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Oil Services
Pricing to Drive OSX in 1H17; 2H17 Less Certain Due to Oil Services
Rising US Production DanielJ.Boyd, CFA Analyst
daniel.boyd@bmo.com (713) 547-0812
Bottom Line: We see near-term upside for stocks with US leverage via positive ThomasW.Shipp, CFA
estimate revisions. However, we do not think its time to go all in and buy later-cycle thomas.shipp@bmo.com (212) 885-4023
offshore drillers. OPEC cuts and record E&P equity issuance have pulled the upcycle BenjaminSchroeder, CFA
forward but we see risk of US oil production ramping faster than expected and causing Benjamin.Schroeder@bmo.com (713) 546-9741
some OPEC members to reverse course in 2H17. Our report takes a unique look at cost Legal Entity: BMO Capital Markets Corp.
inflation based on prior cycles and current bottoms-up economics. We see 15% inflation
by YE17 with frac leading the charge. HAL benefits and remains our top pick.
Key Points
The upcycle has been pulled forward due to coordinated OPEC and non-OPEC
production cuts. We expect a relatively range-bound WTI in '17 ($50 and $60) with
upside in 1H17 and downside risk in 2H due to surging US production and risk of
OPEC reversing course.
We expect some of the economic rent to shift to oil service companies via 15%
cost inflation by YE17 with frac pricing of 20-25% leading the charge. See our
report for analytical support. However, most of the stocks that benefit from this shift
have already outperformed. HAL (Op) remains our top pick and is one of the few
companies where the street is underestimating earnings power. Land drillers are the
momentum trade, which we admittedly missed, especially post OPEC, and we would
remain paired due to stretched valuations. PTEN (Mkt) is our favorite due to its pressure
pumping exposure, and HP (Und) is our preferred short due to valuation.
Our preference for diversified service companies, HAL (OP), SLB (Op), and BHI (Op)
stems from our expectation for greater FCF per share due to lower capital intensity this
cycle. For HAL, we expect greater FCF/share at $65 oil than at $90-$100 last cycle. We
like WFT (Op) for its turnaround potential. We remain Underperform-rated on most
Offshore Drillers (ATW, DO, NE, and RIG) and NOV as we think these companies need
an extended period of oil prices above $65 for earnings to grow into current valuations.
The current recovery rivals the strongest on record with the US land rig count up
69%. This has been partially funded by a record $32 billion of equity raised by E&Ps. We
are raising our US land rig count forecast by 16% to 708 in 2017 and 3% to 876 in 2018.
Our new forecast reflects 45% growth in 2017 and 24% growth in 2018 with 4Q17/4Q16
growth of 33% and 4Q18/4Q17 growth of 19%. With compounded cost inflation, this
implies E&P spending increases of roughly 40% in both 2017 and 2018.
We see a growing risk that the duration of the upcycle is limited due to surging
US production. Our new forecast suggests US land production growth of 550-650k
b/d by 4Q17 and another 900k-1.1mn b/d of growth by 4Q18 (YoY growth of
225-250k/900-950k in 2017/2018).
Revising Estimates. We are revising our 2017/2018 EBITDA estimates and raising
our price targets. Our estimates are based on US E&P capex growth of 42%/40% in
2017/2018. This assumes $55/$65 oil and reinvestment rates of 115%/110%. We expect
international spending to be slightly higher in 2017 with 10-15% growth in 2018.
Please refer to pages 57 to 59 for Important Disclosures, including Analyst's Certification. Please see page 56 for our coverage universe.
Table of Contents
2017 Summary Outlook & Assumptions, page 3
Valuation, page 32
The current recovery rivals the strongest on record with the US land rig count up 69% since trough. This
has been partially funded by a record $32 billion of equity raised by E&Ps. We are raising our US land rig
count forecast by 16% to 708 on average in 2017 and by 3% to 876 in 2018. Our new forecast reflects
45% growth in 2017 and 24% growth in 2018 with 4Q17/4Q16 growth of 33% and 4Q18/4Q17 growth
of 19%.
We see a growing risk that the duration of the upcycle is limited with less amplitude to the upside. Our
new estimates suggest US land production growth of 550-650,000 b/d by 4Q17 and another 900,000-
1.1 million b/d of growth by 4Q18 (YoY growth of 225-250,000/900-950,000 b/d in 2017/2018). While
OPEC and non-OPEC production cuts should allow for large inventory draws in 1H2017, we see risk of
increased global production in 2H17 should US production growth resume as we expect, which may
cause some OPEC members to reverse course.
We remain Underperform-rated on most Offshore Drillers (ATW, DO, NE, and RIG) and NOV as we think
these companies need an extended period of oil prices above $65 for earnings to grow into current
valuations. Capital restraint and in some cases stretched balance sheets among major oil companies,
which represent 70-80% of deepwater demand, makes a strong recovery less likely.
We expect industry cost inflation of 15% over the next 12 months with trough-to-peak inflation of 25%
by YE2018. This would leave well costs ~30% below 2014 levels in 4Q17 and ~25% below in 4Q18. Our
forecast is based on a top-down analysis of the PPI for Oil & Gas Wells and bottom-up analysis of
pressure pumping and land rigs. We expect pressure pumping inflation of 20-25% based on our detailed
analysis of what is required for the industry to cover full-cycle R&M costs and re-activate stacked fleets.
A broad-based 10% increase is needed just to cover R&M capex. We expect high-spec land rig pricing to
increase 10-15%. We think it is important to highlight that 0-2% cost inflation is typical at this point in
the recovery so do not be alarmed by real-time E&P commentary of no inflation. See our PPI analysis on
page 9 for more detail.
Revising Estimates. We are raising our 2018 EBITDA estimates for our non-offshore coverage by 2%. Our
2018 estimates are on average in line with consensus. These estimates reflect our revised rig count
forecast as well as our expectation for activity consistent with a ~$65 oil environment. Our 2018
estimates are highest relative to consensus for large-cap service, consistent with our Outperform ratings.
For 4Q16, our EBITDA estimates are up 1% for non-offshore companies and -2% for offshore.
3Q16 4Q16 2016 1Q17 2Q17 3Q17 4Q17 2017 1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 2018
Period Change
E&P Capex (0.8%) 18.3% (52.2%) 18.6% 8.7% 8.2% 8.6% 41.7% 12.8% 13.5% 1.1% 0.0% 40.5%
Total US Land Rig Count 15.9% 22.9% (48.5%) 16.2% 5.5% 4.0% 4.4% 45.3% 7.9% 9.2% 1.1% 0.0% 23.7%
Inflation 0.0% 1.3% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.5% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Cumulative Inflation 3.3% 6.3% 10.6% 15.0% 7.7% 20.2% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 13.6%
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 2: Current Recovery Rivals the Strongest on Record Exhibit 3: Which Should Drive a Strong US Production Response
Baker Hughes Land Rig Count Percent Change From Trough US Lower 48 Production Forecast
9,000
200% 8,373
8,500
% change in the US land rig count
1999/2000
180%
8,000 7,778
Daily Production (k b/d)
7,560
160% 7,500
2H16/17/18
140% 7,000
120% 6,500
6,697
100% 6,000
80% 2009/10/11 5,500
60% 5,000
40% 4,500
2002/03/04 4,000
20%
1Q14
2Q14
3Q14
4Q14
1Q15
2Q15
3Q15
4Q15
1Q16
2Q16
3Q16A
4Q16E
1Q17E
2Q17E
3Q17E
4Q17E
1Q18E
2Q18E
3Q18E
4Q18E
0%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Weeks after trough
US Oil Production Forecast Peak (May 2015) Sept and Oct 2016
Source: Baker Hughes, BMO Capital Markets Source: EIA, DOE, BMO Capital Markets
OFFSHORE DRILLERS
Atwood Oceanics Und $13.97 $9 -36% 12.5x 32.1x $7 29% $6 -57% $10 -28% $14 0%
Diamond Offshore Und $19.47 $14 -28% 6.3x 7.1x $13 8% $14 -28% $17 -13% $20 3%
Ensco Mkt $11.79 $9 -24% 7.8x 9.8x $8 13% $7 -41% $9.50 -19% $12 2%
Noble Corp Und $7.56 $4.50 -40% 11.6x 11.4x $4 13% $4 -47% $5.75 -24% $7.50 -1%
Rowan Mkt $20.08 $15 -25% 8.6x 9.5x $12 25% $13 -35% $17 -15% $21 5%
Transocean Und $15.75 $10 -37% 8.3x 10.9x $7.50 33% $8 -49% $12 -24% $16 2%
Average -32% 9.2x 13.5x 20% -43% -21% 2%
Note: Near-term market volatility may cause the Expected Total Return to become temporarily misaligned relative to the hurdle for these stocks' ratings, as
defined under our current system.
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets. 5-year average multiples reflect 2011-2015.
We see potential for positive estimate revisions in North America, particularly for pressure pumping. We
expect North American E&Ps to continue outspending cash flow and think cost inflation could boost
service revenue and margins. In fact, the positive revision cycle has already begun with land drillers
leading the way. See Exhibit 6.
