 270
Sighioara Mure 375
Slatina Olt 135
Slobozia Ialomia 35
Suceava Suceava 325
Tecuci Galai 50
Timioara Timi 90
Trgovite Dmbovia 280
Trgu Jiu Gorj 205
Trgu Mure Mure 330
Tulcea Tulcea 30
Turda Cluj 330
Turnu Mgurele Teleorman 23
Vaslui Vaslui 110
Zalu Slaj 275
Not: Oraul situat la cea mai mare altitudine medie este Predeal (judeul Braov) - 1060 m.
Oraul situat la cea mai mic altitudine medie este Sulina (judeul Tulcea) - 4 m.
Note: The town situated at the highest average height is Predeal (Braov county) - 1060 m.
The town situated at the lowest average height is Sulina (Tulcea county) - 4 m.
1.8 ORGANIZAREA ADMINISTRATIV A TERITORIULUI ROMNIEI, LA 31 DECEMBRIE 2006
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION OF ROMANIAN TERRITORY, ON DECEMBER 31, 2006
Numrul
Regiunea de dezvoltare Suprafaa oraelor din care: Numrul Numrul
Judeul total i municipiilor municipii comunelor satelor
Development region Total area Number of which: Number of Number of
County (km2) of towns municipalities communes villages
and municipalities
Total 238391 320 103 2854 12951
1. Nord - Est / North - East 36850 46 17 505 2414

Bacu 6621 8 3 85 491
Botoani 4986 7 2 71 333
Iai 5476 5 2 93 418
Neam 5896 5 2 78 344
Suceava 8553 16 5 97 379
Vaslui 5318 5 3 81 449
2. Sud - Est / South - East 35762 35 11 354 1447

Brila 4766 4 1 40 140
Buzu 6103 5 2 82 475
Constana 7071 12 3 58 188
Galai 4466 4 2 60 180
Tulcea 8499 5 1 46 133
Vrancea 4857 5 2 68 331
3. Sud - Muntenia / South - Muntenia 34453 48 16 519 2019

Arge 6826 7 3 95 576
Clrai 5088 5 2 50 160
Dmbovia 4054 7 2 82 353
Giurgiu 3526 3 1 51 167
Ialomia 4453 7 3 59 127
Prahova 4716 14 2 90 405
Teleorman 5790 5 3 92 231
4. Sud - Vest Oltenia / South - West Oltenia 29212 40 11 408 2066

Dolj 7414 7 3 104 378
Gorj 5602 9 2 61 411
Mehedini 4933 5 2 61 344
Olt 5498 8 2 104 377
Vlcea 5765 11 2 78 556
5. Vest / West 32034 42 12 278 1327

Arad 7754 10 1 68 270
Cara-Severin 8520 8 2 69 287
Hunedoara 7063 14 7 55 457
Timi 8697 10 2 86 313
6. Nord - Vest / North - West 34159 43 15 401 1799

Bihor 7544 10 4 90 429
Bistria-Nsud 5355 4 1 58 235
Cluj 6674 6 5 75 420
Maramure 6304 13 2 63 214
Satu Mare 4418 6 2 58 220
Slaj 3864 4 1 57 281
7. Centru / Center 34100 57 20 357 1788

Alba 6242 11 4 67 656
Braov 5363 10 4 48 149
Covasna 3710 5 2 40 122
Harghita 6639 9 4 58 235
Mure 6714 11 4 91 464
Sibiu 5432 11 2 53 162
8. Bucureti - Ilfov / Bucharest - Ilfov 1821 9 1 32 91

Ilfov 1583 8 - 32 91
Municipiul Bucureti 238 1 1 - -
Bucharest Municipality
TEMPERATURA AERULUI I PRECIPITAIILE ATMOSFERICE
NREGISTRATE LA PRINCIPALELE STAII METEOROLOGICE, N ANUL 2006
AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATIONS REGISTRED AT
THE MAIN METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS, IN 2006
Minima absolut Maxima absolut Cantitatea anual

anual anual de precipitaii
Staia meteorologic (grade Celsius) (grade Celsius) (mm)
Meteorological station Yearly absolute Yearly absolute Yearly average quantity
minimum maximum by precipitations
(Celsius degrees) (Celsius degrees) (mm)
Satu Mare -27,6 34,8 692,8

Suceava -24,2 31,1 814,1
Oradea -16,0 34,9 652,5
Iai -24,4 34,0 520,8
Cluj - Napoca -19,9 32,3 698,5
Trgu Mure -24,5 32,7 652,8
Bacu -22,7 35,3 609,9
Timioara -15,2 34,8 581,1
Deva -20,3 34,2 671,3
Sibiu -23,7 33,1 728,8
Vrfu Omu -24,0 18,0 750,1
Galai -21,4 36,1 400,4
Trgu Jiu -25,0 34,4 871,9
Buzu -18,4 36,1 548,7
Calafat -17,7 36,9 557,0
Turnu Mgurele -18,6 39,0 474,7
Bucureti - Filaret -17,0 37,4 504,8
Constana -17,5 37,5 458,4
Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie.

