Inspection and Maintenance of Drillpipe Ebook PDF

Inspection &
Maintenance
of Drill Pipe
A general guideline to
maintaining drill strings
www.odfjellwellservices.com
Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe 2
Contents
3. Introduction 25. Why use thread compounds?
4. Description of a common inspection 26. Pipe storage
6. Measurements 27. Preservation
7. Magnetic particle inspection 28. Recommendations
8. Ultrasonic testing 29. Thread compounds
9. Electromagnetic inspection (EMI) 31. Inspection standards
11. What to look for when inspecting 33. Inspection companies
14. Drill pipe repair 34. A general view on the necessary certifications
21. Repair companies for a thread inspector
22. Documentation & traceability 37. Approval certification
24. Presentation & storage 38. Documentation / Reporting
Introduction
This gives an introduction to the processes involved in inspecting and repairing of
used drill pipe. We will list the most common inspection specifications, describe the
differences between the standards and describe the process of being certified to the
various standards. We will also describe the various repair scenarios on drill pipe and
the certification process involved for companies that perform repairs.
Description of a common inspection

When the drill pipe is received for inspection, all joints should be properly cleaned both
internally and externally.
The following steps are mandatory:
Visual thread inspection (VTI)

VTI is a non-destructive inspection method that is based on the inspector using his eyes and hands.
Any reduced eyesight might cause the inspector to miss vital flaws.
Example of check with a profile gauge Example of use of finger tips on a VTI inspection
Tools required
Flashlight
Profile gauges
Magnifying mirror
Measurements
On a VTI it is normal to make all vital measurements on the connections.
The results need to match the standards given in the inspection specification.
Example of OD gauge of tube Example of a check with a slide caliper
Tools required
Various calipers (slide caliper etc.)
Thread gauges
Magnetic particle inspection (MPI)

Magnetic particle method is a non-destructive testing method revealing
material defects in the surface, and just below the surface, in ferromagnetic
(magnetic) materials.
A magnetic field is applied to an object. The magnetic field will penetrate the
surface of the object. Any errors in the surface will alter the power of the
magnetic field lines.
These power lines outside and around the damage forms(delete s) a leakage
field. This leakage field can be detected by adding iron particles (in powder Example of applying fluorescent magnet powder
form) on the surface. These particles clump together in and around the
leakage field.
Leakage field
Magnet field
Depth errors
Shallow imperfection
Magnet field
Example of connection checked with UV light
Tools required
An object can be magnetized with
several methods:
Coil
AC Yoke
Direct current flow
Ultrasonic testing
Ultrasonic testing is a nondestructive testing method that uses radio frequencies to determine a
materials entirety. Impulse-echo method is the most used method in industry. An array of transducer one
sound waves are sent into the material, penetrating it at a constant speed (the speed of sound of the
material). The sound waves are reflected from the back wall of the object back to the probes.
Any imperfections in the material will appear as peaks between the initial and the reflecting echo.
Transmission pulse/Start echo
Back wall echo
Defect
Reflector
Object/Workpiece
0 2 4 6 8 10
Ultrasonic screen Ultrasonic measurement determining wall thickness.

Electromagnetic inspection (EMI)

Primarily the eddy-current and flux-leakage methods are used to detect imperfections.
NOTE: Electromagnetic Inspection Systems made for use in the field sometimes include equipment
for performing additional inspections or services.
Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global
Examples of EMI unit
Examples of EMI unit Example of EMI probes Example of EMI control screen
Every inspection is to be finalized with a

documentation of the service/inspection; the
inspection report.
Any damage that cannot be repaired in the field,

