Exercise 10.

3 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Page 332
Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0
Question # 1
Find the values of sin 2 ,cos 2 and tan 2 when:
12 3
(i) sin = (ii) cos = where o < <
13 5 2
Solution
12
(i) sin = ; 0 < <
13 2
Since cos = 1 sin 2
As is in the first quadrant so value of cos is +ive

cos = 1 sin 2

2
12 144 25 5
= 1 = 1 = cos =
13 169 169 13
12
sin 12
and tan = = 13 tan =
cos 5 5
13
Now sin 2 = 2sin cos
12 5 120
= 2 sin 2 =
13 13 169

cos 2 = cos 2 sin 2

2 2
5 12 25 144 119
= = cos 2 =
13 13 169 169 169
2 tan
tan 2 =
1 tan 2

=
( )
2 12
5 =
24
5 =
24
5 = 24 25
2
( )
1 12 1 144 119 5 119
5 25 25
120
tan 2 =
119

3
(ii) cos = ; 0 < <
5 2
Hint: First find sin and tan then solve as above

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FSc I - 10.3 - 2

Prove the following identities (Question 2 13)

Question # 2
cot tan = 2cot 2
cos sin cos 2 sin 2
Solution L.H.S = cot tan = =
sin cos sin cos
2 2
2(cos sin ) 2 cos 2
= = = 2cot 2 = R.H.S
2sin cos sin 2
Question # 3
sin 2
= tan
1 + cos 2
Solution 1 + cos 2
2
sin 2 2sin cos cos =
L.H.S = = 2
1 + cos 2 2cos 2 2
2 cos = 1 + cos 2
sin
= = tan = R.H.S
cos
Question # 4
1 cos
= tan
sin 2
Solution
1 cos
1 cos 2sin 2 sin
2
=
L.H.S = = 2 2 2
sin
2sin cos 2sin
2
= 1 cos
2 2 2

sin
= 2 = tan = R.H.S sin = 2sin
2
cos
2
2
cos
2
Question # 5
cos sin
= sec 2 tan 2
cos + sin
Solution
cos sin
L.H.S =
cos + sin
cos sin cos sin
=
cos + sin cos sin
(cos sin ) 2 cos 2 + sin 2 2sin cos
= =
cos 2 sin 2 cos 2
1 sin 2 1 sin 2
= = = sec 2 tan 2 = R.H.S
cos 2 cos 2 cos 2

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 FSc I - 10.3 - 3

Question 6

1 + sin sin + cos
= 2 2
1 sin sin cos
2 2
1 + sin
Solution L.H.S = sin
2
+ cos
2
=1
1 sin 2 2

sin 2 + cos 2 + 2sin cos sin = 2sin cos
= 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
sin + cos 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
2

sin + cos sin + cos
=
2 2 2 2
= = R.H.S

2

sin cos
sin cos 2 2
2 2
Question # 7
cosec + 2cosec 2
= cot
sec 2
cosec + 2cosec 2
Solution L.H.S =
sec
1 2
+
1 2
= sin sin 2 = cos +
1 sin 2sin cos
cos
1 1 cos + 1
= cos + = cos
sin sin cos sin cos

cos + 1 2cos 2
= = 2 = cot = R.H.S
sin 2
2sin cos
2 2
Question # 8
1 + tan tan 2 = sec 2
sin sin 2
Solution L.H.S = 1 + tan tan 2 = 1 +
cos cos 2
cos cos 2 + sin sin 2 cos(2 )
= =
cos cos 2 cos cos 2
cos 1
= = = sec 2 = R.H.S
cos cos 2 cos 2

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FSc I - 10.3 - 4

Question # 9
2sin sin 2
== tan 2 tan
cos + cos3 cos3 = 4 cos3 3cos
2sin sin 2 1 + cos 2
Solution L.H.S = cos 2 =
cos + cos3 2
2sin sin 2 2
2cos 1 = cos 2
=
cos + 4cos3 3cos
2sin sin 2 2sin sin 2
= =
4cos3 2cos 2cos (2cos 2 1)
sin sin 2
= = tan tan 2 = tan 2 tan = R.H.S
cos cos 2
Question # 10
sin 3 cos3
=2
sin cos
sin 3 cos3 sin 3 cos cos3 sin
Solution L.H.S = =
sin cos sin cos
sin ( 3 ) sin 2 2sin cos
= = = = 2 = R.H.S
sin cos sin cos sin cos
Question # 11
cos3 sin 3
+ = 4cos 2
cos sin
cos3 sin 3 cos3 sin + sin 3 cos
Solution L.H.S = + =
cos sin sin cos
sin( + 3 ) sin 4 2sin 2 cos 2
= = =
sin cos sin cos sin cos
2(2sin cos )cos 2
= = 4cos 2 = R.H.S
sin cos
Question # 12

tan + cot
2 2 = sec

cot tan
2 2

sin cos sin 2 + cos 2
2 + 2 2 2

tan + cot cos sin sin cos
Solution L.H.S = 2 2 = 2 2 = 2 2

cot tan cos sin cos 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2 2 2

sin cos sin cos
2 2 2 2
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 FSc I - 10.3 - 5

sin 2 + cos 2 1
= 2 2 = = sec = R.H.S
cos
cos 2 sin 2
2 2
Question # 13
sin 3 cos3
+ = 2cot 2
cos sin
sin 3 cos3 sin 3 sin + cos3 cos
Solution L.H.S = + =
cos sin sin cos
cos(3 ) cos 2 2cos 2
= = =
sin cos sin cos 2sin cos
2cos 2
= = 2cot 2 = R.H.S
[[
sin 2
Question # 14
Reduce sin 4 to an expression involving only functions of multiples of raised to
the first power.
2
2 1 cos 2
Solution 4
( 2
sin = sin =