Exhibit 6: Consensus 2018 EBITDA Estimates Are Up 4% Since Trough on Average for Our Coverage
We are positive on the near-term direction of oil prices but expect a relatively range-bound year
between $50 and $60 for WTI. We expect relative estimate revisions to drive stock performance in this
environment, which was not the case in 2016. Stock performance during 2016 was driven by balance
sheets and multiple expansion; there was no correlation to estimate revisions. Land drillers performed
best in 2016 despite 2018 EBITDA revisions of -17% during the year (versus large cap at -1%) and
revisions off the trough only slighter better than average (+10% versus large cap at +3%). See Exhibits 6
and 8.
Versus other subsectors, our estimates vs. consensus show greatest potential for upward revisions in
large cap service, where our 2018E EBITDA is ~12% above consensus. Despite improving land rig counts
we are least optimistic on land driller estimates, which appear to fully discount recovery.
Capital Equipment
FMC Technologies Inc 22% 0.0% 22% 14% -29% -30% -14% 63% 32% 9.0x 9.1x 14.7x 12.0x
National Oilwell Varco Inc 12% 1.8% 14% 6% -84% -71% -45% 264% 91% 8.0x 6.7x 29.2x 12.9x
Average 17% 0.9% 18% 10% -56% -51% -29% 163% 62% 8.5x 7.9x 22.0x 12.5x
Offshore Drillers
Atwood Oceanics Inc 28% 0.7% 29% -13% 12% -25% -54% 16% 89% 8.9x 8.5x 10.3x 16.1x
Diamond Offshore Drilling Inc -16% 0.0% -16% -14% -9% -15% -31% 1% 25% 7.3x 7.7x 7.4x 9.6x
Ensco PLC -37% 0.3% -37% -30% -23% -37% -53% 11% 48% 7.0x 7.3x 7.8x 10.7x
Noble Corp plc -44% 1.8% -42% -23% -32% -50% -53% 55% 65% 7.6x 8.1x 11.7x 13.3x
Rowan Cos Plc 11% 0.0% 11% -14% -8% -29% -50% 22% 73% 7.4x 8.5x 9.0x 14.7x
Transocean Ltd 19% 0.0% 19% 1% 2% 2% -38% -1% 63% 9.7x 7.4x 9.6x 12.1x
Average -6% 0.5% -6% -16% -10% -26% -47% 17% 60% 8.0x 7.9x 9.3x 12.8x
The potential for cost inflation in the OFS supply chain is both a source of upside for NAM estimates and
a restraint on lower 48 production. Since ramping Lower 48 production is in our view the key risk to oil
supply & demand balance in 2017, cost inflation could be a stabilizer. Will cost inflation and
inefficiencies derail a ramp in US shale oil growth? We dont think so. We expect 15% cost inflation by
year-end 2017, which may prevent excessive US production but is not enough to derail production
growth of 550-650k/d YoY by 4Q17. We expect this level of growth to keep US oil prices from exceeding
$60/bbl during 2017 without an unforeseen geopolitical production disruption.
How do we get to 15%-25% cost inflation? We considered a bottom-up and a top-down approach to
arrive at a range of 15-25%. Even after an increase of 25%, well costs would still be below costs in
2014, prior to the downturn.
We expect U.S. production growth to continue despite cost inflation as most plays could absorb 15%-
25% higher costs and still remain competitive at $50s WTI. Our BMO E&P Team suggests that breakevens
fell to the $40s in 2016 (or for the Permian, lower) and are down ~40% from 2014. For more on
breakevens see page 12 and Exhibits 13 and 14.
Top-down Approach: Well PPI (Producer Price Index) Is Likely to Rise at Least 15% Based
on Prior Cycles
Top Down economic data support our cost-inflation estimate. We examined the Producer Price Indices
(PPI) for oil & gas wells and found that costs generally do not increase over the first seven months of a
new cycle, but in all historical cases accelerated thereafter. Therefore, the absence of significant cost
Activty vs Trough
7 months (Equivalent to Dec 2016) 16% 73% 36% 45% 70%
19 months (Equivalent to Dec 2017) 29% 142% 52% 103% 104%
Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor, BMO Capital Markets * Last reported data as of Nov. 16
Exhibit 10: Well Costs (PPI) Track Lagged WTI, Suggesting Higher Costs Given Higher Oil
Historical Well PPI and WTI
500 $120 WTI - Lagged Six Months
$100
PPI - Oil & Gas Wells
450
$80
400
$60
350
$40
300 $20
250 $0
Jul-10
Jul-11
Jul-12
Jul-13
Jul-14
Jul-15
Jul-16
Apr-10
Apr-11
Apr-12
Apr-13
Apr-14
Apr-15
Apr-16
Oct-16
Oct-10
Oct-11
Oct-12
Oct-13
Oct-14
Oct-15
Jan-13
Jan-10
Jan-11
Jan-12
Jan-14
Jan-15
Jan-16
Well costs can be divided by completions (65-70% of the total) and drilling costs (30-35%). Completion
costs are dominated by pressure pumping (~25% of the total well cost), proppant (~15% of the total),
Exhibit 11: Completions (Frac, Fluids and Proppant) Are the Largest Cost Components of a Well
Weighted Average Cost Components
Other, 23%
Frac Pumps, Equipment,
24%
Drilling Fluid, 3%
Proppant, 14%
Rig Dayrates, 12%
Completion fluids,
Casing and cement, flow back, 12%
11%
We think pressure pumping prices will rise 20%-25%. The upper end is required for service companies
to cover full-cycle R&M costs (est. R&M cost is close to $100 per horse per year on average) as well as a
6-12 month payback on fleet reactivation costs. At least 10% is required to cover just maintenance
capex. Reaching mid-cycle gross margins would require ~35% higher pricing and imply newbuild
paybacks of 6-7 years. See Exhibit 12.
Reactivations costs are typically $1-$3 million for initial warm stacked fleets, with costs moving up as
progressively less-ready equipment is returned to the field. Patterson describes average costs near $2
million, most of which is labor. Halliburton says 20% of reactivations can be done for ~$1 million, 40%
from $3-$8 million, with the residual requiring significantly more investment. C&J Energy (not covered)
describes reactivation costs of ~$1.5-$3 million for most fleets but as much as $15 million for the oldest.
All operators say they need pricing to justify the capital investment. We expect that rising reactivation
costs will pressure pricing as activity increases. The high end (25%) of our 15%-25% pricing range is
based on a typical 6-12 month payback period for reactivations assuming $2 million per fleet if
improving activity were to require reactivations of older assets costing more than $2 million to
reactivate, pricing could rise towards our +35% midcycle estimate.
Fleet reactivations have increased active U.S. HHP to over 8 million (est.) from lows near 6 million in July
(still nearly 60% below peak activity of ~18 million HHP in 2014). This includes most of the best
horsepower (e.g., all of Halliburtons Q10 assets are working). Most of the remaining horsepower is still
available in one form or another assets have traded hands due to bankruptcy and older assets have
been rebuilt, but we think most could theoretically return to work if pricing were to justify the capital
investment required. That said, we estimate that 4-6 million HHP would require a material increase in
pricing to justify reactivation. We see risk of a temporary bump in the supply of active crews given
potential for a few companies to IPO in 2017.
Revenue per HHP annualized (ex Sand) $399 $513 $539 $564 $590 $616 $641 $667 $693
Change in revenue per active HHP vs 3Q16 29% 35% 41% 48% 54% 61% 67% 74%
Active HHP 470,000 470,000 470,000 470,000 470,000 470,000 470,000 470,000 470,000
Total revenue (millions) $78.2 $100.5 $106 $111 $116 $121 $126 $131 $136
Pressure Pumping revenue (millions) $46.9 $60.3 $63 $66 $69 $72 $75 $78 $81
Sand/Proppant revenue (millions) $31.3 $40.2 $42 $44 $46 $48 $50 $52 $54
Sand/Proppant as a % 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40%
Segment totals
Revenue per HHP $166 $214 $225 $235 $246 $257 $267 $278 $289
Revenue per HHP annualized $665 $855 $898 $941 $984 $1,026 $1,069 $1,112 $1,155
Gross profit $0.9 $7 $10 $13 $16 $19 $22 $25 $28
Margin 1.2% 6.9% 9.5% 11.8% 13.9% 15.8% 17.6% 19.2% 20.7%
Incremental margin 27.0% 33.1% 37.2% 40.3% 42.6% 44.5% 46.0% 47.2%
Gross profit per HHP (based on 3Q16) $2 $15 $21 $28 $34 $40 $47 $53 $60
Annualized gross profit per HHP $8 $59 $85 $111 $136 $162 $188 $213 $239
Annual Full-Cycle R&M Capex per HHP -$100 -$100 -$100 -$100 -$100 -$100 -$100 -$100 -$100
Free Cash Flow per HHP (Illustrative) -$92 -$41 -$15 $11 $36 $62 $88 $113 $139
Payback on reactivations (months) 74.7 10.1 7.1 5.4 4.4 3.7 3.2 2.8 2.5
Payback on reactivations after R&M (months) NA NA NA 56 17 10 7 5 4
Pricing vs 2014 (assuming peak-trough of -30%) -27% -23% -20% -16% -13% -9% -6%
Pricing vs 2014 (assuming peak-trough of -40%) -37% -34% -31% -28% -25% -22% -19%
Reactivated crew size 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000
Cost per crew (millions) $2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $2.0
Implied GP per crew $0.32 $2.37 $3.40 $4.43 $5.45 $6.48 $7.51 $8.53 $9.56
Annual R&M per crew $4.0 $4.0 $4.0 $4.0 $4.0 $4.0 $4.0 $4.0 $4.0
Cashflow after R&M -$3.7 -$1.6 -$0.6 $0.4 $1.5 $2.5 $3.5 $4.5 $5.6
Source: Company Data, BMO Capital Markets
High-Spec Land Rig Pricing to Increase 10-15% to Incentivize Upgrades and Potentially
Newbuilds
We expect high spec land rig pricing to increase to ~$20k/d from leading edge rates of roughly $17-
$18k/d currently. This is in line with what we experienced during the 2009/2010 recovery. Spot market
increases are a response to tightening super spec rig supply (pad capable, high-hookload, 1,500 AC
rigs with upgraded mud pumps). As of 3Q16, industry participants estimated that there were ~250-300
such rigs in North America, of which ~190 were owned by our covered drillers. In 4Q16 we believe
utilization was near maximum. However, we think super-spec rig supply could grow 50%+ by year-end
2017 given the announced growth plans of our coverage. NBR plans to upgrade ~40 rigs by mid-2017 to
super spec vs. 3Q16 levels, plus additional rigs via newbuilds. PTEN says it can upgrade 76 rigs (actual
plans unknown), and HP signaled intent to upgrade 40 rigs by March if demand warrants and issued a
FY2017 capex budget that could support dozens more. Given 40+ rigs from NBR, ~50 from HP, and an
incremental 50 from PTEN, super spec supply among the Big 3 drillers would rise by ~140+ in 2017
versus current supply of ~190.
