COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

3/F St. Theresas Building,

900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621
EVANGELISTA - RAMOS

Advance Research Method 1

Preliminary Examination
(TOTAL: 75 PTS)

General Instructions: Submit the exam NLT 5:00PM on Wednesday (August 2, 2017) thru hard copy or
email (april.mergelle.lapuz@adamson.edu.ph). Kindly follow the format: Calibri 11, 8.5x13, .doc/x file.

I. Data Presentation
Choose the appropriate graph for each of the data set given below. Give a brief
interpretation of your graphs. (5 points each)
1.
Table 2.1 Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity in the Philippines, 1991
Causes Rate Per 100, 000 Population
Diarrheal Diseases 1, 702.5
Bronchitis 1, 518.5
Influenza 788.3
Pneumonia 469.2
Tuberculosis, all forms 210.0
Accidents 107.3
Diseases of the Heart 98.0
Malaria 73.6
Varicella 73.0
Measles 59.9
Source: Philippine Health Statistics, 1991

2.
Table 2.2 Occupation of 256 Patients with Allergic Contact Dermatitis Seen at the PGH
Dermatology Clinic, April 1982 to November 1986
Occupation No. of Patients %
Housekeeper 83 32.42
Student 40 15.63
Office Worker 35 13.67
Paramedic 18 7.03
Teacher 15 5.86
Dressmaker 15 5.86
Others 50 19.53
Total 256
Source: Gutierrez, G., et.al., A Study of Allergic Contact Dermatitis at the PGH
Dermatology Clinic, ActaMedicaPhilippina, vol.24, Series 2, no. 2, April-June 1988, pp. 61-
65.

3.
Table 2.3 Distribution of Health Workers According to Type and Whether or Not They
Have Received Training on the Proper Way of Filling-up Forms
Type of Health Worker Without Training With Training
Midwife 37 10
Sanitarian 19 8
Nurse 8 8
Doctor 4 6
Total 68 32

4.
Table 2.4 Distribution of CPH Students by Degree Program
Degree Program Total Number of Students Numbers of MDs

Page 1 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621
MPH 80 55
MHA 40 34
MOH 6 3
MSPH 20 4

5.
Table 2.5 Post-Treatment Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis of Both Sexes by
Age, San Narciso, Victoria, Mindoro Oriental (1982)
No. of Ascaris Trichuris Hookworm
Age Group
Examination + % + % + %
0-6 53 7 13.2 15 28.3 0 0.0
7 14 92 8 8.7 27 29.3 5 5.4
15+ 163 11 6.7 57 35.0 8 4.9
Source: Cabrera, B.D. and Cruz, A.C. A Comparative Study on the Effect of Mass
Treatment of the Entire Community and Selective Treatment of Children on the Total
prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Two Communities, Mindoro, Philippines,
Collected Papers on the Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis. Vol.2

II. Linear Regression(include the syntax and STATA output if necessary)

1. A pre-test is given to all students enrolled in Biostatistics 201 at the beginning of the
course in order to test the students background in Basic Math (Algebra). The pre-test
scores and the final grades of 20 students who were enrolled in Biostatistics 201 in 1987
were recorded as follows:
a. Interpret the scatterplot for these data. (3 points)
b. Find the equation of the regression line to predict final grades from the
pre-test. (3 points)
c. How do you interpret the computed values of the intercept and the
regression coefficient? (3 points)
d. Using the derived regression equation, what is the expected final grade
of a student with a pre-test score of 25.0? (3 points)
e. Is the pre-score a significant predictor of a students final grade in
Biostatistics? Support your answer. (3 points)

Pre-Test Final Grade Pre-Test Final Grade

37.0 2.50 35.0 2.75
39.0 1.25 40.0 1.50
13.0 2.25 10.0 2.00
32.0 5.00 20.0 1.75
31.0 1.50 35.0 1.75
35.0 2.25 27.0 1.75
43.0 1.50 5.0 5.00
42.0 1.50 34.0 1.50
34.0 1.25 14.0 2.75
6.0 5.00 24.0 2.50

III. Correlation (35 points)

Using exam.dta, investigate which subtests are associated with each other. By a line, show
the trend of the relationship existing between two subtests that exhibit the strongest
association.
Hint: To determine the correlation between the different subtests use the syntax cor.test.

