COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

3/F St. Theresas Building,

900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621
Advance Research Method 1
Preliminary Examination
(TOTAL: 75 PTS)

LEDESMA, LORIE ANN P.

MATIAS, IRA CLAUDETTE

General Instructions: Submit the exam NLT 5:00PM on Wednesday (August 2, 2017) thru hard copy or
email (april.mergelle.lapuz@adamson.edu.ph). Kindly follow the format: Calibri 11, 8.5x13, .doc/x file.

I. Data Presentation
Choose the appropriate graph for each of the data set given below. Give a brief interpretation
of your graphs. (5 points each)
1.
Table 2.1 Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity in the Philippines, 1991
Causes Rate Per 100, 000 Population
Diarrheal Diseases 1, 702.5
Bronchitis 1, 518.5
Influenza 788.3
Pneumonia 469.2
Tuberculosis, all forms 210.0
Accidents 107.3
Diseases of the Heart 98.0
Malaria 73.6
Varicella 73.0
Measles 59.9
Source: Philippine Health Statistics, 1991

Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity in the

Philippines, 1991
Measles 59.9
Varicella 73
Malaria 73.6
Diseases of the heart 98
CAUSES

Accidents 107.3
TB 210
Pneumonia 469.2
Influenza 788.3
Bronchitis 1518.5
Diarrhea 1702.5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

RATE PER 100, 000 POPULATION

The data shows that the ten leading causes of morbidity in the Philippines in chronological
order are: (1)Diarrhea, (2)Bronchitis, (3)Influenza, (4)Pneumonia, (5)TB, (6)Accidents,
(7)Diseases of the heart, (8)Malaria, (9)Varicella, (10)Measles

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 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

2.
Table 2.2 Occupation of 256 Patients with Allergic Contact Dermatitis Seen at the PGH
Dermatology Clinic, April 1982 to November 1986
Occupation No. of Patients %
Housekeeper 83 32.42
Student 40 15.63
Office Worker 35 13.67
Paramedic 18 7.03
Teacher 15 5.86
Dressmaker 15 5.86
Others 50 19.53
Total 256
Source: Gutierrez, G., et.al., A Study of Allergic Contact Dermatitis at the PGH Dermatology
Clinic, ActaMedicaPhilippina, vol.24, Series 2, no. 2, April-June 1988, pp. 61-65.

OCCUPATION OF 256 PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC CONTACT

DERMATITIS SEEN AT THE PGH DERMATOLOGY CLINIC,
APRIL 1982 TO NOVEMBER 1986
Others
19% Housekeeper
Dressmaker 32%
6%
Teacher
6%
Paramedic
7% Student
Office worker 16%
14%

The data shows the occupation of 256 patients with allergic contact dermatitis seen at the
PGH dermatology clinic. Among them, 32.42% are housekeepers, 15.63% are students,
13.67% are office workers, 7.03% are paramedics, 5.86% are teachers, 5.86% are
dressmakers, while 19.53% are made up of other occupations

3.
Table 2.3 Distribution of Health Workers According to Type and Whether or Not They
Have Received Training on the Proper Way of Filling-up Forms
Type of Health Worker Without Training With Training
Midwife 37 10
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 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621
Sanitarian 19 8
Nurse 8 8
Doctor 4 6
Total 68 32

Distribution of Health Workers According to Type and

Whether or Not They Have Received Training on the Proper
Way of Filling-up Forms
40
35
30
25
20 Without Training

15 With Training

10
5
0
Midwife Sanitarian Nurse Doctor

The data shows that it does not matter whether or not they have undergone training on the
proper way of filling-up forms for midwives, sanitarian, and nurses except for doctors where
it is essential for them to have training on the proper way of filling up forms than those who
didnt.

4.
Table 2.4 Distribution of CPH Students by Degree Program
Degree Program Total Number of Students Numbers of MDs
MPH 80 55
MHA 40 34
MOH 6 3
MSPH 20 4

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 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

Distribution of CPH Students by Degree

Program

MSPH

MOH

MHA

MPH

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

The data shows that there are 55 MDs out of 80 students in the MPH degree program, 34
MDs out of 40 students in the MHA degree program, 3 MDs out of 6 students in the MOH
degree program, and 4 MDs out of 20 in the MSPH degree program.