Source: National Administration of Meteorology.
1.9 TEMPERATURA AERULUI (media lunar i anual)
AIR TEMPERATURE (monthly and yearly average)
grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

Media lunar Monthly average Media Amplitudinea
Staia meteorologic anual anual Meteorological station
i anii de observaie Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie and observation years
Yearly Yearly
January February March April May June July August September October November December
average amplitude
Satu Mare Satu Mare

1901 - 2000 -2,8 -0,6 4,5 10,4 15,7 18,8 20,4 19,8 15,5 10,1 4,9 0,1 9,7 23,2 1901 - 2000
2006 -5,3 -2,4 3,4 11,5 15,3 19,3 22,7 19,2 16,1 10,0 5,7 1,9 9,8 28,0 2006
Suceava Suceava
1901 - 2000 -4,8 -3,2 1,4 7,9 13,4 16,9 18,6 17,8 13,6 7,9 2,7 -2,2 7,5 23,4 1901 - 2000
2006 -7,8 -3,7 0,1 9,0 13,4 16,8 19,8 18,6 14,9 9,9 5,1 1,8 8,2 27,6 2006
Oradea Oradea
1901 - 2000 -1,9 0,3 5,2 10,8 15,9 19,0 20,9 20,4 16,3 10,9 5,3 0,8 10,3 22,8 1901 - 2000
2006 -2,7 -0,9 3,7 12,0 15,7 19,2 23,2 19,1 17,0 12,1 6,5 2,3 10,6 25,9 2006
Iai Iai
1901 - 2000 -3,5 -1,8 3,1 10,2 16,0 19,5 21,2 20,5 15,9 10,0 4,1 -0,8 9,5 24,7 1901 - 2000
2006 -7,1 -3,1 2,1 11,2 15,4 19,5 21,5 21,0 16,4 11,4 6,5 2,3 9,8 28,6 2006
Cluj - Napoca Cluj - Napoca
1901 - 2000 -4,2 -2,1 3,6 9,2 14,4 17,4 19,1 18,4 14,2 8,8 3,3 -1,4 8,4 23,3 1901 - 2000
2006 -5,0 -2,5 3,3 10,3 14,0 17,1 20,7 18,0 15,1 9,6 3,6 0,1 8,7 25,7 2006
Trgu Mure Trgu Mure
1901 - 2000 -4,0 -1,8 4,0 9,7 14,8 17,7 19,4 18,8 14,6 9,2 3,7 -1,3 8,7 23,4 1901 - 2000
2006 -5,9 -2,7 3,4 11,4 14,4 18,0 20,9 18,8 15,4 9,4 3,7 0,4 8,9 26,8 2006
Bacu Bacu
1901 - 2000 -3,6 -2,1 2,9 9,7 15,2 18,9 20,6 19,8 15,3 9,5 3,7 -0,9 9,1 24,2 1901 - 2000
2006 -7,6 -2,9 2,1 10,5 14,9 18,9 21,3 20,4 16,1 11,0 5,9 1,4 9,3 28,9 2006
Timioara Timioara
1901 - 2000 -1,5 0,6 5,7 11,1 16,3 19,6 21,5 20,9 16,8 11,2 5,7 1,2 10,7 23,0 1901 - 2000
2006 -1,7 0,0 5,0 12,4 16,2 19,5 23,6 20,1 17,5 12,5 6,4 2,1 11,1 25,3 2006
Deva Deva
1901 - 2000 -2,5 0,0 5,3 10,7 15,6 18,6 20,4 19,8 15,7 10,2 4,7 0,3 9,9 22,9 1901 - 2000
2006 -3,2 -0,5 4,7 11,8 15,0 18,0 21,6 18,8 16,0 10,9 4,4 0,9 9,9 24,8 2006
Sibiu Sibiu
1901 - 2000 -3,6 -1,4 3,9 9,5 14,4 17,5 19,2 18,6 14,5 9,2 3,8 -1,1 8,7 22,8 1901 - 2000
2006 -5,6 -2,2 3,2 10,8 14,1 17,5 20,4 18,3 14,6 9,7 4,1 0,3 8,8 26,0 2006
Vrfu Omu Vrfu Omu
1901 - 2000 -10,6 -10,8 -8,5 -4,4 0,3 3,5 5,5 5,7 2,8 -0,8 -4,8 -8,4 -2,6 16,5 1901 - 2000
2006 -12,2 -12,1 -8,1 -2,5 0,4 4,0 6,4 6,5 3,0 0,8 -5,6 -6,1 -2,1 18,7 2006
Galai Galai
1901 - 2000 -2,6 -0,9 4,0 10,8 16,5 20,4 22,5 21,9 17,3 11,3 5,2 0,1 10,5 25,1 1901 - 2000
2006 -4,7 -1,0 4,5 11,7 16,8 21,5 23,3 23,2 18,2 13,0 7,1 2,7 11,4 28,0 2006
Trgu Jiu Trgu Jiu
1901 - 2000 -2,4 -0,3 4,8 10,9 15,9 19,4 21,4 20,8 16,5 10,5 4,8 0,0 10,2 23,8 1901 - 2000
2006 -4,9 -1,4 5,2 12,3 16,1 19,1 22,5 19,8 16,8 11,9 6,0 1,1 10,4 27,4 2006
Buzu Buzu
1901 - 2000 -2,2 -0,2 4,4 10,9 16,6 20,3 22,3 21,9 17,4 11,2 5,1 0,4 10,7 24,5 1901 - 2000
2006 -3,6 -0,4 4,7 11,8 16,8 20,8 23,2 22,5 18,3 13,1 7,3 2,1 11,4 26,8 2006
Calafat Calafat
1901 - 2000 -1,4 0,6 5,7 11,9 17,4 21,0 23,3 22,8 18,2 11,9 5,7 1,0 11,5 24,7 1901 - 2000
2006 -3,3 -0,5 5,6 13,0 18,0 21,2 23,8 22,4 18,5 13,4 8,3 3,7 12,0 27,1 2006
Turnu Mgurele Turnu Mgurele
1901 - 2000 -2,3 0,3 5,6 12,2 17,6 21,3 23,3 22,5 18,1 11,8 5,7 0,5 11,4 25,6 1901 - 2000
2006 -4,0 -0,2 5,9 13,4 18,0 21,4 23,8 23,3 18,6 13,2 7,4 2,2 11,9 27,8 2006
Bucureti - Filaret Bucharest - Filaret
1901 - 2000 -2,2 -0,2 5,3 11,6 16,9 20,7 22,9 22,4 17,7 11,8 5,5 0,4 11,0 25,1 1901 - 2000
2006 -2,9 0,0 5,8 12,6 17,4 21,4 23,7 23,0 18,5 13,5 7,8 2,5 11,9 26,6 2006
Constana Constana
1901 - 2000 0,1 1,2 4,5 9,6 15,2 19,7 22,2 22,0 18,2 13,2 7,6 2,8 11,4 22,1 1901 - 2000
2006 -1,7 0,7 5,7 10,7 16,3 21,0 23,3 24,1 19,3 14,7 8,4 4,7 12,3 25,8 2006

