Perfiles Arancelarios 2017 OMC

WORLD
TARIFF
PROFILES
2017
Applied MFN tariffs
0<2 2<4 4<6 6<8 8<10 10<15 15<20 20<

About this
publication
World Tariff Profiles is a
co-publication of the WTO,
ITC and UNCTAD on market
access for goods. This
annual publication provides
comprehensive information
on the tariffs and non-tariff
measures imposed by over
170 countries and customs
territories. Non-WTO members
are included if data on the tariffs
they applied in 2016 or 2015
are available in the databases
of the WTO, ITC or UNCTAD.
For more information

The statistical tables included in
this report can be downloaded
from the WTO web site at
www.wto.org/statistics
The map on the cover represents the latest available average MFN tariffs applied by countries/customs territories. These tariffs (in %) are grouped
into eight categories. Data are sourced from this publication (covering 2016 and 2015) and from previous publications if more recent data are not available.
The boundaries shown on the map do not imply any judgment, official endorsement or acceptance by the WTO as to the legal status or frontier of any territory.
Contents
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
General note and abbreviations 2
Introduction3
I. Summary tariff tables 4

Description of column headings 6
Technical notes 7
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
All products 8
TARIFF PROFILES
Agricultural products 14
Non-agricultural products 20
II. Country/territory tariff profiles 26

Index of tariff profiles 28
Technical notes 30
Country/territory tariff profiles 35
III NON-TARIFF MEASURES

III. Non-tariff measures 186
1. Non-tariff measures introduction 188
2. Statistics on some selected non-tariff measures 190
2.1. Anti-dumping 190
2.2. Countervailing duties 200
2.3. Safeguards 208
IV SPECIAL TOPIC
IV. Special topic: Export diversification 214
I. Introduction 216
II. Product diversification globally and by country 216
III. Other diversification indicators 225
IV. Conclusions 231
V. Annexes 236
A. Data sources 238
V ANNEXES
B. Frequently asked questions 243
Acknowledgements246
WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

1
World Tariff Profiles 2017 www.wto.org/statistics
General note and abbreviations
Abbreviations
The statistics related to applied tariffs • While binding commitments cover
AVG Average and imports are calculated using all agricultural products, in principle,
data which are based on the HS this is not always the case for
AG Agricultural products nomenclature adopted by the country non-agricultural goods. There are a
AVE Ad valorem equivalent for the reference year. For statistics number of WTO members where the
on bound tariffs, the calculations are binding coverage for non-agricultural
HS Harmonized System based on the approved schedule of products is less – and sometimes
(nomenclature) concessions of the WTO member. In much less – than 100 per cent. Also,
previous issues of World Tariff Profiles, a number of developed countries have
Max Maximum duty
each schedule is based on the HS not yet fully bound all the tariff lines
MFN Most favoured nation version which the member used when in their schedules. Any comparison
it acceded to the WTO. Starting with of bound and applied tariff indicators
NAV Non-ad valorem duty
the 2010 issue of this publication, is only valid in cases of full binding
Non-AG Non agricultural products bound tariff statistics are based on coverage.
the approved schedule of concessions
SSG Special safeguards • For most WTO members, except
for each member in the most recent
the most recently acceded ones,
TL Tariff line HS version. This might have some
all commitments dating back
implications on the historical series of
UV Unit value to the Uruguay Round have by
various bound tariff indicators affected
now been implemented. In cases
by the use of a different nomenclature.
where commitments are not yet
While the member’s commitments
Notations have not changed as a result of
fully implemented, one may see
MFN applied averages or maxima
the transposition, some aggregate
– Not applicable exceeding the corresponding bound
statistics might have been affected as a
duty indicators.
consequence of the change to another
0 = 0 (not rounded)
HS version. • Last but not least, the calculation
0.0 >0 and <0.05 of AVEs may affect the comparison
The classification of products into
between bound and applied duties
100 =100 (not rounded) agricultural and non-agricultural is based
when the changes in nomenclature
on Annex 1 of the WTO Agreement
100.0 >99.95 and <100 have resulted in the use of different
on Agriculture which lists all products
unit values. In other cases, bound
Blank Bound or applied duties covered in the Agreement. The Annex
duties have been expressed in a way
and/or imports are not enumerates HS codes that are subject to
that is not directly comparable with
available at all for a the agriculture negotiations in the WTO
the currently used applied duties. In a
given country or territory. and are considered agricultural products.
number of cases, the estimated MFN
HS codes which are not in Annex 1 are
Italics Maxima, based on AVE applied AVEs were adjusted when the
subject to the non-agricultural market
estimates are printed in corresponding bound tariff lines were
access negotiations and are considered
italics; this also applies defined in ad valorem terms. In these
non-agricultural products.
in cases when the cases, the corresponding bound
ad valorem is part of In the comparison of bound and applied ad valorem duty was used as ceiling
a compound or mixed duties within countries and across for the AVE estimate.
duty as ceiling or floor. countries, the following caveats need to
be taken into account besides that of the
US$ United States dollar effects of different HS versions used and
nomenclature breakdowns. These are:
(1) binding coverage; (2) tariff bindings
not fully implemented; and (3) AVEs.
Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

2
www.wto.org/statistics World Tariff Profiles 2017
Introduction
WTO
The World Tariff Profiles is a joint The summary tariff tables in the first
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is publication of the WTO, ITC and part are designed to allow cross-country
the only global international organization UNCTAD devoted to market access comparison as well as comparison of
dealing with the rules of trade between for goods. This statistical yearbook the levels of bound and applied duties.
nations. At its heart are the WTO
contains a comprehensive compilation Apart from the standard indicators like
agreements, negotiated and signed by
the bulk of the world’s trading nations and
of the main tariff parameters for each tariff averages, maxima, percentage
ratified in their parliaments. The goal is of the 164 WTO members plus other of duty-free tariff lines, peaks and
to help producers of goods and services, countries and customs territories non-ad valorem duties, it also contains
exporters, and importers conduct their where data is available. Each tariff indicators of tariff dispersion such as
business. The WTO’s main function is profile presents information on tariffs the number of distinct duties and the
to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, imposed by each economy on its coefficient of variation. The calculation
predictably and freely as possible. It does imports complemented with an analysis of these indicators is based, where
this by administering trade agreements,
of the market access conditions it applicable, on a pre-aggregation
acting as a forum for trade negotiations,
settling trade disputes, reviewing national
faces in its major export markets. to HS six-digit subheadings, which
trade policies, assisting developing leads to a standardization across
Statistics for all countries and territories
countries in trade policy issues through countries and thus makes the
are given in standardized tables which
technical assistance and training comparisons more compatible.
programmes and cooperating with other
allow easy comparisons between
international organizations. countries/territories, between sectors
The tariff profiles tables are divided
and, specifically for WTO members,
into two blocks covering (A) the
between bound and applied tariffs
ITC as well. The calculations are based
domestic market access protection and
(B) the protection faced in the major
on national tariff schedules and
The International Trade Centre (ITC) export markets. In part A, information on
imports in conformity with a standard
is the joint agency of the World Trade bound and applied duties is shown by
Organization and the United Nations. ITC Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature
duty ranges and by sectors. Information
enables small business export success version. To the extent possible, ad
for agricultural and non-agricultural
in developing countries by providing, with valorem equivalents (AVEs) of non-
duties is shown separately. In addition,
partners, sustainable and inclusive trade ad valorem tariffs are estimated and
development solutions to the private
there are indicators on the occurrence
are included in the estimation of tariff
sector, trade support institutions and of special safeguards and on tariff
indicators. Nonetheless, certain caveats
policymakers. ITC’s strategic objectives quotas. In part B, the trade diversification
apply in the interpretation of these
are to strengthen the international and market access conditions in
indicators and the reader is advised
competitiveness of enterprises, to develop the five major export markets are
the capacity of trade service providers to read the methodological notes
depicted, broken down into agricultural
to support businesses, and to support that precede the statistical tables.
and non-agricultural products.
policymakers in integrating the business
The publication is presented in five main
sector into the global economy.
parts. The first part shows summary The third part contains the summary
tariff statistics for all countries and tables on anti-dumping actions,
UNCTAD territories for all products, as well as a countervailing duties and safeguard
breakdown into agricultural and non- measures. The new special topic
Established in 1964, the United Nations agricultural products. The second part presented on the fourth part is entitled
Conference on Trade and Development
shows for each of these countries “Export diversification”.
(UNCTAD) promotes the development-
friendly integration of developing countries and territories one full page with
into the world economy. UNCTAD has disaggregation by sectors and duty
progressively evolved into an authoritative ranges. It also contains a section on
knowledge-based institution whose the market access conditions faced in
work aims to help shape current policy their respective major export markets.
debates and thinking on development, A new third part has been added to
with a particular focus on ensuring that this edition to cover information on
domestic policies and international action
non-tariff measures which are of
are mutually supportive in bringing about
sustainable development. increasing importance in international
trade. The fourth part contains the
special topic which presents a new
subject in each edition. The annexes
are in part five and include the data
sources and the compilation of
“Frequently Asked Questions”.

3
I. S
ummary tariff tables
4
Description of column headings 6
Technical notes 7
Tables:
All products 8
Agricultural products 14
Non-agricultural products 20
5
Description of column headings
Column headings Description or method of calculation
Year of MFN
Calendar year or start of fiscal year
applied tariff
Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing at least
one bound tariff line. Full binding coverage is indicated
Binding coverage by 100 without further decimals. If some tariff lines
are unbound but the result still rounds to 100 this is
reflected by maintaining one decimal, i.e. 100.0.
Simple average of the ad valorem or AVE

Simple average
HS six-digit duty averages.
Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings in the total

Duty-free number of subheadings in the product group. Partially duty-
free subheadings are taken into account on a pro rata basis.
Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to non-

Non-ad valorem ad valorem duties. When only part of the HS six-digit
duties subheading is subject to non-ad valorem duties the
percentage share of these tariff lines is used.
Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem

duties or AVEs greater than 15 per cent. When only
Duties > 15 %
part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such
duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis.
Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem

duties or AVEs greater than three times the national average.
Duties > 3 * AVG
When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered
by such duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis.
Share of HS six-digit bound subheadings not yet

Concessions not
implemented in 2016. When only part of the HS
yet implemented
six-digit subheading is covered by such duties
in 2016
the calculation is made on a pro rata basis.
Maximum duty Maximum tariff line level ad valorem duty or AVE.
Number of distinct duty rates. Non-ad valorem duties are

Number of
always treated as distinct because AVE calculations would
distinct duty
always yield distinct AVEs. For this indicator, however,
rates
duties not provided are not included in the count.
Standard deviation of tariff line duty rates divided
Coefficient
by the simple tariff line level average of all duty
of variation
rates. Includes only ad valorem duties or AVEs.
Number of
MFN applied Total number of MFN applied tariff lines
tariff lines

6
Technical notes
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Only duties and imports recorded are based on the complete standard
under HS Chapters 01-97 are taken nomenclature. All simple averages are
into account. Each applied tariff based on pre-aggregated HS six-digit
schedule is validated against the averages. Pre-aggregation means that
standard nomenclature at the HS duties at the tariff line level are first
six-digit subheading level of the HS averaged to HS six-digit subheadings.
version adopted by the country for the Subsequent calculations are based on
reference year. National tariff lines that these pre-aggregated averages.
do not follow this standard (i.e., the
To the extent possible, non-ad valorem
first six digits should be based on the
duties are converted into ad valorem
standard subheading nomenclature of
equivalents. The methodology used for
the HS version used by the country) are
the conversion is in Technical Annex B
discarded and not taken into account.
of World Tariff Profiles 2006.
On the other hand, missing subheadings
are added. Hence, all calculations

7
All products
Summary Tables
All products
Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 %
Binding
MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN
Country/Territory applied Bound Bound Bound Bound
applied applied applied applied
tariff
in % Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Afghanistan 96.6 13.6 9.1 0.8 28.9
Albania 2016 100 6.9 3.8 30.1 51.0 0 0 15.6 0
Algeria 2016 18.9 1.4 0 42.4
Angola 2016 100 59.1 11.4 0 0.1 0 0.0 99.2 26.2
Antigua and Barbuda 2016 95.7 59.6 9.9 0 10.0 0 0.1 95.7 24.5
Argentina 2016 100 31.8 13.7 0.0 5.6 0 0 97.8 36.6
Armenia 2016 100 8.5 6.2 36.4 22.3 0 9.2 0 2.4
Australia 2016 97.0 9.9 2.5 20.4 50.3 0.4 0.2 13.3 0.1
Azerbaijan 2015 9.0 3.1 1.2 0.5
Bahamas 2016 33.2 12.0 0.2 80.4
Bahrain, Kingdom of 2016 72.8 34.9 4.7 2.1 10.3 0 1.4 70.6 0.2
Bangladesh 2016 15.5 169.3 13.9 0.0 4.4 0 0.5 15.2 41.6
Barbados 97.5 78.3 0 0 97.5
Belarus 2016 7.2 15.9 9.7 4.0
Belize 2016 96.6 59.3 11.0 0 9.5 0 0.5 96.6 24.9
Benin 2016 39.6 29.4 12.2 0.7 1.5 0 0 18.4 39.0
Bhutan 2015 22.3 4.2 0 63.8
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 2016 100 40.0 11.7 0 6.9 0 0 100.0 20.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2016 6.3 31.2 3.1 2.6
Botswana 2016 94.3 18.8 7.6 14.3 61.0 0 2.8 39.4 20.8
Brazil 2016 100 31.4 13.5 1.0 5.3 0 0 96.4 36.0
Brunei Darussalam 2016 95.5 25.6 1.2 0 82.3 0.3 0.3 95.3 1.1
Burkina Faso 2016 39.6 44.1 12.2 0.7 1.5 0 0 18.5 39.0
Burundi 2016 22.9 69.0 12.8 0.8 36.9 0 1.0 19.9 41.1
Cabo Verde 2015 100.0 16.0 10.0 4.7 45.0 0 0 45.2 30.3
Cambodia 2016 100 19.5 11.2 0.8 15.7 0 0.0 45.7 10.0
Cameroon 14.4 79.9 0 0 14.4
Canada 2016 99.7 6.5 4.1 39.1 75.8 2.8 1.7 7.1 6.7
Central African Republic 2016 62.0 36.1 18.0 0 0.6 0 0.4 62.0 47.9
Chad 2016 14.6 79.9 17.9 0 0.6 0 0.6 14.6 47.0
Chile 2016 100 25.1 6.0 0.0 0.3 0 0 100.0 0
China 2016 100 10.0 9.9 6.5 7.0 0 0.3 16.3 15.5
Colombia 2016 100 42.1 6.6 2.1 50.7 0 5.4 97.9 6.6
Comoros 2015 15.3 12.3 0.1 72.9
Congo 2015 17.2 27.4 11.9 0 3.2 0 0.1 15.2 38.4
Cook Islands 2016 3.4 98.4 1.1 1.3
Costa Rica 2016 100 43.1 5.6 2.0 51.3 0 0 96.0 1.2
Côte d'Ivoire 2016 34.0 11.2 12.2 0.7 1.5 0 0 2.5 39.1
Cuba 2016 32.4 21.6 10.2 2.0 6.4 0 0 14.9 6.4
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2015 100 96.1 10.9 0 0.4 0 0 98.9 27.8
Djibouti 100 41.3 0.0 0 99.6
Dominica 2016 94.3 58.7 10.0 0 24.0 0 0 94.3 23.7
Dominican Republic 2016 100 34.0 7.3 2.4 55.3 0 0 89.4 29.1
Ecuador 2016 100 21.7 12.3 0 34.5 0 6.0 71.2 36.3
Egypt 2016 99.3 36.8 17.9 1.9 11.8 0.2 0.2 70.6 21.0
El Salvador 2015 100 36.7 6.0 2.4 50.3 0 0 97.6 2.2
Ethiopia 2015 17.4 4.5 0.1 51.9
European Union 2016 100 5.0 5.2 29.2 27.2 4.7 5.1 4.1 4.6
Fiji 2015 51.1 40.7 11.7 0 4.7 0.3 1.8 51.1 16.3
Gabon 2016 100 21.2 17.7 0 2.7 0 0 13.9 46.8
The Gambia 14.8 103.5 0 0 14.8
Georgia 2016 100 7.4 1.5 22.3 86.8 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.1
Ghana 2016 15.4 92.5 12.2 0 1.7 0 0.1 15.4 39.0
Grenada 2016 100 56.6 11.0 0.2 5.1 0 0.2 99.8 26.5
Guatemala 2015 100 41.3 5.6 2.0 51.3 0 0 94.0 0.6
Guinea 39.2 20.8 0.7 0 18.2

8
All products
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Summary Tables
All products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2016 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
4.7 0.1 70 59 102 Afghanistan
0 10.1 0 20 15 9 7 98 130 9,413 Albania
0 30 4 54 15,945 Algeria
0 7.4 0 80 50 6 6 8 126 5,961 Angola
0.2 6.8 0 220 70 32 14 38 94 6,705 Antigua and Barbuda
0 0 0 35 35 17 19 23 74 10,032 Argentina
0 0.2 0 15 80 9 429 83 80 11,473 Armenia
5.8 0.1 0 55 176 74 16 111 162 6,199 Australia
0.3 230 64 92 9,957 Azerbaijan
0.1 246 19 61 6,116 Bahamas
0.3 0.2 0 200 200 4 9 40 158 7,285 Bahrain, Kingdom of
0 0 0 200 25 14 34 39 69 6,631 Bangladesh
0.4 0 247 29 29 Barbados
0.8 233 421 122 11,473 Belarus
0 8.4 0 110 110 5 25 32 114 6,302 Belize
0.9 0 0 100 35 14 5 93 61 5,898 Benin
0.7 100 9 65 5,474 Bhutan
0 5.9 0 40 40 2 7 1 78 7,486 Bolivia, Plurinational State of
2.3 187 208 122 10,142 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.8 9.4 0 597 156 56 214 129 145 7,456 Botswana
0 0 0 55 35 32 14 28 72 10,028 Brazil
0.1 17.5 0 > 1000 126 27 46 159 259 9,915 Brunei Darussalam
0 0 0 100 35 12 5 104 61 5,898 Burkina Faso
0 0.6 0 100 100 11 11 62 94 5,436 Burundi
2.0 6.0 1.5 55 50 12 17 80 129 5,767 Cabo Verde
0.1 10.0 0 60 35 24 9 56 79 9,557 Cambodia
0 0 80 2 2 Cameroon
1.1 7.7 0 368 368 532 203 325 473 7,128 Canada
0 0 0 70 30 8 9 25 53 5,652 Central African Republic
0 0 0 80 30 2 10 1 53 5,491 Chad
0.1 0 0 98 6 7 2 9 7 7,784 Chile
2.4 2.3 0 65 65 59 81 76 69 13,161 China
2.1 5.2 2.1 227 98 51 276 56 154 7,473 Colombia
0 20 4 52 5,390 Comoros
0 0 0 30 35 3 5 26 63 5,898 Congo
1.3 > 1000 50 662 7,999 Cook Islands
0.1 1.2 0 233 150 19 13 36 161 10,012 Costa Rica
0.1 0 0 64 35 15 5 59 61 5,898 Côte d'Ivoire
0 0 0 62 30 28 13 77 65 5,890 Cuba
0 0 0 100 20 9 5 21 54 5,841 Democratic Republic of the Congo
0.7 0 450 14 50 Djibouti
0 7.4 0 150 165 4 21 40 160 6,354 Dominica
0 0.8 0 99 40 13 7 35 122 7,047 Dominican Republic
0.2 0.8 0 86 85 19 199 39 104 7,540 Ecuador
0.4 0.4 0 > 1000 > 1000 41 25 415 790 7,859 Egypt
0.2 2.2 0 164 164 15 11 35 141 6,978 El Salvador
0 35 6 67 5,747 Ethiopia
4.3 4.4 0 366 170 1186 902 171 152 9,413 European Union
0.1 0.6 0 492 > 1000 34 112 33 226 5,967 Fiji
0 0 0 60 30 3 5 73 55 5,599 Gabon
0 0 110 9 20 The Gambia
0.7 12.8 0 350 349 39 49 114 281 10,254 Georgia
0 0 0 99 35 6 9 21 61 5,898 Ghana
0.6 7.9 0 200 40 9 14 36 93 6,663 Grenada
0.6 0.6 0 257 40 27 8 47 111 7,184 Guatemala
0.1 0 75 15 77 Guinea

9
All products
Summary Tables
All products
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Guinea-Bissau 97.8 48.5 0 0 97.8
Guyana 2016 100 56.6 10.9 0 9.5 0 0.0 100.0 25.0
Haiti 2016 88.1 18.7 8.8 5.1 38.8 9.0 0 52.5 24.2
Honduras 2015 100 31.9 5.7 2.0 50.3 0 0.0 89.7 0.7
Hong Kong, China 2016 47.7 0 0 47.7 100.0 0 0 0 0
Iceland 2016 95.0 24.0 4.7 43.6 80.0 3.2 3.0 32.2 4.3
India 2016 74.4 48.5 13.4 2.3 2.8 5.1 5.0 71.5 18.2
Indonesia 2016 96.3 37.1 7.9 2.4 12.7 0 0.2 90.6 9.2
Israel 2016 75.3 22.0 3.9 10.8 64.2 5.7 3.6 20.9 2.8
Jamaica 2016 100 49.6 8.5 0.5 58.6 0.0 0 83.9 26.9
Japan 2016 99.7 4.5 4.0 53.0 52.9 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.5
Jordan 2016 100 16.2 9.7 6.2 54.1 0.2 0.1 47.2 32.4
Kazakhstan 2016 100 6.4 6.9 15.0 15.7 7.8 8.2 0.9 2.5
Kenya 2016 14.8 95.1 12.8 0 36.8 0 1.0 14.8 41.2
Korea, Republic of 2016 94.9 16.5 13.9 16.2 15.1 0.7 0.5 20.2 10.4
Kuwait, the State of 2016 99.9 97.9 4.7 2.1 10.3 0 1.4 97.8 0.2
Kyrgyz Republic 2016 99.9 7.5 6.9 19.6 16.9 0.5 9.6 3.0 3.3
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2016 100 19.0 8.5 1.1 1.5 0 0.1 56.4 9.2
Lebanese Republic 2016 5.7 39.2 6.4 7.3
Lesotho 2016 100 79.9 7.6 0 61.0 0 2.8 100.0 20.9
Liberia 100 26.7 0.1 0 86.1
Macao, China 2016 27.5 0 0 27.5 100.0 0 0 0 0
Madagascar 2016 30.0 27.3 11.7 0.0 5.6 0 0 27.6 38.0
Malawi 2016 34.1 75.1 12.4 0 32.2 0 0.0 34.1 37.5
Malaysia 2016 84.3 21.3 5.8 6.0 65.7 2.9 0.7 36.6 13.3
Maldives 96.8 36.4 0 0 96.8
Mali 2016 40.4 29.5 12.2 0.7 1.5 0 0 19.3 39.0
Mauritania 2015 39.3 19.8 12.0 0.6 3.7 0 0.4 17.7 38.8
Mauritius 2016 20.0 84.1 1.0 5.2 93.0 0 2.1 14.8 1.0
Mexico 2016 100 36.2 7.0 0.3 50.3 1.0 0.7 98.7 15.4
Moldova, Republic of 2016 100 6.9 5.4 25.0 37.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 2.1
Mongolia 2016 100 17.5 5.2 1.6 1.0 0 0 77.4 0.8
Montenegro 2016 100 5.1 3.9 31.9 30.2 0 0.6 3.3 3.1
Morocco 2016 100 41.3 11.5 0.0 0.0 0 0 99.5 29.6
Mozambique 2016 14.7 97.7 10.1 0 3.6 0 0 14.4 33.4
Myanmar 2015 18.8 83.3 5.6 1.1 3.9 0.1 0 15.1 5.0
Namibia 2016 94.3 19.2 7.6 14.3 61.0 0 2.8 39.2 20.8
Nauru 2016 11.9 4.2 1.5 2.9
Nepal 2016 99.4 26.3 12.1 2.5 3.6 0 0.7 87.6 14.2
New Zealand 2016 100 10.1 2.0 47.3 63.9 3.2 0.4 31.2 0.0
Nicaragua 2016 100 40.9 5.7 2.0 50.8 0 0 98.0 0.8
Niger 2016 96.8 45.2 12.2 0.6 1.5 0 0 76.1 39.0
Nigeria 2016 20.1 120.9 12.1 0 2.5 0 0 20.1 39.0
Norway 2016 100 20.1 6.1 48.6 89.1 10.8 6.3 6.4 5.5
Oman 2016 100 14.1 5.5 6.0 10.3 0 0.7 5.5 1.1
Pakistan 2016 98.7 60.9 12.1 0 0 0.0 0.7 95.1 44.1
Palau 2016 3.6 14.2 2.4 1.0
Panama 2015 100 22.9 6.8 3.9 37.7 0.2 0.1 68.6 1.0
Papua New Guinea 100 32.2 0 0.9 71.4
Paraguay 2016 100 33.5 9.8 0 13.8 0 0 94.9 28.0
Peru 2015 100 29.5 2.4 2.0 67.5 0 0 98.0 0
Philippines 2016 67.0 25.7 6.3 2.5 3.4 0.1 0 56.0 3.2
Qatar 2016 100 15.7 4.7 3.0 10.3 0 1.0 17.8 0.2
Russian Federation 2016 100 7.6 7.1 3.3 15.5 9.1 9.8 1.6 3.6
Rwanda 2016 100 89.2 12.7 1.0 37.0 0 0.7 96.9 40.9
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2016 95.7 76.5 9.1 0 25.8 0 0.3 95.6 21.7