5.
Table 2.5 Post-Treatment Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis of Both Sexes by
Age, San Narciso, Victoria, Mindoro Oriental (1982)
No. of Ascaris Trichuris Hookworm
Age Group
Examination + % + % + %
0-6 53 7 13.2 15 28.3 0 0.0
7 14 92 8 8.7 27 29.3 5 5.4
15+ 163 11 6.7 57 35.0 8 4.9
Source: Cabrera, B.D. and Cruz, A.C. A Comparative Study on the Effect of Mass Treatment
of the Entire Community and Selective Treatment of Children on the Total prevalence of
Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Two Communities, Mindoro, Philippines, Collected
Papers on the Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis. Vol.2

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 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

Post-Treatment Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis of

Both Sexes by Age, San Narciso, Victoria, Mindoro Oriental
(1982)
60

50

40

30 0 - 6 y/o
7 - 14 y/o
20 15+ y/o

10

0
+ + % + %
Ascaris Trichuris Hookworm

The data shows that among the age group of 0 6 years old, 7 are positive for Ascaris with 13.2 %
prevalence, 15 are positive for Trichuris with 28.3% prevalence, and none for Hookworms; among the
age group of 7 14 years old, 8 are positive for Ascaris with 8.7 % prevalence, 27 are positive for
Trichuris with 29.3% prevalence, and 5 are positive for Hookworm with 5.4% prevalence; and, among
the age group of 15+ years old 11 are positive for Ascaris with 6.7 % prevalence, 57 are positive for
Trichuris with 35% prevalence, and 8 are positive for Hookworm with 4.9% prevalence

II. Linear Regression(include the syntax and STATA output if necessary)

1. A pre-test is given to all students enrolled in Biostatistics 201 at the beginning of the
course in order to test the students background in Basic Math (Algebra). The pre-test
scores and the final grades of 20 students who were enrolled in Biostatistics 201 in 1987
were recorded as follows:
a. Interpret the scatterplot for these data. (3 points)
b. Find the equation of the regression line to predict final grades from the
pre-test. (3 points)
c. How do you interpret the computed values of the intercept and the
regression coefficient? (3 points)
d. Using the derived regression equation, what is the expected final grade
of a student with a pre-test score of 25.0? (3 points)

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 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621
e. Is the pre-score a significant predictor of a students final grade in
Biostatistics? Support your answer. (3 points)

Pre-Test Final Grade Pre-Test Final Grade

37.0 2.50 35.0 2.75
39.0 1.25 40.0 1.50
13.0 2.25 10.0 2.00
32.0 5.00 20.0 1.75
31.0 1.50 35.0 1.75
35.0 2.25 27.0 1.75
43.0 1.50 5.0 5.00
42.0 1.50 34.0 1.50
34.0 1.25 14.0 2.75
6.0 5.00 24.0 2.50

a.

The scatter plot shows that Pre test and Final grade has no significant relationship because the data are
too scattered. It means that regardless of what grade they get in their pre test it wont have an effect on
their final grade.

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics

Multiple R 0.572093

R Square 0.32729
Adjusted R
Square 0.289917
Standard
Error 1.035381

Observations 20

ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F

Regression 1 9.38811 9.38811 8.757445 0.008396

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 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621
Residual 18 19.29627 1.072015

Total 19 28.68438

Standard Upper Lower Upper

Coefficients Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% 95% 95.0% 95.0%

Intercept 3.958278 0.586841 6.745057 2.54E-06 2.72537 5.191185 2.72537 5.191185

-
X Variable 1 -0.0574 0.019397 -2.9593 0.008396 -0.09815 -0.01665 0.09815 -0.01665

b.
y=mx+b
y = -0.0574 x + 3.952878

c. The data shows that the regression is significant. Pre test is only one of the factors that may affect in a
students final grade. There are also many others that may be considered in their final grade.

d.
y=mx+b
y = -0.0574(25)+3.958278
y=2.52

e.
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 9.38811 9.38811 8.757445 0.008396
Residual 18 19.29627 1.072015
Total 19 28.68438

The pre-score is a significant predictor of a students final grade in Biostatistics because it has a
value of 0.008396, based on the criteria a value of <0.05 is significant and >0.05 is not significant.
Therefore it is SIGNIFICANT.

III. Correlation (35 points)

Using exam.dta, investigate which subtests are associated with each other. By a line, show
the trend of the relationship existing between two subtests that exhibit the strongest
association.
Hint: To determine the correlation between the different subtests use the syntax cor.test.

pwcorr awards read write math science socst, sig star (.05)

| awards read write math science socst

-------------+------------------------------------------------------
awards | 1.0000
|
|
read | 0.5617* 1.0000
| 0.0000
|
write | 0.8521* 0.5968* 1.0000
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 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621
| 0.0000 0.0000
|
math | 0.5998* 0.6623* 0.6174* 1.0000
| 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
|
science | 0.5035* 0.6302* 0.5704* 0.6307* 1.0000
| 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
|
socst | 0.5214* 0.6215* 0.6048* 0.5445* 0.4651* 1.0000
| 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
|

. The data shows that those marked with (*) are not significant, due to the fact that all data are
independent and would show no change regardless if any other data value would increase or
decrease

. reg id math science read write socst awards

Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 200

-------------+------------------------------ F( 6, 193) = 4.85
Model | 87288.3765 6 14548.0627 Prob > F = 0.0001
Residual | 579361.624 193 3001.8737 R-squared = 0.1309
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.1039
Total | 666650 199 3350 Root MSE = 54.789