We expect U.S. Land production growth to continue despite cost inflation as even after 15%-25% cost
increases, most plays remain attractive. Breakevens in 2016 were down ~40% from 2014 highs on
average across U.S. land plays, per analysis from BMOs E&P team. The same analysis attributes 63% of
the reduction to lower oilfield service costs, with the remainder due to increased efficiency and well
productivity. Our E&P team estimates that breakevens would remain below 2014 levels even if OFS cost
inflation were as high as 50%. Even at the high end of our 15%-25% range, most U.S. land plays are
economic at $50s WTI, and Permian breakevens below $40 now suggest that inflation of 50% might be
required before the basin becomes uneconomic. The possibility that organic efficiency gains persist
through the upcycle could offset cost inflation and create additional headroom under breakevens.
$60 $40
Breakeven WTI
2013 $6
$50 $30
2014 $4
$40 $20
2015
$30 $10 $2
2016
$20 $0 $0
Bakken Niobrara Eagle Ford Midland Delaware
$10
WTI Breakeven +10% D&C WTI Breakeven +20% D&C
$0
Bakken Niobrara EagleFord Midland Delaware Change +10% D&C Change +20% D&C
Source: HPDI, BMO Capital Markets. Analysis from BMO E&P Team Source: HPDI, BMO Capital Markets. Analysis from BMO E&P Team
Counter seasonal inventory drawdowns are likely in 1Q17, as long as OPEC compliance is at least 60%,
which is in line with historical compliance levels. We think greater adherence is likely during 1H17 given
that it appears to be in the best interest of Saudi Arabia to maintain discipline, OPEC spare capacity is at
historically low levels, and the agreed reduction is a smaller portion of capacity (2.8%) than it was
during initial cuts in prior cycles (~4%-5%).
Exhibit 15: Oil Markets Have Tightened During 2018 Exhibit 16: Oil Demand Remains Strong
$140 Brent Oil (LHS) Tight Market 3 3.0
( in Demand > in
1.5
-
$80 1.0
Loose Market (1)
(S>D) 0.5
$60
(2) -
$40 (0.5)
(3)
Libya and Iran (1.0)
$20 outages prevented (4)
price weakness (1.5)
1Q12
2Q12
3Q12
4Q12
1Q13
2Q13
3Q13
4Q13
1Q14
2Q14
3Q14
4Q14
1Q15
2Q15
3Q15
4Q15
1Q16
2Q16
3Q16
4Q16E
1Q17E
2Q17E
3Q17E
4Q17E
YoY Supply/Demand Imbalance (RHS)
$0 (5)
1Q08A
3Q08A
1Q09A
3Q09A
1Q10A
3Q10A
1Q11A
3Q11A
1Q12A
3Q12A
1Q13A
3Q13A
1Q14A
3Q14A
1Q15A
3Q15A
1Q16A
3Q16A
1Q17E
3Q17E
Source: IEA, BMO Capital Markets Source: IEA, BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 17: Saudi Arabia Can Cut and Still Produce More Than Exhibit 18: OPEC Spare Capacity is at Historically Low Levels; Will
November 2014 Be Low Even if the Full Cut Is Implemented
8.0
11.00 Total OPEC Spare Capacity
7.0 Effective Spare Capacity - Saudi Arabia Only
10.50
Oil Prodiction (M b/d)
10.00
Indonesia added
5.0 to OPEC capacity
9.50 in Dec. 2015
4.0
9.00
3.0
8.50
2.0
8.00
Apr-13
Jul-13
Apr-14
Jul-14
Apr-15
Jul-15
Apr-16
Jul-16
Oct-13
Oct-14
Oct-15
Oct-16
Jan-13
Jan-14
Jan-15
Jan-16
1.0
0.0
1Q04
3Q04
1Q05
3Q05
1Q06
3Q06
1Q07
3Q07
1Q08
3Q08
1Q09
3Q09
1Q10
3Q10
1Q11
3Q11
1Q12
3Q12
1Q13
3Q13
1Q14
3Q14
1Q15
3Q15
1Q16
3Q16
Source: IEA, BMO Capital Markets Source: IEA, BMO Capital Markets
We see three primary upside risks for oil prices that could push oil prices above our $60 high end for
2017. 1) Destabilization in the Middle East, particularly in Iran, given President Elect Trumps negative
rhetoric related to the Nuclear Accord. 2) A slower-than-expected ramp in US shale oil due to material
cost inflation, inefficiencies, and/or disciplined E&P spending to cash flow. We think our analysis
appropriately accounts for 15% well cost inflation and a decline in leading-edge productivity per rig. We
assume 15% outspend, which is below the recent shale revolution average of 30-40%. 3) A decline in
non-OPEC ex US/Russia production. Non-OPEC ex US/Russia fell ~700k b/d from 4Q15 to 4Q16. Current
IEA numbers project production increases in Non-OPEC ex-US/Russia in 2017; flat or down production
could produce upside.
We see three primary risks to lower oil prices that could keep WTI oil prices below $55 and potentially
back below $50 in 2017.
Exhibit 19: US Lower 48 Land Production Growth (MoM) Exhibit 20: US Lower 48 Production Growth Has Continued
Monthly Change in US Lower 48 Land Only Oil Production Weekly and Monthly US Lower 48 Production
225 8.8
159
Monthly Change in Oil Prod. (k b/d)
175 143
Lower 48 Crude Production (Mil b/d)
145 8.7
123 115
125 108 99 106 8.6
76 8.5
75
8.4
25 0
8.3
(25) -7 8.2
-21 -3
-26 -45 -39 -35 8.1
(75) -53
-64 -55 -31
-57 -98 8.0
(125) -103 -74
-113 7.9
(175) -158 -153 7.8
May-16
Feb-16
Mar-16
Apr-16
Jul-16
Oct-16
Nov-16
Dec-16
Jan-16
Jun-16
Aug-16
Sep-16
(225) Jan-17
Oct
Nov
Dec
Oct
Nov
Dec
Aug
Sep
Mar
May
Aug
Sep
Mar
May
Oct
Apr
Aug
Sep
Jul
Jan
Apr
Jun
Jul
Jan
Jun
Jul
Feb
Feb
Source: EIA, BMO Capital Markets Source: DOE, EIA, BMO Capital Markets
1,200 1,100
8,000 7,778
1Q14
2Q14
3Q14
4Q14
1Q15
2Q15
3Q15
4Q15
1Q16
2Q16
3Q16A
4Q16E
1Q17E
2Q17E
3Q17E
4Q17E
1Q18E
2Q18E
3Q18E
4Q18E
(600) 200
3Q12
1Q11
3Q11
1Q12
1Q13
3Q13
1Q14
3Q14
1Q15
3Q15
1Q16
3Q16A
1Q17E
3Q17E
1Q18E
3Q18E US Oil Production Forecast Peak (May 2015) Sept and Oct 2016
Source: EIA, BMO Capital Markets Source: EIA, DOE, BMO Capital Markets
2) Weaker-than-expected demand due to higher oil prices, a stronger dollar, and slower developing
market demand given global protectionism. We think this is a lower probability risk given prices still far
below peak and generally stable economic indicators globally (Manufacturing PMI indices are at one-
year highs in the US, five-year highs in Europe, and north of 50 in China [ > 50 signals growth]). IEA
estimates currently project 1.3M b/d of global demand growth between 4Q16 and 4Q17.