10
All products
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Summary Tables
All products
not yet rates
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0 50 3 7 Guinea-Bissau
0 7.7 0 100 100 4 15 30 112 6,373 Guyana
0.0 7.5 0 70 40 909 11 59 120 6,580 Haiti
0.0 0.7 0 164 164 23 13 31 138 7,969 Honduras
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 7,533 Hong Kong, China
5.5 4.4 0 574 470 434 320 250 369 8,587 Iceland
4.8 2.2 0 300 150 345 295 81 119 11,543 India
0.4 5.5 0 210 150 17 32 35 130 10,011 Indonesia
7.3 11.6 0 560 212 648 258 184 217 8,304 Israel
0 8.6 0 100 100 13 12 50 132 7,159 Jamaica
4.1 4.5 0 613 613 607 444 358 364 9,591 Japan
0.5 16.8 0 200 200 26 16 92 152 6,699 Jordan
0.8 0.6 26.7 233 233 1238 460 99 100 11,628 Kazakhstan
0 0.7 0 100 100 5 11 16 94 5,436 Kenya
2.6 2.7 0 887 887 221 114 333 407 12,347 Korea, Republic of
0 0.2 0 100 100 2 3 20 112 7,285 Kuwait, the State of
0.1 0.5 0 147 147 50 399 73 86 11,473 Kyrgyz Republic
0.7 4.1 0.4 90 40 18 12 59 78 9,725 Lao People's Democratic Republic
7.2 286 162 198 5,970 Lebanese Republic
0 9.5 0 200 111 3 199 61 144 7,456 Lesotho
0 3.9 50 12 38 Liberia
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6,756 Macao, China
0 0 0 30 20 12 6 21 59 6,710 Madagascar
0 0 0 125 25 11 8 55 84 5,682 Malawi
1.6 13.3 0 > 1000 972 335 81 316 285 9,422 Malaysia
2.3 0 300 2 114 Maldives
0 0 0 75 35 12 5 88 61 5,898 Mali
1.5 0 0 75 20 13 10 89 59 5,449 Mauritania
0 6.5 0.3 122 79 5 251 66 339 6,351 Mauritius
0.8 2.4 0 254 100 100 78 45 160 12,355 Mexico
0.8 2.1 0 75 58 82 132 87 103 9,474 Moldova, Republic of
0.0 0.8 0 75 40 13 10 36 45 5,752 Mongolia
3.3 5.4 3.7 50 50 77 89 126 145 9,466 Montenegro
1.3 5.7 0 289 200 48 18 56 144 17,784 Morocco
0 0 0 100 20 3 5 15 73 5,197 Mozambique
0.5 5.0 0 550 40 27 15 107 120 9,820 Myanmar
3.4 9.4 0 597 156 58 210 130 146 7,456 Namibia
0.6 > 1000 38 302 5,299 Nauru
0.5 0.8 0 200 200 14 55 49 96 5,383 Nepal
5.4 4.9 0 435 28 314 10 124 128 7,510 New Zealand
0.1 0.8 0 200 164 8 12 26 131 7,425 Nicaragua
3.3 0 0 200 35 13 5 77 61 5,898 Niger
0 0 0 150 35 7 5 39 64 5,923 Nigeria
6.0 5.2 0 822 822 933 698 331 444 6,962 Norway
1.4 1.1 0 200 200 15 9 138 202 7,321 Oman
0.0 0.7 0 200 160 18 59 37 85 7,050 Pakistan
1.1 > 1000 100 485 5,279 Palau
0.5 0.9 0 260 260 68 27 64 143 8,643 Panama
0.7 0 305 59 58 Papua New Guinea
0 0.1 0 35 35 6 25 22 82 10,109 Paraguay
0 10.3 0 68 11 3 4 20 163 7,554 Peru
0.0 3.2 0 80 65 24 15 48 107 10,223 Philippines
0.8 0.2 0 200 200 16 10 109 163 7,284 Qatar
0.7 0.6 8.8 233 233 1428 555 107 122 11,609 Russian Federation
0 0.7 0 100 100 15 14 32 93 5,438 Rwanda
0.1 2.8 0 250 94 23 28 25 110 6,292 Saint Kitts and Nevis

11
All products
Summary Tables
All products
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Saint Lucia 2016 99.6 62.4 9.1 0 41.7 0 0.0 99.6 26.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2016 99.7 62.9 10.0 0 8.7 0 0.0 99.7 23.9
Samoa 2016 100 21.3 11.4 0 2.7 0.4 0.4 54.2 28.7
Sao Tome and Principe 2016 10.0 1.1 0.4 10.8
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2015 100 11.2 5.1 7.0 10.3 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.4
Senegal 2016 100 30.0 12.2 0 1.5 0 0 99.8 39.0
Serbia 2016 7.4 1.4 0.0 13.7
Seychelles 2016 100 9.9 2.8 46.3 87.7 0 0.1 27.4 7.6
Sierra Leone 100 47.3 0 0 100.0
Singapore 2016 72.0 9.6 0.0 17.3 100.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0
Solomon Islands 2016 100 78.3 9.6 0 0.9 1.3 0.8 96.4 0.5
South Africa 2016 96.1 19.0 7.7 14.4 61.0 0 2.8 39.6 20.8
Sri Lanka 2015 40.5 32.1 9.3 0.2 54.2 0.6 3.3 27.6 19.7
Suriname 26.8 18.0 1.3 0.0 20.9
Swaziland 2016 96.1 19.0 7.6 14.4 61.0 0 2.8 39.6 20.8
Switzerland 2016 99.7 7.6 6.3 18.4 22.3 81.3 77.7 6.1 4.6
Chinese Taipei 2016 100 6.3 6.4 29.7 30.2 1.1 1.2 6.6 8.3
Tajikistan 2016 100 8.0 7.6 11.8 4.1 0.4 0.5 7.3 0.3
Tanzania 2016 14.5 120.0 12.9 0 36.9 0 1.0 14.5 41.3
Thailand 2015 75.2 28.0 11.0 2.2 35.3 18.7 9.0 66.3 24.5
The FYR of Macedonia 2016 100 7.2 6.8 38.0 43.1 1.4 1.5 11.6 11.5
Timor-Leste 2016 2.5 0 0 0
Togo 2016 15.0 80.0 12.2 0 1.5 0 0 15.0 39.0
Tonga 2016 100.0 17.6 11.0 0 18.7 0.0 0 51.2 7.3
Trinidad and Tobago 100 56.0 1.5 0 95.0
Tunisia 2016 58.0 57.9 11.6 0 54.8 0 0 58.0 44.7
Turkey 2016 50.3 28.5 10.9 3.5 23.5 0.1 1.3 28.9 14.1
Uganda 2016 17.0 73.0 12.8 0 37.0 0 1.0 17.0 41.1
Ukraine 2016 100 5.8 4.5 30.8 40.1 0.1 0.1 3.8 2.8
United Arab Emirates 2016 100 14.4 4.7 3.1 10.3 0 1.4 0.8 0.2
United States of America 2016 99.9 3.4 3.5 46.5 45.9 8.2 8.7 2.8 2.8
Uruguay 2016 100 31.6 10.4 0 15.0 0 0 98.2 34.0
Uzbekistan 2015 14.9 7.8 5.9 33.6
Vanuatu 2016 100 39.7 7.5 3.4 35.0 0 1.4 96.3 6.7
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 2016 100 36.5 12.7 0 4.8 0 0 99.0 31.6
Viet Nam 2016 100 11.5 9.6 14.2 35.1 0.0 0 27.7 24.8
Yemen 2016 100 21.6 7.5 0.1 1.2 1.1 0 87.6 7.0
Zambia 2016 17.8 107.3 13.9 0 26.8 0 2.2 17.8 34.4
Zimbabwe 2016 24.4 86.3 17.4 3.0 9.7 0.6 7.9 15.7 29.0

12
All products
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Summary Tables
All products
not yet rates
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.3 8.9 0 250 70 37 15 45 122 6,487 Saint Lucia
0.3 5.7 0 250 100 38 11 45 101 6,432 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0.1 0.3 0.5 305 305 70 23 42 85 5,482 Samoa
0 20 4 41 5,307 Sao Tome and Principe
0.2 0.4 0 601 306 108 23 192 188 7,323 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
0 0 0 30 35 2 5 2 61 5,898 Senegal
3.6 30 16 96 19,829 Serbia
0.6 10.4 0.1 200 200 8 16 141 367 5,566 Seychelles
0 0 80 7 13 Sierra Leone
0.5 0.0 0 > 1000 85 58 6 506 4,836 9,557 Singapore
0 0.3 0 199 199 76 74 19 130 5,506 Solomon Islands
3.2 9.4 0 597 486 58 237 130 160 7,456 South Africa
0.0 1.3 0 175 527 54 119 63 189 6,920 Sri Lanka
0 0 40 20 52 Suriname
3.2 9.5 0 597 156 58 213 130 146 7,456 Swaziland
4.8 4.0 0 > 1000 > 1000 6811 6517 375 467 8,298 Switzerland
5.7 7.3 0 837 500 256 173 233 200 8,929 Chinese Taipei
0.7 0.3 22.4 233 233 63 30 83 71 10,960 Tajikistan
0 0.7 0 120 117 1 13 0 95 5,436 Tanzania
0.9 4.9 0 855 337 1126 134 72 149 9,562 Thailand
4.0 4.2 0 65 65 293 232 115 127 9,666 The FYR of Macedonia
0 3 1 0 5,204 Timor-Leste
0 0 0 80 35 1 5 0 61 5,898 Togo
0 0 0 20 20 4 5 14 64 5,457 Tonga
0 0 156 16 37 Trinidad and Tobago
1.1 15.7 0 200 36 42 7 70 102 11,504 Tunisia
2.9 7.4 0 225 225 320 304 119 217 16,510 Turkey
0 0.7 0 80 80 5 12 18 94 5,436 Uganda
3.8 4.4 0 54 54 56 71 92 114 10,460 Ukraine
0.8 0.2 0 200 200 11 8 116 160 7,285 United Arab Emirates
7.5 7.3 0 350 350 1323 1105 292 259 11,228 United States of America
0 0.4 0 55 35 19 18 23 76 11,607 Uruguay
0.4 269 99 83 10,847 Uzbekistan
0.0 3.2 0 210 75 16 83 29 111 5,304 Vanuatu
2.0 1.0 0 135 40 44 18 41 69 11,886 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
3.9 6.6 0.0 200 135 64 41 115 118 9,623 Viet Nam
0.3 7.0 0 100 25 119 6 40 71 6,190 Yemen
0 0.1 0 125 > 1000 7 17 32 157 6,194 Zambia
0 6.9 0 150 189 60 436 87 119 6,143 Zimbabwe

13
Agricultural products
Summary Tables
MFN
MFN MFN MFN MFN
tariff
Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Afghanistan 33.6 0.4 5.5 74.3
Albania 2016 9.6 7.6 10.3 12.3 0 0 17.2 0
Algeria 2016 23.4 0.4 0 69.8
Angola 2016 52.7 23.2 0 0 0 0 94.3 51.7
Antigua and Barbuda 2016 104.9 16.3 0 24.5 0 0 99.9 45.6
Argentina 2016 32.4 10.3 0.1 7.4 0 0 95.2 15.3
Armenia 2016 14.7 8.2 1.4 11.3 0 21.7 0 0.8
Australia 2016 3.4 1.2 31.3 77.0 1.7 0.9 3.5 0.3
Azerbaijan 2015 13.3 2.1 5.7 2.7
Bahamas 2016 18.9 28.8 1.1 46.6
Bahrain, Kingdom of 2016 39.6 5.6 0 23.4 0 7.9 99.8 1.3
Bangladesh 2016 192.4 16.9 0 10.4 0 0.7 99.2 57.7
Barbados 111.1 0 0 99.8
Belarus 2016 11.2 9.0 24.0 7.9
Belize 2016 101.3 21.7 0 12.6 0 3.6 99.9 48.2
Benin 2016 61.4 15.8 0 0 0 0 97.8 53.7
Bhutan 2015 41.8 0 0 97.0
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 2016 40.0 12.5 0 1.8 0 0 100.0 20.6
Botswana 2016 36.6 8.5 21.9 46.1 0 13.8 72.6 22.5
Brazil 2016 35.4 10.0 2.7 7.2 0 0 95.7 14.2
Brunei Darussalam 2016 32.7 0.1 0 98.5 2.2 1.1 96.8 0.0
Burkina Faso 2016 97.9 15.8 0 0 0 0 97.9 53.7
Burundi 2016 94.9 20.1 2.9 15.5 0 1.2 96.2 67.7
Cabo Verde 2015 19.3 12.2 0 30.7 0 0 62.0 39.4
Cambodia 2016 27.9 14.9 0 14.3 0 0 71.6 25.3
Cameroon 80.0 0 0 99.9
Canada 2016 15.4 15.6 46.1 59.6 19.5 12.2 9.2 9.1
Central African Republic 2016 30.0 21.7 0 0.1 0 0.4 99.8 65.4
Chad 2016 80.0 21.9 0 0 0 0.5 99.9 66.2
Chile 2016 26.1 6.0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0
China 2016 15.7 15.5 6.0 7.2 0 0.3 35.5 34.9
Colombia 2016 91.5 13.7 0 5.8 0 0 99.8 9.0
Comoros 2015 12.3 22.5 0 56.3
Congo 2015 30.0 15.1 0 3.0 0 0 99.9 50.8
Cook Islands 2016 20.3 93.7 4.1 6.2
Costa Rica 2016 43.2 11.6 0 30.2 0 0 90.7 8.4
Côte d'Ivoire 2016 14.9 15.8 0.1 0 0 0 1.1 54.1
Cuba 2016 37.4 10.5 3.6 8.6 0 0 93.4 15.7
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2015 97.8 10.9 0 1.5 0 0 99.7 20.5
Djibouti 50.4 0 0 99.7
Dominica 2016 112.5 21.4 0 24.4 0 0 99.8 46.9
Dominican Republic 2016 39.3 12.7 0 32.6 0 0 98.9 52.5
Ecuador 2016 25.9 18.3 0 22.7 0 1.4 87.3 58.5
Egypt 2016 98.4 61.0 0 15.9 1.6 1.3 68.8 29.0
El Salvador 2015 42.8 11.7 0 28.5 0 0 100.0 11.5
Ethiopia 2015 22.1 1.3 0.2 69.8
European Union 2016 11.9 11.1 31.4 31.7 31.7 32.1 24.3 22.7
Fiji 2015 42.4 19.2 0 5.2 2.2 3.2 99.7 22.2
Gabon 2016 59.7 21.5 0 2.1 0 0 99.3 65.4
The Gambia 105.2 0 0 99.9
Georgia 2016 13.0 6.4 8.0 49.8 2.6 2.2 13.7 0.8
Ghana 2016 96.6 15.9 0 0 0 0.1 99.9 54.5
Grenada 2016 100.3 18.5 1.9 11.9 0 0.5 98.1 48.6
Guatemala 2015 51.4 9.6 0 28.4 0 0 97.8 3.9
Guinea 39.6 0 0 97.9

14
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0 70 56 57 Afghanistan
0 0 0 20 15 6 7 58 59 2,075 Albania
0 30 4 41 2,416 Algeria
0 0 0 60 50 4 5 18 83 775 Angola
0 0 0 220 45 10 10 17 82 1,158 Antigua and Barbuda
0 1.4 0 35 35 13 18 24 60 1,032 Argentina
0 0.4 0 15 80 5 94 14 65 2,533 Armenia
7.5 23.0 0 29 19 36 8 143 174 838 Australia
0.8 105 51 80 2,178 Azerbaijan
1.0 246 18 122 1,072 Bahamas
2.3 1.3 0 200 200 3 9 65 305 1,182 Bahrain, Kingdom of
0 0 0 200 25 7 9 19 56 1,100 Bangladesh
0 0 223 15 23 Barbados
4.1 233 109 125 2,533 Belarus
0 3.6 0 110 110 4 22 6 100 1,029 Belize
0 0 0 100 35 7 4 20 60 912 Benin
0 100 5 41 808 Bhutan
2.4 6.3 0 597 111 51 131 136 132 1,114 Botswana
0 0.1 0 55 35 21 13 31 55 1,031 Brazil
1.0 1.5 0 > 1000 50 24 17 298 1,164 1,298 Brunei Darussalam
0 0 0 100 35 6 4 14 60 912 Burkina Faso
0 0.5 0 100 100 5 9 24 68 776 Burundi
0 4.9 0 55 50 11 7 59 108 762 Cabo Verde
0 0 0 60 35 13 5 45 84 1,298 Cambodia
0 0 80 1 0 Cameroon
5.7 6.2 0 368 368 451 193 286 290 1,297 Canada
0 0 0 30 30 1 6 0 46 884 Central African Republic
0 0 0 80 30 1 4 0 45 813 Chad
0.6 0 0 98 6 3 1 23 0 1,413 Chile
2.9 3.4 0 65 65 40 46 75 73 1,476 China
0 3.0 0 227 98 47 11 37 107 1,040 Colombia
0 20 3 72 716 Comoros
0 0 0 30 35 1 5 0 62 912 Congo
4.6 > 1000 36 277 1,315 Cook Islands
1.0 8.2 0 233 150 14 13 63 141 1,661 Costa Rica
0.9 0 0 64 35 8 4 38 59 912 Côte d'Ivoire
0 0 0 40 30 7 11 26 81 836 Cuba
0 0 0 100 20 4 4 13 47 841 Democratic Republic of the Congo
4.6 0 450 10 99 Djibouti
0 4.3 0 150 150 3 18 20 128 1,029 Dominica
0.7 1.5 0 86 85 16 31 43 80 1,054 Ecuador
2.3 2.0 0 > 1000 > 1000 32 23 445 677 1,272 Egypt
1.4 7.0 0 164 164 13 9 49 128 1,030 El Salvador
0 35 6 50 831 Ethiopia
7.3 7.3 0 366 170 1110 841 129 122 2,075 European Union
0.7 2.5 0 492 492 34 49 59 259 829 Fiji
0 0 0 60 30 2 5 9 48 821 Gabon
0 0 110 6 18 The Gambia
0.3 0.5 0 350 349 34 49 137 141 2,086 Georgia
0 0 0 99 35 3 5 12 59 912 Ghana
0 0 0 200 40 8 10 30 79 1,126 Grenada
4.1 1.3 0 257 40 22 8 81 72 1,163 Guatemala
0 0 75 6 15 Guinea

15
Summary Tables
MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN
tariff
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Guinea-Bissau 40.1 0 0 100.0
Guyana 2016 99.6 21.8 0 10.5 0 0 100.0 49.3
Haiti 2016 21.3 16.8 16.5 24.7 9.2 0 64.8 45.1
Honduras 2015 32.3 10.3 0 27.0 0 0 94.1 4.9
Hong Kong, China 2016 0 0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0
Iceland 2016 113.6 24.4 25.6 63.0 24.5 21.3 64.0 29.9
India 2016 113.5 32.7 0 5.2 0.3 0.3 98.4 81.5
Indonesia 2016 47.1 8.4 0 8.5 0 1.4 99.4 9.0
Israel 2016 78.8 8.3 3.6 57.7 0.3 14.3 81.0 15.7
Jamaica 2016 97.0 19.2 1.7 31.0 0.3 0 97.3 48.9
Japan 2016 17.4 13.1 34.1 36.5 15.1 11.6 23.0 20.5
Jordan 2016 23.8 16.8 1.2 35.3 0.8 0.8 56.7 46.7
Kazakhstan 2016 9.7 9.5 6.0 9.8 18.2 18.3 6.4 6.1
Kenya 2016 100.0 20.2 0 15.4 0 1.2 99.8 68.2
Korea, Republic of 2016 57.9 56.9 2.2 5.6 5.2 3.2 75.5 53.3
Kuwait, the State of 2016 100.0 5.1 0 23.4 0 7.9 100.0 1.3
Kyrgyz Republic 2016 12.7 9.2 1.2 9.4 2.3 24.0 22.8 3.6
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2016 19.6 11.2 7.3 8.8 0 0.6 40.2 21.1
Lesotho 2016 199.1 8.6 0 46.1 0 13.8 100.0 22.6
Liberia 23.8 0 0 72.4
Macao, China 2016 0 0 99.8 100.0 0 0 0 0
Madagascar 2016 30.0 14.4 0 7.4 0 0 99.8 59.1
Malawi 2016 120.9 17.4 0 11.7 0 0 99.9 57.0
Malaysia 2016 55.6 8.4 12.9 75.0 21.1 4.8 26.2 8.1
Maldives 46.0 0 0 99.8
Mali 2016 59.0 15.8 0 0 0 0 97.9 53.7
Mauritania 2015 38.1 11.1 0 4.5 0 0.9 98.3 36.0
Mauritius 2016 119.6 0.9 0 93.0 0 0.3 99.8 0.3
Mexico 2016 45.0 14.6 0.4 20.7 7.3 4.7 95.4 40.8
Moldova, Republic of 2016 13.8 11.6 3.2 9.4 9.0 10.1 19.0 13.8
Mongolia 2016 18.8 6.1 0.7 0.8 0 0 72.9 2.8
Montenegro 2016 10.8 9.0 23.0 29.5 0 4.0 24.1 20.8
Morocco 2016 54.4 27.6 0 0 0 0 99.9 52.2
Mozambique 2016 100.0 13.8 0 0.8 0 0 99.9 60.2
Myanmar 2015 102.9 8.6 0.8 10.4 0.7 0 83.3 3.8
Namibia 2016 39.1 8.5 22.5 46.1 0 13.8 72.0 22.3
Nauru 2016 22.2 18.6 4.3 8.7
Nepal 2016 41.0 14.3 0 1.5 0 2.8 95.5 12.5
New Zealand 2016 6.1 1.4 53.6 72.4 0.2 0.1 13.6 0
Nicaragua 2016 43.5 10.8 0 25.6 0 0 100.0 5.6
Niger 2016 84.3 15.8 0 0 0 0 98.0 53.7
Nigeria 2016 150.0 15.7 0 0 0 0 99.9 53.6
Norway 2016 133.0 39.9 28.0 51.6 66.7 43.5 48.2 38.1
Oman 2016 27.8 11.0 0 23.4 0 2.8 11.4 7.1
Pakistan 2016 96.2 13.4 0 0 0.1 4.5 93.4 47.0
Palau 2016 7.4 66.5 3.5 3.9
Panama 2015 27.7 12.2 0.4 25.7 0.2 0 79.4 7.0
Papua New Guinea 44.5 0 6.0 80.2
Paraguay 2016 33.1 9.9 0 7.4 0 0 93.3 13.8
Peru 2015 30.9 2.8 0 52.6 0 0 100.0 0
Philippines 2016 35.0 9.8 0 0.5 0.6 0 90.5 13.2
Qatar 2016 25.5 5.7 0 23.4 0 6.4 24.0 1.3
Russian Federation 2016 11.0 11.0 3.0 9.2 22.9 23.9 7.2 6.2
Rwanda 2016 74.4 19.9 3.0 15.4 0 1.2 95.4 67.8
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2016 108.8 14.1 0 28.0 0 2.0 99.4 35.4