---------------------------- End of Exam --------------------------

Page 2 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

EVANGELISTA, TRISTANIEL MARK R. BIOSTAT LAB.

RAMOS, KRISTINA E. CLINICAL PHARMACY

I. Data Presentation

1.

Figure 2.1 Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity in the Philippines,

1991

Diarrheal Diseases 1702.5

Bronchitis 1,518.50
Influenza 788.3
Pneumonia 469.2
Causes

Tuberculosis, all forms 210

Accidents 107.3
Diseases of the Heart 98
Malaria 73.6
Varicella 73
Measles 59.9

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Rate per 100,000 Population

Interpretation:
Based on the Philippine Health Statistics dated 1991, The ten leading causes of Morbidity in the
Philippines are shown above. Diarrheal Diseases ranked first with total of 1,702.5 rate per 100,000 of
population, next are Respiratory Diseases namely, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, and Tuberculosis with ranked
2nd, 4th, and 5th sum up of 2,197.7 rate per 100,000 of population. The three Viral Diseases Influenza,
Varicella and Measles with total of 921.1 cases ranked 4th, 9th, and 10th respectively. One is Parasitic, -
Malaria which ranked 8th with 73.6 rate per 100,000 of population. The two care accident with 107.3
and Diseases of Heart with 98.0 rate, ranked 7th.

Page 3 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

2.

FIGURE 2.2 OCCUPATION OF 256 PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC

CONTACT DERMATITIS SEEN AT THE PGH DERMATOLOGY CLINIC,
APRIL 1982 TO NOVEMBER 1986 NO. OF PATIENTS

Others, 50, 19%

Housekeeper,
83, 32%
Dressmaker, 15,
6%

Teacher, 15, 6%

Paramedic, 18,
7%
Office Worker, Student, 40,
35, 14% 16%
Interpretation:
Based on the Philippine General Hospital Dermatology Clinic, It Represent the occupation of the
Patients with allergic contact dermatitis with 83 reported cases, 32.42 %. While the dressmaker is the
least affected with 15 reported cases, 5.86 %. Maybe due to work environment the Housekeeper is the
most affected because they are more prone to allergens than others.

3.

Figure 2.3 Distribution of Health Workers According to

Type and Whether or Not They Have Received Training on
the Proper Way of Filling-up Forms
80
68
70
60
DISTRIBUTION

50
37
40 32
30
19
20 10 8 8 8 6
10 4
0
Midwife Sanitarian Nurse Doctor Total
TYPE OF HEALTH WORKER

Without Training With Training

Interpretation:

Based from the Bar Graph, Distribution of the Health Workers according to the Type and whether or not
they have received training on the proper way it can be concluded that Midwives, are highly distributed
compared to the other health workers. It can also be concluded from the chart that Midwives and
Sanitarians are not necessarily required training on filling up forms to be employed, while Doctors are
highly employed if they have training on filling up forms.

Page 4 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

4.

Figure 2.4 Distribution of CPH Students by

Degree Program
Numbers of MDs Total Number of Students

100

90

80

70
DISTRIBUTION

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
MPH MHA MOH MSPH
DEGREE PROGRAM

Interpretation:

Based on the Bar Graph the Degree program of Master of Public Health have the greatest number of
enrollee of MDs with a 55 students followed by Master of Health Administration with 35 student
enrolled as MD, While Master of Science in Public Health and Master of Occupational Health ranked 3rd
and 4th

Page 5 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

5.