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
math | .5715915 .6321711 0.90 0.367 -.6752597 1.818443
science | 1.964164 .5559282 3.53 0.001 .8676891 3.060639
read | -.8550719 .5924894 -1.44 0.151 -2.023657 .3135136
write | 1.068734 .8654337 1.23 0.218 -.6381884 2.775656
socst | .4682804 .5011555 0.93 0.351 -.5201644 1.456725
awards | -7.442002 4.166579 -1.79 0.076 -15.65988 .7758727
_cons | -55.28745 39.88408 -1.39 0.167 -133.9521 23.37719
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. reg id read write math science socst

Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 200

-------------+------------------------------ F( 5, 194) = 5.12
Model | 77711.7433 5 15542.3487 Prob > F = 0.0002
Residual | 588938.257 194 3035.76421 R-squared = 0.1166
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.0938
Total | 666650 199 3350 Root MSE = 55.098

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
read | -.9399389 .5939055 -1.58 0.115 -2.111279 .2314016
write | -.0588975 .5952755 -0.10 0.921 -1.23294 1.115145
math | .3989122 .6282515 0.63 0.526 -.8401678 1.637992
science | 2.024179 .5580354 3.63 0.000 .9235838 3.124774
socst | .519796 .5031412 1.03 0.303 -.472533 1.512125
_cons | -.4929999 25.63078 -0.02 0.985 -51.04376 50.05776
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. reg id read math science socst

Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 200

-------------+------------------------------ F( 4, 195) = 6.43
Model | 77682.0249 4 19420.5062 Prob > F = 0.0001
Residual | 588967.975 195 3020.34859 R-squared = 0.1165
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.0984
Total | 666650 199 3350 Root MSE = 54.958

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
read | -.9464122 .58879 -1.61 0.110 -2.107626 .2148018
math | .3840752 .6085414 0.63 0.529 -.8160926 1.584243
science | 2.013055 .545203 3.69 0.000 .9378036 3.088307
socst | .5040097 .4759601 1.06 0.291 -.4346807 1.4427
_cons | -1.078062 24.87594 -0.04 0.965 -50.1385 47.98238
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. reg id read science socst

Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 200

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 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621
-------------+------------------------------ F( 3, 196) = 8.47
Model | 76478.9039 3 25492.968 Prob > F = 0.0000
Residual | 590171.096 196 3011.07702 R-squared = 0.1147
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.1012
Total | 666650 199 3350 Root MSE = 54.873

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
read | -.8260443 .5561915 -1.49 0.139 -1.922932 .2708439
science | 2.133859 .509716 4.19 0.000 1.128627 3.139091
socst | .5632375 .4659004 1.21 0.228 -.3555839 1.482059
_cons | 3.487264 23.76449 0.15 0.883 -43.37966 50.35419
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. reg id read science

Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 200

-------------+------------------------------ F( 2, 197) = 11.94
Model | 72078.2336 2 36039.1168 Prob > F = 0.0000
Residual | 594571.766 197 3018.13079 R-squared = 0.1081
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.0991
Total | 666650 199 3350 Root MSE = 54.938

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
read | -.5048064 .4891828 -1.03 0.303 -1.469514 .4599007
science | 2.208286 .5065767 4.36 0.000 1.209277 3.207295
_cons | 12.36642 22.62748 0.55 0.585 -32.25677 56.98961
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. reg id science

Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 200

-------------+------------------------------ F( 1, 198) = 22.81
Model | 68864.237 1 68864.237 Prob > F = 0.0000
Residual | 597785.763 198 3019.12001 R-squared = 0.1033
-------------+------------------------------ Adj R-squared = 0.0988
Total | 666650 199 3350 Root MSE = 54.947

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
science | 1.878867 .3934046 4.78 0.000 1.103066 2.654668
_cons | 3.080741 20.76476 0.15 0.882 -37.86772 44.0292
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| id read write math science socst awards

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------
id | 1.0000
read | 0.1486 1.0000
write | 0.1867 0.5968 1.0000
math | 0.2192 0.6623 0.6174 1.0000
science | 0.3214 0.6302 0.5704 0.6307 1.0000
socst | 0.1833 0.6215 0.6048 0.5445 0.4651 1.0000
awards | 0.1002 0.5617 0.8521 0.5998 0.5035 0.5214 1.0000

Page 9 of 10
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
3/F St. Theresas Building,
900 San Marcelino Street,
1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Tel No., 524.2011 loc 390;
Direct Line: 5212621

The data shows that science has the highest significance with regards to ID because it has the p value of
0.0000, and a p-value >0.05 is not significant, and a p-value of <0.05 is significant.

Although Science has the highest significance with ID it does not indicate high accuracy looking to its
scatter plot because of the many outliers.

---------------------------- End of Exam --------------------------

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