has to go to a workshop.
Menus
Main Tubular DP Related

Menu Menu Detail W.O.
Drillpipe Summary Report

ID Date Customer Ref.
Customer P.O. No Rig
Location Work Order Well No.
Show all records
SPECIFICATIONS Spec. NS-2 DS 1 Cat. 4 Cat. 5 HDLS Black/White
Creator Name Creator Date
VTI Only Spec. Receipt Insp. Spec. Fluorescent
admin 10.04.2015
EQUIPMENT EMI Scope No. End Area Tool No. Yoke No.
Modifier Name Modification Date
Thick. Gauge No. UV Light No. Coil No.
admin 10.04.2015
SURFACE CONDITION Hardbanding: Present TBA* Pin Box
New Record - Detail
Plastic Coated: Yes No Dope Applied
New Record - Detail Odfjell Tag No List
CLEANING Internal Qty 1400 bar External Qty 1400 bar ID Condition
2000 bar 2000 bar
Special Special
Reports
Hard Pollution Hard Pollution Wear Report
MATERIAL
Wear Report - Overview
Lot No. Tube OD Threads Range Grade Tube
Repair - Hardbanding Send to Trio
Weight Lbs/Ft Nom Wall Nom TJ OD Nom TJ ID Min TJ OD
INSPECTION RESULTS Repair - Machining Send to NOS

CLASS TUBE TOOL RECUT SHOP FIELD PLASTIC HARDBANDING SER. NO. BENT
JOINT REFACE REFACE COATING PIN BOX RESTAMP
Scrap per W.O.
Premium Joints Joints Total Ok OK x1
Wall Thickness Wear
Class2 Pin Pin Pin Damaged XT300 Rep. x2
Scrap Box Box Box No Coat. OTW12 Rep. Preinvoice
Number of Joints Inspected Field Repair Hours Make Preinvoice
Number of Joints Require Shop Repair ( Re-Cut with HB Damage) Grinding Tongmarks
Hours
and Slipcuts
Number of Hardbanding Repair (Not Included In Recut Joints)
Protectors Supplied By
Number of Class2 & Scrap Qty. Misc.
Euroincon
Number of Joints Ready For Use
Relookup
Number of Premium After Repair
Comments Change Work Order
TAM Import Serial No TAM Serial No TIM

Pages TAM
TAM - Make Field Copy Pages made 1 (Set to 1 if delete detail)
NDT Level II Inspector *TBA - To be applied
Restore
Field Copy
CERT. NO.
Print - Field Copy
NAME : We hereby confirm that the above material has been inspected in
accordance with specified insp. proc., P.O. and Euroincon W.O.
Example of an inspection report

What to look for when inspecting

Here are some examples of damage typical to connections.
This is everyday damage that cannot be repaired on site.
Crack indications in thread Crack indication in box connection
Crack indication in outside upset Galled thread

Pulled thread Overtorqued threads
Galled seal Stabbing damage to shoulder

Pitting/corrosion in pin SRG Washout in connection
Washout in connection
Drill pipe repair

Whether you need to take the pipe to a repair shop or it can fixed in
the field, is dependent on the degree of damage to the joints.
Field repair
Grinding
Double shouldered connections or severe
shoulder damage, require a shop reface.
Grinding Pin threads
Grinding Box threads

Field reface
Reface of a damaged connection shoulder is done with a special shoulder dressing tool.
There are several types available on the market, but the same principle applies to all of them.
A refaced shoulder should be flat and at right angles to the threads.
Refacing tool Damaged shoulder
Refacing of shoulder Refaced shoulder

Shop reface
Double shouldered
connections or severe
shoulder damage,
require shop reface.
Before shop reface After shop reface
Shop recut
A full repair (recut) of
a connection has
to be done in a
proper and
authorized workshop.
Recut of pin Recut of Box

Benchmark
Both pin & box
connections are
marked after a recut.
This is to determine
the space left for
(future) reface. The
most common way
to mark this is either
with a stamp, or a
machined groove. Stamped mark Machined groove
Cold working LOAD

After recut, the ROLLER
thread root AFTER ROLLING,
THESE FIBERS REMAIN
is cold rolled to IN COMPRESSION
compress the fibers.