1.10 TEMPERATURA AERULUI (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual)
AIR TEMPERATURE (monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum)

Maxima absolut Minima absolut
Staia anual i data anual i data Meteorological
meteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie nregistrrii nregistrrii station and
i anii de January February March April May June July August September October November December Yearly absolute Yearly absolute observation
observaie maximum and minimum and years
its date its date
Satu Mare Satu Mare

1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
maxima lunar 14,7 17,9 26,0 30,7 32,4 36,3 37,2 39,4 37,3 28,3 24,2 18,0 39,4 monthly maximum
anul 1990 1989 1974 1950 1937 2000 1939; 1987 1952 1946 1943 1968 1989 16 august 1952 year
minima lunar -29,3 -27,6 -20,6 -6,4 -2,6 0,6 4,9 3,5 -4,7 -9,3 -19,6 -30,4 -30,4 monthly minimum
anul 1982 1940 1940 1954 1976 1977 1961 1980 1970 1971 1989 1961 24 decembrie 1961 year
2006 2006
ziua 5 20 28 27 23 27 29 1 4 4 18 9 7 iulie date
minima lunar -27,6 -23,2 -9,7 0,2 4,8 5,6 7,8 7,2 3,7 -8,2 -6,4 -10,4 -27,6 monthly minimum
ziua 24 6 8 9 10 9 18 30 10 31 4 31 24 ianuarie date
Suceava Suceava
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1984 1990 1952 1943 1958 1972 1988 1952 1986 1952 1994 1989 17 august 1952 year
anul 1954 1954 1955 1963 1999 1958 1989 1993 1953; 1977 1951; 1979 1942 1996 20 februarie 1954 year
2006 2006
ziua 1 21 28 21 24 28 25 18 8 4 16 16 18 august date
minima lunar -24,2 -18,7 -16,9 -0,8 2,3 5,0 10,5 9,0 6,5 -4,4 -5,0 -9,0 -24,2 monthly minimum
ziua 23 7 9 9 2 1 3; 4 31 12 18 4 27 23 ianuarie date
Oradea Oradea
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1939 1958 1974 1934 1968 2000 1936 2000 1942 1932 1997 1957 21 august 2000 year
anul 1942 1935 1932 1944 1943 1918 1943 1942; 1943 1970 1943 1915 1902 24 ianuarie 1942 year
2006 2006
ziua 1;2;5 20 28 27 23 27 29 20 4 4 18 9 29 iulie date
Iai Iai
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1921 1990 1926 1909 1950 1927 1909 1905 1946 1952 1926 1989 27 iulie 1909 year
anul 1963 1937 1952 1963 1935 1934 1929 1914 1921; 1931 1912 1993 1946 1 februarie 1937 year
2006 2006
ziua 2 20 28 22 24 28 27 20 8 4 25 15 20 august date
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1903 1966 1975 1926; 1950 1924 1935 1936 1952 1927 1952 1926 1982 16 august 1952 year
anul 1963 1929 1932 1923 1935 1955 1980 1933 1939 1997 1948 1927 23 ianuarie 1963 year
2006 2006
ziua 2 18 28 26 24 27 29 4 8 4 18 9 29 iulie date
ziua 25 7 9 9 5;7 1 18 31 10 31 1 27 25 ianuarie date
1.10 TEMPERATURA AERULUI (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual) - continuare
AIR TEMPERATURE (monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum) - continued

its date its date
Trgu Mure Trgu Mure

1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1936 1994 1975 1934 1950 1963 1936 1946 1946 1952 1926 1960 29 iulie 1936 year
anul 1942; 1963 1929 1932 1929 1976 1928 1996 1958 1970 1988 1989 1927 25 ianuarie 1942; year
23 ianuarie 1963
2006 2006
ziua 3 20 28 26 24 27 29 4 25 4 18 9 24 mai;29 iulie;4 august date
Bacu Bacu
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1984 1977 1952 1943 1908 1908 1988 1952 1946 1952 1990 1903 6 iulie 1988 year
anul 1963 1954 1986 1963 1912 1939 1904; 1954 1940 1977 1912 1993 1946 20 februarie 1954 year
2006 2006
ziua 3 18 28 22 24 27 23 19 4 5 9 17 19 august date
Timioara Timioara
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1979 1994 1952 1950 1950 1938 1939 1952 1946 1935 1926 1957 16 august 1952 year
2006 2006
ziua 2 19;20 28 26 23 27 28 20 4 4 17 6 27 iunie;28 iulie date
Deva Deva
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1939 1977 1952 1956 1950 1952; 1963 1931; 1936 1952 1946 1932 1926 1957 16 august 1952 year
2006 2006
ziua 5 20 28 25 23;24 27 21 20 8 4 15 10 27 iunie date
Sibiu Sibiu
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1903 1966 1952 1934 1973 1963 1987 1946 1946 1932 1926 1957 7 septembrie 1946 year
anul 1963 1929 1932 1942 1963 1934 1996 1981 1970; 1977 1997 1948 1927 23 ianuarie 1963 year
2006 2006
ziua 2 21 28 25 24 27 28 20 4 4 15 9 20 august date
ziua 24 7 9 9 6;10 1 4 31 13 31 4 28;29 24 ianuarie date