FIGURE 2.5 POST TREATMENT PREVALENCE OF

SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS OF BOTH
SEXES BY AGE, SAN NARCISO, VICTORIA, MINDORO
ORIENTAL (1982)
Total Examined Ascaris Trichuris Hookworm

163
PREVALENCE

92

57
53

27
15

11
8

8
7

5
0

0-6 7 14 15+
AGE GROUP

Interpretation:

Based on the graph the comparison of Result in different age group with the Post Treatment Prevalence
of Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis. It shows that the Trichuris yields the most notable prevalent of the soil-
transmitted helminth regardless of its Age group. The Ascaris ranked 2nd, while Hookworm ranked 3rd. As
shown above, the Hookworm is absent in the 0-6 age group. While the Trichuris become twice as many the
total number of Ascaris. The 7-14 age group, the hookworm have the highest number in this age group, and
also that Trichuris is more ample than Ascaris. Lastly the Trichuris is prominently than Ascaris and
Hookworm.

Page 6 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

II.

Pre-Test Scores and Final Grades of 20 Students Enrolled in

Biostatistics 201 in 1987
6

4
Final Grade

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Pre-Test
y = -0.0574x + 3.9583

a. The scatter plot showed that there is an indirect relationship between pre-test and the
final grades of the 20 students who were enrolled in Biostatics in 1987 since the plot on the
graph are too distant and many outliers

b.

Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 20

-------------+------------------------------ F( 1, 18) = 8.76
Model | 9.38810982 1 9.38810982 Prob > F = 0.0084
Residual | 19.2962652 18 1.07201473 R-squared = 0.3273
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.2899
Total | 28.684375 19 1.50970395 Root MSE = 1.0354

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
finalgrade | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
pretest | -.0574021 .0193972 -2.96 0.008 -.0981541 -.0166501
Page 7 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621
_cons | 3.958278 .5868413 6.75 0.000 2.72537 5.191185
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. The equation of the regression line to predict final grades from the pre-test is

y = ax + b

y = -0.05740x + 3.9583

c.
Based from the computation of the intercept and regression coefficient the computed p value is 0.0084.
Meaning there is a significant relationship between the Pre-test and Final Grade.

d.
If x = 25.0

and the regression equation is y = -0.05740x + 3.9583

y = -0.05740x + 3.9583

y = -0.05740(25) + 3.9583

y = 2.5

The expected final grade of a student with a pre-test score of 25.0 is 2.5

e.
Yes, the pre- test score of a student is a significant predictor of their final grade because based from the
scatter plot and Prob > F they have a significant relationship. Meaning if a student got a high score in the
Pre-test, surely his or her final grade in biostatistics will be closer to 1. But base from the given data
there are a lot of outliers.

Page 8 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

III. Correlation
. pwcorr id prog sex ses schtyp read write math science socst honors awards
(prog ignored because string variable)
(sex ignored because string variable)
(ses ignored because string variable)
(schtyp ignored because string variable)
(honors ignored because string variable)

| id read write math science socst awards

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------
id | 1.0000
read | 0.1486 1.0000
write | 0.1867 0.5968 1.0000
math | 0.2192 0.6623 0.6174 1.0000
science | 0.3214 0.6302 0.5704 0.6307 1.0000
socst | 0.1833 0.6215 0.6048 0.5445 0.4651 1.0000
awards | 0.1002 0.5617 0.8521 0.5998 0.5035 0.5214 1.0000

20 40 60 80 40 60 80 20 40 60 80
200

id 100

0
80

60
read
40

20
60

write 40

20
80

60
math

40
80

60
science
40

20
80

60
socst
40

20
10

awards 5

0
0 100 200 20 40 60 20 40 60 80 0 5 10

Page 9 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

80
60
40
20

30 40 50 60 70 80
math

Fitted values science

Interpretation:
As shown above, Science exhibits the most significant variable among in the other subjects in
the given data. But the scatterplot data it shows to have many outliers to be considered. There
is no strong evidence that science can be the sole basis of the data.

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