3) A strong recovery in Libya and Nigeria. We view this as the lowest probability risk but worth
monitoring given the magnitude of the risk. Violence and political instability brought Libyan production
down more than 1 million b/d between January and September 2013, and it is still 800k b/d below
January 2013 levels. Uncertainty in Nigeria has reduced Nigerian production by ~380k b/d since January
2013. A return to past production levels could revert oil markets back to oversupply. See Exhibit 23.
Exhibit 23: Risk to Oil Prices: Libya & Nigeria are Production Almost ~1.2M b/d Below 2013 Levels
Libya & Nigeria Monthly Crude Production
2.5
Nigeria: Nov. '16 380k b/d below Jan. '13 levels
Crude Production (M b/d)
2.0
1.5
1.0 Libya: Nov. '16 800k b/d below Jan. '13 levels
0.5
0.0
Jul-13
Apr-13
Apr-14
Jul-14
Apr-15
Jul-15
Apr-16
Jul-16
Oct-13
Oct-14
Oct-15
Oct-16
Jan-13
Jan-14
Jan-15
Jan-16
Libya Nigeria
Equity capital markets allowed E&Ps to repair balance sheets with a record issuance of $32 billion during
2016. This allowed E&Ps to pre-fund drilling activity and sparked one of the strongest recoveries on
record. In total, public U.S. E&Ps raised more than $55 billion of equity, high-yield debt and unrated debt
during 2016, in line with peak capital markets access in 2014.
In 2017, a reduced need to repair balance sheets could allow outspend to surprise to the upside. In
2016, equity issuance that totaled roughly half of 2016 public E&P spend helped repair balance sheets
in a sample of 53 public U.S. E&Ps, net debt fell $26 billion between 1Q16 and 3Q16, despite
reinvestment rates over 150%. This is not typical during the prior upcycle, net debt grew while capital
raises far above 2000s averages went into the well. If capital markets access remains at current highs
and the focus shifts from balance sheet repair back to capital investment, reinvestment rates could fall
in line with the prior upcycle (130-150%) rather than our 115% base case.
Exhibit 24: We Expect US E&P Capex to Increase 42% in 2017 and 40% in 2018
Summary of OFS Macro Assumptions
3Q16 4Q16 2016 1Q17 2Q17 3Q17 4Q17 2017 1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 2018
Period Change
E&P Capex (0.8%) 18.3% (52.2%) 18.6% 8.7% 8.2% 8.6% 41.7% 12.8% 13.5% 1.1% 0.0% 40.5%
Total US Land Rig Count 15.9% 22.9% (48.5%) 16.2% 5.5% 4.0% 4.4% 45.3% 7.9% 9.2% 1.1% 0.0% 23.7%
Inflation 0.0% 1.3% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.5% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Cumulative Inflation 3.3% 6.3% 10.6% 15.0% 7.7% 20.2% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 13.6%
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
Brent Oil
$20
($bil)
$60
$0
$15
$40
$10 -$5
$5 $20
-$10
$0 $0
-$15
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
4Q13
4Q15
1Q13
2Q13
3Q13
1Q14
2Q14
3Q14
4Q14
1Q15
2Q15
3Q15
1Q16
2Q16
3Q16
Secondary IPO Convertible Brent Oil
Source: Bloomberg, Dealogic, BMO Capital Markets Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 28: E&P Net Debt Fell More Than 15% Between 1Q16- Exhibit 29: High Yield Issuance Was Below Peak but Above the
3Q16 2000s Average
Total Net Debt, Sample of 53 U.S. E&Ps High Yield Debt Issuance, U.S. Domiciled E&Ps
$160 $50
U.S. Domicilied E&P High Yield At
$140 $45
Public E&P Net Debt ($Bil USD)
$40
$120
$35
Issuance ($Bil)
$100 $30
$25
$80
$20
$60 $15
$40 $10
$5
$20 $0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
$0
1Q07
3Q10
1Q13
3Q16
3Q07
1Q08
3Q08
1Q09
3Q09
1Q10
1Q11
3Q11
1Q12
3Q12
3Q13
1Q14
3Q14
1Q15
3Q15
1Q16
US Domiciled E&P High Yield '11 to '15 Average '01 to '09 Average
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets. Excludes the impacts of Source: Bloomberg, Dealogic, BMO Capital Markets
bankruptcies.
Exhibit 30: E&P Share of Market-wide High Yield Debt Declined Exhibit 31: Overall Equity & HY Capital Raises Remained at Peak
From Highs; Still Elevated vs 2000s Levels in 2016
Historical High Yield Issuance E&Ps and Full HY Market Equity and HY Debt Issuance, U.S. Domiciled E&Ps
$450 14% '05-'10
U.S. Domiciled High Yield Issuance
$350
10% % YoY -9% 17% 39% 22% -5% 95%
$300
HY Debt 10.6 21.8 47.1 34.3 36.3 35.8 20.9
$250 8%
% YoY 9% 116% -27% 6% -1% -42%
$200
(Bil)
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets Source: Bloomberg, Dealogic, BMO Capital Markets.
We expect international growth to be measured (YoY growth of ~1%) but with strong 4Q/4Q growth of
10-15%. International rig activity has historically followed oil price, with a slight delay. We think Latin
America has the greatest chance of surprising to the upside (from low levels today), followed by either
Europe, Africa, or Asia. We see risk of the Middle East lagging expectations given how well it has held up
during the downturn. See Exhibits 35-38.
Exhibit 32: We Expect ~15% Growth 4Q16 to 4Q17; 2017 YoY May Be Near Flat
BHI, HAL, SLB, WFT Revenue Growth Rates by Geo-Market
4Q17E YoY 2017E YoY 2018E YoY
Eur/Af/ Mid East Eastern All Eur/Af/ Mid East Eastern All Eur/Af/ Mid East Eastern All
Ticker LatAm CIS & Asia Hemis. Int'l LatAm CIS & Asia Hemis. Int'l LatAm CIS & Asia Hemis. Int'l
BHI 19% 12% 13% 13% 14% -1% -11% 4% -3% -3% 24% 15% 17% 16% 17%
HAL 9% 10% 12% 11% 11% -12% -3% 1% -1% -3% 22% 13% 12% 13% 14%
SLB 17% 13% 15% 14% 15% -4% -1% 12% 6% 4% 20% 18% 18% 18% 18%
WFT 14% 17% 17% 17% 16% -1% 0% 4% 2% 1% 19% 15% 17% 16% 17%
Average 15% 12% 14% 13% 14% -5% -3% 7% 3% 1% 21% 16% 16% 16% 17%
Source: BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 33: International Rig Count is Down 33% From the Peak but Relatively Stable in Recent
Months
Baker Hughes International Rig Count
1,500
The Int'l rig count
BHI International Rig Count
1,400
fell 15% peak to
1,300 trough in 2008-09
1,200
1,100
800
Jul-10
Jul-15
May-11
Apr-09
Mar-12
Apr-14
May-16
Feb-10
Oct-11
Feb-15
Oct-16
Nov-08
Sep-09
Dec-10
Aug-12
Nov-13
Sep-14
Dec-15
Jan-08
Jun-08
Jan-13
Jun-13
We expect 2017 supermajor capex of -8% to +1% YoY in 2017. The high end of the range reflects
spending at 100% of cash flow (2011-2014 average was ~105%). Analyst consensus suggests ~-8%
lower capex in 2017, which implies a reinvestment rate of ~90%. We expect spending just under cash
flow or ~95% reinvestment suggesting modest ~4% declines in supermajor spend, and think NOCs are
likely to be the drivers of improvement in 2017. In 2018, analysts expect mid-single-digit improvement
in supermajor capex. Our higher (mid-teens) growth estimates in 2018 are predicated on a higher
(~$65) oil price environment and a continued recovery in NOC spending, especially in Latin America.