its date its date
Vrfu Omu Vrfu Omu

1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1949 1950 1974 1986 1986 1939 1984 1956; 1957 1993 1935 1945 1972 14 iulie 1984 year
minima lunar -32,3 -38,0 -29,6 -26,0 -16,0 -12,0 -8,0 -7,0 -15,0 -19,0 -30,8 -32,4 -38,0 monthly minimum
anul 1964 1929 1987 1940 1940 1939 1933 1949 1935 1946 1957 1957 10 februarie 1929 year
2006 2006
maxima lunar -4,2 -3,5 0,4 1,1 12,9 14,8 13,5 18,0 13,5 13,8 2,2 4,5 18,0 monthly maximum
ziua 2 21 28 29 24 30 30 20 8 4 29 16 20 august date
minima lunar -24,0 -22,8 -20,2 -9,2 -8,2 -6,4 -0,7 -3,6 -3,8 -12,0 -20,0 -21,4 -24,0 monthly minimum
ziua 24 7 8 9 4 6 16 30;31 22 31 4 26 24 ianuarie date
Galai Galai
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1993 1990 1952 1998 1950 1908 2000 1904 1968 1952 1926 1947 5 iulie 2000 year
anul 1929 1929 1985 1904 1935 1973 1976 1980 1977 1973 1933 1996 10 februarie 1929 year
2006 2006
ziua 2 22 28 22 24 28 26 20 4 5 24 16 20 august date
Trgu Jiu Trgu Jiu
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1983 1990 1957 1926 1950 1947; 1963 2000 1922; 1946 1946 1935 1926 1986 8 septembrie 1946 year
1952 4 iulie 2000
anul 1942 1954 1987 1968 1938 1918; 1990 1993 1939 1906 1918 1904 1940 24 ianuarie 1942 year
2006 2006
ziua 22 20 28 26 24 28;29 26 19 5 4 9;16 5 19 august date
ziua 25 7 2;9 5 5 6 4 31 23 19 5 31 25 ianuarie date
Buzu Buzu
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1936 1990 1947 1909; 1947 1950 1908 2000 1951 1946 1952 1963 1989 5 iulie 2000 year
2006 2006
ziua 30 22 29 22 24 27 26 19 4 5 16 15 19 august date
Calafat Calafat
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1993 1990 1952; 1994 1985 1969 1908 2000 1945 1946 1991 1970 1989 4 iulie 2000 year
minima lunar -29,2 -24,6 -15,7 -3,0 1,6 6,2 9,0 7,3 -1,3 -6,2 -16,2 -21,8 -29,2 monthly minimum
2006 2006
ziua 31 18 29;31 23 24 28 26 20 4 4 16 5 20 august date
ziua 25 8 9 9 4 7 4 31 12;23 19 1;11 31 8 februarie date

its date its date

1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1983 1995 1951 1985 1950 1957 1987 1952 1946 1952 1963 1903 25 iulie 1987 year
minima lunar -30,0 -26,0 -22,2 -4,6 0,5 5,0 9,0 6,6 -2,5 -5,8 -18,2 -25,0 -30,0 monthly minimum
2006 2006
ziua 31 21 28 26 24 28 28 20 5 4;5 9;15 5 20 august date
ziua 24 8 9 9 4 6 4 31 11 19 1;4 27 8 februarie date
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1983 1995 1947 1934 1950 1918 2000 1945 1946 1952 1926 1903 5 iulie 2000 year
2006 2006
ziua 30 21 28 23 24 27 26 20 5 5 16 5 20 august date
minima lunar -17,0 -12,8 -4,9 4,0 4,4 10,5 13,0 9,3 11,4 0,3 -3,0 -6,2 -17,0 monthly minimum
ziua 24 8 9 14 4 6 4 31 16 19 5 27;28 24 ianuarie date
Constana Constana
1901 - 2000 1901 - 2000
anul 1988 1995 1952 1985 1969 1982 1927 1902 1987 1928 1990 1903 10 iulie 1927 year
anul 1942 1929 1929 1923 1915 1913 1944 1936; 1949 1931 1920 1953 1948 10 februarie 1929 year
2006 2006
ziua 2 19 31 15 21 29 28 21 4 25 16 16 21 august date
minima lunar -17,5 -11,9 -5,0 4,4 6,2 11,5 16,2 13,3 12,3 2,7 -2,2 -6,7 -17,5 monthly minimum
ziua 23 7 9 10 4 6 18;19 31 11 18 5 27 23 ianuarie date

1.11 PRECIPITAII ATMOSFERICE (cantitatea lunar i anual)
PRECIPITATIONS (monthly and yearly quantity)
mm
Staia meteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie Anual Meteorological station
i anii de observaie January February March April May June July August September October November December Yearly and observation years
Satu Mare Satu Mare