16
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 4.1 0 100 100 2 10 6 95 1,057 Guyana
0.3 0 0 70 40 112 8 73 87 1,108 Haiti
0.2 3.5 0 164 164 15 13 38 120 1,197 Honduras
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1,034 Hong Kong, China
10.0 10.8 0 574 470 422 318 134 201 1,946 Iceland
0 5.9 0 300 150 19 20 47 88 1,495 India
3.3 4.2 0 210 150 13 24 50 216 1,320 Indonesia
2.8 9.9 0 560 212 123 193 88 217 1,205 Israel
0 1.5 0 100 100 7 11 16 91 1,374 Jamaica
5.9 4.0 0 613 613 352 309 237 244 1,982 Japan
3.5 2.3 0 200 200 22 15 133 165 949 Jordan
2.9 2.6 19.2 233 233 721 133 101 103 2,683 Kazakhstan
0 0.5 0 100 100 1 9 0 68 776 Kenya
0 1.3 0 100 100 1 3 0 234 1,182 Kuwait, the State of
0.5 1.5 0 147 147 37 134 72 84 2,533 Kyrgyz Republic
10.8 286 32 158 845 Lebanese Republic
0 6.3 0 200 111 2 123 8 132 1,114 Lesotho
0 2.5 50 8 38 Liberia
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 970 Macao, China
0 0 0 30 20 1 4 0 50 984 Madagascar
0 0 0 125 25 6 5 15 52 829 Malawi
8.6 5.8 0 > 1000 972 323 67 286 457 1,255 Malaysia
5.9 0 300 2 140 Maldives
0 0 0 75 35 6 4 13 60 912 Mali
0 0 0 75 20 7 7 44 65 773 Mauritania
0 6.9 0 122 30 3 6 11 267 880 Mauritius
4.5 6.2 0 254 100 96 71 89 109 1,275 Mexico
0.3 2.8 0 75 40 11 9 27 75 902 Mongolia
3.9 7.8 10.8 50 50 51 60 85 93 2,099 Montenegro
8.4 5.9 0 289 200 41 17 96 123 2,557 Morocco
0 0 0 100 20 1 4 0 59 721 Mozambique
3.3 3.1 0 550 40 25 12 92 94 1,436 Myanmar
2.4 6.3 0 597 111 52 127 130 132 1,114 Namibia
3.0 > 1000 33 418 759 Nauru
0.9 2.1 0 200 200 12 32 53 143 792 Nepal
8.7 27.5 0 48 5 65 6 108 136 1,073 New Zealand
0.6 4.4 0 200 164 6 12 34 115 1,173 Nicaragua
0 0 0 200 35 7 4 76 60 912 Niger
0 0 0 150 35 1 4 0 61 914 Nigeria
7.6 9.2 0 822 822 771 684 124 188 1,392 Norway
7.3 7.1 0 200 200 11 9 155 252 1,198 Oman
0 2.3 0 200 160 13 44 21 103 879 Pakistan
3.8 > 1000 28 595 763 Palau
1.5 3.5 0 260 260 34 25 79 165 1,386 Panama
0 0.7 0 35 30 6 15 20 55 1,032 Paraguay
0 2.3 0 68 11 2 4 21 111 1,043 Peru
0 9.8 0 80 65 22 14 34 114 1,333 Philippines
5.3 1.3 0 200 200 10 9 162 312 1,183 Qatar
0 2.5 0 100 80 8 12 27 62 776 Rwanda
0 1.2 0 250 94 17 26 27 99 1,027 Saint Kitts and Nevis

17
Summary Tables
MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN
tariff
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Saint Lucia 2016 114.7 16.8 0 28.1 0 0 100.0 43.9
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2016 114.8 17.4 0 11.2 0 0 99.8 42.7
Samoa 2016 27.0 15.2 0 5.8 3.4 2.9 77.1 51.7
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2015 16.2 6.1 0.1 23.1 9.0 8.4 5.2 1.6
Senegal 2016 29.8 15.8 0 0 0 0 98.8 53.7
Serbia 2016 13.9 3.0 0.1 43.1
Seychelles 2016 17.1 5.6 29.2 80.1 0 0.8 51.0 9.5
Sierra Leone 40.3 0 0 100.0
Singapore 2016 23.0 0.1 4.0 99.8 3.5 0.2 3.4 0.2
Solomon Islands 2016 71.4 12.9 0 1.3 3.5 3.4 86.3 3.3
South Africa 2016 40.4 8.5 21.4 46.1 0 13.8 72.7 22.0
Sri Lanka 2015 50.1 23.7 0 14.9 2.7 13.1 99.6 68.9
Suriname 19.8 0.3 0 99.2
Swaziland 2016 40.4 8.6 21.4 46.1 0 13.8 72.7 22.5
Switzerland 2016 45.7 34.2 22.0 29.7 78.0 70.3 40.1 27.6
Chinese Taipei 2016 16.4 15.7 24.6 25.0 6.8 6.3 37.3 36.2
Tajikistan 2016 10.9 10.5 0.8 1.1 2.8 3.6 7.1 2.6
Tanzania 2016 120.0 20.5 0 15.1 0 1.2 99.9 68.2
Thailand 2015 39.3 31.0 2.0 11.8 44.0 23.7 91.4 70.0
The FYR of Macedonia 2016 13.3 12.8 33.1 37.0 9.6 9.0 32.1 30.6
Timor-Leste 2016 2.5 0 0 0
Togo 2016 80.0 15.8 0 0 0 0 99.9 53.7
Tonga 2016 19.1 9.2 0 39.7 0 0 82.2 6.0
Trinidad and Tobago 88.7 5.9 0 88.2
Tunisia 2016 116.0 31.0 0 12.0 0 0 100.0 86.1
Turkey 2016 61.0 43.2 0.0 16.9 0 5.7 87.3 66.2
Uganda 2016 77.2 20.3 0 15.3 0 1.2 99.9 68.1
Ukraine 2016 10.9 9.2 12.7 21.1 1.1 0.9 25.4 18.3
United Arab Emirates 2016 25.6 5.5 0 23.4 0 7.9 5.7 1.3
United States of America 2016 4.8 5.2 30.2 30.8 41.3 41.5 5.5 5.8
Uruguay 2016 34.1 9.9 0 8.7 0 0 96.2 14.4
Uzbekistan 2015 19.0 0.5 10.5 46.9
Vanuatu 2016 43.6 7.4 0.1 60.4 0 5.5 99.3 20.2
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 2016 55.8 14.1 0 6.0 0 0 99.0 34.6
Viet Nam 2016 19.1 16.3 8.7 15.6 0 0 47.7 41.5
Yemen 2016 24.9 10.4 0 1.1 7.4 0 80.4 17.9
Zambia 2016 122.9 19.1 0 2.0 0 5.4 99.9 59.3
Zimbabwe 2016 140.9 26.4 1.1 4.9 2.6 9.3 95.6 49.9

18
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0 0 250 45 15 14 24 92 1,123 Saint Lucia
0 0.8 0 250 100 16 11 23 94 1,115 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0.9 1.2 1.4 305 305 65 22 57 127 859 Samoa
0 20 4 51 746 Sao Tome and Principe
1.4 1.6 0 601 306 103 21 291 349 1,194 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
0 0 0 30 35 2 4 6 60 912 Senegal
0 30 10 60 4,252 Serbia
1.2 9.5 0.5 200 200 7 16 124 309 854 Seychelles
2.9 0.2 0 > 1000 85 56 6 379 1,781 1,298 Singapore
0 2.4 0 199 199 34 52 39 197 807 Solomon Islands
1.4 6.7 0 597 110 52 147 131 133 1,114 South Africa
0.0 2.7 0 175 175 33 87 12 107 1,064 Sri Lanka
0 0 20 6 9 Suriname
1.4 6.3 0 597 111 52 132 131 131 1,114 Swaziland
8.3 9.8 0 > 1000 > 1000 1775 1583 188 257 2,134 Switzerland
3.4 3.2 0 837 500 167 135 215 183 1,503 Chinese Taipei
0.9 1.2 9.3 233 233 56 28 89 77 2,466 Tajikistan
0 1.0 0 120 117 1 11 0 70 776 Tanzania
3.2 3.5 0 855 337 373 102 103 96 1,303 Thailand
0 3 1 0 742 Timor-Leste
0 0 0 80 35 1 4 0 60 912 Togo
0 0 0 20 20 2 4 10 84 800 Tonga
0 0 0 200 36 27 7 33 33 2,303 Tunisia
4.5 10.3 0 225 225 135 228 79 106 2,803 Turkey
0 1.0 0 80 80 5 10 11 66 776 Uganda
0.9 1.0 0 54 54 29 44 69 76 2,193 Ukraine
5.7 1.3 0 200 200 2 8 168 306 1,182 United Arab Emirates
0 0.4 0 55 35 14 16 23 59 1,495 Uruguay
0.9 269 42 64 2,428 Uzbekistan
0.2 12.0 0 210 75 12 51 27 170 763 Vanuatu
0 0 0 135 40 38 17 60 67 1,231 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
2.0 1.6 0 135 135 31 30 86 87 1,299 Viet Nam
2.3 0 0 100 25 102 5 54 71 934 Yemen
0 0.1 0 125 77 4 14 10 46 868 Zambia
0 3.6 0 150 150 28 75 26 95 908 Zimbabwe

19
Non-agricultural products
Summary Tables
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Afghanistan 96.1 10.3 10.5 0 21.4
Albania 2016 100 6.4 3.1 33.4 57.4 0 0 15.3 0
Algeria 2016 18.1 1.6 0 37.8
Angola 2016 100 60.1 9.5 0 0.2 0 0.0 100.0 22.0
Antigua and Barbuda 2016 95.0 51.7 8.9 0 7.8 0 0.1 95.0 21.3
Argentina 2016 100 31.7 14.3 0 5.3 0 0 98.2 40.1
Armenia 2016 100 7.6 5.9 41.7 24.1 0 7.2 0 2.6
Australia 2016 96.6 11.0 2.7 18.8 45.9 0.2 0.0 14.8 0.0
Azerbaijan 2015 8.3 3.2 0.4 0.1
Bahamas 2016 35.6 9.2 0.0 86.0
Bahrain, Kingdom of 2016 68.7 33.8 4.6 2.5 8.2 0 0.3 66.2 0
Bangladesh 2016 2.7 39.7 13.4 0.0 3.4 0 0.5 2.4 38.9
Barbados 97.2 73.1 0 0 97.2
Belarus 2016 6.5 17.0 7.3 3.4
Belize 2016 96.0 52.0 9.3 0 9.0 0 0.0 96.0 21.4
Benin 2016 29.5 11.3 11.5 0.8 1.8 0 0 5.2 36.5
Bhutan 2015 19.0 4.9 0 58.2
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 2016 100 40.0 11.6 0 7.8 0 0 100.0 20.5
Botswana 2016 93.4 15.7 7.5 13.0 63.5 0 0.9 33.8 20.6
Brazil 2016 100 30.8 14.1 0.7 4.9 0 0 96.5 39.7
Brunei Darussalam 2016 95.1 24.4 1.3 0 79.6 0 0.1 95.1 1.3
Burkina Faso 2016 29.6 13.8 11.5 0.8 1.8 0 0 5.3 36.5
Burundi 2016 10.2 26.4 11.6 0.5 40.4 0 0.9 7.1 36.7
Cabo Verde 2015 100.0 15.4 9.7 5.5 47.2 0 0 42.4 28.9
Cambodia 2016 100 18.0 10.6 1.0 16.0 0 0.0 41.4 7.5
Cameroon 0.2 68.8 0 0 0.2
Canada 2016 99.7 5.2 2.2 38.1 78.5 0.3 0 6.8 6.3
Central African Republic 2016 56.2 37.7 17.4 0 0.7 0 0.4 56.2 45.0
Chad 2016 0.4 76.6 17.3 0 0.7 0 0.7 0.4 44.1
Chile 2016 100 25.0 6.0 0.0 0.3 0 0 100.0 0
China 2016 100 9.1 9.0 6.6 6.9 0 0.3 13.3 12.3
Colombia 2016 100 34.6 5.5 2.4 58.1 0 6.3 97.6 6.2
Comoros 2015 15.8 10.7 0.1 75.4
Congo 2015 3.5 15.2 11.4 0 3.2 0 0.1 1.1 36.3
Cook Islands 2016 0.6 99.2 0.6 0.5
Costa Rica 2016 100 43.1 4.6 2.3 54.8 0 0 96.8 0.0
Côte d'Ivoire 2016 23.1 8.5 11.6 0.8 1.8 0 0 2.7 36.6
Cuba 2016 21.2 9.2 10.1 1.7 6.0 0 0 1.8 4.9
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2015 100 95.8 10.9 0 0.2 0 0 98.8 29.0
Djibouti 100 39.9 0.0 0 99.6
Dominica 2016 93.4 50.0 8.2 0 23.9 0 0 93.4 20.2
Dominican Republic 2016 100 33.2 6.4 2.8 59.0 0 0 87.9 25.2
Ecuador 2016 100 21.1 11.4 0 36.5 0 6.7 68.8 32.6
Egypt 2016 99.2 27.5 10.7 2.2 11.1 0 0 70.9 19.7
El Salvador 2015 100 35.8 5.0 2.8 53.9 0 0 97.2 0.6
Ethiopia 2015 16.6 5.0 0.1 48.9
European Union 2016 100 3.9 4.2 28.9 26.4 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.6
Fiji 2015 43.0 40.0 10.5 0 4.6 0.0 1.6 43.0 15.3
Gabon 2016 100 15.4 17.1 0 2.8 0 0 1.0 43.9
The Gambia 0.7 59.7 0 0 0.7
Georgia 2016 100 6.5 0.7 24.4 93.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0
Ghana 2016 1.3 40.7 11.5 0 2.0 0 0.1 1.3 36.5
Grenada 2016 100 50.0 9.7 0 4.0 0 0.2 100.0 22.8
Guatemala 2015 100 39.7 4.9 2.3 55.1 0 0 93.5 0.0
Guinea 29.1 10.1 0.8 0 4.9

20
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.2 0.1 50 12 88 Afghanistan
10.3 21.0 0 20 15 8 6 107 165 7,338 Albania
0 30 4 55 13,529 Algeria
0 11.7 0 80 50 4 6 3 129 5,186 Angola
0.2 3.4 0 206 70 26 13 24 89 5,547 Antigua and Barbuda
0 0 0 35 35 10 15 23 75 9,000 Argentina
0 0.2 0 15 25 8 363 92 80 8,940 Armenia
6.5 0.0 0 55 176 58 11 104 157 5,361 Australia
0.1 230 19 89 7,779 Azerbaijan
0 100 13 50 5,044 Bahamas
0 0 0 100 5 3 2 26 31 6,103 Bahrain, Kingdom of
0.1 0 0 200 25 13 29 89 71 5,531 Bangladesh
0.4 0 247 18 24 Barbados
0.3 125 340 77 8,940 Belarus
0 4.8 0 110 50 5 13 16 99 5,273 Belize
1.3 0.4 0 60 35 12 5 93 59 4,986 Benin
0.1 100 9 56 4,666 Bhutan
0.4 9.3 0 50 156 14 98 69 148 6,342 Botswana
0 0 0 35 35 19 13 27 73 8,997 Brazil
0 20.3 0 50 126 6 31 30 235 8,617 Brunei Darussalam
1.4 0.4 0 100 35 11 5 147 59 4,986 Burkina Faso
1.3 0.4 0 100 75 10 8 114 98 4,660 Burundi
1.8 14.9 1.8 55 50 12 17 84 133 5,005 Cabo Verde
0 7.5 0 43 35 20 9 56 77 8,259 Cambodia
0 0 80 2 23 Cameroon
6.8 16.4 0 20 25 126 36 99 205 5,831 Canada
0 0 0 70 30 8 9 25 53 4,768 Central African Republic
0 0 0 80 30 2 10 3 54 4,678 Chad
0 0 0 25 6 5 2 2 7 6,371 Chile
1.4 1.2 0 50 50 55 71 69 64 11,685 China
0.1 5.9 2.4 104 40 7 271 20 156 6,433 Colombia
0 20 4 49 4,674 Comoros
0 0.4 0 30 35 3 5 67 61 4,986 Congo
0.5 > 1000 17 1,242 6,684 Cook Islands
0 19.6 0 100 45 16 5 30 122 8,351 Costa Rica
0 0.4 0 25 35 12 5 67 59 4,986 Côte d'Ivoire
0.8 0 0 62 30 27 13 81 61 5,054 Cuba
0 0 0 100 20 8 5 23 55 5,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo
0.0 0 230 9 19 Djibouti
0 3.7 0 100 165 3 13 3 146 5,325 Dominica
0 0.2 0 40 40 11 175 36 108 6,486 Ecuador
0.1 12.3 0 160 > 1000 19 10 71 342 6,587 Egypt
0 0.6 0 80 30 9 8 30 121 5,948 El Salvador
0 35 6 70 4,916 Ethiopia
7.4 2.9 0 26 26 124 110 106 101 7,338 European Union
0 15.1 0 40 > 1000 1 67 0 182 5,138 Fiji
0.9 0 0 60 30 3 5 29 55 4,778 Gabon
0 0 110 6 43 The Gambia
0.3 6.7 0 20 12 15 4 74 375 8,168 Georgia
0 0.4 0 99 35 6 8 46 60 4,986 Ghana
0 5.6 0 100 40 3 13 3 88 5,537 Grenada
0 19.4 0 75 20 13 5 31 119 6,021 Guatemala
0.3 0 40 14 71 Guinea

21
Summary Tables
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Guinea-Bissau 97.4 50.0 0 0 97.4
Guyana 2016 100 50.1 9.3 0 9.4 0 0.0 100.0 21.3
Haiti 2016 86.1 18.2 7.4 3.2 41.1 9.0 0 50.4 20.7
Honduras 2015 100 31.8 5.0 2.3 54.2 0 0.0 89.0 0
Hong Kong, China 2016 39.8 0 0 39.8 100.0 0 0 0 0
Iceland 2016 94.3 9.5 1.4 46.4 82.9 0.0 0 27.3 0.0
India 2016 70.5 34.5 10.2 2.6 2.5 5.9 5.7 67.5 7.7
Indonesia 2016 95.8 35.6 7.8 2.8 13.4 0 0.0 89.3 9.2
Israel 2016 71.7 10.2 3.1 11.9 65.2 6.5 1.8 11.8 0.7
Jamaica 2016 100 42.5 6.7 0.4 63.2 0 0 81.9 23.2
Japan 2016 99.6 2.5 2.5 55.9 55.7 1.7 2.0 0.8 0.7
Jordan 2016 100 15.1 8.6 7.0 57.2 0.1 0 45.8 30.0
Kazakhstan 2016 100 6.0 6.5 16.3 16.7 6.2 6.5 0.1 1.9
Kenya 2016 2.0 57.0 11.6 0 40.4 0 1.0 2.0 36.7
Korea, Republic of 2016 94.1 9.8 6.8 18.3 16.7 0.1 0.1 11.9 3.3
Kuwait, the State of 2016 99.9 97.5 4.6 2.5 8.2 0 0.3 97.4 0
Kyrgyz Republic 2016 99.9 6.7 6.5 22.4 18.2 0.2 7.3 0.0 3.2
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2016 100 18.9 8.1 0.1 0.3 0 0.1 59.1 7.2
Lesotho 2016 100 60.1 7.5 0 63.5 0 0.9 100.0 20.6
Liberia 100 27.2 0.1 0 88.4
Macao, China 2016 16.5 0 0 16.5 100.0 0 0 0 0
Madagascar 2016 19.5 25.2 11.2 0.0 5.3 0 0 16.6 34.5
Malawi 2016 23.1 42.0 11.5 0 35.6 0 0.0 23.1 34.3
Malaysia 2016 81.9 14.9 5.4 5.0 64.2 0.1 0.1 38.2 14.2
Maldives 96.3 34.9 0 0 96.3
Mali 2016 30.5 13.4 11.5 0.8 1.8 0 0 6.3 36.5
Mauritania 2015 30.1 10.6 12.2 0.7 3.6 0 0.3 5.5 39.3
Mauritius 2016 7.9 16.3 1.0 6.0 93.0 0 2.4 1.9 1.2
Mexico 2016 100 34.8 5.7 0.3 55.2 0.0 0.1 99.2 11.2
Moldova, Republic of 2016 100 5.9 4.4 28.3 41.7 0 0.2 0.1 0.1
Mongolia 2016 100 17.3 5.0 1.7 1.0 0 0 78.1 0.4
Montenegro 2016 100 4.2 3.0 33.2 30.3 0 0.0 0.2 0.1
Morocco 2016 100 39.3 8.9 0.0 0.0 0 0 99.4 25.8
Mozambique 2016 0.6 26.0 9.5 0 4.0 0 0 0.1 29.4
Myanmar 2015 5.3 21.3 5.1 1.1 2.9 0 0 3.7 5.2
Namibia 2016 93.4 15.7 7.5 13.0 63.5 0 0.9 33.8 20.6
Nauru 2016 10.2 1.8 1.1 2.0
Nepal 2016 99.3 23.8 11.7 2.9 3.9 0 0.4 86.3 14.5
New Zealand 2016 100 10.7 2.2 46.3 62.5 3.7 0.5 33.8 0.0
Nicaragua 2016 100 40.5 4.9 2.3 55.0 0 0 97.7 0
Niger 2016 96.3 38.4 11.5 0.7 1.8 0 0 72.5 36.5
Nigeria 2016 6.8 49.7 11.5 0 3.0 0 0 6.8 36.6
Norway 2016 100 3.0 0.5 51.7 95.3 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.0
Oman 2016 100 11.8 4.7 7.1 8.2 0 0.3 4.5 0.1
Pakistan 2016 99.0 55.1 11.9 0 . 0 0.1 95.4 43.6
Palau 2016 3.0 5.4 2.2 0.5
Panama 2015 100 22.1 6.0 4.5 39.7 0.2 0.1 66.9 0.0
Papua New Guinea 100 30.3 0 0.1 70.0
Paraguay 2016 100 33.5 9.8 0 14.9 0 0 95.2 30.4
Peru 2015 100 29.3 2.4 2.2 70.0 0 0 97.8 0
Philippines 2016 61.9 23.4 5.7 2.9 3.9 0 0 50.8 1.5
Qatar 2016 100 14.0 4.6 3.5 8.2 0 0.1 16.8 0.0
Russian Federation 2016 100 7.1 6.5 3.4 16.5 7.0 7.4 0.8 3.1
Rwanda 2016 100 91.7 11.5 0.7 40.6 0 0.6 97.2 36.4
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2016 95.0 70.9 8.4 0 25.5 0 0 95.0 19.6