Brent Oil
'17/18E: $60
95%
100%
$40
50%
$20
0% $0
2005A
2000A
2001A
2002A
2003A
2004A
2006A
2007A
2008A
2009A
2010A
2011A
2012A
2013A
2014A
2015A
2016E
2017E
2018E
Cost Incurred Reinvestment Total Capex Reinvestment
Total Capex Avg '00-'10 Total Capex Avg. '11-'15
Exhibit 35: European Rig Counts Have Tracked Oil Closely Since
Exhibit 36: Asia-Pac Rig Activity Also Tracks Oil
2004
Historical Oil Prices & Asia Pacific Rig Activity
Historical Oil Prices & European Rig Activity
$160 180 $160 300
Brent Oil Spot Price (Montly Avg)
Brent Oil Spot Price (Montly Avg)
Rig Count
Rig Count
$100 220
100
$80 $80 200
80
$60 $60 180
60
160
$40 40 $40
140
$20 20 $20 120
$0 0 $0 100
Jan-00
Mar-01
May-02
Jul-03
Apr-05
Jun-06
Jan-07
Mar-08
May-09
Jul-10
Apr-12
Jun-13
Jan-14
Mar-15
May-16
Oct-01
Feb-04
Oct-08
Feb-11
Oct-15
Aug-00
Dec-02
Sep-04
Nov-05
Aug-07
Dec-09
Sep-11
Nov-12
Aug-14
Dec-16
Mar-01
May-02
Jul-03
Feb-04
Apr-05
Mar-08
May-09
Jul-10
Apr-12
Feb-11
Mar-15
May-16
Oct-01
Oct-08
Oct-15
Dec-02
Nov-05
Dec-09
Nov-12
Dec-16
Jan-00
Aug-00
Sep-04
Jun-06
Jan-07
Aug-07
Sep-11
Jun-13
Jan-14
Aug-14
Oil (Brent) Europe Rig Count Oil (Brent) Asia Pacific Rig Count
Source: Baker Hughes, Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets Source: Baker Hughes, Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
Rig Count
Rig Count
350 300
$80 $80
300 250
$60 $60
250 200
$40 $40
$20 200 $20 150
$0 150 $0 100
May-02
Mar-08
Mar-01
May-02
Jul-03
Feb-04
Apr-05
Mar-08
May-09
Jul-10
Apr-12
Feb-11
Mar-15
May-16
Mar-01
Jul-03
Feb-04
Apr-05
May-09
Jul-10
Feb-11
Apr-12
Mar-15
May-16
Oct-01
Oct-08
Oct-15
Oct-01
Oct-08
Oct-15
Dec-02
Nov-05
Dec-09
Nov-12
Dec-16
Dec-02
Nov-05
Dec-09
Nov-12
Dec-16
Jan-00
Aug-00
Sep-04
Jun-06
Jan-07
Aug-07
Sep-11
Jun-13
Jan-14
Aug-14
Jan-00
Aug-00
Sep-04
Jun-06
Jan-07
Aug-07
Sep-11
Jun-13
Jan-14
Aug-14
Oil (Brent) Latin America Rig Count Oil (Brent) Middle East Rig Count
Source: Baker Hughes, Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets Source: Baker Hughes, Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 39: Our New Forecast Is for US Land Rig Count Growth of 45%/24% in 2017/2018
BMO Old vs New Rig Count Forecast
BMO US Land Rig Count Forecast - Old vs. New YoY Change
3Q16A 4Q16A 2016A 1Q17E 2Q17E 3Q17E 4Q17E 2017E 1Q18E 2Q18E 3Q18E 4Q18E 2018E 2017 2018
NEW
US Land 461 567 487 659 695 723 755 708 815 890 899 899 876 45% 24%
% Change YoY -45% -22% -49% 26% 75% 57% 33% 45% 24% 28% 24% 19% 24%
% Change QoQ 16% 23% 16% 6% 4% 4% 8% 9% 1% 0%
Oil 374 449 390 527 563 586 613 572 668 740 749 749 727 47% 27%
Gas 85 117 97 132 132 137 142 136 147 150 150 150 149 40% 10%
Horizontal 373 474 402 545 575 597 623 585 672 734 743 744 723 46% 24%
Oil 309 380 322 437 467 486 508 474 554 613 621 621 602 47% 27%
Gas 65 94 77 108 108 111 114 111 118 120 122 123 121 44% 9%
Vertical / Directional 88 93 86 114 120 126 132 123 143 156 156 155 153 43% 24%
Oil 66 69 67 90 96 100 105 98 114 127 128 128 124 45% 27%
Gas 21 23 20 24 24 26 27 25 28 29 28 27 28 22% 13%
OLD - US Land 460 503 471 533 571 631 708 611 793 868 871 871 850 30% 39%
Absolute Change 1 64 16 126 124 92 47 97 22 22 28 28 25
% Difference 0% 13% 3% 24% 22% 15% 7% 16% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
Exhibit 40: Rig Count Is Up 69% Since Trough; We Expect Gradual Exhibit 41: Key Difference vs Last Cycle We Expect Full-Cycle
Improvement Throughout 2017 Recovery Well Below Prior Peak
Historical Rig Count Upcycle Changes, Percent Increase From Trough Historical Rig Count Cycles, Change from Prior Peak
200% 140%
% change in the US land rig count
1999/2000
BHI Land, Peak Indexed to 100%
180% 120%
160%
2H16/17/18 100%
140%
120% 80%
100%
60%
80% 2009/10/11
40%
60%
40% 20%
2002/03/04 1997-99 2001-02 2008-09 Current Cycle
20%
0%
0% 1 27 53 79 105 131 157 183 209
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Weeks From Peak
Weeks after trough
Source: Baker Hughes, BMO Capital Markets Source: Baker Hughes, BMO Capital Markets
Horizontal Oil Rigs 1,029 571 348 261 309 380 322 441 471 490 513 478 559 619 626 626 607
% of Horizontal 81% 76% 80% 80% 83% 80% 81% 81% 82% 82% 82% 82% 83% 84% 84% 84% 84%
% Change YoY -45% -58% -51% -39% -13% -44% 27% 80% 59% 35% 48% 27% 31% 28% 22% 27%
% Change Seq. 0% 31% -19% -40% 3% 11% 5% 13% 16% 17% 19% -20% 14% 12% 6% 0% -5%
Horizontal Gas Rigs 246 170 87 64 65 94 77 104 104 107 110 106 114 115 116 117 116
% of Horizontal 19% 23% 20% 20% 17% 20% 19% 19% 18% 18% 18% 18% 17% 16% 16% 16% 16%
% Change YoY -31% -60% -62% -58% -33% -55% 20% 62% 66% 17% 39% 9% 11% 9% 6% 9%
% Change Seq. 0% 0% -38% -26% 0% 45% 0% 11% 0% 3% 3% 0% 3% 1% 1% 1% 0%
Misc. Rigs 0 7 - 0 - - 3 - - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0% -
We expect contract rollovers to drive the floater rig count lower over the next 6 months. There are
currently 115 working floaters globally, and this has remained relatively flat over the last three months.
Stable working rig demand sounds positive but 151 rigs are currently contracted, suggesting downside
to the number of rigs generating revenue for offshore drillers. While the short-cycle US rig count
continued to ramp following OPECs decision and oil price strength, the offshore rig market is
characterized by longer lead-time projects and slower moving major oil companies. We think any
resulting increase in activity will take at least 3-6 months to materialize. Thus, we expect the working
rig count to be flat to down, ranging from 105-115 over the next six months.
The primary driver in further declines in the contracted floater rig count will be driven by contract
rollovers. There are 34 contract rollovers in 1H17 (17 in each quarter) and we assume just five net
renewals, suggesting a decline of 29 contracted floaters over the next six months. This expected
tightening of the working vs. contracted is a continuation of the current trend and similar to prior cycles.
See Exhibits 43-44. This supports our view of a demand bottom at mid-year 2017.
We are updating our floater supply and demand model for 2016 data, though our forward estimates are
largely unchanged. We expect floating rig demand (contracted) to continue to fall over the next two-
three quarters, by approximately 29 rigs (19%) to 122 at the end of 2Q17 from the current 151
contracted floaters. Our new forecast suggests average sequential (quarterly) declines of 9%, 10%, and
1% in 1Q17 3Q17, for a total decline of 16% from the current count of 151. We expect demand to
bottom roughly between 2Q17 and 3Q17, driven by contract rollovers, with the 3Q17 quarterly average
of 127 floaters representing the trough. See Exhibit 53.
Our 2017 average floater demand (measured by contracted floaters) forecast is 132 rigs, in line with our
prior forecast of 132 and down 25% from the 2016 average of 176. Our 2018 average floater demand
forecast is 147 rigs, in line with our prior forecast and represents 11% growth versus 2017.
There are currently 151 floaters contracted in the market of 288 delivered floaters, yielding a total
current utilization of 52%. Of the 288 floaters, 67 are currently cold stacked and not marketed. Thus,
there are currently 226 marketed floaters in the market, for a marketed utilization of 72%, leaving 63
floaters idle (i.e., hot or warm stacked). Since the downcycle began (4Q14), 68 floaters have been
scrapped and we expect another 52 floaters to be scrapped through 2018, for total attrition this cycle of
120 floaters. See Exhibits 48-50.
There are currently 48 undelivered newbuild floaters, 31 (65%) of which are not supported by future
contracts. This total includes 14 newbuild floaters contracted with Petrobras that have uncertain futures
regarding whether they will get completed and delivered. Due to this uncertainty, we still do not
forecast any of these rigs getting delivered in our supply forecasts. Excluding these 14 Brazilian
newbuilds, only three out of the 34 newbuild floaters (9%) have contracts in place; 24 of these rigs are
scheduled to be delivered in 2017. Our supply forecast assumes each of the 31 uncontracted newbuilds
are delayed by one year. See Exhibits 51-52.
260 30%
Floater Rig Count
Current
100
Current
Apr-08
Oct-10
Apr-13
Oct-15
May-15
May-10
Jul-14
Feb-09
Jul-09
Mar-11
Feb-14
Mar-16
Nov-07
Sep-08
Dec-09
Aug-11
Nov-12
Sep-13
Dec-14
Aug-16
Jan-07
Jun-07
Jan-12
Jun-12
Mar-14
Mar-15
May-14
Jul-14
May-15
Jul-15
Mar-16
May-16
Jul-16
Nov-14
Nov-15
Nov-16
Jan-14
Sep-14
Jan-15
Sep-15
Jan-16
Sep-16
% Not Working / Total Contracted 10 Year Avg.