1901 - 2000 39,8 35,9 35,0 44,8 63,1 81,4 69,4 62,2 45,6 46,0 47,3 53,3 598,8 1901 - 2000
2006 23,8 50,1 88,1 59,0 117,8 79,2 19,0 163,6 6,6 26,2 45,4 14,0 692,8 2006
Suceava Suceava
1901 - 2000 24,2 24,4 24,4 47,5 74,7 92,0 89,9 67,6 44,6 30,3 34,1 25,2 562,9 1901 - 2000
2006 19,4 17,8 61,0 73,0 70,7 164,7 119,6 211,5 35,1 29,7 9,8 1,8 814,1 2006
Oradea Oradea
1901 - 2000 36,3 32,1 35,5 48,1 65,5 83,3 64,3 56,2 47,1 44,0 48,6 52,2 588,9 1901 - 2000
2006 32,8 60,1 68,6 90,1 79,8 85,9 29,6 139,1 5,0 24,4 27,4 9,7 652,5 2006
Iai Iai
1901 - 2000 29,7 26,9 28,4 43,9 55,9 82,6 69,3 56,0 45,3 32,5 37,0 29,7 517,8 1901 - 2000
2006 28,7 5,4 85,5 54,5 65,6 77,6 93,8 56,0 15,8 27,9 8,6 1,4 520,8 2006
1901 - 2000 26,3 26,4 25,4 46,4 74,4 90,0 79,0 72,7 42,7 37,5 31,6 30,6 564,7 1901 - 2000
2006 6,2 23,6 78,7 90,8 76,8 145,0 38,6 173,8 8,8 24,6 12,0 19,6 698,5 2006
Trgu Mure Trgu Mure
1901 - 2000 28,4 28,7 26,3 49,0 73,8 90,0 80,0 69,7 43,7 41,7 36,7 32,5 583,5 1901 - 2000
2006 15,5 27,9 63,1 76,4 59,0 120,6 66,6 130,2 41,4 16,2 16,7 19,2 652,8 2006
Bacu Bacu
1901 - 2000 25,0 25,6 26,3 38,6 66,6 86,8 81,0 62,5 48,9 35,9 34,0 30,0 543,5 1901 - 2000
2006 29,7 15,9 47,3 64,4 66,8 117,2 86,8 122,6 30,2 18,8 4,0 6,2 609,9 2006
Timioara Timioara
1901 - 2000 39,1 37,5 36,5 48,2 63,4 81,0 58,3 51,5 43,9 49,7 48,7 49,4 583,9 1901 - 2000
2006 30,3 41,7 49,3 78,8 50,2 87,8 50,4 98,0 24,6 17,4 31,3 21,3 581,1 2006
Deva Deva
1901 - 2000 32,1 29,7 28,7 47,4 64,7 78,8 69,4 58,5 44,4 41,2 36,9 38,3 551,1 1901 - 2000
2006 12,3 14,6 64,6 85,8 68,8 85,6 55,6 214,4 12,0 15,0 19,1 23,5 671,3 2006
Sibiu Sibiu
1901 - 2000 28,6 26,6 31,2 53,8 78,3 106,4 87,6 71,0 54,6 43,9 33,9 29,2 626,2 1901 - 2000
2006 19,7 21,6 70,8 67,3 70,9 57,2 93,6 209,2 38,6 41,8 11,1 27,0 728,8 2006
Vrfu Omu Vrfu Omu
1901 - 2000 71,6 79,5 76,6 86,0 106,9 140,1 135,5 105,7 65,8 59,6 55,5 68,5 1023,7 1901 - 2000
2006 51,3 55,7 73,3 46,1 74,7 88,2 130,0 84,5 55,5 26,4 41,6 22,8 750,1 2006
Galai Galai
1901 - 2000 30,0 26,0 24,0 38,1 50,5 66,3 47,9 40,3 39,5 34,4 34,3 32,6 445,6 1901 - 2000
2006 26,8 17,7 56,2 70,4 51,2 9,7 14,8 65,9 43,2 9,6 8,5 26,4 400,4 2006
Trgu Jiu Trgu Jiu
1901 - 2000 52,4 50,0 45,4 63,6 83,3 92,0 64,4 57,6 53,5 64,5 62,6 63,0 726,3 1901 - 2000
2006 75,9 42,8 108,2 83,2 66,4 139,8 77,8 186,4 39,4 3,0 7,6 41,4 871,9 2006
Buzu Buzu
1901 - 2000 26,5 25,6 22,9 40,1 63,9 80,3 62,1 50,1 38,7 35,2 39,2 32,8 501,5 1901 - 2000
2006 38,7 5,8 33,1 64,6 81,2 110,1 67,3 95,3 14,2 16,8 7,1 14,5 548,7 2006
Calafat Calafat
1901 - 2000 39,0 36,1 37,0 47,8 60,0 63,2 46,4 36,0 39,3 47,1 52,0 48,9 532,8 1901 - 2000
2006 37,7 60,8 60,0 68,9 28,6 82,8 58,4 81,8 7,2 20,4 11,3 39,1 557,0 2006
1901 - 2000 35,8 32,3 34,4 42,0 56,7 64,7 52,6 38,6 37,6 41,2 45,4 40,3 502,7 1901 - 2000
2006 37,9 28,2 66,1 29,1 29,7 86,1 27,5 61,7 54,5 21,3 5,7 26,9 474,7 2006
1901 - 2000 39,5 33,3 38,1 46,0 68,1 85,5 59,2 50,0 40,6 42,9 47,8 41,4 567,7 1901 - 2000
2006 35,0 30,4 65,7 61,8 40,8 39,2 59,0 64,8 45,5 25,0 25,4 12,2 504,8 2006
Constana Constana
1901 - 2000 28,8 26,3 24,9 28,7 36,6 42,2 33,7 29,8 29,7 33,7 39,6 34,3 368,1 1901 - 2000
2006 20,0 31,8 68,4 25,4 82,6 12,4 76,6 50,6 46,6 4,0 27,8 12,2 458,4 2006