22
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 4.1 0 100 70 4 13 3 100 5,316 Guyana
0 4.6 0 50 40 808 11 55 122 5,472 Haiti
0 19.5 0 55 15 19 4 30 126 6,772 Honduras
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6,499 Hong Kong, China
8.6 17.0 0 175 20 40 8 134 203 6,641 Iceland
0.1 0.8 0 150 100 333 286 36 73 10,048 India
0 5.8 0 60 150 9 16 25 101 8,691 Indonesia
4.5 14.1 0 170 137 554 77 126 174 7,099 Israel
0 4.3 0 100 50 11 10 38 136 5,785 Jamaica
8.9 8.9 0 385 385 312 192 297 259 7,609 Japan
0.0 15.6 0 60 30 13 9 66 131 5,750 Jordan
0.1 0.4 27.8 24 30 535 356 74 73 8,945 Kazakhstan
0 0.4 0 100 50 5 8 31 97 4,660 Kenya
0 0 0 100 5 2 2 21 31 6,103 Kuwait, the State of
0 0.3 0 20 83 22 293 63 76 8,940 Kyrgyz Republic
6.6 75 139 131 5,125 Lebanese Republic
0.1 9.3 0 200 60 3 91 6 146 6,342 Lesotho
0 4.1 50 10 38 Liberia
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 5,786 Macao, China
0 0 0 30 20 12 6 27 60 5,726 Madagascar
0 0 0 125 25 11 8 18 90 4,853 Malawi
0.0 14.2 0 58 60 20 27 70 163 8,167 Malaysia
1.8 0 300 2 103 Maldives
2.4 0.4 0 60 35 11 5 111 59 4,986 Mali
0.0 0 0 50 20 12 8 72 58 4,676 Mauritania
1.9 6.5 0.9 122 79 3 249 190 351 5,471 Mauritius
0.0 7.5 0 156 50 15 18 15 154 11,080 Mexico
0 0.4 0 30 20 9 6 37 26 4,850 Mongolia
2.2 12.4 2.7 20 20 55 45 100 117 7,367 Montenegro
0 0.9 0 45 50 11 9 11 98 15,227 Morocco
0.1 0 0 100 20 3 5 149 75 4,476 Mozambique
0.0 5.2 0 165 40 12 15 87 124 8,384 Myanmar
0.4 9.3 0 50 156 15 98 69 149 6,342 Namibia
0.3 45 9 31 4,540 Nauru
0 0.6 0 60 80 11 30 36 74 4,591 Nepal
6.1 5.7 0 435 28 276 6 123 127 6,437 New Zealand
0 19.1 0 100 15 7 4 24 116 6,252 Nicaragua
0 0.4 0 50 35 11 5 51 59 4,986 Niger
0.1 0.9 0 150 35 7 5 32 64 5,009 Nigeria
11.9 4.7 0 344 296 168 16 246 937 5,570 Norway
0 0.1 0 20 100 9 3 52 56 6,123 Oman
0 0.4 0 100 100 14 20 32 82 6,171 Pakistan
0.6 69 75 73 4,516 Palau
0.0 0.0 0 81 81 46 11 55 92 7,257 Panama
0 0.0 0 35 35 6 23 22 85 9,077 Paraguay
0 11.6 0 30 11 2 3 20 174 6,511 Peru
0 1.5 0 50 30 8 9 49 99 8,890 Philippines
0 0.0 0 30 20 14 4 41 33 6,101 Qatar
0 0.4 0 100 100 14 8 31 99 4,662 Rwanda
0 0.8 0 170 70 10 9 12 107 5,265 Saint Kitts and Nevis

23
Summary Tables
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Saint Lucia 2016 99.5 54.4 7.8 0 43.9 0 0.0 99.5 23.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2016 99.7 55.1 8.9 0 8.3 0 0.0 99.7 21.1
Samoa 2016 100 20.4 10.8 0 2.2 0 0.0 50.7 24.9
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2015 100 10.5 5.0 8.1 8.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2
Senegal 2016 100 30.0 11.5 0 1.8 0 0 99.9 36.5
Serbia 2016 6.4 1.1 0.0 8.8
Seychelles 2016 100 8.7 2.3 49.1 88.8 0 0 23.4 7.4
Sierra Leone 100 48.5 0 0 100.0
Singapore 2016 67.3 6.2 0 19.5 100.0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 2016 100 79.4 9.1 0 0.9 0.9 0.3 97.9 0.0
South Africa 2016 95.5 15.7 7.5 13.4 63.5 0 0.9 34.6 20.6
Sri Lanka 2015 30.6 22.3 6.9 0.2 60.8 0.2 1.7 15.7 11.5
Suriname 15.8 16.2 1.4 0.0 9.0
Swaziland 2016 95.5 15.7 7.5 13.4 63.5 0 0.9 34.6 20.6
Switzerland 2016 99.7 1.9 1.7 17.9 21.1 81.8 78.9 1.0 0.8
Chinese Taipei 2016 100 4.7 4.8 30.4 31.1 0.3 0.3 2.0 3.7
Tajikistan 2016 100 7.6 7.2 13.6 4.6 0 0.0 7.4 0
Tanzania 2016 0.3 120.0 11.6 0 40.5 0 0.9 0.2 36.9
Thailand 2015 71.4 25.6 7.7 2.3 39.2 14.9 6.6 62.5 16.9
The FYR of Macedonia 2016 100 6.2 5.8 38.8 44.1 0.1 0.2 8.5 8.3
Timor-Leste 2016 2.5 . 0 0
Togo 2016 0.9 80.0 11.5 0 1.8 0 0 0.9 36.5
Tonga 2016 100.0 17.3 11.3 0 15.2 0.0 0 46.5 7.5
Trinidad and Tobago 100 50.5 0.8 0 96.2
Tunisia 2016 51.6 40.8 8.3 0 61.9 0 0 51.6 37.8
Turkey 2016 42.7 17.0 5.5 4.0 24.6 0.1 0.6 20.0 5.5
Uganda 2016 3.2 51.2 11.5 0 40.7 0 0.9 3.2 36.6
Ukraine 2016 100 5.0 3.7 33.6 43.3 0.0 0 0.5 0.3
United Arab Emirates 2016 100 12.7 4.6 3.5 8.2 0 0.3 0 0
United States of America 2016 99.9 3.2 3.2 49.0 48.4 3.2 3.2 2.3 2.3
Uruguay 2016 100 31.2 10.5 0 16.1 0 0 98.5 37.2
Uzbekistan 2015 14.2 9.1 5.1 31.4
Vanuatu 2016 100 39.1 7.5 3.9 30.7 0 0.7 95.8 4.4
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 2016 100 33.6 12.5 0 4.6 0 0 99.0 31.1
Viet Nam 2016 100 10.4 8.5 15.0 38.3 0.0 0 24.6 22.0
Yemen 2016 100 21.1 7.0 0.1 1.2 0.1 0 88.9 5.2
Zambia 2016 4.2 44.4 13.0 0 30.9 0 1.6 4.1 30.2
Zimbabwe 2016 11.9 9.8 15.9 3.3 10.5 0.2 7.6 2.4 25.5

24
I SUMMARY
TARIFF TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.6 6.2 0 206 70 30 10 34 125 5,364 Saint Lucia
0.6 3.4 0 206 40 31 9 35 88 5,317 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0 0.0 0.3 55 50 16 6 33 52 4,623 Samoa
0 20 4 39 4,561 Sao Tome and Principe
0 1.5 0 20 20 17 11 52 51 6,129 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
0 0.4 0 30 35 2 5 1 59 4,986 Senegal
5.8 30 15 93 15,577 Serbia
0.1 9.2 0 200 200 7 8 136 361 4,712 Seychelles
0 0 0 10 0 5 1 81 0 8,259 Singapore
0 0 0 120 20 47 25 15 23 4,699 Solomon Islands
0.5 9.3 0 50 486 15 105 69 165 6,342 South Africa
0.1 11.4 0 100 527 27 36 82 217 5,856 Sri Lanka
0 0 40 17 75 Suriname
0.5 9.3 0 50 156 15 96 69 149 6,342 Swaziland
8.2 8.3 0 67 53 5037 4939 170 166 6,164 Switzerland
3.0 4.7 0 158 156 131 80 113 119 7,426 Chinese Taipei
0.6 0 24.5 30 15 17 6 71 56 8,494 Tajikistan
0 0.4 0 120 60 1 8 0 97 4,660 Tanzania
0.4 11.2 0 164 145 760 41 40 143 8,259 Thailand
0 3 1 0 4,462 Timor-Leste
0 0.4 0 80 35 1 5 0 59 4,986 Togo
0 0 0 20 20 4 5 14 60 4,657 Tonga
0.1 4.6 0 180 36 28 6 39 118 9,201 Tunisia
0.7 5.4 0 100 82 249 114 74 146 13,707 Turkey
0 0.4 0 80 50 4 8 22 98 4,660 Uganda
0.5 5.5 0 25 25 42 42 89 113 8,267 Ukraine
0 0 0 15 5 10 2 35 31 6,103 United Arab Emirates
0 0.4 0 35 35 12 15 22 78 10,112 Uruguay
0.3 226 61 87 8,419 Uzbekistan
0 1.8 0 85 55 15 41 29 97 4,541 Vanuatu
0 0.2 0 40 40 13 16 13 67 10,655 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
2.1 4.0 0.1 200 100 56 36 120 122 8,324 Viet Nam
0 5.2 0 43 25 30 6 34 67 5,256 Yemen
0 2.0 0 125 > 1000 6 8 34 178 5,326 Zambia
0.5 7.8 0 150 189 38 370 149 122 5,235 Zimbabwe

25
II. Country/territory
tariff profiles
26
Index of tariff profiles 28
Technical notes 30
Country/territory tariff profiles 35
27
Index of tariff profiles
Afghanistan 35 Egypt 79
Albania 36 El Salvador 80
Algeria 37 Ethiopia 81
Angola 38 European Union 1 82
Antigua and Barbuda 39 Fiji 83
Argentina 40 Gabon 84
Armenia 41 The Gambia 85
Australia 42 Georgia 86
Azerbaijan 43 Ghana 87
Bahamas 44 Grenada 88
Bahrain, Kingdom of 45 Guatemala 89
Bangladesh 46 Guinea 90
Barbados 47 Guinea-Bissau 91
Belarus 48 Guyana 92
Belize 49 Haiti 93
Benin 50 Honduras 94
Bhutan 51 Hong Kong, China 95
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 52 Iceland 96
Bosnia and Herzegovina 53 India 97
Botswana 54 Indonesia 98
Brazil 55 Israel 99
Brunei Darussalam 56 Jamaica 100
Burkina Faso 57 Japan 101
Burundi 58 Jordan 102
Cabo Verde 59 Kazakhstan 103
Cambodia 60 Kenya 104
Cameroon 61 Korea, Republic of 105
Canada 62 Kuwait, the State of 106
Central African Republic 63 Kyrgyz Republic 107
Chad 64 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 108
Chile 65 Lebanese Republic 109
China 66 Lesotho 110
Colombia 67 Liberia 111
Comoros 68 Macao, China 112
Congo 69 Madagascar 113
Cook Islands 70 Malawi 114
Costa Rica 71 Malaysia 115
Côte d’Ivoire 72 Maldives 116
Cuba 73 Mali 117
Democratic Republic of the Congo 74 Mauritania 118
Djibouti 75 Mauritius 119
Dominica 76 Mexico 120
Dominican Republic 77 Moldova, Republic of 121
Ecuador 78 Mongolia 122

28
Index of tariff profiles (continued)
Montenegro 123 Sierra Leone 155
Morocco 124 Singapore 156
Mozambique 125 Solomon Islands 157
Myanmar 126 South Africa 158
Namibia 127 Sri Lanka 159
Nauru 128 Suriname 160
Nepal 129 Swaziland 161
New Zealand 130 Switzerland 2 162
TARIFF PROFILES
Nicaragua 131 Chinese Taipei 163
Niger 132 Tajikistan 164
Nigeria 133 Tanzania 165
Norway 134 Thailand 166
Oman 135 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 167
Pakistan 136 Timor-Leste 168
Palau 137 Togo 169
Panama 138 Tonga 170
Papua New Guinea 139 Trinidad and Tobago 171
Paraguay 140 Tunisia 172
Peru 141 Turkey 173
Philippines 142 Uganda 174
Qatar 143 Ukraine 175
Russian Federation 144 United Arab Emirates 176
Rwanda 145 United States of America 177
Saint Kitts and Nevis 146 Uruguay 178
Saint Lucia 147 Uzbekistan 179
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 148 Vanuatu 180
Samoa 149 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 181
Sao Tome and Principe 150 Viet Nam 182
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 151 Yemen 183
Senegal 152 Zambia 184
Serbia 153 Zimbabwe 185
Seychelles 154
1. The information provided by the European Union (formerly European Communities) covers its 28 member states.
2. The information provided by Switzerland covers Liechtenstein.

29
Part A.1
Tariffs and imports: Summary and duty ranges
Row titles Description or method of calculation Technical notes
Simple Only duties and imports recorded

Simple average of final bound duties under HS Chapters 01-97 are taken
average final
excluding unbound tariff lines. into account. Each applied tariff
bound
schedule is validated against the
standard nomenclature at the HS
Simple six-digit subheading level of the HS
average MFN Simple average of MFN applied duties. version adopted by the country for
applied the reference year. National tariff
lines that do not follow this standard
Trade (i.e., the first six digits should be
HS six-digit MFN tariff averages weighted with HS six-digit based on the standard subheading
weighted
import flows for traded national tariff lines. nomenclature of the HS version used
average
by the country) are discarded and
not taken into account. On the other
Imports in hand, missing subheadings are added.
Imports in billion US$.
billion US$ Hence, all calculations are based on
the complete standard nomenclature.
Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing at least one All simple averages are based on
bound tariff line. The percentage share is also presented pre-aggregated HS six-digit averages.
Binding separately for non-agricultural (Non-AG) tariff lines. Full Pre-aggregation means that duties at
coverage binding coverage is indicated by 100 without further decimals. the tariff line level are first averaged to
If some tariff lines are unbound but the result still rounds to HS six-digit subheadings. Subsequent
100 this is reflected by maintaining one decimal, i.e. 100.0. calculations are based on these pre-
aggregated averages.
Per cent of HS six-digit subheadings in the schedule of To the extent possible, non-ad valorem
AG: Tariff duties are converted into ad valorem
agricultural concession covered by tariff quotas. Partial
quotas (in %) equivalents. The methodology used for
coverage is taken into account on a pro rata basis.
the conversion is in Technical Annex B
of World Tariff Profiles 2006.
Per cent of HS six-digit subheadings in the schedule
AG: Special
of agricultural concessions with at least one tariff
safeguards
line subject to Special Safeguards (SSG). Partial
(in %)
coverage is taken into account on a pro rata basis.

30
Part A.2
Tariffs and imports by product groups
Frequency distribution Column heading Description or method of calculation

by duty ranges
Simple average of final bound duties
The shares by duty ranges in the AVG
excluding unbound tariff lines
frequency distribution are based on the
pro rata shares of tariff line level duties
in the standard HS six-digit subheadings. Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings
For example, if there are two tariff lines in the total number of subheadings in the
Duty free
product group. Partially duty-free subheadings
in one HS six-digit subheading, one with
are taken into account on a pro rata basis.
TARIFF PROFILES
a duty of 10 and one with a duty of 20,
then half of the HS six-digit subheading Final
is allocated to the 5-10 range and the bound Highest ad valorem duty or calculated
duties Max
other half to the 15-25 range. The AVE within the product group
frequency distribution includes AVEs
whenever those were calculated. The Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing
percentages by duty ranges add up to at least one bound tariff line. Full binding
100 per cent for MFN applied duties Binding coverage is indicated by 100 without further
unless there are non-computable AVEs or in % decimals. If some tariff lines are unbound but
missing tariff lines for which no separate the result still rounds to 100 this is reflected
category was allocated. For bound duties, by maintaining one decimal, i.e. 100.0.
the duty ranges add up to the percentage
of the binding coverage unless there are
non-computable AVEs or missing tariff
lines. Please note that the use of different AVG Simple average of MFN applied duties.
nomenclatures for bound and MFN
applied duties affects the comparability
of bound and MFN applied duty shares by
frequency ranges. Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings
MFN
When trade is available at the tariff in the total number of subheadings in the
applied Duty free
line level, imports are allocated on a product group. Partially duty-free subheadings
duties
tariff line basis to the respective duty are taken into account on a pro rata basis.
ranges. Otherwise, HS six-digit imports
are allocated on a pro rata basis to duty
ranges, e.g. if there are two tariff lines
Highest ad valorem duty or calculated
in one HS six-digit subheading, one with Max
AVE within the product group
a duty of 10 and one with a duty of 20
then half of the HS six-digit imports are
allocated to the 5-10 range and the other
half to the 15-25 range.
Share in % Share of imports falling under product group
Share of HS six-digit subheadings
subject to non-ad valorem duties: when
only part of the HS six-digit subheading Imports Share of MFN duty-free imports falling
is subject to non-ad valorem duties, the under product group in total imports in that
percentage share of these tariff lines is Duty free
product group. Partially duty-free subheadings
used. in %
are taken into account on a pro rata basis
if tariff line imports are not available.

31
Definition of groups used in part A.2
Product Group MTN 1 Harmonized System nomenclature 2012
Agricultural products (Ag)
Animal products 17 Ch. 01, Ch. 02, 1601-02
Dairy products 21 0401-06
12 Ch. 07, Ch. 08, 1105-06, 2001-08

Fruit, vegetables,
plants
19 0601-03, 1211, Ch. 13, Ch. 14
Coffee, tea 13 0901-03, Ch. 18 (except 1802), 2101
x15 0407-10, 1101-04, 1107-09, Ch. 19, 2102-06, 2209

Cereals and
preparations
16 Ch. 10
Oilseeds, fats & oils 18 1201-08, Ch. 15 (except 150410, 150420), 2304-06, 3823
Sugars and
14 Ch. 17
confectionery
20 2009, 2201-08
Beverages and
tobacco
22 Ch. 24
Cotton x23 5201-5203
x15 0904-10
Other agricultural
products Ch.05 (except 0508, 051191), 0604, 1209-10, 1212-14, 1802,
x23 230110, 2302-03, 2307- 09, 290543-45, 3301, 3501-05, 380910,
382460, 4101-03, 4301, 5001- 03, 5101-03, 5301-02
1. Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTN) categories were first defined in the Tokyo Round and adapted for the Harmonized System in the Uruguay Round.
The product group breakdown in this publication deviates slightly from the previous definition, which was based on the HS 1992 nomenclature.

32
Product Group MTN 1 Harmonized System nomenclature 2012
Non-agricultural products (Non-Ag)
Fish and fish

11 Ch. 03, 0508, 051191, 150410, 150420, 1603-05, 230120
products
4 2601-17, 2620, Ch. 72-76 (except 7321-22), Ch. 78-83 (except 8304-05)
Minerals and metals
Ch. 25, 2618-19, 2621, 2701-04, 2706- 08, 2711-15, Ch.31, 3403,
9
Ch. 68-71 (except 6807, 701911-19, 701940-59), 911310-20
TARIFF PROFILES
Petroleum 97 2709-10
2705, Ch. 28-30 (except 290543-45, 300590), Ch. 32- 33 (except

Chemicals 2 5 3301, 330620) , Ch. 34 (except 3403, 3406), 3506-07, 3601-04,
Ch. 37-39 (except 380910, 3823, 382460, 392112-13, 392190)
Wood, paper, etc. 1 Ch.44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 9401-04 (except 940490), 961900
300590, 330620, 392112-13, 392190, 420212, 420222, 420232,

420292, Ch. 50-60 (except 5001-03, 5101-03, 5201-03, 5301-02),
Textiles x2
Ch. 63, 640520, 640610, 6501-05, 6601, 701911-19,
701940-59, 870821, 8804, 911390, 940490, 961210
Clothing x2 Ch. 61-62
Leather, Ch. 40, Ch. 41 (except 4101-4103), 4201-05 (except 420212, 420222,
3
footwear, etc. 420232, 420292), 4302-04, Ch. 64 (except 640520, 640610), 9605
Non-electrical 7321-22, Ch. 84 (except 846721-29), 850860, 852841, 852851,

7
machinery 852861, 8608, 8709
846721-29, Ch. 85 (except 850860, 852841, 852851,

Electrical machinery 8
852861, 8519-8523 but including 852352)
Ch. 86 (except 8608), 8701-08 (except 870821),

Transport equipment 6
8711-14, 8716, 8801-03, Ch. 89
2716, 3406, 3605-06, 4206, Ch. 46, 6506-07, 6602-03, Ch. 67, 6807,
Manufactures, not
10 8304-05, 8519-23 (excluding 852352), 8710, 8715, 8805, Ch. 90‑93
elsewhere specified
(except 9113), 9405-06, Ch. 95-97 (except 9605, 961210 , 961900)
2. The part of HS subheading 330210 which relates to products originally classified as agricultural has not been taken into account in the Chemicals
product group.

33
Part B
Exports to major trading partners and duties faced
Column heading Description or method of calculation
Bilateral imports in Mill US$ Total imports of major partner countries
Number of HS Chapters with trade flows after exclusion of

HS 2 digit
5 per cent of smallest bilateral tariff line trade flows.
Diversification:
95 % trade in no. of
Number of HS six-digit subheadings with trade flows after exclusion of 5 per cent
HS 6 digit
of smallest bilateral tariff line trade flows
Simple Simple average of MFN duties based only on tariff lines with imports
MFN Average
of traded TL
Weighted Trade-weighted average MFN duty
Trade-weighted average difference between the MFN duty and the most
Preference margin Weighted advantageous preferential duty. Tariff lines where either MFN or preferential
duties cannot be expressed in ad valorem terms have been excluded.
Duty-free tariff lines in per cent of all bilateral trade flows; includes duty-
TL in % free preferential treatment. Partially duty-free subheadings are taken
into account on a pro rata basis if tariff line imports are not available.
Duty-free imports
Share of duty-free trade in per cent of all bilateral trade flows; includes
Value in % duty-free preferential treatment. Partially duty-free subheadings are taken
into account on a pro rata basis if tariff line imports are not available.