This will restrict
any evolvement
of fatigue.
Cold Working tool Principle sketch

Copper sulfating
A copper sulfated Both copper sulfating
shoulder will last and phosphatization
longer. This is done is done to prevent
after the reface/shop galling and provide
reface to reduce the corrosion resistance.
risk of galling
and corrosion.
Copper sulfated shoulder
Phosphatization
Phosphatization of
connections is done
in a chemical bath
after a recut. This
process increases the
durability of
the connections.
Chemical bath
Straightening of
bent drill pipe
Due to several reasons,
drill pipe can be
bent during drilling
operations. A bent
pipe is straightened
without the use of
preheating. A hydraulic
press is to be used.
Hydraulic press
Hardbanding
Worn out hardbanding
needs to be grinded
down before a new
one is welded on.
Some materials will
not blend properly,
and the hardbanding
has to be removed
completely before a
new one is welded on. Worn out hardbanding Rewelded
Recoat
Internal Plastic
Coating (IPC) is
designed to enhance
the performance of
tubulars by reducing
wear and corrosion,
and improving
hydraulic efficiency.
Coating
Repair companies
A proper workshop for repair and rework on the drill pipe should have
a quality, well managed system.
Heres a sample of a certified quality system. For fabrication or repair of a connection, the
machine shop needs to be licensed for that
particular type of connection. Heres a sample of
such a type of certificate.
Documentation and traceability

All repairs must be traceable. It starts with the The Repair report states the individual (unique) equipment number for a
inspection and must follow the whole process repair, and also what needs to be repaired (highlighted on report).
until the finalized repair.
Sample of Inspection Report for drill pipe;
Menus
Main Tubular DP Related

Menu Menu Detail W.O.
Drillpipe Summary Report

ID Date Customer Ref.
Customer P.O. No Rig
Location Work Order Well No.
Show all records
SPECIFICATIONS Spec. NS-2 DS 1 Cat. 4 Cat. 5 HDLS Black/White
Creator Name Creator Date
VTI Only Spec. Receipt Insp. Spec. Fluorescent
admin 10.04.2015
EQUIPMENT EMI Scope No. End Area Tool No. Yoke No.
Modifier Name Modification Date
Thick. Gauge No. UV Light No. Coil No.
admin 10.04.2015
SURFACE CONDITION Hardbanding: Present TBA* Pin Box
New Record - Detail
Plastic Coated: Yes No Dope Applied
New Record - Detail Odfjell Tag No List
CLEANING Internal Qty 1400 bar External Qty 1400 bar ID Condition
2000 bar 2000 bar
Special Special
Reports
Hard Pollution Hard Pollution Wear Report
MATERIAL
Wear Report - Overview
Lot No. Tube OD Threads Range Grade Tube
Repair - Hardbanding Send to Trio
Weight Lbs/Ft Nom Wall Nom TJ OD Nom TJ ID Min TJ OD
INSPECTION RESULTS
Repair - Machining Send to NOS
CLASS TUBE TOOL RECUT SHOP FIELD PLASTIC HARDBANDING SER. NO. BENT
JOINT REFACE REFACE COATING PIN BOX RESTAMP
Scrap per W.O.
Premium Joints Joints Total Ok OK x1
Wall Thickness Wear
Class2 Pin Pin Pin Damaged XT300 Rep. x2
Scrap Box Box Box No Coat. OTW12 Rep. Preinvoice
Number of Joints Inspected Field Repair Hours Make Preinvoice
Number of Joints Require Shop Repair ( Re-Cut with HB Damage) Grinding Tongmarks
Hours
and Slipcuts
Number of Hardbanding Repair (Not Included In Recut Joints)

Protectors Supplied By
Number of Class2 & Scrap Qty. Misc.
Euroincon
Required
Relookup repair
Number of Joints Ready For Use
Number of Premium After Repair
Comments
Change Work Order
TAM Import Serial No TAM Serial No TIM

Pages TAM
TAM - Make Field Copy Pages made 1 (Set to 1 if delete detail)
NDT Level II Inspector *TBA - To be applied
Field Copy Restore
CERT. NO.
Print - Field Copy
NAME : We hereby confirm that the above material has been inspected in
accordance with specified insp. proc., P.O. and Euroincon W.O.

Summary Report (Front page)
The repair shop will issue their report after a

repair. In this case a thread certificate (machining
report) with the same reference to the unique
equipment number, the standard used (Spec.),
etc. for traceability.

Thread certificate
Preservation & Storage
Preservation & storage

Why use thread compounds?
The drawing is a portion of a thread detail with API buttress threads, showing the compressible
lubricant/pipe sealant in the gaps of the threaded connection.
PIN Thread compounds suitable for use in

vertical and horizontal oil & gas wells using
API oil country tubular goods tubing
BOX
(OCTG), casing, and line pipe are designed to:
G2 Provide lubricate
Plug the thread clearance

C
G1 Prevent contamination of the natural

environment
C Prevent galling or scratches
Provide a coefficient of friction consistent

with the connection requirements.