1.12 ARIILE PROTEJATE, N ANUL 2006
PROTECTED AREAS, IN 2006
Categorii de arii Numr Suprafaa 1)(ha) Categories of protected

1)
protejate Number Area (ha) areas
Rezervaii tiinifice 79 100574 Scientific reservations
Parcuri naionale 13 315857 National parks
Monumente ale naturii 190 18220 Natural monuments
Rezervaii naturale 659 134319 Natural reservations
Parcuri naturale 13 728272 Natural parks
Rezervaii ale biosferei 3 664446 Biosphere reservations
1)
Conform Legii nr. 5 / 2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului naional - Seciunea a III-a - zone protejate;
H.G. nr. 2151 / 2004 i H.G. nr. 1581 / 2005 privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat pentru noi zone.
1)
According to Law no. 5 / 2000 regarding the Plan for arranging the national territory - Third Section - protected areas; Government Decision
no. 2151 / 2004 and the Government Decision nr. 1581 / 2005 regarding the protected natural area regime for new areas.
Sursa: Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului. / Source: National Environment Protection Agency.
1.13 REZERVAII ALE BIOSFEREI, N ANUL 2006
BIOSPHERE RESERVATIONS, IN 2006
Denumirea rezervaiei Judeul Suprafaa 1)(ha)

1)
Name of reservation County Area (ha)
Total 664446
Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta Tulcea, Constana 580000

Retezat Hunedoara 38047
Rodna Maramure, Bistria-Nsud, Suceava 46399
1)
Conform Legii nr. 5 / 2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului naional - Seciunea a III-a - zone protejate.
1)
According to Law no. 5 / 2000 regarding the Plan for arranging the national territory - Third Section - protected areas.
1.14 PARCURILE NAIONALE I PRINCIPALELE PARCURI NATURALE, N ANUL 2006
NATIONAL AND MAJOR NATURAL PARKS, IN 2006
Denumirea parcului Judeul Suprafaa 1)(ha)

1)
Name of park County Area (ha)
Parcuri naionale - total / National parks - total 315857
Domogled-Valea Cernei Cara-Severin, Mehedini, Gorj 60100
Rodna Bistria-Nsud, Maramure, Suceava 46399
Retezat Hunedoara 38047
Cheile Nerei-Beunia Cara-Severin 37100
Semenic-Cheile Caraului Cara-Severin 36665
Climani Bistria-Nsud, Suceava, Mure 24041
Cozia Vlcea 17100
Piatra Craiului Arge, Braov 14800
Munii Mcinului Tulcea 11321
Defileul Jiului Gorj, Hunedoara 11127
Ceahlu Neam 8396
Cheile Bicazului-Hma Neam, Harghita 6575
Buila-Vnturria Vlcea 4186
Principalele parcuri naturale - total / Major natural parks - total 728272
din care: / of which:
Munii Maramureului Maramure 148850
Porile de Fier Cara-Severin, Mehedini 115656
Geoparcul Platoul Mehedini Mehedini 106000
Geoparcul Dinozaurilor ara Haegului Hunedoara 102392
Munii Apuseni Alba, Bihor, Cluj 75784
Bucegi Arge, Braov, Dmbovia, Prahova 32663
1)
Conform Legii nr. 5 / 2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului naional - Seciunea a III-a - zone protejate;
H.G. nr. 2151 / 2004 i H.G. nr. 1581 / 2005 privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat pentru noi zone.
1)
According to Law no. 5 / 2000 regarding the Plan for arranging the national territory - Third Section - protected areas; Government Decision
no. 2151 / 2004 and the Government Decision nr. 1581 / 2005 regarding the protected natural area regime for new areas.
1.15 RESURSELE DE AP ASIGURATE, POTRIVIT GRADULUI DE AMENAJARE, N ANUL 2006
WATER RESOURCES ASSURED, ACCORDING TO THE ARRANGEMENT LEVEL, IN 2006
Surse de ap / Water sources milioane m3 / an

Bazine hidrografice / Hydrographic basins million m 3 / year
Total 40398
Ape de suprafa / Superficial waters 33806
Ruri interioare / Inland rivers 13806
Tisa 256
Some 715
Criuri 394
Mure 1034
Spaiul Banat 1) / Banat Space 1)
608
Jiu 2109
Olt 1682
Vedea 40
Arge 1671
Ialomia 430
Siret 1955
Prut 726
Alte bazine 2) / Other basins 2) 2186
Dunrea / The Danube 20000
Ape subterane / Underground waters 6592
1)
Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera.
2)
Alte bazine / Other basins = Clmui - Olt, Clmui - Buzu.
Sursa: Administraia Naional "Apele Romne". / Source: National Administration "Romanian Waters" .
1.16 CALITATEA APELOR DE SUPRAFA, N ANUL 2006
SUPERFICIAL WATER QUALITY, IN 2006
km
Total lungimi din care: / of which:
pe ruri
Bazine hidrografice supravegheate Clasa I Clasa II Clasa III Clasa IV Clasa V
Hydrographic basins Total length of The first The second The third The fourth The fifth
monitored class class class class class
rivers
Total 27056 8051 12565 4465 1388 587
Tisa 569 76 405 59 - 29