34
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Part A.1 Tariffs and imports: Summary and duty ranges

Summary Total Ag Non-Ag WTO member since 2016
Simple average final bound 13.6 33.6 10.3 Binding coverage: Total 96.6
Simple average MFN applied Non-Ag 96.1
Trade weighted average Ag: Tariff quotas (in %) 0
Imports in billion US$ Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Final bound 0.4 0.7 19.0 0 19.7 30.9 23.8 0 5.5
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 10.5 25.8 38.3 0.1 10.8 10.6 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Part A.2 Tariffs and imports by product groups

Final bound duties MFN applied duties Imports
Product groups AVG Duty-free Max Binding AVG Duty-free Max Share Duty-free
in % in % in % in % in %
Animal products 30.5 2.7 60 100
Dairy products 31.2 0 40 100
Fruit, vegetables, plants 45.8 0 60 100
Coffee, tea 16.7 0 30 100
Cereals & preparations 36.2 0 60 100
Oilseeds, fats & oils 18.0 0 60 100
Sugars and confectionery 35.3 0 50 100
Beverages & tobacco 56.7 0 70 100
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100
Other agricultural products 22.7 0 60 100
Fish & fish products 6.9 0 30 100
Minerals & metals 11.7 11.6 40 97.0
Petroleum 13.3 0 15 100
Chemicals 6.4 1.1 40 92.2
Wood, paper, etc. 10.0 12.0 30 95.6
Textiles 15.2 0 40 95.5
Clothing 29.9 0 30 100
Leather, footwear, etc. 8.7 5.6 30 79.2
Non-electrical machinery 4.8 23.4 20 100
Electrical machinery 5.8 43.6 30 100
Transport equipment 6.9 26.6 50 91.6
Manufactures, n.e.s. 10.5 17.1 30 99.5
Part B Exports to major trading partners and duties faced

Bilateral imports Diversification MFN AVG of Pref. Duty-free imports
Major markets in million 95% trade in no. of traded TL margin TL Value
US$ HS 2-digit HS 6-digit Simple Weighted Weighted in % in %
1. India 2015 307 7 19 24.7 39.1 24.4 12.5 46.3
2. Pakistan 2015 281 4 12 9.8 10.1 0.8 2.8 14.7
3. European Union 2015 19 7 11 8.2 0.9 0.9 100.0 100.0
4. United Arab Emirates 2015 12 5 14 3.3 3.4 0.0 33.3 31.0
5. Russian Federation 2015 9 1 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
1. Pakistan 2015 109 6 8 14.2 5.0 0.7 1.1 0.0
2. United States of America 2015 13 6 11 4.0 0.2 0.2 80.7 99.1
3. European Union 2015 9 24 66 3.6 0.8 0.8 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 5 6 7 6.8 7.0 7.0 94.9 99.9

35
Albania
Albania

Simple average final bound 6.9 9.6 6.4 Binding coverage: Total 100
Simple average MFN applied 2016 3.8 7.6 3.1 Non-Ag 100
Trade weighted average 2015 3.4 6.6 2.8 Ag: Tariff quotas (in %) 0
Imports in billion US$ 2015 3.7 0.6 3.1 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 10.3 19.2 53.2 0.0 17.2 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 12.3 21.6 50.9 13.1 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 24.7 20.3 39.9 13.2 0 0 0 0 1.9
Final bound 33.4 31.0 18.3 2.0 15.3 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 57.4 18.7 14.2 9.6 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 65.2 10.1 16.8 7.9 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 9.4 0.1 20 100 7.9 4.2 15 2.1 1.6
Dairy products 10.0 0 15 100 9.9 0 15 0.4 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 11.8 0 20 100 10.3 0 15 2.2 0
Coffee, tea 14.2 0 20 100 10.9 8.3 15 1.2 34.6
Cereals & preparations 8.8 1.1 20 100 7.0 6.4 15 5.1 34.5
Oilseeds, fats & oils 2.8 67.5 10 100 2.3 67.5 10 1.4 88.4
Sugars and confectionery 7.2 0 10 100 5.4 5.9 10 0.9 0.0
Beverages & tobacco 13.6 26.5 20 100 9.4 27.1 15 2.5 22.8
Cotton 5.0 0 5 100 2.0 0 2 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 9.5 4.4 20 100 6.1 6.5 15 0.5 4.4
Fish & fish products 0.0 99.7 10 100 0.0 99.8 10 1.0 99.9
Minerals & metals 6.5 42.1 20 100 4.7 42.3 15 14.9 52.4
Petroleum 8.8 0 10 100 5.6 39.3 10 7.3 43.4
Chemicals 3.8 30.7 10 100 1.6 51.9 10 11.6 41.1
Wood, paper, etc. 0.4 95.8 20 100 0.3 95.6 15 4.8 98.5
Textiles 9.1 0.2 20 100 4.6 41.3 15 6.0 62.5
Clothing 17.5 0.2 18 100 0.0 100.0 0 5.8 99.8
Leather, footwear, etc. 13.8 3.4 20 100 8.7 25.8 15 5.9 69.0
Non-electrical machinery 3.7 29.5 10 100 0.5 89.1 10 7.6 79.4
Electrical machinery 4.6 39.3 10 100 3.1 56.6 10 6.6 50.7
Transport equipment 8.0 9.1 20 100 3.0 43.9 15 6.7 87.8
Manufactures, n.e.s. 10.2 30.3 20 100 7.4 30.2 15 5.5 76.6

1. European Union 2015 65 16 45 12.5 7.5 7.5 87.8 99.4
3. Serbia 2015 9 4 11 16.8 26.0 26.0 100.0 100.0
4. Senegal 2015 6 4 6 18.3 20.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Montenegro 2015 5 7 27 14.8 21.7 21.7 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 926 39 217 5.1 5.8 5.4 99.2 98.0
2. China 2015 128 9 13 14.7 1.2 0.0 3.8 91.2
3. Turkey 2015 47 14 28 8.0 17.1 17.1 100.0 100.0
4. The FYR of Macedonia 2015 40 19 32 9.2 5.7 5.7 100.0 100.0
5. Montenegro 2015 28 23 52 4.7 3.6 3.6 100.0 100.0

36
Algeria
Algeria

Summary Total Ag Non-Ag Non-WTO member
Simple average final bound Binding coverage: Total
Simple average MFN applied 2016 18.9 23.4 18.1 Non-Ag
Trade weighted average 2015 12.8 12.4 12.9 Ag: Tariff quotas (in %)
Imports in billion US$ 2015 51.8 10.0 41.8 Ag: Special safeguards (in % )
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 0.4 20.2 0 9.5 0 69.8 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0.0 65.6 0 8.1 0 26.2 0 0 0
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 1.6 23.1 0 37.5 0 37.8 0 0 0
Imports 2015 4.9 44.0 0 31.0 0 20.1 0 0 0

Animal products 27.9 0 30 0.7 0
Dairy products 22.7 0 30 2.3 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 25.5 0 30 2.0 0
Coffee, tea 26.5 0 30 0.9 0
Cereals & preparations 23.5 2.2 30 8.0 0.0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 18.9 1.1 30 2.7 0.2
Sugars and confectionery 23.8 0 30 1.5 0
Beverages & tobacco 26.8 0 30 1.0 0
Cotton 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 18.1 0.2 30 0.4 0.0
Fish & fish products 29.7 0.0 30 0.2 0.0
Minerals & metals 16.5 1.1 30 16.9 2.3
Petroleum 18.7 32.5 30 3.9 47.4
Chemicals 14.6 0.2 30 11.9 0.5
Wood, paper, etc. 19.4 0 30 3.7 0
Textiles 24.0 0.2 30 1.4 1.6
Clothing 30.0 0 30 0.8 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 19.0 0.6 30 1.6 0.2
Non-electrical machinery 9.0 0.1 30 18.0 0.3
Electrical machinery 17.7 0 30 9.4 0
Transport equipment 11.0 23.4 30 10.3 14.0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 21.0 6.9 30 2.4 5.4

1. European Union 2015 52 9 12 15.4 14.2 5.8 45.9 79.1
2. Turkey 2015 30 1 1 23.8 133.6 0.0 13.3 0.4
3. Tunisia 2015 26 4 4 27.3 4.2 4.2 100.0 100.0
4. Lebanese Republic 2014 23 1 1 5.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Niger 2015 10 4 6 16.5 17.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2015 20,843 3 7 3.6 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
2. United States of America 2015 2,901 1 2 1.4 0.0 0.0 98.0 100.0
3. Brazil 2015 1,813 1 3 1.2 0.0 0.0 76.9 100.0
4. Japan 2015 927 1 4 1.2 0.0 0.0 61.5 99.1
5. Korea, Republic of 2015 865 1 2 6.4 0.9 0.0 16.7 71.2

37
Angola
Angola

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 1.3 4.4 0 0 94.3 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0 26.5 21.8 0 9.6 42.1 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0 26.7 32.4 0 10.3 30.5 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0.2 58.0 19.8 0 10.3 11.7 0 0 0.0
Imports 2015 0.0 66.9 18.1 0 6.9 8.0 0 0 0

Animal products 53.4 0 55 100 16.6 0 50 5.5 0
Dairy products 55.0 0 55 100 9.1 0 20 0.8 0
Coffee, tea 55.0 0 55 100 25.8 0 50 0.2 0
Cereals & preparations 53.2 0 55 100 16.7 0 30 5.2 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 49.2 0 60 100 5.7 0 30 0.4 0
Sugars and confectionery 55.0 0 55 100 18.5 0 30 0.3 0
Beverages & tobacco 55.0 0 55 100 44.6 0 50 3.0 0
Cotton 55.0 0 55 100 10.4 0 20 0.1 0
Other agricultural products 55.1 0 60 100 8.5 0 50 0.3 0
Fish & fish products 60.0 0 60 100 25.4 0 50 1.6 0
Minerals & metals 60.4 0 80 100 10.9 0.8 50 18.1 0.2
Petroleum 63.3 0 80 100 7.7 0 20 1.2 0
Chemicals 60.0 0 60 100 5.5 0 50 9.6 0
Wood, paper, etc. 60.0 0 60 100 17.1 0 50 3.1 0
Textiles 60.4 0 80 100 9.5 0 50 1.5 0
Clothing 60.0 0 60 100 12.0 0 30 1.1 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 60.0 0 60 100 9.5 0 50 1.8 0
Non-electrical machinery 60.0 0 60 100 3.3 0 50 24.7 0
Electrical machinery 60.0 0 60 100 5.8 0 50 8.4 0
Transport equipment 60.0 0 60 100 6.8 0 50 7.8 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 60.0 0 60 100 10.4 0 50 3.7 0

1. European Union 2015 2 4 5 6.7 1.2 1.2 100.0 100.0
2. Sao Tome and Principe 2015 0 4 6 11.9 19.0 0.0 5.6 1.8
3. Namibia 2015 0 5 8 10.8 7.8 0.0 34.4 9.0
4. Chile 2015 0 1 1 6.0 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0
5. Mozambique 2015 0 2 5 15.0 18.5 11.5 83.3 53.2
1. China 2015 16,002 1 1 4.0 0.0 0.0 98.7 99.9
2. European Union 2015 7,786 2 2 3.1 0.0 0.0 99.9 100.0
4. India 2015 2,767 1 1 7.7 0.4 0.0 5.4 96.2
5. Chinese Taipei 2015 1,361 1 1 0.1 0.0 0.0 87.5 100.0

38
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda

Simple average MFN applied 2016 9.9 16.3 8.9 Non-Ag 95.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 85.2 14.1 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 24.5 23.8 2.1 4.1 16.2 29.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 14.7 11.7 2.1 2.2 45.4 23.9 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 92.1 2.0 1.0 0
MFN applied 2016 7.8 63.6 3.0 4.3 17.9 3.2 0.2 0 0.1
Imports 2015 3.1 32.7 6.2 12.6 33.4 11.9 0.0 0 0

Animal products 103.0 0 130 100 19.9 22.2 40 6.1 46.4
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.7 37.5 20 2.6 39.5
Fruit, vegetables, plants 114.1 0 220 100 21.3 17.9 40 4.7 4.5
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 18.4 0 40 0.7 0
Cereals & preparations 100.0 0 100 100 13.8 21.3 40 6.8 2.1
Oilseeds, fats & oils 101.4 0 156 98.8 18.2 19.0 40 0.8 0.8
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 98.6 0 100 100 6.8 57.0 40 1.2 29.5
Fish & fish products 100.0 0 100 0.9 23.0 17.0 40 1.8 25.6
Minerals & metals 51.8 0 120 100 6.8 17.1 30 11.3 1.7
Petroleum 102.7 0 120 100 4.5 37.2 25 0.8 19.0
Chemicals 50.5 0 190 100 6.5 4.0 20 11.0 3.4
Wood, paper, etc. 52.4 0 153 100 9.3 14.5 50 8.4 7.0
Textiles 50.2 0 113 100 7.2 2.1 30 3.1 0.6
Clothing 50.2 0 93 100 19.8 0 20 2.2 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 51.5 0 100 100 9.1 16.0 25 2.0 1.2
Non-electrical machinery 50.6 0 100 100 6.1 5.5 30 6.8 1.0
Electrical machinery 55.3 0 163 100 10.3 1.2 35 5.9 0.0
Transport equipment 57.5 0 143 100 9.6 9.2 35 10.8 2.3
Manufactures, n.e.s. 53.0 0 206 100 13.8 3.6 70 5.1 0.9

1. European Union 2015 15 1 2 5.0 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
2. Senegal 2015 12 1 1 18.8 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Australia 2015 1 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Haiti 2014 1 1 1 6.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 99.9
1. European Union 2015 14 11 15 2.8 2.5 2.5 100.0 100.0
2. Angola 2015 7 2 2 8.3 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Benin 2015 2 1 1 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Turkey 2015 2 1 2 2.3 0.0 0.0 50.0 99.7
5. Haiti 2014 1 4 5 9.9 5.0 0.0 8.1 26.8

39
Argentina
Argentina

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.1 3.8 0.4 0.4 6.8 88.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 7.4 7.2 56.2 13.9 13.2 2.1 0 0 0
Imports 2015 5.6 3.6 38.5 22.2 23.2 6.8 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0.1 0.3 1.4 19.8 78.3 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 5.3 14.7 12.9 27.0 24.9 15.2 0 0 0
Imports 2015 19.7 8.1 7.4 27.1 23.2 14.5 0 0 0

Animal products 26.5 0 35 100 8.3 6.5 16 0.1 21.9
Dairy products 35.0 0 35 100 18.3 0 28 0.0 0
Coffee, tea 34.2 0 35 100 14.3 0 35 0.5 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 34.6 0 35 100 8.5 10.8 35 0.2 3.2
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 6.4 0 8 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 34.5 0 35 100 10.4 3.9 16 0.3 0.3
Minerals & metals 33.8 0 35 100 10.1 7.2 35 15.8 48.8
Petroleum 33.6 0 35 100 0.1 97.2 6 4.2 98.4
Chemicals 21.4 0 35 100 8.2 1.4 35 18.9 10.6
Wood, paper, etc. 30.2 0 35 100 11.2 3.3 35 2.8 6.3
Textiles 34.9 0 35 100 23.3 0 35 2.6 0
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 35.0 0 35 0.5 0

1. European Union 2015 6,134 18 42 13.3 4.6 0.0 15.9 72.4
2. China 2015 5,005 5 7 13.5 4.6 0.0 12.6 0.2
3. Brazil 2015 2,654 14 42 11.9 13.4 13.4 100.0 100.0
4. India 2015 2,298 1 1 48.7 0.4 0.0 13.5 98.8
5. Viet Nam 2015 2,093 3 3 12.5 7.8 0.0 29.7 68.9
1. Brazil 2015 7,630 34 174 14.8 23.8 23.8 99.9 99.8
2. European Union 2015 2,308 31 134 4.4 4.7 0.0 20.3 39.0
4. Chile 2015 1,277 48 392 6.0 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0
5. Paraguay 2015 1,275 34 232 10.7 5.1 4.5 99.0 93.8

40
Armenia
Armenia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.4 0.5 1.1 97.1 0 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 11.3 37.3 20.4 30.1 0.4 0.0 0.4 0 21.7
Imports 2015 21.4 25.3 26.4 17.2 1.6 6.5 1.5 0.1 35.9
Final bound 41.7 7.1 7.1 44.1 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 24.1 37.4 22.1 13.8 2.6 0 0 0 7.2
Imports 2015 59.7 15.6 17.7 6.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0 5.3

Animal products 14.9 0 15 100 11.7 14.8 80 2.1 6.7
Dairy products 15.0 0 15 100 13.9 0 18 1.0 0
Coffee, tea 14.2 0 15 100 5.5 20.8 15 2.2 39.5
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.2 45.8 15 100 7.2 13.9 20 27.1 77.9
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 100 3.9 22.6 5 6.7 61.6
Chemicals 0.3 96.4 15 100 4.2 24.1 13 11.5 61.8
Wood, paper, etc. 3.4 75.5 15 100 8.3 10.0 16 4.2 21.9
Textiles 9.2 5.1 15 100 6.8 14.4 18 3.1 49.5
Clothing 15.0 0 15 100 7.4 0 18 2.8 0

2. Georgia 2015 21 17 46 10.5 7.2 7.2 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 9 8 23 16.0 7.3 7.1 76.5 95.1
5. Belarus 2015 5 2 2 7.5 12.8 12.8 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 291 6 8 4.4 2.2 2.0 99.9 94.6
2. China 2015 208 1 2 10.4 0.5 0.0 5.3 96.9
3. Georgia 2015 154 14 26 1.4 0.5 0.5 100.0 100.0
4. Canada 2015 111 1 2 5.3 0.4 0.0 62.8 97.8

41
Australia
Australia

Trade weighted average 2015 4.0 2.4 4.1 Ag: Tariff quotas (in %) 0.9
Imports in billion US$ 2015 193.8 12.0 181.8 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 0.9
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 31.3 43.8 17.4 4.0 3.2 0.4 0 0 1.7
MFN applied 2016 77.0 22.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.9
Imports 2015 51.8 44.7 0.2 3.3 0.0 0 0 0 3.5
Final bound 18.8 18.3 27.3 17.4 7.7 4.7 2.4 0 0.2
MFN applied 2016 45.9 54.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Imports 2015 44.3 55.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Animal products 1.5 69.2 16 100 0.4 92.8 5 0.3 90.5
Dairy products 3.7 20.0 19 100 3.1 76.2 19 0.3 36.8
Fruit, vegetables, plants 3.7 24.1 29 100 1.4 71.1 5 1.0 54.6
Coffee, tea 3.9 50.0 17 100 1.0 79.2 5 0.7 67.0
Cotton 1.2 40.0 2 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 6.7 21.9 45 97.7 2.7 45.4 5 11.8 38.2
Petroleum 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 10.6 100.0
Chemicals 9.1 8.5 55 100 1.8 63.6 5 10.7 52.3
Wood, paper, etc. 6.9 26.2 25 100 3.3 33.4 5 4.2 15.3
Textiles 18.2 13.4 55 90.0 4.2 16.2 5 2.2 10.9
Clothing 41.4 6.7 55 94.1 4.6 8.1 5 3.2 2.4
Leather, footwear, etc. 15.2 9.9 55 85.5 4.1 17.0 5 2.6 2.5
Non-electrical machinery 8.5 17.3 50 95.8 2.9 42.9 5 16.6 43.1
Electrical machinery 11.0 26.1 45 98.4 2.9 41.8 5 10.2 57.3
Transport equipment 12.5 10.2 40 99.2 4.8 34.0 176 13.9 8.7
Manufactures, n.e.s. 6.1 33.0 40 98.4 1.3 73.1 5 7.1 70.1

1. China 2015 7,979 15 32 14.7 17.3 1.2 7.5 6.5
3. Japan 2015 3,734 21 51 19.8 22.7 5.4 50.2 35.2
4. Indonesia 2015 2,807 28 226 8.9 7.7 0.0 7.3 10.7
5. Korea, Republic of 2015 2,464 15 34 61.0 43.4 7.4 12.3 36.7
1. China 2015 65,531 9 24 8.8 0.5 0.0 10.6 88.3
2. Japan 2015 31,016 7 17 2.2 0.1 0.0 89.8 99.3
4. India 2015 7,739 13 26 8.7 2.8 0.0 5.0 53.1
5. European Union 2015 7,655 45 345 4.4 0.4 0.0 21.0 89.4

42
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 2.1 14.4 2.5 78.3 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.4 5.7
Imports 2015 34.9 33.2 0.8 27.5 2.8 0.8 0 0.1 25.8
Final bound
MFN applied 2015 3.2 44.6 6.1 45.8 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4
Imports 2015 6.7 38.7 25.6 25.3 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8

Animal products 13.9 3.8 15 0.9 43.4
Fruit, vegetables, plants 13.3 0.5 15 1.0 0.0
Coffee, tea 14.6 0 15 0.6 0
Sugars and confectionery 12.8 8.8 15 1.7 77.3
Cotton 13.0 0 15 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 11.8 0 15 0.1 0
Minerals & metals 8.4 2.7 15 25.7 3.2
Petroleum 10.7 21.8 15 1.6 8.6
Chemicals 4.5 3.9 15 9.4 34.0
Wood, paper, etc. 10.9 0 15 4.9 0
Textiles 12.3 0.2 230 0.7 0.4
Clothing 15.0 0 15 0.9 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 12.1 0 28 0.8 0
Electrical machinery 8.7 3.6 15 8.8 3.8

2. European Union 2015 72 2 2 15.6 3.7 0.0 7.7 1.2
3. Georgia 2015 18 14 28 8.7 8.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
4. Kazakhstan 2015 8 7 14 12.5 39.7 39.7 100.0 100.0
5. Ukraine 2015 8 4 6 8.7 9.3 9.3 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 11,719 1 1 3.1 0.0 0.0 31.7 99.4
2. Indonesia 2015 1,284 1 1 6.8 0.0 0.0 27.3 100.0
3. Georgia 2015 521 7 16 1.1 0.4 0.4 100.0 100.0
5. Thailand 2015 376 1 1 12.6 0.0 0.0 25.9 100.0

43
Bahamas
Bahamas

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 28.8 17.8 6.0 0 9.5 35.9 1.0 0.1 1.1
Imports 2015 43.0 17.7 1.8 0 8.2 19.2 3.9 0.9 6.2
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 9.2 2.5 2.2 0 8.9 76.7 0.5 0 0.0
Imports 2015 43.2 4.4 3.8 0 5.9 41.2 1.4 0 0.0

Animal products 13.4 34.2 40 4.5 54.8
Dairy products 5.7 42.9 35 1.4 31.7
Coffee, tea 14.0 64.6 40 0.4 61.3
Beverages & tobacco 24.4 26.8 246 3.8 7.2
Cotton 45.0 0 45 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 37.3 10.7 45 11.1 29.0
Petroleum 0.0 100.0 0 16.7 100.0
Chemicals 41.1 3.9 100 12.4 26.9
Wood, paper, etc. 31.6 14.5 60 8.1 29.1
Textiles 37.1 1.9 45 1.9 10.2
Clothing 19.3 3.4 35 1.8 16.7

1. European Union 2015 3 3 4 6.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Haiti 2014 2 3 3 9.4 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Mexico 2015 1 1 1 20.1 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. Dominican Republic 2015 352 1 1 13.8 0.0 0.0 22.0 100.0
3. Namibia 2015 167 1 1 10.8 0.0 0.0 40.0 99.7
4. European Union 2015 94 11 15 3.2 5.9 5.9 100.0 100.0
5. India 2015 77 1 1 7.0 10.0 0.0 15.8 0.0

44
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Bahrain, Kingdom of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 96.2 1.4 2.3 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 23.4 68.7 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.7 7.9
Imports 2015 34.5 52.0 0 0 0 0 0.1 10.2 13.5
Final bound 2.5 0 0 0 0 66.1 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 8.2 91.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2015 17.0 83.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 35.0 0 35 100 2.8 36.5 5 2.7 50.1
Dairy products 35.0 0 35 100 5.0 0 5 2.0 0
Coffee, tea 35.0 0 35 100 3.1 37.5 5 0.5 18.5
Beverages & tobacco 100.1 0 200 100 42.2 0.7 200 2.7 0.0
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 5.0 0 5 0.2 0
Minerals & metals 34.9 0.3 35 70.9 4.9 2.3 5 19.9 12.7
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 60.0 5.0 0 5 0.7 0
Chemicals 34.8 0.6 35 19.4 4.4 11.0 5 13.9 17.9
Wood, paper, etc. 37.6 0 100 29.1 4.7 5.2 5 3.4 7.0
Textiles 35.0 0 35 98.0 5.0 0.2 5 1.9 1.2
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 5.0 0 5 2.4 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 35.0 0 35 36.5 5.0 0 5 1.5 0

1. Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2015 229 4 4 9.9 4.5 4.5 100.0 100.0
2. Kuwait, the State of 2015 129 3 6 4.3 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
4. Qatar 2015 46 7 9 4.3 3.7 3.7 100.0 100.0
5. Oman 2015 14 2 2 12.5 127.0 127.0 100.0 100.0
1. Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2015 1,693 17 48 4.7 4.9 4.9 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 761 12 20 3.7 2.6 0.0 24.2 50.2

45
Bangladesh
Bangladesh

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0.7 0.2 3.8 0 95.2 0
MFN applied 2016 10.4 13.2 18.7 0 57.7 0 0 0 0.7
Imports 2015 56.4 5.4 15.9 0 22.3 0 0 0 8.0
Final bound 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.8 1.5 0 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 3.4 31.3 26.3 0.1 38.9 0 0 0 0.5
Imports 2015 6.6 29.8 22.2 0.5 38.6 0 0 0 7.4

Animal products 194.4 0 200 100 19.3 7.7 25 0.0 2.1
Dairy products 157.5 0 200 100 23.5 0 25 0.6 0
Coffee, tea 187.5 0 200 100 21.3 0 25 0.1 0
Cotton 200.0 0 200 100 3.5 30.0 5 4.7 99.2
Minerals & metals 35.6 12.5 50 0.9 12.8 3.9 25 13.9 25.2
Petroleum - - - 0 15.7 0 25 9.9 0
Chemicals 47.4 0 200 2.8 9.9 5.7 25 9.0 8.8
Wood, paper, etc. 40.9 0 50 4.3 15.3 8.8 25 2.4 14.3
Textiles 37.5 0 50 0.6 19.4 0.3 25 18.0 0.1
Clothing - - - 0 24.4 0 25 1.8 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 3.0 0 3 0.6 14.7 0.6 25 1.3 0.9
Non-electrical machinery 48.6 0 125 5.7 3.9 1.1 25 10.1 0.1
Electrical machinery 26.5 0 50 0.8 12.9 0.5 25 4.8 1.4
Transport equipment 20.1 0 50 9.8 11.5 10.9 25 4.9 9.0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 22.1 0 50 5.9 12.4 3.9 25 2.1 1.2

1. India 2015 102 18 35 25.7 26.5 15.8 45.5 25.8
2. European Union 2015 83 15 43 15.0 9.5 9.5 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 16,678 14 88 6.1 11.7 11.7 100.0 100.0
3. Canada 2015 1,154 10 76 9.1 16.8 16.8 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2015 1,051 21 103 10.6 12.1 12.0 97.8 99.1
5. Turkey 2015 989 12 64 10.0 9.4 1.9 12.1 20.8

46
Barbados
Barbados

Trade weighted average Ag: Tariff quotas (in %) 17.0
Imports in billion US$ Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 17.4
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 81.1 18.7 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 93.5 3.7 0
MFN applied
Imports

Animal products 132.1 0 184 100
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100
Oilseeds, fats & oils 137.9 0 158 98.6
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100
Fish & fish products 100.0 0 100 1.6
Minerals & metals 72.8 0 158 100
Petroleum 140.4 0 158 100
Chemicals 70.4 0 122 100
Wood, paper, etc. 70.0 0 70 100
Textiles 70.0 0 70 100
Clothing 70.2 0 117 100
Leather, footwear, etc. 72.9 0 127 100
Non-electrical machinery 72.8 0 117 100
Electrical machinery 76.3 0 152 100
Transport equipment 97.6 0 247 100
Manufactures, n.e.s. 78.6 0 162 100

2. European Union 2015 16 3 6 9.1 8.4 8.4 100.0 100.0
3. Saint Lucia 2014 8 9 22 21.7 22.8 22.8 100.0 100.0
4. Canada 2015 8 3 4 5.5 5.4 5.3 94.4 99.8
5. Guyana 2015 4 8 13 29.8 29.0 29.0 100.0 100.0
2. Guyana 2015 24 8 13 12.9 13.7 13.7 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 19 2 2 2.4 3.8 0.0 68.0 7.3
4. Bahamas 2015 12 9 25 26.3 4.1 0.0 32.7 79.0
5. Jamaica 2015 12 9 14 9.0 8.5 8.5 100.0 100.0

47
Belarus
Belarus

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 9.0 39.6 17.6 25.8 3.3 0.9 3.4 0.3 24.0
Imports 2015 13.7 28.8 27.4 25.8 1.8 1.9 0.7 0.0 40.3
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 17.0 40.2 25.3 14.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3
Imports 2015 46.8 28.4 17.5 5.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.4

Animal products 25.7 14.8 80 0.3 28.6
Coffee, tea 6.0 20.8 14 0.8 11.3
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.7 7.6 20 20.9 53.9
Petroleum 4.3 13.6 5 21.3 65.5
Chemicals 5.0 9.6 13 11.7 10.5
Wood, paper, etc. 8.8 6.4 37 2.4 7.8
Textiles 8.0 0.6 18 2.1 3.1
Clothing 7.8 0 18 1.0 0

1. Russian Federation 2015 2,878 19 105 16.1 23.5 23.5 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 167 14 37 13.6 4.2 0.0 15.5 33.4
3. Kazakhstan 2015 99 14 44 17.4 24.3 24.3 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 42 4 5 19.3 9.2 0.0 3.0 0.0
5. Norway 2015 28 2 2 52.5 73.6 7.4 42.9 0.0
1. Russian Federation 2015 5,540 64 1,117 9.2 9.8 9.8 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 3,767 47 223 4.3 1.5 0.0 22.6 70.6
3. Ukraine 2015 2,442 34 98 4.3 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 968 5 5 7.9 1.6 0.0 17.9 3.0
5. Brazil 2015 513 1 1 15.5 0.1 0.0 12.5 99.7

48
Belize
Belize

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 83.6 15.7 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 12.6 34.0 1.6 3.5 12.1 32.3 1.4 2.4 3.6
Imports 2015 26.5 7.3 0.5 0.9 21.0 6.3 5.6 31.8 33.4
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 88.5 6.5 1.1 0
MFN applied 2016 9.0 62.7 3.0 3.8 16.6 4.8 0 0 0.0
Imports 2015 15.0 26.2 13.7 10.6 24.6 7.0 0 0 8.7

Animal products 104.1 0 110 100 29.5 9.0 45 0.9 12.2
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.7 37.5 20 1.7 52.6
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 16.6 4.2 40 0.8 5.1
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 50.2 0 110 100 7.4 17.0 50 13.0 25.2
Petroleum 66.7 0 70 100 2.4 56.1 25 9.8 30.1
Chemicals 50.1 0 100 100 6.1 11.4 35 9.9 19.4
Wood, paper, etc. 51.9 0 70 100 11.0 6.2 50 4.2 10.2
Textiles 50.9 0 70 100 7.3 0.4 30 3.4 0.4
Clothing 69.9 0 70 100 19.8 0 20 5.5 0

1. European Union 2015 143 4 4 14.9 38.1 38.1 100.0 100.0
3. Bangladesh 2015 20 1 1 7.6 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Bahrain, Kingdom of 2015 19 1 1 1.4 0.1 0.0 71.4 98.9
5. Jamaica 2015 11 3 8 19.7 32.3 32.3 100.0 100.0
2. Côte d'Ivoire 2015 24 1 8 10.7 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. European Union 2015 24 6 10 4.5 10.8 10.8 100.0 100.0
4. Thailand 2015 11 2 4 6.4 0.9 0.0 42.2 95.4
5. Mexico 2015 6 3 6 5.4 16.8 0.0 57.5 10.1

49
Benin
Benin

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.7 1.3 0 0.1 0 97.7 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0 27.0 19.2 0 41.7 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0 3.7 49.7 0 14.4 32.2 0 0 0
Final bound 0.8 11.8 6.6 5.2 3.9 1.2 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 1.8 39.8 21.9 0 36.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 6.9 31.9 33.5 0 25.3 2.5 0 0 0

Animal products 60.0 0 60 100 24.5 0 35 9.3 0
Dairy products 37.3 0 60 100 17.0 0 35 0.7 0
Coffee, tea 60.0 0 60 100 18.5 0 35 0.1 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 78.5 0 100 98.8 11.1 0 35 2.5 0
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 9.7 36.0 60 11.2 15.6 0 20 3.8 0
Minerals & metals 28.4 5.7 50 11.7 11.6 1.9 20 9.0 7.1
Petroleum 7.5 0 10 83.3 7.7 19.0 10 11.7 0.0
Chemicals 24.6 0 60 1.6 7.4 3.8 35 6.5 47.9
Wood, paper, etc. 5.0 0 5 4.4 11.3 5.1 20 1.5 8.9
Textiles 18.4 0 25 26.4 16.1 0.3 35 4.3 3.7
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.8 20.0 0 20 0.2 0
Non-electrical machinery 5.3 4.2 25 91.2 6.8 0 20 5.0 0

1. India 2015 208 2 2 18.1 0.5 0.0 25.0 98.3
2. Viet Nam 2015 101 2 2 2.5 1.8 0.0 50.0 63.5
3. Bangladesh 2015 42 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Indonesia 2015 33 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 19 2 2 15.6 19.1 18.6 71.4 54.4
2. India 2015 68 5 6 6.8 4.7 0.0 4.5 17.3
3. China 2015 59 2 4 1.3 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
4. Niger 2015 49 4 6 16.4 18.4 18.4 100.0 100.0
5. Switzerland 2015 41 1 1 2.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

50
Bhutan
Bhutan

Trade weighted average Ag: Tariff quotas (in %)
Imports in billion US$ Ag: Special safeguards (in % )
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 0 0 3.0 0 4.6 88.5 4.0 0 0
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2015 4.9 1.3 34.4 1.1 25.4 32.7 0.1 0 0
Imports

Animal products 30.0 0 30
Dairy products 50.0 0 50
Fruit, vegetables, plants 46.7 0 50
Coffee, tea 38.3 0 50
Cereals & preparations 38.4 0 50
Oilseeds, fats & oils 43.7 0 100
Sugars and confectionery 30.0 0 30
Beverages & tobacco 78.6 0 100
Cotton 20.0 0 20
Other agricultural products 33.9 0 50
Fish & fish products 30.0 0 30
Minerals & metals 21.8 0.8 30
Petroleum 20.0 0 20
Chemicals 13.1 3.5 50
Wood, paper, etc. 21.1 3.9 50
Textiles 24.4 0.3 50
Clothing 30.0 0 30
Leather, footwear, etc. 24.2 3.8 50
Non-electrical machinery 10.1 16.7 50
Electrical machinery 12.3 12.1 20
Transport equipment 17.3 15.0 100
Manufactures, n.e.s. 18.7 8.4 100

1. Bangladesh 2015 26 2 3 20.7 24.0 9.3 13.3 4.0
2. India 2015 9 6 14 66.5 29.0 29.0 100.0 100.0
3. Hong Kong, China 2015 0 2 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2015 0 2 2 1.4 2.8 2.8 100.0 100.0
5. Singapore 2015 0 4 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. India 2015 272 5 8 7.5 2.6 2.6 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 54 3 3 2.7 2.8 2.8 100.0 100.0
3. Bangladesh 2015 14 3 7 6.9 5.0 3.2 44.4 56.4
4. Nepal 2015 4 3 3 15.5 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

51
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
Bolivia, Plurinational State of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 1.8 9.6 47.7 20.2 20.1 0.5 0 0 0
Imports 2015 1.1 3.1 75.8 6.9 13.0 0 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 7.8 32.3 29.3 10.1 13.3 7.2 0 0 0
Imports 2015 14.0 17.2 60.5 4.4 1.9 1.9 0 0 0

Animal products 39.7 0 40 100 12.7 4.5 20 0.2 0.9
Dairy products 40.0 0 40 100 14.2 0 20 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 15.7 0 40 0.5 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 40.0 0 40 100 11.8 2.4 20 0.3 0
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 11.0 0 15 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 40.0 0 40 100 9.0 2.9 40 13.3 4.6
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 9.9 0 15 11.1 0
Chemicals 40.0 0 40 100 7.0 2.8 20 14.5 3.6
Wood, paper, etc. 40.0 0 40 100 14.2 2.0 40 3.9 4.5
Textiles 40.0 0 40 100 17.6 0 40 2.0 0
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 40.0 0 40 0.6 0

1. Colombia 2015 426 3 5 16.3 18.0 18.0 100.0 100.0
2. Peru 2015 346 8 15 3.4 1.3 1.3 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 232 12 17 9.1 4.2 4.1 74.7 98.9
4. Ecuador 2015 177 2 3 16.4 17.3 17.3 100.0 100.0
1. Brazil 2015 2,492 1 1 14.5 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
2. Argentina 2015 1,430 1 1 14.6 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 442 5 8 6.2 0.5 0.0 39.1 86.2
5. European Union 2015 422 9 19 4.4 0.3 0.2 99.6 98.6

52
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 37.2 29.1 10.9 4.9 6.7 9.1 1.8 0.2 21.5
Imports 2015 15.9 23.9 13.4 4.9 18.1 21.3 2.4 0.0 43.2
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 30.2 31.3 29.7 8.8 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.1
Imports 2015 30.6 26.8 32.2 10.4 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 23.3 18.8 114 2.6 2.1
Coffee, tea 6.1 43.8 27 1.7 4.7
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 4.9 36.9 47 16.1 32.6
Petroleum 2.6 72.9 10 9.3 83.3
Chemicals 3.2 52.6 20 14.1 37.2
Wood, paper, etc. 5.3 30.4 15 4.7 23.6
Textiles 8.9 4.4 15 5.2 6.0
Clothing 15.0 0 15 2.3 0

1. European Union 2015 180 25 140 14.6 9.5 7.8 86.5 94.1
2. Turkey 2015 175 5 10 59.6 116.1 39.0 88.9 60.2
3. Serbia 2015 65 19 55 22.4 20.3 20.3 100.0 100.0
4. Belarus 2015 62 2 16 8.8 7.1 1.8 4.3 16.5
1. European Union 2015 3,301 52 376 4.1 3.3 3.3 99.6 99.9
2. Serbia 2015 352 37 163 8.1 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
3. Montenegro 2015 105 42 271 4.1 2.8 2.8 100.0 100.0
4. Switzerland 2015 77 30 164 2.8 2.8 2.8 100.0 100.0
5. Turkey 2015 74 24 47 6.4 8.5 8.5 100.0 100.0

53
Botswana
Botswana

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 21.9 2.3 1.6 1.5 14.4 36.3 18.9 3.0 0
MFN applied 2016 46.1 11.2 13.7 6.6 15.9 6.0 0.3 0.2 13.8
Imports 2015 27.1 17.8 10.3 4.3 32.6 7.7 0.1 0.1 20.4
Final bound 13.0 5.2 21.3 20.1 19.8 14.0 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2016 63.5 2.3 5.7 8.0 13.2 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2015 69.0 11.8 1.9 3.4 11.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 11.3

Animal products 37.4 30.6 160 100 10.9 60.6 82 0.3 48.9
Dairy products 20.4 0 37 100 7.8 23.8 21 0.7 61.3
Coffee, tea 65.4 20.8 170 100 7.2 45.8 25 0.2 13.0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 44.9 5.7 81 98.8 7.6 20.5 20 0.6 1.1
Cotton 52.0 0 60 100 4.4 66.7 15 0.0 2.9
Fish & fish products 18.5 50.0 37 1.8 6.3 62.7 30 0.2 69.0
Minerals & metals 11.7 16.1 30 96.0 4.0 71.6 30 46.3 95.6
Petroleum - - - 0 0.5 55.6 15 10.1 2.4
Chemicals 12.4 6.3 30 99.6 2.3 83.2 20 6.4 58.7
Wood, paper, etc. 11.7 12.7 30 100 6.1 61.2 45 2.7 35.2
Textiles 22.2 3.1 30 99.1 16.8 18.1 156 0.9 14.9
Clothing 44.9 0 45 100 41.0 2.1 45 1.3 1.2

1. European Union 2015 43 1 2 25.7 45.6 45.6 100.0 100.0
2. South Africa 2015 42 7 12 10.7 25.8 25.8 100.0 100.0
3. Norway 2015 24 1 2 291.6 331.8 244.7 0.0 0.0
4. Zimbabwe 2015 7 12 20 38.4 51.2 51.2 100.0 100.0
5. Namibia 2015 1 14 54 10.6 19.2 19.2 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 1,624 1 2 3.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 542 1 2 7.1 9.8 0.0 6.7 0.0
4. South Africa 2015 383 27 90 9.0 5.1 5.1 100.0 100.0
5. Singapore 2015 312 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

54
Brazil
Brazil

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 2.7 0.0 0.4 1.1 7.1 74.9 13.7 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 7.2 7.1 57.4 14.1 13.4 0.9 0 0 0
Imports 2015 2.5 2.0 50.9 21.2 19.3 4.1 0 0 0
Final bound 0.7 0.1 0.6 2.1 23.7 72.7 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 4.9 14.5 13.0 27.9 25.7 13.9 0 0 0
Imports 2015 25.6 9.5 12.3 24.7 20.1 7.7 0 0 0

Animal products 37.8 5.4 55 100 8.3 6.5 16 0.2 1.7
Dairy products 48.8 0 55 100 18.3 0 28 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 34.1 0 35 100 13.3 0 20 0.2 0
Cotton 55.0 0 55 100 6.4 0 8 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 32.9 0.6 35 100 10.1 6.4 20 17.6 42.0
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 0.1 97.2 6 9.4 99.6
Chemicals 21.1 0.4 35 100 8.3 0.8 18 18.7 3.6
Wood, paper, etc. 28.4 2.6 35 100 10.8 2.9 18 1.4 6.5
Textiles 34.8 0 35 100 23.3 0 35 2.6 0
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 35.0 0 35 1.4 0

1. China 2015 19,858 5 6 15.6 5.9 0.2 4.0 0.6
2. European Union 2015 14,223 15 33 13.9 7.5 0.0 12.9 66.8
4. Japan 2015 3,038 12 16 15.3 6.5 1.1 37.5 55.9
1. China 2015 24,231 13 25 8.4 0.5 0.0 12.0 89.1
3. European Union 2015 18,075 51 364 4.3 1.1 0.0 22.6 75.1
4. Argentina 2015 12,578 53 611 15.1 16.4 16.4 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2015 4,469 15 23 4.1 0.3 0.2 79.8 97.6

55
Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 1.1 0 0 83.8 11.8 0.1 1.0 2.2
MFN applied 2016 98.5 1.4 0.1 0 0 0.0 0 0 1.1
Imports 2015 98.0 2.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4
Final bound 0 0 0 0 65.4 29.7 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 79.6 17.4 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.1 0 0.0 0.1
Imports 2015 71.9 26.2 0.1 0.2 1.6 0.0 0 0 6.7

Animal products 26.9 0 50 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.7 100.0
Dairy products 21.0 0 50 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.1 100.0
Coffee, tea 15.2 0 50 100 1.3 54.2 6 1.0 72.0
Beverages & tobacco 224.9 0 > 1000 67.3 0.0 100.0 0 1.7 100.0
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 20.3 0 40 98.2 0.3 96.2 20 19.0 99.5
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100 0.5 66.7 2 6.0 5.4
Chemicals 20.9 0 50 94.8 0.5 94.6 126 8.4 88.3
Wood, paper, etc. 25.9 0 40 97.2 1.6 68.0 5 3.2 58.6
Textiles 25.9 0 40 100 0.8 86.7 10 1.3 75.4
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.1 100.0

1. Malaysia 2015 0 13 29 3.2 4.9 4.9 100.0 100.0
2. Canada 2015 0 1 1 5.4 10.5 0.0 33.3 0.2
3. Egypt 2015 0 3 3 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. India 2015 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Hong Kong, China 2015 0 2 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Japan 2015 2,341 1 1 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Thailand 2015 708 1 1 12.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. India 2015 554 1 1 6.4 0.0 0.0 23.8 99.4
5. New Zealand 2015 367 1 1 4.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

56
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 0 97.8 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 0 27.0 19.2 0 41.7 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0 18.2 32.2 0 41.7 7.9 0 0 0
Final bound 0.8 11.8 6.6 5.2 3.9 0 1.4 0 0
MFN applied 2016 1.8 39.8 21.9 0 36.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 11.9 28.6 41.2 0 18.0 0.4 0 0 0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 24.5 0 35 0.0 0
Dairy products 60.1 0 100 100 17.0 0 35 0.7 0
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 18.5 0 35 0.8 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 5.9 11.5 16 5.8 11.6 1.9 20 16.6 17.6
Petroleum 7.5 0 10 83.3 7.7 19.0 10 24.1 0.0
Chemicals 37.6 0 100 1.8 7.4 3.8 35 12.6 50.4
Wood, paper, etc. 82.0 0 100 23.0 11.3 5.1 20 1.8 8.7
Textiles 18.4 0 25 26.4 16.1 0.3 35 1.2 7.5
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.8 20.0 0 20 0.4 0

1. Viet Nam 2015 72 2 2 8.8 0.4 0.0 50.0 91.8
2. European Union 2015 50 6 13 8.0 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0
3. Indonesia 2015 49 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Turkey 2015 44 1 1 15.5 0.5 0.0 20.0 96.0
5. Japan 2015 41 1 1 1.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Switzerland 2015 997 1 1 2.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 217 1 1 9.2 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Canada 2015 28 2 3 4.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 26 1 1 4.5 0.0 0.0 33.3 100.0
5. European Union 2015 10 19 35 3.3 1.1 1.1 100.0 100.0

57
Burundi
Burundi

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 2.9 0.5 0 0.3 0 2.1 94.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 15.5 0 16.1 0 64.2 0.8 2.6 0 1.2
Imports 2015 20.7 0 19.3 0 37.1 4.7 18.2 0 16.6
Final bound 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 5.8 0 1.4 0 0
MFN applied 2016 40.4 0 22.0 0 36.2 0.4 0.0 0 0.9
Imports 2015 63.5 0 10.3 0 24.9 1.4 0 0 0.9

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 23.1 7.7 25 0.6 14.1
Dairy products 21.4 78.6 100 100 51.7 0 60 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 97.9 2.1 100 100 19.6 16.7 25 0.0 0.0
Sugars and confectionery 83.8 5.9 100 100 40.0 0 100 1.3 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.9 0 18 2.1 10.6 35.9 35 14.1 32.0
Petroleum - - - 0 4.3 61.4 25 19.9 98.1
Chemicals 9.5 16.4 100 8.6 3.9 77.9 25 13.4 85.2
Wood, paper, etc. 19.4 0 20 9.5 14.0 25.6 25 4.1 19.4
Textiles 25.2 0 100 38.4 19.5 6.9 75 2.0 23.3
Clothing 19.7 0 20 8.2 25.2 0 50 1.9 0

1. European Union 2015 40 1 1 7.3 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
2. Pakistan 2015 18 1 1 8.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Rwanda 2015 4 9 22 22.6 23.9 23.9 100.0 100.0
5. Uganda 2015 1 2 2 15.0 14.2 14.2 100.0 100.0
2. Rwanda 2015 5 12 23 17.9 21.9 21.9 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 2 2 3 2.7 0.4 0.4 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2015 2 2 3 2.5 1.8 1.8 100.0 100.0
5. Uganda 2015 2 3 7 7.5 5.6 5.6 100.0 100.0