Used as an example, also valid for drill pipe threads
Pipe storage
Recommendations for pipe storage:
Do not put the pipe directly on the ground. The first layer of pipe should be
no less than 0.3m above the ground.
The height of the pipe stack on a rack shall not exceed 2.5 m, and the pipe
shall be secured with post to prevent rolling out.
When the pipe is laid in several rows, place 3 wooden blocks between each
row so that the tool-joint elements do not touch each other.
Pipe shall be laid with boxes in the same directions
Rejected pipe or pipe going to be repaired, shall be laid on a separate rack

and clearly identified
Preservation
The use of protective compounds to protect equipment during storage and use.
Example of shoulder damage due to insufficient protector installation.
Picture shows dope where water has penetrated

- gray color. May indicate that the protector has
not tightened, or that temperature fluctuations
may have caused the loosening.
The following are recommendations for the application and use

of our thread compound on connections
Upon opening the container, the product should Contaminant residues, when mixed with
be stirred with either a dope brush or other the thread compound during connections
suitable device to re-blend any oil separation or engagement can substantially change the
settling of the component solids that may have friction factor and galling resistance of the thread
occurred during shipment and storage. compound. A small amount of moisture in most
cases is unavoidable and will not affect compound
Never add any material such as diesel fuel, performance.
kerosene, motor oil, etc. to improve the ease
of application. Note: These are general procedures not
intended to replace the recommendations of the
All connections contact surfaces should be connection manufactures.
cleaned and free of storage or prior running
compound, drilling fluids and any other
contaminant residues prior to the applications of
the compound.
Thread compounds
Example:
Double Shouldered Connection
Pin
Primary
Where are thread
Makeup compounds used?
Shoulder
(for RSCs)
Coat primary shoulder on
interference designs
Threads
Fill threads, only root to crest
Too much compound interferes
with connection make-up, too
little may result in galling
Secondary Coat secondary shoulder or

Seal seal area on applicable
connection designs
Box
Ensure the connection is as free

of drilling fluid as possible.
Rinsing may be required
What quantity of threads compound is

required on rotary shoulder connections?
Insufficient thread compound coverage for rotary Proper Tread compound coverage for Drill pipe protectors
shoulder connections for rotary shoulder connections
Inspection standards
The most common inspection standards in use today, are:
API American Petroleum Institute. DS-1 T.H. Hill Drill Stem Inspection. NS-2 Fearnley Procter North Sea Drill
String Inspection Standard
Inspection companies
A general view on the Level 1

necessary certifications An individual certified to Level 1 has demonstrated competence to carry out NDT
for a thread inspector according to written instructions and under the supervision of Level 2 or Level 3
personnel.
Non Destructing Testing requires the
inspectors to be certified in order to Within the scope of the competence defined on the certificate, Level 1 personnel
perform certifications according may be authorized by the employer to perform the following in accordance with
to standards. NDT instructions;
EN 473/ISO 9712 (European standards) a) Set up NDT equipment

separates NDT inspectors into 3 levels. b) Perform the tests
c) Record and classify the results of the tests according to written criteria
d) Report the results
Level 1 certified personnel shall neither be responsible for the choice of test
method or technique to be used, nor for the interpretation of test results.
Level 2
An individual certified to Level 2 has demonstrated competence to perform NDT
according to NDT procedures. Within the scope of the competence defined on the
certificate, the employer to may authorize Level 2 personnel:
a) Select the correct NDT technique for the actual test.