Some 1859 676 787 213 117 66
Criuri 2032 226 1695 102 9 -
Mure-Aranca 3161 1058 1436 478 141 48
Spaiul Banat 1) / Banat Space 1) 1904 749 616 486 53 -
Jiu 1593 1159 384 40 1 9
Olt 3497 1071 1663 608 94 61
Vedea 1133 - 586 433 86 28
Arge 2681 141 1893 474 79 94
Ialomia 2) 1470 311 394 600 139 26
Siret 4157 1985 1387 503 174 108
Prut 1567 - 843 469 229 26
Dunrea / The Danube 1075 599 476 - - -
Litoral / Seaside 358 - - - 266 92
1)
Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera.
2)
Inclusiv rul Clmui. / Including Clmui river.
Sursa: Administraia Naional "Apele Romne". / Source: National Administration "Romanian Waters".
1.17 DEFOLIEREA ARBORILOR LA PRINCIPALELE SPECII I LA TOATE VRSTELE,
PE CLASE DE DEFOLIERE, N ANUL 2006
TREES DEFOLIATION, FOR THE MAIN SPECIES AND ALL AGES,
BY DEFOLIATION CLASSES, IN 2006
Suprafaa Clasa de defoliere

Specii pdurilor Defoliation class
Species (mii ha) (%)
Forests area neafectat uor mediu sever uscat
(thou hectares) unaffected slight medium severe dry
Total ar 6272 69,8 21,6 7,6 0,6 0,4

Total country
- rinoase 1893 77,5 17,3 4,4 0,5 0,3

coniferous
- foioase 4379 67,0 23,1 8,7 0,7 0,5

broad-leaved
Sursa: Regia Naional a Pdurilor. / Source: National Company of Forests.

1.18 INVESTIII PENTRU PROTECIA MEDIULUI, PE SECTOARE DE ACTIVITATE,
DOMENII DE MEDIU I PE CATEGORII DE PRODUCTORI, N ANUL 2006
INVESTMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITY,
ENVIRONMENT FIELD AND CATEGORY OF PRODUCERS, IN 2006
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices
Prevenirea i combaterea polurii, Protecia
pe domenii de mediu: resurselor
Prevention and control of pollution, naturale i
by environmental field: conservarea Alte
Sectoare de activitate domenii
Total sol i ape biodiversitii
Activity sectors Other
subterane Natural resources fields
aer ap deeuri
soil and protection and
air water wastes
underground biodiversity
waters preservation
Total 2370262 583581 867785 568249 174980 66541 109126
Productori nespecializai / Non-specialised producers
Total 1125384 516587 221089 175956 118313 34572 58867

Silvicultur, exploatare forestier i
servicii anexe 29908 - 213 38 253 29404 -
Foresty, logging and related
service activities
Industrie extractiv 142868 54093 19056 7909 54180 2398 5232
Mining and quarrying
Industrie prelucrtoare 547099 287708 109175 89703 25577 1914 33022
Manufacturing
Producia i furnizarea
de energie electric i termic,
gaze i ap cald 389429 170881 85149 75672 37431 676 19620
Electric and thermal energy,
gas and hot water production
and supply
Construcii 16080 3905 7496 2634 872 180 993
Construction
Productori specializai / Specialised producers
Total 793154 8792 442252 296366 2259 30699 12786

Recuperarea deeurilor i resturilor
de materiale reciclabile 120949 660 261 116992 1369 - 1667
Recovery of waste and
remains of recycled materials
Captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei 473791 198 437107 3296 48 30688 2454
Water catchment, treatment
and distribution
Comer cu ridicata al deeurilor
i resturilor 48505 - 142 48144 206 - 13
Wholesale trade of waste
and remains
Eliminarea deeurilor i a apelor
uzate; asanare, salubritate
i activiti similare 149909 7934 4742 127934 636 11 8652
Waste and used waters refusal;
reclamation, sanitation
and similar activities
Administraie public / Public administration
Total 451724 58202 204444 95927 54408 1270 37473

Administraie public central 163151 9685 42473 44198 48541 744 17510
Central public adminstration
Administraie public local 288573 48517 161971 51729 5867 526 19963
Local public adminstration
1.19 CHELTUIELI CURENTE INTERNE PENTRU PROTECIA MEDIULUI, PE SECTOARE DE ACTIVITATE,
DOMENII DE MEDIU I PE CATEGORII DE PRODUCTORI, N ANUL 2006
INTERNAL CURRENT EXPENDITURE FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITY,
ENVIRONMENT FIELD AND CATEGORY OF PRODUCERS, IN 2006
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices
Prevenirea i combaterea polurii, Protecia
pe domenii de mediu: resurselor
Prevention and control of pollution, naturale i Alte
by environmental field: conservarea domenii
Sectoare de activitate
Total sol i ape biodiversitii Other
Activity sectors
subterane Natural resources fields
aer ap deeuri
soil and protection and
air water wastes
underground biodiversity
waters preservation
Total 5485115 431197 999150 3646235 128903 131328 148302
Productori nespecializai / Non-specialised producers
Total 961416 393251 217730 86002 92584 65483 106366

Silvicultur, exploatare forestier i
servicii anexe 18278 - 4 - - 17929 345
Foresty, logging and related
service activities
Industrie extractiv 96888 3721 52501 7923 13214 13320 6209
Mining and quarrying
Industrie prelucrtoare 420314 146586 124488 49758 13089 14052 72341
Manufacturing
Producia i furnizarea
de energie electric i termic,
gaze i ap cald 371942 241931 33930 9807 65635 8068 12571
Electric and thermal energy,
gas and hot water production
and supply
Construcii 53994 1013 6807 18514 646 12114 14900
Construction
Productori specializai / Specialised producers
Total 4101018 12594 658562 3378419 26694 77 24672