Working Currently Contracted Total Contracted
Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 45: There Are 34 Floater Rollovers Over the Next Two Exhibit 46: And We Assume Minimal (15%) Contract Renewals
Quarters. in That Period; Renewals Increase Dramatically in 2H17 2018
30 50 250%
45 44
192%
Flaoter Contract Rollovers
25 40 200%
34
35 152%
20 29
17 17 30 150%
Floaters
25
15 25
9 8
20 100%
10 8 13
15
2 5
5 7 5 10 50%
3 5 15%
6 1 5
0 2 2 2
- 0%
1Q17 2Q17 3Q17 4Q17 1H17 2H17 2018
Midwater Deepwater Ultra-deepwater Recontraced Rollovers % Recontracted (rhs)
Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 47: Floater Demand Has Fallen 46%; We Forecast a Exhibit 48: Total Floater Utilization to Fall Below 50% in 1H17;
Further 16% Decline Implying a 55% Peak-to-Trough Decline Cold Stacking Will Keep Marketed Utilization Near 70% in 2017
310 100%
282 Forecast 90%
290 We forecast another 360
Floater Supply and Demand
Feb-15
Current
Mar-15
Mar-16
Low (Est.)
Apr-15
May-15
Apr-16
May-16
Jun-16
Jul-16
Oct-14
Jan-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Oct-15
Jan-16
Feb-16
Oct-16
Aug-14
Sep-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
Aug-15
Sep-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
Aug-16
Sep-16
Nov-16
Dec-16
110 0%
1Q10A
3Q10A
1Q11A
3Q11A
1Q12A
3Q12A
1Q13A
3Q13A
1Q14A
3Q14A
1Q15A
3Q15A
1Q16A
3Q16A
1Q17E
3Q17E
1Q18E
3Q18E
Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets
Retired Floaters
100
Idle 80
Retired 70 Idle
68
68 60 52
Cold Stacked
Retired 40
20
0
Cold Retirements Through Forecast Additional Forecast Total
Stacked 2016 Retirements Through Retirements Through
67 2018 2018
Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 51: There Are 34 Floaters Under Construction (ex-Brazil Exhibit 52: 24 Newbuild Floaters Are Scheduled For Delivery in
Newbuilds) and Only 3 Are Contracted 2017; We See Continued Delays for Uncontracted Rigs
Contracted
25 24
3
Undelivered Newbuild Floaters
9% 3
20
(ex Sete Brazil)
15
10 21
5 4
3 - 3
- -
3 4 3
-
2017 2018 2019 2020
Uncontracted
31 Uncontracted Contracted
91%
Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets Source: IHS Petrodata, BMO Capital Markets
Total Supply 306 324 313 307 299 295 289 297 279 269 261 256 266 255 256 257 259 257 288
Utilization 90% 86% 77% 65% 61% 57% 54% 59% 51% 47% 48% 52% 50% 54% 57% 59% 59% 57% 52%
Marketed Supply 286 298 285 264 245 231 221 240 203 184 176 171 184 170 171 172 174 172 221
Utilization 96% 94% 85% 76% 74% 73% 70% 73% 69% 69% 72% 78% 72% 81% 85% 88% 88% 86% 68%
Demand Breakdown
US GOM 41 48 47 42 36 32 30 35 29 26 26 29 27 30 31 31 30 30 30
West Africa 37 43 34 28 22 21 18 22 17 15 15 15 15 14 14 15 17 15 18
Norway 28 26 22 21 19 17 15 18 15 13 12 13 13 13 14 15 16 14 15
North Sea (ex Norway) 18 19 18 14 14 14 12 13 11 8 7 7 8 7 8 9 10 8 12
SE Asia 14 16 12 12 9 12 8 10 7 6 6 7 6 10 13 15 16 14 7
ROW 61 61 55 39 41 40 41 40 36 34 35 37 35 39 39 40 38 39 38
Subtotal 198 213 188 156 141 135 124 139 113 101 100 107 105 111 117 124 126 119 120
YoY Change 8% 8% -12% -25% -27% -25% -28% -26% -27% -29% -26% -13% -24% -2% 16% 24% 17% 13% -31%
Seq change -10% -9% -4% -9% -9% -11% -1% 8% 4% 5% 6% 2% -11%
Brazil 76 66 53 44 40 34 32 37 28 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 31
YoY Change -5% -14% -20% -25% -27% -33% -34% -29% -36% -34% -19% -15% -27% -2% 6% 4% 4% 3% -35%
Seq change 0 0 0% -8% -9% -16% -6% 0% -11% -5% 2% 0% 0% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% -8%
Seq Change
US GOM -10% -13% -11% -7% -3% -12% 0% 14% 2% 3% 0% -3% 0%
West Africa -10% -22% -4% -11% -10% -12% 0% 0% -7% 0% 11% 13% -2%
Norway 2% -10% -13% -10% -4% -10% -8% 4% 4% 4% 7% 7% -1%
North Sea (ex Norway) -15% -5% 1% -15% -11% -24% -13% 0% -7% 15% 20% 6% 2%
SE Asia 17% -18% 23% -33% -16% -8% 0% 17% 43% 30% 15% 7% -9%
ROW -18% 5% -2% 2% -11% -6% 1% 7% 4% 1% 1% -4% -7%
YoY Change
US GOM 15% 19% -2% -16% -22% -31% -36% -26% -31% -30% -21% -3% -22% 2% 20% 20% 2% 10% -28%
West Africa 15% 17% -21% -26% -37% -38% -40% -35% -40% -33% -30% -21% -32% -18% -7% 3% 17% -2% -35%
Norway 13% -7% -14% -11% -17% -15% -28% -17% -32% -33% -29% -17% -28% -10% 4% 21% 24% 9% -30%
North Sea (ex Norway) -5% 6% -5% -24% -26% -26% -31% -26% -27% -42% -49% -41% -39% -38% -6% 29% 36% 0% -17%
SE Asia -15% 17% -27% -34% -14% 37% -22% -14% -44% -36% -48% -9% -37% 54% 117% 150% 129% 112% -39%
ROW 8% 0% -10% -35% -31% -23% -14% -27% -8% -17% -14% -9% -12% 7% 15% 14% 3% 10% -2%
Re-Contracting Summary
Contracts Expiring 80 33 14 19 23 89 17 17 5 8 47 9 6 7 7 29
Renewals 10 9 -5 7 9 20 0 5 13 12 30 12 15 9 8 44
% Recontracted 13% 27% -36% 37% 39% 22% 0% 29% 260% 150% 64% 133% 250% 129% 114% 152%
Source: BMO Capital Markets
Demand declines continue to slow in the jackup market, and we see the market bottoming in the next
2-4 months. This is consistent with the historical relationship between jackup demand and oil prices.
Jackup markets traditionally recover 6-9 months following the trough in oil. The slowdown in the
sequential declines in the market reflects this, which is in contrast to the increasing pace of declines in
the floater market, which typically lags oil prices by 12 months.
Our jackup demand forecast is unchanged, and we continue to forecast a quarterly trough of 304
contracted jackups in 1Q17, down 7 rigs from the current 311. Our 2017 average forecast demand is
315, or -5% YoY. The current contracted jackup count of 311 is down 32% from a peak of 458 rigs in
April 2014. We expect a sequential decline of 3% in 1Q17 before starting to slowly grow off the bottom
in 2Q17. Our current trough forecast of 304 implies an estimated peak-to-trough decline of 34%. Our
2018 forecast of 349 contracted jackups implies an 11% increase from the 2017 average. See Exhibit 54.
We continue to project a less dramatic YoY decline in 2017 demand for the global jackup market (down
5%) compared to floaters (down 25%), due to the shorter-cycle nature of shallow water projects and
the larger NOC presence (particularly in the Middle East) in the jackup market. Our utilization estimate
troughs at 56% in 1H17, and does not assume any uncontracted newbuilds coming into the market or
any rig retirements.
Total Supply 495 524 539 539 537 537 540 538 544 546 546 546 545 546 546 546 546 546
Utilization 87% 86% 74% 65% 62% 60% 58% 61% 56% 56% 58% 60% 58% 62% 64% 65% 65% 64%
Marketed Supply 452 487 485 470 462 455 456 461 460 462 462 462 462 462 462 462 464 462
Utilization 95% 92% 82% 74% 73% 71% 68% 72% 66% 66% 69% 71% 68% 73% 75% 76% 77% 75%
Total Stacked 66 74 140 189 202 215 228 208 240 239 227 216 230 207 199 193 189 197
Warm Stacked / Idle 23 37 85 120 127 133 144 131 156 155 144 132 147 124 116 110 107 114
% of Supply 5% 7% 16% 22% 24% 25% 27% 24% 29% 28% 26% 24% 27% 23% 21% 20% 20% 21%
Cold Stacked 43 37 54 68 75 82 84 77 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 82 83
% of Supply 9% 7% 10% 13% 14% 15% 15% 14% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Retirements 8 4 10 9 6 1 2 18 - - - - - - - - - -
Newbuilds 38 30 17 7 4 1 5 18 4 2 - - 6 - - - - -
Our dayrate estimates for floaters and jackups are unchanged, and remain at approximately cash
breakeven levels through 2017. Dayrates for floaters have fallen to around cash-flow breakeven levels,
though recent fixtures with disclosed rates have been few are far between. Channel checks from service
providers suggest that some of these undisclosed rates have been due to multi-party negotiations
between rig contractors, service providers and operators that allow for lower rates as operating costs go
lower. We expect the current dayrate environment to persist throughout 2017 and expect few long-term
contracts. Many deals that do move forward will likely continue to be inked at undisclosed rates given
the highly competitive state of the market.