b) Define the limitations of application of the testing method
c) Translate NDT codes, standards, specifications, and procedures into NDT
instructions adapted to the actual working conditions
d) Set up and verify equipment settings
e) Perform and supervise tests
f) Interpret and evaluate results according to applicable standards, codes,
specifications or procedures
g) Carry out and supervise all tasks at or below Level 2
h) Provide guidance for personnel at or below Level 2
i) Report the results of NDT.
Level 3
An individual certified to Level 3 has demonstrated competence to perform and

direct NDT operations for which he is certified.
Level 3 personnel have demonstrated:
a) The competence to evaluate and interpret results in terms of existing

standards, codes, and specifications
b) Sufficient practical knowledge of applicable materials, fabrication,
process, and product technology to select NDT methods, establish NDT
techniques, and assist in establishing acceptance criteria where none or
are otherwise available
c) A general familiarity with other NDT methods
Within the scope of the competence defined on the certificate, Level 3 personnel
may be authorized to:
a) Assume full responsibility for a test facility or examination center

and staff
b) Establish, review for editorial and technical correctness, and validate NDT
instructions and procedures
c) Interpret standards, codes, specifications, and procedures
d) Designate the particular test methods, procedures, and NDT
instructions required
e) Carry out and supervise all tasks at all levels
f) Provide guidance for NDT personnel at all levels
Approval / Certification
To be performed by an accredited
certification business.
Requirements for practice and introduction to NDT method

before courses / issuance of certificate:
Method Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
MT 1 mnd. 3 mnd. 12 mnd.
PT 1 mnd. 3 mnd. 12 mnd.
UT 3 mnd. 9 mnd. 18 mnd.
RT 3 mnd. 9 mnd. 18 mnd.
ET 3 mnd. 9 mnd. 18 mnd.
VT 1 mnd. 3 mnd. 12 mnd.

Documentation
Companies have a responsibility to keep and annually update their certificates to the inspectors.
Each year the responsible level 3 perform a competency assessment of the individual inspector.
Near- and color vision are verified, before the certificate are approved for another 12 months.
After 5 years, an application must be submitted to the certification body, to renew the certificate for
another five years.
After 10 years you have to do a complete course with tests.
Reporting
Responsible level 3 shall report annually to the certification body on the status of the enterprise for the
year that has passed.
Are all certificates updated?

Is it registered complaints in the past 12 months?
Are there major changes in the organization over the last 12 months?
Odfjell Well Services
Hammaren 19
P.O.Box 152
N0-4098 Tananger
Norway
Tlf: +47 51 64 84 00
Fax: +47 51 64 71 81
email@odfjellwellservices.com
www.odfjellwellservices.com

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Inspection &

Description of a common inspection

The following steps are mandatory:

Visual thread inspection (VTI)

Example of OD gauge of tube Example of a check with a slide caliper

Magnetic particle inspection (MPI)

Example of connection checked with UV light

Transmission pulse/Start echo

Back wall echo

Ultrasonic screen Ultrasonic measurement determining wall thickness.

Electromagnetic inspection (EMI)

Examples of EMI unit

Every inspection is to be finalized with a

Any damage that cannot be repaired in the field,

Main Tubular DP Related

Drillpipe Summary Report

INSPECTION RESULTS Repair - Machining Send to NOS

Comments Change Work Order

TAM Import Serial No TAM Serial No TIM

Example of an inspection report

What to look for when inspecting

Crack indications in thread Crack indication in box connection

Crack indication in outside upset Galled thread

What to look for when inspecting

Pulled thread Overtorqued threads

Galled seal Stabbing damage to shoulder

What to look for when inspecting

Pitting/corrosion in pin SRG Washout in connection

Drill pipe repair

Grinding Pin threads

Grinding Box threads

Refacing tool Damaged shoulder

Refacing of shoulder Refaced shoulder

Before shop reface After shop reface

Recut of pin Recut of Box

Cold working LOAD

compress the fibers.

Cold Working tool Principle sketch

Copper sulfated shoulder

Documentation and traceability

Main Tubular DP Related

Drillpipe Summary Report

TAM Import Serial No TAM Serial No TIM

The repair shop will issue their report after a

Preservation & Storage

Preservation & storage

Why use thread compounds?

PIN Thread compounds suitable for use in

Plug the thread clearance

G1 Prevent contamination of the natural

C Prevent galling or scratches

Provide a coefficient of friction consistent

Pipe shall be laid with boxes in the same directions

Rejected pipe or pipe going to be repaired, shall be laid on a separate rack

Example of shoulder damage due to insufficient protector installation.

Picture shows dope where water has penetrated

The following are recommendations for the application and use

Secondary Coat secondary shoulder or

Ensure the connection is as free

What quantity of threads compound is

Preservation & Storage

The most common inspection standards in use today, are:

Preservation & Storage