58
Cabo Verde
Cabo Verde

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 18.1 17.6 2.3 46.2 13.4 2.4 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 30.7 21.0 8.9 0 24.3 15.1 0 0 0
Imports 2015 10.3 41.0 5.4 0 16.3 27.0 0 0 0
Final bound 5.5 35.0 14.8 2.4 27.3 14.2 1.0 0 0
MFN applied 2015 47.2 14.1 9.7 0.0 14.1 14.9 0 0 0
Imports 2015 27.3 34.3 14.2 0.0 10.4 13.8 0 0 0

Animal products 23.9 0 35 100 17.7 9.3 50 4.1 0.8
Dairy products 18.1 0 25 100 8.0 0 20 5.1 0
Coffee, tea 30.6 0 55 100 25.2 0 50 0.6 0
Cotton 5.0 0 5 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 13.7 1.8 55 100 5.5 65.8 50 13.8 39.4
Petroleum 10.1 0 25 100 3.8 44.9 20 11.7 4.1
Chemicals 8.6 1.0 55 100 3.4 75.8 50 8.3 44.6
Wood, paper, etc. 16.0 6.2 55 99.6 10.8 25.4 50 5.5 19.1
Textiles 19.9 0 55 100 15.3 5.1 50 1.9 8.2
Clothing 36.7 0 45 100 34.1 0 40 0.8 0

2. European Union 2015 1 7 13 8.2 5.8 3.1 74.2 83.6
3. Nigeria 2014 0 2 2 9.3 8.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
4. Guyana 2015 0 1 1 40.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Japan 2015 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 70 8 15 4.6 16.8 16.8 100.0 100.0
2. Turkey 2015 3 2 4 32.0 4.1 0.0 60.0 94.9
3. Indonesia 2015 3 1 1 7.5 0.2 0.0 25.0 97.3
4. India 2015 3 4 4 5.6 4.9 0.0 11.1 8.0
5. Morocco 2015 2 1 2 21.3 11.2 11.1 75.0 100.0

59
Cambodia
Cambodia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 3.8 7.3 17.1 15.8 55.1 0.8 0 0
MFN applied 2016 14.3 0 37.6 22.8 0 25.3 0 0 0
Imports 2015 19.5 0 42.9 20.5 0 17.2 0 0 0
Final bound 1.0 0 28.5 29.2 17.1 24.3 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 16.0 0.0 44.0 32.5 0 7.5 0 0 0.0
Imports 2015 18.3 0.0 52.8 22.7 0 6.2 0 0 0.0

Animal products 30.7 0 40 100 26.7 8.8 35 0.2 41.1
Dairy products 35.7 0 40 100 20.9 0 35 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 36.6 0 40 100 26.7 0 35 0.1 0
Cotton 7.0 0 7 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 20.4 0 40 100 7.4 30.3 35 15.2 58.7
Petroleum 25.0 0 40 100 9.9 2.1 35 0.2 0
Chemicals 9.6 0 40 100 7.3 15.4 35 6.5 44.0
Wood, paper, etc. 25.1 0 35 100 9.8 4.0 35 3.0 0.9
Textiles 9.9 0 40 100 5.4 25.6 15 36.1 6.6
Clothing 17.5 0 20 100 14.2 0 15 0.8 0

1. Viet Nam 2015 414 4 5 13.6 4.9 4.6 87.1 96.1
2. Thailand 2015 225 3 3 36.6 38.3 38.3 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 202 3 5 10.2 19.8 19.8 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 112 5 6 19.8 43.0 12.8 89.1 36.8
5. Malaysia 2015 49 2 2 13.2 34.4 17.1 76.2 14.9
1. European Union 2015 4,309 9 82 6.3 11.9 11.9 99.9 100.0
3. Japan 2015 961 15 104 10.7 16.0 16.0 97.6 97.7
4. Canada 2015 805 10 77 10.2 17.0 17.0 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 555 17 87 13.2 11.1 11.0 99.1 98.9

60
Cameroon
Cameroon

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100
Minerals & metals - - - 0
Petroleum - - - 0
Chemicals 80.0 0 80 0.4
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0
Textiles 50.0 0 50 0.5
Clothing - - - 0
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0
Electrical machinery - - - 0
Transport equipment - - - 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. - - - 0

1. European Union 2015 807 3 5 9.2 6.8 6.8 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 79 2 2 11.3 18.6 17.7 2.8 45.3
3. Malaysia 2015 52 1 1 2.5 0.0 0.0 66.7 99.6
4. Singapore 2015 36 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Bangladesh 2015 33 1 1 2.5 0.0 0.0 50.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 1,172 5 14 3.6 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 703 2 5 5.6 0.1 0.0 45.2 99.1
3. India 2015 532 2 2 9.9 0.5 0.0 8.0 91.6
5. Viet Nam 2015 144 1 3 2.3 0.0 0.0 83.3 100.0

61
Canada
Canada

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 46.1 16.1 20.8 7.9 1.5 2.1 0.9 4.7 19.5
MFN applied 2016 59.6 9.0 16.2 6.0 1.1 2.0 0.9 5.1 12.2
Imports 2015 53.3 12.8 18.0 10.5 0.3 2.1 0.0 0.8 12.8
Final bound 38.1 7.5 39.3 7.9 6.8 0 0 0 0.3
MFN applied 2016 78.5 3.2 10.7 1.3 6.3 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 67.8 1.4 26.6 0.7 3.4 0 0 0 0

Animal products 27.0 46.1 368 100 23.5 66.0 368 0.8 58.9
Dairy products 218.5 0 314 100 248.9 0 314 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 7.4 55.0 265 100 10.4 76.4 265 0.7 67.2
Sugars and confectionery 4.3 7.8 13 100 3.5 34.3 13 0.2 41.9
Cotton 0.8 90.0 8 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 2.7 50.6 16 99.5 1.0 85.0 16 12.7 84.6
Petroleum 6.8 0 8 80.0 0.9 82.8 5 6.1 99.3
Chemicals 4.4 28.2 16 100 0.8 87.6 16 11.7 74.3
Wood, paper, etc. 1.5 78.4 16 100 0.9 87.6 18 4.7 81.0
Textiles 10.6 9.2 18 100 2.3 83.4 18 1.7 45.7
Clothing 17.2 0.9 18 100 16.5 5.4 18 2.2 2.7

2. China 2015 4,669 9 15 14.9 12.0 0.0 5.3 0.6
3. Japan 2015 3,342 15 31 15.8 8.1 0.0 32.8 65.7
4. European Union 2015 2,456 20 58 13.2 3.5 0.0 17.2 78.4
5. Mexico 2015 1,756 18 41 16.8 10.9 10.4 94.4 99.0
2. European Union 2015 25,564 54 547 4.6 1.0 0.0 21.6 79.8
3. China 2015 21,544 36 173 8.6 1.8 0.0 10.4 69.6
4. Mexico 2015 7,969 49 547 4.6 4.2 4.2 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2015 5,774 35 178 2.1 0.9 0.0 64.5 79.1

62
Central African Republic
Central African Republic

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.8 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 0.1 12.7 21.7 0.1 7.6 57.8 0 0 0.4
Imports 2015 6.9 30.5 8.0 6.7 0.9 46.9 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 1.7 54.3 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0.7 3.7 50.5 0.0 13.7 31.3 0 0 0.4
Imports 2015 2.0 10.5 35.5 0 8.6 43.4 0 0 0

Animal products 30.0 0 30 100 19.0 0 30 0.6 0
Dairy products 30.0 0 30 100 19.3 0 30 0.4 0
Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100 29.9 0 30 0.2 0
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 11.0 0 30 0 0
Fish & fish products 30.0 0 30 1.6 25.3 0 30 1.6 0
Minerals & metals 41.9 0 50 60.8 16.9 0 30 3.8 0
Petroleum 30.0 0 30 100 10.0 0 10 0.4 0
Chemicals 31.2 0 50 82.5 11.4 0 30 11.3 0
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 11.0 19.4 4.3 30 3.0 11.1
Textiles 40.8 0 50 1.0 19.5 0.2 30 2.8 0
Clothing - - - 0 30.0 0 30 0.1 0
Electrical machinery 37.2 0 50 92.7 16.9 0 30 10.6 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 49.8 0 50 86.0 22.1 0.8 30 25.2 0

1. Indonesia 2015 6 1 1 2.5 0.1 0.0 50.0 98.7
2. Yemen 2015 3 1 1 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. China 2015 1 2 2 13.3 18.3 17.9 83.3 58.3
5. Hong Kong, China 2015 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 25 1 3 6.9 0.0 0.0 93.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 13 2 7 2.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Morocco 2015 6 1 2 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Turkey 2015 3 1 2 0.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Thailand 2015 3 1 1 7.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 100.0

63
Chad
Chad

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0 11.2 22.3 0 8.2 58.0 0 0 0.5
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0.7 3.8 51.0 0.1 13.2 30.9 0 0 0.7
Imports

Animal products 80.0 0 80 100 20.0 0 30
Dairy products 80.0 0 80 100 20.0 0 30
Fruit, vegetables, plants 80.0 0 80 100 26.8 0 30
Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100 29.9 0 30
Cereals & preparations 80.0 0 80 100 19.6 0 30
Oilseeds, fats & oils 80.0 0 80 98.8 20.2 0 30
Sugars and confectionery 80.0 0 80 100 20.0 0 30
Beverages & tobacco 80.0 0 80 100 27.2 0 30
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100 10.0 0 10
Other agricultural products 80.0 0 80 100 16.0 0 30
Fish & fish products 80.0 0 80 0.9 24.4 0 30
Minerals & metals - - - 0 17.1 0 30
Petroleum - - - 0 10.0 0 10
Chemicals 80.0 0 80 0.4 11.5 0 30
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 19.4 4.5 30
Textiles - - - 0 19.7 0.2 30
Clothing - - - 0 30.0 0 30
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0 20.5 0.6 30
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0 12.3 0.4 30
Electrical machinery - - - 0 16.8 0 30
Transport equipment 75.0 0 75 9.2 15.5 9.2 30
Manufactures, n.e.s. - - - 0 22.0 0.8 30

1. Bangladesh 2015 26 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 25 2 2 9.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Turkey 2015 22 1 1 3.3 9.8 0.0 66.7 1.6
4. Viet Nam 2015 11 1 1 1.7 0.0 0.0 66.7 100.0
2. India 2015 310 1 1 6.3 0.0 0.0 25.0 100.0
3. Japan 2015 249 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2015 96 1 1 3.0 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 87 1 1 11.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

64
Chile
Chile

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 89.9 9.5 0.6 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Final bound 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 100.0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0.3 0 99.7 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 1.9 0 98.1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 1.8 0
Dairy products 29.2 0 32 100 6.0 0 6 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 0.5 0
Cotton 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 25.0 0.1 25 100 6.0 0 6 12.4 0
Petroleum 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 10.9 0
Chemicals 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 12.0 0
Wood, paper, etc. 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0.5 6 2.7 1.0
Textiles 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 2.7 0
Clothing 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 4.1 0
Non-electrical machinery 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0.2 6 13.4 0

2. European Union 2015 2,644 15 66 14.1 8.5 7.9 85.4 95.5
3. China 2015 1,562 6 17 16.4 12.2 11.8 97.4 98.8
4. Japan 2015 553 13 34 10.9 12.6 9.4 61.4 37.6
5. Mexico 2015 505 14 45 20.1 44.5 43.1 95.3 92.8
1. China 2015 16,877 5 9 9.7 0.2 0.1 97.9 99.5
3. European Union 2015 5,834 15 36 4.5 1.4 1.4 99.9 99.7
4. Japan 2015 5,440 7 17 2.9 0.9 0.7 73.8 81.8

65
China
China

Imports in billion US$ 2015 1,529.1 108.2 1,420.9 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 6.0 7.0 25.9 25.6 26.2 7.0 2.3 0 0
MFN applied 2016 7.2 6.9 26.4 24.5 25.6 6.6 2.7 0 0.3
Imports 2015 1.5 49.2 20.6 16.3 6.5 4.3 1.6 0 0.8
Final bound 6.6 18.5 47.1 14.5 12.0 1.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 6.9 18.8 47.0 14.9 11.1 1.2 0 0 0.3
Imports 2015 51.1 17.9 23.8 2.5 4.3 0.1 0 0 0.4

Animal products 14.9 10.4 25 100 14.2 13.4 25 0.5 6.4
Dairy products 12.2 0 20 100 12.3 0 20 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 14.9 0 32 100 14.9 0 32 0.1 0
Cotton 22.0 0 40 100 18.0 10.0 40 0.2 0
Minerals & metals 8.0 5.6 50 100 7.8 5.9 50 22.4 57.0
Petroleum 5.0 20.0 9 100 5.3 16.7 9 9.7 90.4
Chemicals 6.7 0.5 47 100 6.7 0.4 47 10.9 0.6
Wood, paper, etc. 5.0 22.3 20 100 4.5 35.7 20 3.0 84.6
Textiles 9.8 0.2 38 100 9.6 0 38 1.3 0
Clothing 16.1 0 25 100 16.0 0 25 0.3 0

1. Japan 2015 6,591 27 139 14.6 9.8 2.6 38.6 30.8
2. European Union 2015 5,511 29 157 11.9 7.3 0.0 16.2 50.2
3. Hong Kong, China 2015 4,623 25 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. United States of America 2015 468,188 65 1,191 4.0 3.0 0.0 39.0 56.5
2. European Union 2015 375,599 71 1,629 4.5 3.2 0.0 22.5 46.5
3. Hong Kong, China 2015 252,919 55 561 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2015 152,319 65 1,176 3.8 2.2 0.5 68.3 79.3
5. Korea, Republic of 2015 81,887 68 1,471 6.5 4.5 0.5 17.1 45.2

66
Colombia
Colombia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.6 74.2 24.9 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 5.8 13.6 28.6 43.0 6.0 0.0 3.0 0 0
Imports 2015 0.2 4.4 19.8 56.5 13.0 0.9 5.2 0 0
Final bound 2.4 0 0 0 0 97.5 0.1 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 58.1 9.9 11.1 14.7 3.2 3.0 0 0 6.3
Imports 2015 55.6 14.2 13.9 8.7 0 5.3 0 0 2.4

Animal products 97.4 0 209 100 20.8 0 80 0.5 0
Dairy products 136.7 0 159 100 43.5 0 98 0.2 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 72.7 0 178 100 12.7 2.1 60 1.1 0
Coffee, tea 70.0 0 70 100 12.8 0 15 0.2 0
Cotton 75.8 0 99 100 5.0 0 5 0.1 0
Minerals & metals 35.0 0.1 35 100 2.4 72.6 15 10.4 61.9
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 2.7 45.4 5 9.8 74.5
Chemicals 34.9 0.1 70 100 2.1 75.2 15 17.7 59.2
Wood, paper, etc. 35.0 0 35 100 5.5 53.2 15 2.8 33.3
Textiles 35.6 0 40 100 7.4 47.8 40 3.3 15.6
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 23.2 0 40 1.2 0

2. European Union 2015 2,303 8 20 14.1 11.0 9.9 93.5 98.0
3. Japan 2015 411 3 5 15.7 0.9 0.5 43.6 95.4
4. Canada 2015 341 9 17 3.9 2.2 2.2 98.6 99.5
5. Peru 2015 184 12 26 3.7 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 4,814 12 17 4.5 0.5 0.5 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 3,522 3 3 10.8 0.1 0.0 12.9 98.4
4. Ecuador 2015 1,621 49 578 11.4 11.7 11.7 100.0 100.0
5. Brazil 2015 1,164 28 60 15.1 6.6 6.3 89.3 96.7

67
Comoros
Comoros

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2015 22.5 21.2 0 0 56.3 0 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2015 10.7 13.8 0 0 75.4 0 0 0 0.1
Imports

Animal products 5.8 55.4 20
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0
Cereals & preparations 16.3 15.8 20
Oilseeds, fats & oils 6.1 66.7 20
Sugars and confectionery 15.0 25.0 20
Beverages & tobacco 18.5 4.3 20
Cotton 20.0 0 20
Other agricultural products 18.1 9.3 20
Fish & fish products 3.0 84.3 20
Petroleum 7.6 32.0 20
Clothing 20.0 0 20
Leather, footwear, etc. 12.5 0 20

1. India 2015 15 1 1 20.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. European Union 2015 12 2 3 14.4 3.8 3.8 100.0 100.0
4. Singapore 2015 2 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Mauritius 2015 2 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Turkey 2015 1 1 1 3.2 0.0 0.0 66.7 99.9
5. European Union 2015 0 10 18 5.6 2.2 2.2 100.0 100.0

68
Congo
Congo

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 3.0 26.3 19.9 0 39.7 11.1 0 0 0
Imports 2014 0.1 25.6 11.6 0 28.5 34.2 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0.7 1.6 0 0 1.1 0 0 0
MFN applied 2015 3.2 39.9 20.4 0 35.9 0.4 0 0 0.1
Imports 2014 3.8 47.8 19.6 0 28.1 0.7 0 0 0.0

Animal products 30.0 0 30 100 19.5 19.8 35 4.8 0.4
Dairy products 30.0 0 30 100 16.6 0 35 1.0 0
Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100 17.7 0 35 0.1 0
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 5.5 0 10 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 30.0 0 30 0.1 11.6 1.9 20 22.8 0.2
Petroleum - - - 0 6.2 16.7 10 2.4 0
Chemicals 15.0 0 30 1.3 7.4 3.9 35 9.1 29.7
Wood, paper, etc. 10.0 0 10 2.0 11.4 5.1 20 2.1 4.0
Textiles 30.0 0 30 1.4 16.1 0.3 35 1.2 2.2
Clothing 30.0 0 30 2.7 20.0 0 20 0.6 0
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0 12.3 0.5 20 1.4 0.2
Non-electrical machinery 10.0 0 10 4.2 6.9 0 20 17.4 0

1. European Union 2015 15 3 3 9.5 0.2 0.1 31.6 98.1
2. Morocco 2015 7 1 1 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. India 2015 2 1 1 15.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Central African Republic 2015 2 1 4 30.0 30.0 30.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 2,624 3 3 3.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 1,907 5 7 2.6 0.1 0.1 89.8 100.0
5. India 2015 199 5 9 6.0 2.8 0.0 5.0 46.9

69
Cook Islands
Cook Islands

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 93.7 0 0 0 1.4 0.1 1.5 3.2 4.1
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 99.2 0.0 0.0 0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.6
Imports

Animal products 0.0 100.0 0
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 4.1 91.5 75
Coffee, tea 0.0 100.0 0
Beverages & tobacco 297.0 39.7 > 1000
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0
Other agricultural products 0.0 100.0 0
Petroleum 167.7 73.3 > 1000
Textiles 0.0 99.7 0
Clothing 0.0 100.0 0

1. Japan 2015 0 2 2 24.5 23.6 12.5 50.0 41.9
2. China 2015 0 1 1 20.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. New Zealand 2015 0 2 4 3.8 2.5 2.5 100.0 100.0
4. Canada 2015 0 2 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Norway 2015 0 1 1 58.3 58.3 58.3 100.0 100.0
1. Japan 2015 11 1 2 3.2 3.5 0.0 25.0 0.2
2. Thailand 2015 2 2 2 6.4 0.0 0.0 27.3 99.4
3. European Union 2015 2 2 2 2.9 0.2 0.1 85.5 99.7
4. China 2015 2 1 1 8.4 10.0 0.0 30.0 0.3
5. Mauritius 2015 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

70
Costa Rica
Costa Rica

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 6.1 2.0 1.2 4.2 82.5 3.0 1.0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 30.2 10.6 9.8 40.9 0.1 5.8 2.1 0.5 0
Imports 2015 33.6 6.8 6.2 41.9 1.0 9.6 0.9 0.1 0
Final bound 2.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 3.5 92.4 1.0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 54.8 10.6 14.9 19.6 0 0.0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 65.3 7.8 8.8 18.1 0 0.0 0 0 0

Animal products 56.0 0 233 100 20.8 14.0 150 0.7 6.6
Dairy products 84.8 0 95 100 50.8 6.3 65 0.3 4.4
Coffee, tea 46.0 0 50 100 12.2 6.3 14 0.4 0.3
Cotton 45.0 0 45 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 43.0 0.1 60 100 3.0 66.9 14 12.6 60.6
Petroleum 43.5 0 45 100 6.5 34.5 14 7.9 92.3
Chemicals 43.6 0.1 55 100 1.8 79.9 14 18.3 56.6
Wood, paper, etc. 42.3 0 55 100 5.9 44.6 14 6.1 45.5
Textiles 45.1 0 70 100 7.6 13.4 14 2.3 23.7
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 13.9 0.6 14 1.8 0.3

1. European Union 2015 1,734 7 16 14.7 12.4 12.0 95.9 99.3
3. Nicaragua 2015 220 17 55 13.4 12.6 12.6 100.0 100.0
4. Guatemala 2015 219 14 37 10.7 13.4 13.4 98.6 100.0
5. Canada 2015 217 7 14 2.2 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 750 16 37 4.0 0.7 0.7 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 748 5 16 6.3 1.5 1.5 98.8 100.0
4. Mexico 2015 408 20 61 4.9 1.9 1.9 100.0 100.0
5. Hong Kong, China 2015 380 4 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

71
Côte d’Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.1 3.6 1.9 93.2 0.1 0 0.9 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0 27.0 18.9 0 42.3 11.7 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0 23.4 44.0 0 23.2 9.4 0 0 0
Final bound 0.8 10.9 5.7 2.9 2.7 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 1.8 39.8 21.8 0 36.2 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 25.9 30.6 25.4 0 17.9 0.2 0 0 0

Animal products 13.3 0 15 100 24.5 0 35 1.0 0
Dairy products 8.9 0 15 100 17.0 0 35 0.9 0
Coffee, tea 15.0 0 15 100 18.5 0 35 0.2 0
Cereals & preparations 14.5 1.1 15 100 13.6 0 35 8.6 0
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 5.5 13.0 16 5.1 11.6 1.9 20 14.8 14.9
Petroleum 7.8 0 10 83.3 7.7 19.0 10 21.5 76.5
Chemicals 15.4 0 20 1.4 7.4 3.8 35 13.1 21.8
Wood, paper, etc. 5.0 0 5 4.0 11.3 5.1 20 2.3 11.8
Textiles 19.7 0 20 15.4 16.1 0.3 35 2.0 1.4
Clothing 15.0 0 15 44.3 20.0 0 20 0.4 0

1. European Union 2015 3,631 5 11 11.3 4.2 4.2 100.0 100.0
3. Viet Nam 2015 449 2 2 9.4 4.6 0.0 37.5 14.1
4. India 2015 445 1 1 24.6 0.6 0.0 16.7 98.1
5. Turkey 2015 269 2 4 18.7 2.0 0.8 20.0 77.8
1. European Union 2015 1,068 8 18 4.0 3.4 3.4 100.0 100.0
2. Switzerland 2015 472 1 1 1.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Burkina Faso 2015 137 19 41 14.5 13.6 13.6 100.0 100.0
4. Malaysia 2015 130 1 2 2.1 0.0 0.0 83.3 100.0
5. India 2015 128 4 6 7.1 4.4 0.0 8.6 45.2

72
Cuba
Cuba

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 3.6 2.5 0.5 0 0.1 93.4 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 8.6 33.2 30.9 11.6 5.7 10.0 0 0 0
Imports 2014 11.6 25.8 33.7 17.8 5.9 5.3 0 0 0
Final bound 1.7 4.0 9.0 4.7 1.0 0.7 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 6.0 24.2 36.9 28.0 2.4 2.5 0 0 0
Imports 2014 33.6 36.0 18.2 8.8 1.5 1.9 0 0 0