Our trough dayrate forecast for 7th generation UDW rigs remains $160k/day, and we continue to
forecast trough rates until 1Q18. Our normalized 7th generation UDW dayrate forecast of $325k/day is
unchanged, and we do not expect rates to reach normalized until 4Q19. Our jackup dayrate forecast is
also unchanged with a trough rate of $50k-110k/day (based on class) in place until 1Q18 (in line with
floaters), and a return to normalized jackup dayrates ($150k/day for top tier N-Class rigs) in 4Q19. See
Exhibit 55.
We are raising our offshore driller NAVs by 8-33%, or 20% on average. The changes are due to pro
forma balance sheet estimates due to recent capital market activity by ATW, ESV, NE, and RDC; lower
normalized operating expenses for premium and high-spec jackups; and changes to assumptions for the
option value related to cold stacked rigs for ATW and RIG to 75% from 50%, which is in line with the
rest of our coverage.
We maintain our cautious view of the offshore drilling sub-sector, and our Underperform ratings on ATW,
DO, NE, and RIG. Our NAVs drive our price targets, and now imply 32% downside on average. Our
Underperform-rated offshore drillers have 28-40% downside, or 35% on average. See Exhibit 56.
We are increasing our price targets for our non-offshore driller coverage group by 0-25%, or 12% on
average. We see 16% average upside to our new Large Cap Service price targets. We are raising our
offshore driller targets, which are based on our NAVs, by 8-33% or 20% on average (as highlighted in
prior section).
Our FY2018E EBITDA estimate for Atwood Oceanics (Underperform) is down 75% this is primarily due
to the loss of high-margin backlog on the Atwood Achiever after a blend-and-extend agreement with
Kosmos Energy (KOS, $7.06, Outperform rated by Brendan Warn1) was cancelled, pulling ~$45-50 million
in operating cash flow out of FY2018E.
OFFSHORE DRILLERS
Atwood Oceanics Und $13.97 $9 -36% 12.5x 32.1x $7 29% $6 -57% $10 -28% $14 0%
Diamond Offshore Und $19.47 $14 -28% 6.3x 7.1x $13 8% $14 -28% $17 -13% $20 3%
Ensco Mkt $11.79 $9 -24% 7.8x 9.8x $8 13% $7 -41% $9.50 -19% $12 2%
Noble Corp Und $7.56 $4.50 -40% 11.6x 11.4x $4 13% $4 -47% $5.75 -24% $7.50 -1%
Rowan Mkt $20.08 $15 -25% 8.6x 9.5x $12 25% $13 -35% $17 -15% $21 5%
Transocean Und $15.75 $10 -37% 8.3x 10.9x $7.50 33% $8 -49% $12 -24% $16 2%
Average -32% 9.2x 13.5x 20% -43% -21% 2%
Near-term market volatility may cause the Expected Total Return to become temporarily misaligned relative to the hurdle for these stocks' ratings, as defined
under our current system.
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
1
Brendan Warn is employed by BMO Capital Markets Limited, authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct
Authority in the UK. The analyst is not registered as a research analyst under FINRA rules.
LAND DRILLERS
Helmerich & Payne (1) HP Und ($0.38) ($0.39) NA ($0.37) NA ($1.06) ($1.26) NA ($1.03) NA $0.02 ($0.20) NA $0.19 -89%
Nabors Industries NBR Mkt ($0.39) ($0.38) NA ($0.34) NA ($1.24) ($1.17) NA ($0.98) NA ($0.58) ($0.40) NA $0.01 NA
Patterson-UTI Energy PTEN Mkt ($0.54) ($0.54) NA ($0.55) NA ($1.44) ($1.57) NA ($1.61) NA ($0.57) ($0.62) NA ($0.59) NA
Average NA NA NA NA NA -89%
Coverage Average (ex Offshore Drillers) 59% 15% 20% 12% 1% 1%
OFFSHORE DRILLERS
Atwood Oceanics (1) ATW Und $0.20 $0.20 0% $0.17 18% ($0.31) ($0.66) NA ($0.72) NA ($2.27) ($1.79) NA ($2.09) NA
Diamond Offshore DO Und $0.14 $0.16 -8% $0.11 25% $0.77 $1.04 -26% $0.81 -4% $0.12 $0.25 -54% ($0.01) NA
Ensco ESV Mkt $0.05 $0.05 -5% $0.05 -11% ($0.04) ($0.03) NA $0.14 NA ($0.51) ($0.41) NA ($0.44) NA
Noble Corp NE Und ($0.19) ($0.10) NA ($0.21) NA ($1.37) ($1.15) NA ($1.37) NA ($1.37) ($1.05) NA ($1.47) NA
Rowan RDC Mkt ($0.09) ($0.08) NA ($0.08) NA ($1.08) ($1.11) NA ($0.67) NA ($1.54) ($1.38) NA ($1.75) NA
Transocean RIG Und $0.03 $0.04 -32% $0.06 -55% ($0.50) ($0.42) NA ($0.42) NA ($0.98) ($0.88) NA ($0.93) NA
Average -11% -6% -26% -4% -54% NA
Oil Service / Drilling Coverage Average 19% 3% 11% 9% -6% 1%
(1) 2017 and 2018 compare fiscal year end estimates
27 x 20%
1 year forward EV-EBITDA multiple
CROCI
17 x
10%
Avg. 2018 price target
12 x multiple
5%
7x
Includes - BHI, HAL, SLB, FTI, WFT, NOV, CAM, Excludes CAM post deal
2x 0%
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016E
2017E
2018E
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 61: Forward Valuations for Large Cap Are High... Exhibit 62: ... But Not Relative to Capital Equipment
Historical EV/EBITDA BHI/HAL/SLB Historical EV/EBITDA Capital Equipment(FTI, NOV, FET)
60x
22x
20x
50x
18x
EV-to-Forwad 4Q EBITDA
EV-to-Forwad 4Q EBITDA
16x 40x
14x
10x
+1 Std. 20x
8x
+1 Std.
6x
10x
4x -1 Std. Deviation
-1 Std. Deviation
2x 0x
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
18x 14x
EV-to-Forwad 4Q EBITDA
16x
EV-to-Forwad 4Q EBITDA
12x 10x
10x
8x +1 Std. Deviation
8x +1 Std. Deviation
6x Average (5yr)
6x
-1 Std. Deviation
4x
4x
-1 Std. Deviation
2x
Jan-97
Jan-10
Jan-12
Jan-96
Jan-98
Jan-99
Jan-00
Jan-01
Jan-02
Jan-03
Jan-04
Jan-05
Jan-06
Jan-07
Jan-08
Jan-09
Jan-11
Jan-13
Jan-14
Jan-15
Jan-16
2x
Jan-98
Jan-96
Jan-97
Jan-99
Jan-00
Jan-01
Jan-02
Jan-03
Jan-04
Jan-05
Jan-06
Jan-07
Jan-08
Jan-09
Jan-10
Jan-11
Jan-12
Jan-13
Jan-14
Jan-15
Jan-16
Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets Source: Bloomberg, BMO Capital Markets
Exhibit 65: Subsectors Trade Together When Comparing Book Multiples to Returns
2018E CROCI vs Current EV/GIC
2.0x
Large Cap Service/Captial Equipment FTI
1.8x
Offshore Drillers
1.6x Land Drillers/SMID Service
HAL
SLB
1.4x
Current EV/GIC
1.2x
BHI
1.0x OIS
HP
0.8x NOV
WFT
0.6x NBR PTEN
ESV DO
0.4x ATW NE
RDC RIG
0.2x
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0%
2018 CROCI
2.5x 2.2x
2.0x FTI
2.0x FTI 1.8x HAL
HAL
Current EV/GIC
1.6x
Current EV/GIC
1.4x 3.0x
BHI SLB EV / GIC 15%
CROCI
1.2x 2.5x
1.0x 2.0x
10%
0.8x NOV 1.5x
WFT 1.0x 5%
0.6x
0.5x
0.4x
0.0x 0%
0.2x
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%
2018 CROCI
1.1x 1.2x
1.0x OIS
1.0x
0.9x HP OIS
HP
Current EV/GIC
0.8x
Current EV/GIC
0.8x
0.7x
PTEN
0.6x 0.6x
PTEN
0.5x NBR NBR
0.4x
0.4x
0.3x
0.2x
0.2x
0.1x 0.0x
2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0%
2016 CROCI 2017 CROCI
1.0x
4.0x SMID / Land - EV/GIC (lhs) 23%
0.9x OIS SMID / Land - CROCI (rhs)
HP 3.5x 21%
0.8x 19%
3.0x
0.7x
Current EV/GIC
17%
0.6x 2.5x 15%
EV / GIC
CROCI
NBR
0.5x PTEN 2.0x 13%
0.4x 1.5x 11%
9%
0.3x 1.0x
7%
0.2x 0.5x 5%
0.1x
0.0x 3%
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
0.0x
5.0% 5.5% 6.0% 6.5% 7.0%
2018 CROCI
0.6x 0.5x
ESV
DO
0.5x DO ESV 0.5x
NE
Current EV/GIC
Current EV/GIC
0.5x 0.4x
RDC RIG
NE
RIG RDC ATW
0.4x ATW 0.4x
0.4x 0.3x
0.3x 0.3x
5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0%
2016 CROCI 2017 CROCI
0.5x