Recuperarea deeurilor i resturilor
de materiale reciclabile 2097503 123 1095 2073627 11213 - 11445
Recovery of waste and
remains of recycled materials
Captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei 685350 6345 645503 24628 2404 45 6425
Water catchment, treatment
and distribution
Comer cu ridicata al deeurilor
i resturilor 917055 42 8 904514 12316 2 173
Wholesale trade of waste
and remains
Eliminarea deeurilor i a apelor
uzate; asanare, salubritate
i activiti similare 401110 6084 11956 375650 761 30 6629
Waste and used waters refusal;
reclamation, sanitation
and similar activities
Administraie public / Public administration
Total 422681 25352 122858 181814 9625 65768 17264

Administraie public central 134149 4880 72704 6127 335 49418 685
Central public adminstration
Administraie public local 288532 20472 50154 175687 9290 16350 16579
Local public adminstration
PRESCURTRI FOLOSITE PENTRU UNITILE DE MSUR
ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
U.M. = unitate de msur kVA = kilovoltamper

M.U. = measurement unit = kilovoltamper
mm = milimetru MVA = megavoltamper
= millimetre = megavoltamper
m = metru CP = cal putere
= metre HP = horse power
m2 = metru ptrat kcal = kilocalorie
= square metre = kilocalorie
m3 = metru cub Gcal = gigacalorie
= cubic metre = gigacalorie
ha (10000 m2) = hectar kO = kilooctet
= hectare = kilooctet
km = kilometru '' = secund
= kilometre = second
km2 = kilometru ptrat ' = minut
= square kilometre = minute
microgr. = microgram h = or
= microgram = hour
mg = miligram 0 = grad
= miligram = degree
g = gram nr. = numr
= gram no. = number
kg = kilogram % = procent
= kilogram = percentage
t = ton mii = mii
= tonne thou = thousands (thou)
tdw = ton deadweight mil. = milion
= tonne deadweight mill. = million
l = litru mild. = miliard
= litre bn = billion
dal = decalitru echiv. = echivalent
= decalitre equiv. = equivalent
hl = hectolitru S.A. = substan activ
= hectolitre A.S. = active substance
W = watt buc. = bucat
= watt pcs. = pieces
kW = kilowatt per. = pereche
= kilowatt = pair
kWh = kilowatt - or garnit. = garnitur
= kilowatt - hour = set
SIMBOLURI FOLOSITE
SYMBOLS USED
*)
- = nu este cazul = date mai mici dect 0,5
= data not applicable = magnitude less than 0.5
**)
... = lips date = date mai mici dect 0,05
= data not available = magnitude less than 0.05
~ = date nensumabile ***)
= date mai mici dect 0,005
= nontotalized data = magnitude less than 0.005
G = grafic
= graph

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GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL

1.1 Poziia geografic a Romniei ............................................................ 10 Geographical position of Romania

MEDIU NCONJURTOR ENVIRONMENT

Resurse naturale Natural resources

Calitatea factorilor de mediu Environment factors quality

Cercetri statistice: Statistical surveys:

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE GEOGRAPHY AND

1 rspndit n trecut, a devenit destul de rar); clean i mrean n

1 determinarea valorilor maxime i minime ale acesteia n

1 Datele privind starea pdurilor provin din sondajele realizate

clasa 0: 0-10% = neafectat; 0 class: 0-10% = unaffected;

Nord Satul Horoditea Botoani 26o42'05'' 48o15'06''

Sud Oraul Zimnicea Teleorman 25o23'32'' 43o37'07''

Est Oraul Sulina Tulcea 29o41'24'' 45o09'36''

Vest Comuna Beba Veche Timi 20o15'44'' 46o07'27''

Total granie 3149,9 1085,6 1816,9 247,4 Total borders

Denumirea cursului de ap Lungimea cursului de ap (km) Suprafaa bazinului (km 2)

Denumirea lacului natural Judeul Suprafaa (ha) Volum (mil. m3)

Suprafaa la nivel Volumul la nivel normal

Porile de Fier Mehedini 70000,01) 2400,0 energie / energy

Oraul Judeul Altitudinea medie (m)

Alba lulia Alba 235

Total 238391 320 103 2854 12951

1. Nord - Est / North - East 36850 46 17 505 2414

2. Sud - Est / South - East 35762 35 11 354 1447

3. Sud - Muntenia / South - Muntenia 34453 48 16 519 2019

4. Sud - Vest Oltenia / South - West Oltenia 29212 40 11 408 2066

5. Vest / West 32034 42 12 278 1327

6. Nord - Vest / North - West 34159 43 15 401 1799

7. Centru / Center 34100 57 20 357 1788

8. Bucureti - Ilfov / Bucharest - Ilfov 1821 9 1 32 91

Minima absolut Maxima absolut Cantitatea anual

Satu Mare -27,6 34,8 692,8

Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie.

grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

Satu Mare Satu Mare

Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie.

grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

Satu Mare Satu Mare

grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

Trgu Mure Trgu Mure

grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

Vrfu Omu Vrfu Omu

grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

Turnu Mgurele Turnu Mgurele

Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie.

Satu Mare Satu Mare

Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie.

Categorii de arii Numr Suprafaa 1)(ha) Categories of protected

Rezervaii tiinifice 79 100574 Scientific reservations

Parcuri naionale 13 315857 National parks

Monumente ale naturii 190 18220 Natural monuments

Rezervaii naturale 659 134319 Natural reservations

Parcuri naturale 13 728272 Natural parks

Rezervaii ale biosferei 3 664446 Biosphere reservations

Denumirea rezervaiei Judeul Suprafaa 1)(ha)

Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta Tulcea, Constana 580000

Denumirea parcului Judeul Suprafaa 1)(ha)

Surse de ap / Water sources milioane m3 / an

Total 27056 8051 12565 4465 1388 587

Tisa 569 76 405 59 - 29

Suprafaa Clasa de defoliere