) 2


1 2cos 2 + cos 2 2 1
=
4 4
(
= 1 2cos 2 + cos 2 2 )
1 1 + cos 4 1 2 4cos 2 + 1 + cos 4
= 1 2cos 2 + =
4 2 4 2
1
= ( 3 4cos 2 + cos 4 )
8
Question # 15
Find the values ofsin and cos , without using table or calculator, when
(i)18 (ii)36 (iii)54 (iv) 72
Solution
(i) Let = 18 5 = 90 3 + 2 = 90 2 = 90 3
sin 2 = sin(90 3 )
sin 2 = cos3 cos3 = 4cos3 3cos
2sin cos = 4cos 3cos
3
sin 2 = 2sin cos
2sin = 4cos 2 3 ing by cos
2sin = 4(1 sin 2 ) 3
2sin = 4 4sin 2 3 2sin = 1 4sin 2
4sin 2 + 2sin 1 = 0
This is quadratic in sin with a = 4 , b = 1 and c = 1

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FSc I - 10.3 - 6

2 (2) 2 4(4)(1) 2 4 + 16 2 20
sin = = =
2(4) 8 8
2 2 5 1 5
= =
8 8
Since = 18 lies in the first quadrant so value of sin can not be negative therefore
1 + 5 5 1
sin = sin18 = = 18
4 4
Now
2
5 1
2
cos 18 = 1 sin 18 2
cos 18 = 1
2

4
2

cos 18 = 1
2
( ) 5 2 5 +1
5 2 5 +1
=1
16 16
62 5 16 6 + 5 10 + 2 5
=1 = =
16 16 16
10 + 2 5 10 + 2 5
cos18 = cos18 =
16 4

1 + cos 2
(ii) Since cos 2 =
2
cos 2 = 2cos 1
2

cos 2(18) = 2cos 2 (18) 1

2
10 + 2 5
cos36 = 2 1
4

10 + 2 5 10 + 2 5
= 2 1 = 1
16 8
10 + 2 5 8 2+2 5 1+ 5
= = cos36 =
8 8 4
Now sin 2 36 = 1 cos 2 36
2

=1
1+ 5
2
1+ 2 5 + ( ) 5
=1
2 16
1+ 2 5 + 5 6+2 5
=1 =1
16 16
16 6 2 5 10 2 5
= =
16 16
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 FSc I - 10.3 - 7

10 2 5 10 2 5
sin 36 = sin 36 =
16 4

(iii) Now sin(90 36) = cos36 sin(90 ) = cos

1+ 5
sin 54 = cos36 sin 54 =
4
And cos(90 36) = sin 36

10 2 5
cos54 = sin 36 cos54 =
4

(iv) Now sin(90 18) = cos18 sin(90 ) = cos

10 + 2 5
sin 72 = cos18 sin 72 =
4
and cos(90 18) = sin18
5 1
cos 72 = sin18 cos 72 =
4

Alternative Method for Q # 15 (iii)

Let = 54 5 = 270 3 + 2 = 270 2 = 270 3
sin 2 = sin(270 3 )
sin 2 = sin(3(90) 3 ) cos3 = 4cos3 3cos
sin 2 = cos3 sin 2 = 2sin cos
2sin cos = (4cos 3cos )
3

2sin cos = 4cos3 + 3cos )

2sin = 4cos 2 + 3 ing by cos
2sin = 4(1 sin 2 ) + 3
2sin = 4 + 4sin 2 + 3 2sin = 4sin 2 1
4sin 2 2sin 1 = 0
This is quadratic in sin with a = 4 , b = 1 and c = 1
(2) (2) 2 4(4)(1) 2 4 + 16 2 20
sin = = =
2(4) 8 8
22 5 1 5
= =
8 4
Since = 54 lies in the first quadrant so value of sin can not be negative therefore

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FSc I - 10.3 - 8

1+ 5 1+ 5
sin = sin 54 = = 54
4 4

Now
2
1+ 5
2 2
cos 54 = 1 sin 54 cos 54 = 1
2

4
2

cos 2 54 =1
( 5) + 2 5 +1
5 + 2 5 +1
=1
16 16
6+2 5 16 6 5 10 2 5
=1 = =
16 16 16
10 2 5 10 2 5
cos54 = cos54 =
16 4

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Book: Exercise 10.3 (Page 332)

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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