ESV 3.5x Offshore - EV/GIC (lhs) Offshore - CROCI (rhs) 25%
0.5x 3.0x
DO 20%
NE
Current EV/GIC
0.4x 2.5x
RDC RIG 15%
EV / GIC
CROCI
ATW 2.0x
0.4x
1.5x 10%
0.3x
1.0x
5%
0.3x 0.5x
0.2x 0.0x 0%
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0%
2018 CROCI
0.0x
0.5x
1.0x
1.5x
2.5x
3.0x
3.5x
4.0x
4.5x
5.0x
2.0x
0.0x
1.0x
3.0x
4.0x
5.0x
6.0x
7.0x
2.0x
12/31/99
12/31/99
12/31/00
12/31/00
12/31/01
12/31/01
12/31/06
12/31/06
Large Cap
Offshore Drillers
12/31/07
12/31/08
12/31/08
1.6x
12/31/09
12/31/09
12/31/10
12/31/10
12/31/11
12/31/11
12/31/12
1.6x
12/31/12
12/31/13
12/31/13
12/31/14
12/31/14
12/31/15
1.6x
12/31/15
Exhibit 69: Large Cap Typically Supported by Book Value at Trough
Price-to-Book
Price-to-Book
0.0x
0.5x
1.0x
1.5x
2.0x
2.5x
3.0x
3.5x
4.0x
4.5x
0.0x
1.0x
2.0x
4.0x
5.0x
7.0x
3.0x
6.0x
12/31/99
12/31/99
12/31/00
12/31/00
12/31/01
12/31/01
12/31/02
12/31/02
12/31/03
12/31/03
12/31/04
12/31/04
12/31/05
12/31/05
12/31/06
12/31/06
Land Drillers
12/31/07
12/31/07
Capital Equipment
12/31/08
12/31/08
12/31/09
12/31/09
12/31/10
12/31/10
12/31/11
12/31/11
12/31/12
12/31/12
12/31/13
12/31/13
12/31/14
12/31/14
12/31/15
12/31/15
EBITDA 13,517 9,642 1,677 1,619 1,546 1,593 6,435 1,590 1,829 2,120 2,476 8,014 12,216
% of Revenues 28% 27% 26% 23% 22% 23% 23% 22% 24% 26% 28% 26% 31%
Operating income 9,492 5,564 710 506 548 589 2,353 575 803 1,081 1,426 3,884 7,879
% of Revenues 20% 16% 11% 7% 8% 8% 8% 8% 11% 13% 16% 12% 20%
Incremental Margin (Annually) 29% 30% 28% 52% 50% 68% 42% -25% 86% 53% 52% 44% 48%
Incremental Margin (Sequentially) 27% -29% 74% 302% 52% 55% 52%
Cameron 243 215 180 638 167 178 202 220 766 1,130
Reservoir Characterization 3,607 2,423 331 266 322 325 1,244 267 302 339 416 1,325 1,825
Production 3,227 1,576 208 90 98 131 527 192 311 451 608 1,563 3,818
Drilling 3,873 2,573 371 171 218 237 997 230 295 374 469 1,367 2,431
Eliminations / Other (1,213) (1,008) (200) (264) (305) (284) (1,053) (281) (283) (285) (288) (1,137) (1,324)
Net Interest Income (Expense) (319) (293) (113) (112) (111) (116) (452) (116) (116) (116) (116) (465) (432)
Minority Interest (Expense) (67) (64) (22) (14) (14) (14) (64) (14) (14) (14) (14) (56) (60)
Net Income 7,282 4,290 501 316 353 383 1,553 353 535 758 1,033 2,679 5,898
Weighted Average Shares 1,308 1,275 1,259 1,389 1,401 1,399 1,362 1,396 1,392 1,389 1,385 1,390 1,375
Adjusted EPS (Diluted) $ 5.57 $ 3.36 $ 0.40 $ 0.23 $ 0.25 $ 0.27 $ 1.14 $ 0.25 $ 0.38 $ 0.55 $ 0.75 $ 1.93 $ 4.29
yoy growth (%) 16% -40% -62% -74% -68% -58% -66% -37% 69% 117% 172% 69% 123%
Adjustments $ (1.25) $ (1.74) $ - $ (1.78) $ (0.13)
GAAP EPS $ 4.31 $ 1.63 $ 0.40 $ (1.56) $ 0.13
Dividend per Share $ 1.60 $ 2.00 $ 0.50 $ 0.50 $ 0.50 $ 0.50 $ 2.00 $ 0.53 $ 0.53 $ 0.53 $ 0.53 $ 2.10 $ 2.31
Other Details
Tax Rate 22% 20% 16% 16% 16% 16% 16% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
ROE - Recurring (Adjusted for cash tax) 18% 10% 4% 2% 4% 4% 4% 3% 5% 8% 10% 7% 15%
CROCI 15% 10% NA NA NA NA 7% NA NA NA NA 8% 11%
Revenue Change - Period over Period
Total Revenue 7% -27% -16% 10% -2% 1% -22% 0% 6% 7% 8% 13% 27%
Cameron -13% -9% -5% 0% 3% 6% 18%
Reservoir Characterization -1% -23% -19% -9% 6% 1% -29% -8% 4% 4% 9% 0% 12%
Production 9% -31% -12% -11% -1% 5% -30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 28% 42%
Drilling 11% -26% -16% -18% -1% 2% -37% -1% 7% 7% 7% 5% 23%
EBIT Margins
Cameron 16% 16% 15% 16% 14% 15% 17% 17% 16% 20%
Reservoir Characterization 30% 26% 19% 17% 19% 19% 18% 17% 19% 20% 23% 20% 24%
Production 18% 13% 9% 4% 5% 6% 6% 8% 12% 16% 19% 14% 24%
Drilling 21% 19% 15% 8% 11% 12% 12% 11% 14% 16% 19% 15% 22%
Schlumberger - Balance Sheet
Selected Balance Sheet Data:
Cash 7,501 13,034 14,432 11,192 10,756 9,741 9,741 9,500 8,565 8,060 7,549 7,549 6,393
Working Capital (5,782) (4,314) (4,642) (4,765) (4,436) (4,829) (4,829) (4,245) (4,526) (4,638) (5,046) (5,046) (6,419)
Net PP&E 15,396 13,415 13,259 13,226 13,004 12,910 12,910 12,855 12,813 12,735 12,644 12,644 12,648
Total Assets 66,904 68,005 69,141 81,171 80,594 79,953 79,953 79,066 78,963 79,179 79,883 79,883 81,627
Gross Debt 13,330 18,999 21,487 21,623 21,277 21,277 21,277 21,277 21,277 21,277 21,277 21,277 21,277
Net Debt 5,829 5,965 7,055 10,431 10,521 11,536 11,536 11,777 12,712 13,217 13,728 13,728 14,884
Minority Interest 199 272 303 369 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340
Total Shareowners' Investment 37,850 35,633 35,359 42,610 42,234 41,518 41,518 40,638 39,942 39,471 39,277 39,277 39,498
Book Value Per Share $ 28.94 $ 27.95 $ 28.08 $ 30.68 $ 30.15 $ 29.68 $ 30.48 $ 29.12 $ 28.69 $ 28.42 $ 28.35 $ 28.25 $ 28.72
Net Debt-to-Capital Ratio 13.3% 14.2% 16.5% 19.5% 19.8% 21.6% 21.6% 22.3% 24.0% 24.9% 25.7% 25.7% 27.2%
Net Debt/NTM EBITDA 0.6 x 0.9 x 1.1 x 1.6 x 1.5 x 1.4 x 1.4 x NA NA NA NA 1.1 x NA
* Reflects rating distribution of all companies covered by BMO Capital Markets Corp. equity research analysts.
** Reflects rating distribution of all companies from which BMO Capital Markets Corp. has received compensation for Investment Banking services
as percentage within ratings category.
*** Reflects rating distribution of all companies from which BMO Capital Markets Corp. has received compensation for Investment Banking
services as percentage of Investment Banking clients.
**** Reflects rating distribution of all companies covered by BMO Capital Markets equity research analysts.
***** Reflects rating distribution of all companies from which BMO Capital Markets has received compensation for Investment Banking services
as percentage of Investment Banking clients.
Ratings Key (as of October 2016)
We use the following ratings system definitions:
OP = Outperform - Forecast to outperform the analysts coverage universe on a total return basis;
Mkt = Market Perform - Forecast to perform roughly in line with the analysts coverage universe on a total return basis;
Und = Underperform - Forecast to underperform the analysts coverage universe on a total return basis;
(S) = Speculative investment;
Spd = Suspended - Coverage and rating suspended until coverage is reinstated;
NR = No Rated - No rating at this time; and
R = Restricted - Dissemination of research is currently restricted.
BMO Capital Markets' seven Top 15 lists guide investors to our best ideas according to different objectives (CDN Large Cap, CDN Small Cap, US
Large Cap, US Small Cap, Income, CDN Quant, and US Quant have replaced the Top Pick rating).
Prior BMO Capital Markets Rating System
(April 2013 October 2016)
http://researchglobal.bmocapitalmarkets.com/documents/2013/rating_key_2013_to_2016.pdf
(January 2010 April 2013)
http://researchglobal.bmocapitalmarkets.com/documents/2013/prior_rating_system.pdf
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Oil Services | Page 59 January 12, 2017