Animal products 39.1 2.3 40 100 8.9 2.7 30 2.2 0.0
Dairy products 40.0 0 40 100 18.8 0 30 2.2 0
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 20.5 0 30 0.4 0
Cotton 16.0 60.0 40 100 1.6 60.0 5 0.0 43.7
Minerals & metals 3.8 35.4 36 10.6 7.7 8.1 30 7.7 19.5
Petroleum 3.0 0 3 83.3 2.5 16.7 3 42.5 57.7
Chemicals 6.3 14.2 40 15.0 9.4 3.0 30 9.0 9.3
Wood, paper, etc. 4.3 35.3 29 13.5 8.7 14.2 30 1.6 6.0
Textiles 18.4 17.0 36 9.1 14.0 2.1 30 1.3 1.0
Clothing 38.9 0 62 4.6 15.3 0 30 0.5 0

1. China 2015 218 1 1 26.3 49.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. European Union 2015 212 6 9 12.3 32.5 0.0 8.5 28.4
4. Hong Kong, China 2015 39 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Switzerland 2015 31 3 3 4.5 8.2 0.8 83.3 15.7
1. Canada 2015 215 2 2 4.4 0.0 0.0 55.3 99.2
2. European Union 2015 159 13 17 3.2 2.6 0.0 32.9 74.9
3. China 2015 112 4 4 3.2 0.9 0.0 52.9 89.5
4. Brazil 2015 47 1 1 8.6 5.9 5.9 50.0 100.0
5. Honduras 2015 23 1 1 4.4 0.0 0.0 62.5 100.0

73
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0.3 2.4 0 97.3 0 0
MFN applied 2015 1.5 20.5 57.5 0 20.5 0 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 0 0.8 0 0.3 3.5 0.5 94.8 0 0
MFN applied 2015 0.2 39.1 31.6 0 29.0 0 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 10.9 0 20
Dairy products 81.0 0 100 100 10.7 0 20
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 16.0 0 20
Cereals & preparations 86.7 0 100 100 9.6 12.6 20
Oilseeds, fats & oils 100.0 0 100 100 10.8 0 20
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5
Fish & fish products 94.3 0 100 100 12.0 0 20
Minerals & metals 99.4 0 100 100 10.8 0.2 20
Petroleum 100.0 0 100 100 7.1 3.8 10
Chemicals 97.3 0 100 100 7.7 0 20
Wood, paper, etc. 90.8 0 100 100 15.1 0.3 20
Textiles 99.9 0 100 100 12.8 0 20
Clothing 99.9 0 100 100 20.0 0 20
Leather, footwear, etc. 100.0 0 100 100 13.7 0 20
Non-electrical machinery 86.0 0 100 100 6.9 0 20
Electrical machinery 90.9 0 100 100 10.5 0 20
Transport equipment 88.1 0 100 100 8.8 0 20
Manufactures, n.e.s. 96.9 0 100 100 12.4 1.1 20

1. European Union 2015 36 6 6 10.3 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 9 2 2 22.5 20.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Rwanda 2015 7 4 6 25.1 4.5 0.0 5.6 80.1
5. Angola 2015 4 2 3 22.6 49.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. China 2015 2,627 4 6 1.8 0.0 0.0 81.1 99.9
2. Zambia 2015 953 3 4 11.8 1.2 1.2 98.1 100.0
4. European Union 2015 472 4 9 3.2 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0

74
Djibouti
Djibouti

Simple average MFN applied Non-Ag 100
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.3 0 0 0 94.0 1.0 4.7 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0.0 0 0.4 0 0 99.5 0.0 0.0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100
Petroleum 68.0 27.8 230 100
Chemicals 40.1 0 200 100
Wood, paper, etc. 40.0 0 40 100
Textiles 40.0 0 40 100
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100

2. European Union 2015 12 5 5 3.9 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0
3. Egypt 2015 5 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Yemen 2015 3 4 5 6.4 4.2 0.0 14.3 49.9
5. South Africa 2015 2 2 2 5.0 8.5 0.0 50.0 15.4
3. Yemen 2015 4 1 1 8.3 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. European Union 2015 3 10 20 3.9 2.3 2.2 99.5 99.8
5. Egypt 2015 2 1 1 17.1 29.8 29.8 100.0 100.0

75
Dominica
Dominica

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 73.3 25.8 0
MFN applied 2016 24.4 23.2 1.5 3.9 14.7 27.4 2.0 2.9 0
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 93.3 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 23.9 47.6 4.1 4.2 16.6 3.4 0.1 0.1 0
Imports

Animal products 116.5 0 150 100 18.9 8.7 40
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.7 37.5 20
Fruit, vegetables, plants 111.3 0 150 100 27.3 14.9 150
Coffee, tea 118.8 0 150 100 28.1 12.5 135
Oilseeds, fats & oils 120.8 0 150 98.6 19.0 47.1 40
Beverages & tobacco 125.5 0 150 100 61.9 6.5 150
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0
Other agricultural products 103.7 0 150 100 7.3 48.9 40
Fish & fish products 100.0 0 100 1.6 28.8 17.5 40
Minerals & metals 50.0 0 50 97.4 6.4 21.0 35
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100 2.3 84.9 20
Chemicals 50.0 0 100 92.8 6.6 19.5 165
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 85.4 9.2 22.7 40
Textiles 50.0 0 50 99.5 6.0 26.1 30
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100 19.6 0 20
Leather, footwear, etc. 50.0 0 50 83.0 8.4 25.8 20
Non-electrical machinery 50.0 0 50 99.6 2.9 64.6 60
Electrical machinery 50.0 0 50 100 9.2 5.7 30
Transport equipment 50.0 0 50 100 8.8 17.9 40
Manufactures, n.e.s. 50.0 0 50 97.4 12.2 10.7 45

1. Bahamas 2015 2 4 9 17.8 8.8 0.0 38.9 62.1
2. Antigua and Barbuda 2015 1 6 18 30.8 36.9 36.9 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 1 10 21 13.4 5.7 5.7 100.0 100.0
4. Belize 2015 1 1 1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1. Bahamas 2015 45 1 1 20.3 0.3 0.0 45.5 98.6
3. Jamaica 2015 6 3 5 11.6 36.9 36.9 100.0 100.0
4. Guyana 2015 3 3 4 14.4 12.5 12.5 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 3 7 12 3.8 2.0 2.0 99.0 100.0

76
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.1 0.9 0.1 2.3 93.8 2.8 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 32.6 0.7 9.1 5.1 49.3 3.2 0 0 0
Imports 2015 37.4 0.7 4.1 13.8 41.7 2.3 0 0 0
Final bound 2.8 0 8.6 0.7 9.1 78.8 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 59.0 4.7 5.0 6.0 25.2 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 58.2 3.1 3.2 9.3 26.1 0 0 0 0

Animal products 39.4 0 99 100 19.5 11.7 40 1.0 1.9
Dairy products 42.4 0 56 100 18.6 4.8 20 1.0 0.4
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 18.1 2.1 20 0.5 0
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 35.6 0.1 40 100 5.8 57.8 20 14.9 48.2
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 9.3 29.2 14 12.2 95.8
Chemicals 21.7 0.1 40 100 2.8 78.8 20 14.9 63.2
Wood, paper, etc. 36.9 0 40 100 6.3 62.3 20 5.1 52.6
Textiles 38.8 0 40 100 4.0 74.6 20 6.2 74.5
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 19.9 0 20 1.4 0

2. European Union 2015 625 6 13 14.2 11.6 11.6 100.0 100.0
3. Haiti 2014 93 15 37 9.6 9.2 0.0 18.3 3.7
4. Canada 2015 50 8 19 2.6 1.0 0.0 62.0 82.7
5. Switzerland 2015 22 5 12 15.4 8.4 0.4 56.1 19.7
2. Canada 2015 749 10 20 5.9 0.7 0.0 51.5 95.1
3. Haiti 2014 590 39 166 5.4 5.6 0.0 31.7 21.9
4. India 2015 464 1 2 7.5 9.9 0.0 10.6 0.2
5. European Union 2015 265 34 87 4.5 2.6 2.6 100.0 100.0

77
Ecuador
Ecuador

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 2.3 1.0 9.4 50.7 34.1 2.5 0 0
MFN applied 2016 22.7 3.2 5.6 10.0 35.7 20.6 2.2 0 1.4
Imports 2015 10.3 5.2 18.7 27.1 30.3 8.4 0.1 0 1.1
Final bound 0 1.8 16.7 12.7 44.0 24.8 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 36.5 13.9 5.5 11.5 15.8 16.8 0 0 6.7
Imports 2015 44.7 19.8 7.1 9.0 10.1 8.8 0.4 0.0 3.3

Animal products 29.3 0 86 100 28.2 9.0 85 0.2 56.1
Dairy products 40.7 0 72 100 32.8 0 54 0.0 0
Coffee, tea 26.9 0 30 100 24.5 0 30 0.3 0
Cotton 18.0 0 20 100 4.0 40.0 10 0.1 2.9
Minerals & metals 20.3 0 30 100 7.5 54.5 30 20.2 79.1
Petroleum 13.6 0 25 100 4.0 59.3 10 9.9 95.4
Chemicals 11.2 0 20 100 3.3 74.4 20 17.4 47.0
Wood, paper, etc. 23.1 0 30 100 14.2 16.0 30 2.6 44.7
Textiles 27.8 0 30 100 18.2 9.9 30 2.6 17.0
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 25.4 0 30 1.3 0

1. European Union 2015 1,613 9 20 14.5 14.2 14.2 84.5 99.8
4. China 2015 247 2 2 17.3 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Argentina 2015 201 4 7 13.6 11.1 11.1 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 1,237 11 17 5.3 15.8 14.3 99.7 49.4
3. Chile 2015 1,048 5 5 6.0 6.0 6.0 99.2 99.2
4. China 2015 991 6 8 8.1 1.2 0.0 20.3 74.4
5. Peru 2015 916 22 45 3.8 1.0 1.0 100.0 100.0

78
Egypt
Egypt

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 10.6 18.3 2.1 17.3 24.0 25.1 2.4 1.6
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 15.9 44.1 10.8 0.3 13.8 13.0 0.1 2.1 1.3
Imports 2015 63.8 21.8 3.5 0.7 3.7 5.8 0.5 0.2 2.9
Final bound 2.2 11.9 9.8 4.3 23.1 34.9 12.8 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 11.1 50.3 18.8 0 3.6 16.0 0 0.1 0
Imports 2015 23.0 47.3 12.0 0 2.5 14.8 0 0.3 0

Animal products 44.2 0 80 100 15.0 21.6 30 3.0 74.0
Dairy products 23.3 0 60 100 6.1 26.0 20 1.0 78.4
Coffee, tea 36.9 0 60 100 10.5 20.8 30 0.7 15.9
Cereals & preparations 42.3 0 > 1000 100 12.9 21.9 > 1000 6.6 92.0
Beverages & tobacco 958.9 0 > 1000 100 803.0 0 > 1000 0.7 0
Cotton 5.0 0 5 100 4.0 20.0 5 0.2 96.3
Minerals & metals 31.1 0.1 60 99.7 8.5 8.3 40 16.7 27.0
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100 3.2 16.7 5 12.0 19.8
Chemicals 18.9 0.1 80 100 6.1 10.1 > 1000 12.7 34.9
Wood, paper, etc. 36.5 0 60 100 13.1 6.2 40 4.8 33.5
Textiles 27.7 0 60 100 11.5 3.9 40 4.2 9.4
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 38.4 0 40 1.6 0

1. European Union 2015 982 19 67 14.3 9.6 8.6 93.4 92.6
1. European Union 2015 6,768 43 204 4.4 2.9 2.9 100.0 100.0
4. Turkey 2015 1,165 34 119 5.7 6.4 6.4 99.6 100.0
5. India 2015 1,144 36 134 8.5 2.2 0.0 4.7 68.5

79
El Salvador
El Salvador

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 12.9 73.7 11.9 1.4 0
MFN applied 2015 28.5 10.3 10.7 39.0 1.6 9.7 0 0.2 0
Imports 2015 23.2 8.4 5.6 38.8 4.3 18.8 0 1.0 0
Final bound 2.8 0 0 0 14.6 82.0 0.6 0 0
MFN applied 2015 53.9 12.1 14.4 19.0 0.1 0.5 0 0 0
Imports 2015 46.8 21.8 13.0 17.2 0.8 0.4 0 0 0

Animal products 51.7 0 164 100 21.6 7.7 164 1.7 3.4
Dairy products 38.9 0 45 100 27.0 6.3 40 1.7 3.7
Coffee, tea 51.3 0 70 100 13.4 2.1 15 0.6 0.6
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.6 100.0
Minerals & metals 35.8 0.1 50 100 3.3 65.1 15 9.8 61.9
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 6.9 34.1 15 11.7 55.6
Chemicals 37.3 0.1 50 100 1.9 79.8 15 16.5 46.5
Wood, paper, etc. 35.2 0 70 100 6.2 44.8 15 4.8 46.6
Textiles 38.4 0 70 100 8.2 13.0 20 11.0 15.3
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 14.9 0.6 15 4.5 2.6

2. Guatemala 2015 238 13 37 11.5 13.5 13.5 100.0 100.0
3. Honduras 2015 128 12 27 12.6 14.9 14.9 98.4 100.0
4. European Union 2015 85 4 7 9.0 12.2 2.4 82.3 86.3
5. Nicaragua 2015 68 13 23 14.3 14.8 14.8 100.0 100.0
2. Guatemala 2015 665 50 351 6.3 8.5 8.5 100.0 100.0
3. Nicaragua 2015 240 36 137 7.8 9.4 9.4 100.0 100.0
4. Honduras 2015 239 31 144 8.4 9.7 9.7 100.0 100.0
5. Costa Rica 2015 207 37 152 7.2 9.9 9.9 100.0 100.0

80
Ethiopia
Ethiopia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 1.3 19.0 9.7 0 10.6 59.2 0 0 0.2
Imports 2015 0.3 47.6 6.3 0 4.3 16.4 0 0 25.0
Final bound
MFN applied 2015 5.0 25.5 20.5 0 22.4 26.5 0 0 0.1
Imports 2015 23.3 32.2 18.5 0 12.3 13.7 0 0 0.0

Animal products 22.1 3.0 30 0.0 10.8
Coffee, tea 28.8 0 35 0.0 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 16.2 0 30 3.1 0
Cotton 10.0 0 10 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 13.5 4.2 35 18.1 17.8
Petroleum 6.4 27.8 10 8.4 97.8
Chemicals 10.9 0.8 35 10.1 7.7
Wood, paper, etc. 12.0 20.2 35 2.1 11.7
Textiles 28.0 0.6 35 2.3 20.1
Clothing 35.0 0 35 2.1 0

1. European Union 2015 556 4 7 8.4 3.3 3.3 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 299 1 2 10.2 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2015 86 3 4 38.6 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0
1. Switzerland 2015 420 1 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 195 10 28 4.5 3.7 3.7 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 81 5 12 12.2 9.0 9.0 97.0 99.5

81
European Union
European Union

Imports in billion US$ 2015 1,721.6 122.0 1,599.6 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 23.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 31.4 10.7 17.4 14.1 11.7 9.2 2.7 0.7 31.7
MFN applied 2016 31.7 10.7 18.2 13.5 11.7 8.0 2.4 0.6 32.1
Imports 2015 44.5 12.5 15.9 9.0 8.5 5.0 1.5 0.0 20.3
Final bound 28.9 36.4 26.9 6.7 1.0 0.0 0 0 0.6
MFN applied 2016 26.4 37.6 27.1 7.3 1.5 0.1 0 0 0.6
Imports 2015 55.8 24.9 11.9 6.3 1.1 0.0 0 0 0.6

Animal products 16.2 24.3 104 100 15.7 28.4 104 0.4 17.9
Dairy products 37.4 0 105 100 35.4 0 96 0.0 0
Coffee, tea 6.1 27.1 23 100 6.1 27.1 23 1.1 73.3
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 1.9 50.0 12 100 2.0 50.2 12 15.2 67.6
Petroleum 3.1 20.0 5 100 2.5 33.7 5 14.6 98.3
Chemicals 4.5 21.9 7 100 4.5 22.3 13 11.5 51.8
Wood, paper, etc. 0.9 82.9 10 100 0.9 81.0 11 2.8 85.7
Textiles 6.6 3.1 12 100 6.5 2.1 12 2.5 16.1
Clothing 11.5 0 12 100 11.5 0 12 5.0 0

2. China 2015 12,981 28 94 15.2 9.2 0.0 8.3 5.6
3. Switzerland 2015 8,326 27 320 37.4 21.9 4.4 32.3 41.8
4. Japan 2015 7,452 30 141 21.2 14.4 0.0 23.9 33.6
2. China 2015 195,775 60 1,292 9.2 7.5 0.0 8.4 19.6
3. Switzerland 2015 154,244 65 1,350 1.9 0.9 0.9 99.0 99.9
4. Turkey 2015 74,911 67 1,556 4.6 4.2 4.2 99.4 100.0
5. Japan 2015 63,247 64 1,077 3.9 1.4 0.0 48.2 78.0

82
Fiji
Fiji

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.1 0 0 0.2 97.3 1.2 1.0 2.2
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 5.2 56.7 0.1 15.8 0.1 19.6 0.6 1.9 3.2
Imports 2015 29.5 14.6 0.4 23.9 0.0 26.2 2.7 2.7 7.5
Final bound 0 0 0.0 0 0 43.0 0.0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2015 4.6 66.8 0.0 13.3 0.2 14.9 0.1 0.1 1.6
Imports 2015 5.1 44.0 1.6 28.4 4.0 14.7 2.1 0.1 23.1

Animal products 40.0 0 40 100 17.4 5.4 32 1.3 0
Dairy products 40.3 0 46 100 26.3 3.2 32 1.5 14.2
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 13.9 0 32 0.5 0
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 40.0 0 40 44.2 7.6 3.5 37 9.3 5.5
Petroleum - - - 0 6.4 0 19 21.9 0
Chemicals 40.0 0 40 6.1 7.6 4.2 44 8.1 15.0
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 14.1 3.6 50 3.9 4.1
Textiles 40.0 0 40 79.1 8.4 0.8 38 4.0 1.3
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 31.1 0 32 1.3 0
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0 15.0 0 41 1.7 0
Transport equipment - - - 0 23.5 3.9 > 1000 11.3 1.1

2. European Union 2015 88 3 3 17.1 65.6 65.6 100.0 100.0
3. New Zealand 2015 21 12 30 2.2 2.1 2.1 100.0 100.0
4. Australia 2015 18 8 15 2.2 2.9 2.9 100.0 100.0
5. Tonga 2015 11 14 29 12.1 7.0 0.0 20.0 54.3
1. Australia 2015 122 15 62 3.7 2.7 2.7 99.7 100.0
3. Japan 2015 44 2 5 3.0 2.2 0.0 33.3 38.1
4. New Zealand 2015 20 31 141 4.4 5.4 5.4 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 18 2 2 7.9 0.2 0.0 21.8 98.0

83
Gabon
Gabon

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0.7 0 0 99.3 0 0
MFN applied 2016 2.1 10.3 22.2 0 8.2 57.2 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 99.0 0.0 0 0.9 0 0
MFN applied 2016 2.8 2.2 51.0 0 12.9 31.1 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 60.0 0 60 100 19.7 0 30
Dairy products 60.0 0 60 100 18.8 25.0 30
Coffee, tea 60.0 0 60 100 29.9 0 30
Oilseeds, fats & oils 59.4 0 60 100 18.9 5.5 30
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 10.0 0 10
Fish & fish products 15.7 0 60 100 22.6 8.9 30
Minerals & metals 15.4 0 60 100 17.0 0.1 30
Petroleum 15.0 0 15 100 10.0 0 10
Chemicals 15.2 0 60 100 11.3 4.8 30
Wood, paper, etc. 15.5 0 60 100 19.3 5.5 30
Textiles 15.0 0 15 100 19.7 0.3 30
Clothing 15.0 0 15 100 30.0 0 30
Leather, footwear, etc. 15.0 0 15 100 20.2 3.1 30
Non-electrical machinery 15.0 0 15 100 12.3 0.4 30

1. Morocco 2015 2 1 1 13.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Hong Kong, China 2015 0 2 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 0 3 3 4.3 4.0 0.0 26.9 19.4
4. Congo 2014 0 1 1 10.0 19.7 19.7 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2015 0 3 3 0.9 0.0 0.0 85.7 100.0
1. European Union 2015 1,728 4 6 2.8 0.5 0.0 33.7 93.1
2. China 2015 1,100 3 4 4.1 0.0 0.0 49.3 99.9
3. Australia 2015 446 1 1 3.9 0.0 0.0 22.2 100.0

84
The Gambia
The Gambia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 2.4 3.3 1.1 93.1 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 110.0 0 110 100
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100
Minerals & metals 42.3 0 50 1.4
Petroleum - - - 0
Chemicals 60.0 0 110 0.4
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0
Textiles - - - 0
Clothing - - - 0
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0
Electrical machinery - - - 0
Transport equipment 70.9 0 80 9.2
Manufactures, n.e.s. - - - 0

1. India 2015 28 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 13 4 6 8.9 4.3 4.3 100.0 100.0
3. Viet Nam 2015 12 1 1 10.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Senegal 2015 0 4 4 16.0 23.0 23.0 100.0 100.0
5. Mauritania 2014 0 2 2 8.7 1.9 0.0 33.3 85.6
1. China 2015 56 1 1 1.7 0.0 0.0 71.7 99.9
2. European Union 2015 6 5 12 6.7 8.2 8.2 100.0 100.0
3. India 2015 4 3 3 6.7 5.5 0.0 16.7 13.8
5. Viet Nam 2015 2 2 2 2.5 0.0 0.0 75.0 99.9

85
Georgia
Georgia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 8.0 1.5 7.1 69.7 11.1 2.3 0 0.3 2.6
MFN applied 2016 49.8 2.3 0.8 46.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 2.2
Imports 2015 36.0 9.0 1.1 53.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5
Final bound 24.4 19.8 22.6 32.9 0.3 0 0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2016 93.0 1.5 0 5.2 0 0 0 0 0.2
Imports 2015 84.8 2.8 0 5.3 0 0 0 0 7.1

Animal products 11.8 1.1 12 100 8.4 27.0 12 1.6 9.3
Dairy products 12.1 0 25 100 5.4 40.8 12 0.6 63.2
Coffee, tea 12.3 0 20 100 4.6 54.2 12 1.1 23.1
Cotton 9.0 0 12 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.0 31.9 20 100 2.2 81.5 12 19.6 87.0
Petroleum 12.0 0 12 100 0.0 100.0 0 9.2 100.0
Chemicals 6.3 7.9 12 100 0.7 90.1 12 17.3 78.3
Wood, paper, etc. 3.8 66.3 12 100 1.7 86.2 12 4.3 93.0
Textiles 8.2 0.2 12 100 0.0 99.3 5 2.2 93.5
Clothing 12.6 0 15 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.0 100.0

1. European Union 2015 207 7 14 12.3 4.0 4.0 100.0 100.0
3. Ukraine 2015 42 4 9 10.0 7.6 7.6 100.0 100.0
4. Kazakhstan 2015 33 5 10 12.8 17.2 17.2 100.0 100.0
5. Bangladesh 2015 29 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 565 16 26 3.7 2.0 2.0 100.0 100.0
2. Turkey 2015 217 21 39 5.3 9.6 8.9 98.8 85.9
4. Canada 2015 77 2 3 3.3 0.3 0.0 70.2 98.0
5. Azerbaijan 2015 54 9 17 9.6 7.8 7.8 100.0 100.0

86
Ghana
Ghana

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 4.2 95.7 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 0 26.6 18.8 0 42.5 12.0 0 0 0.1
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 2.0 39.7 21.8 0.0 36.1 0.4 0 0 0.1
Imports

Animal products 96.9 0 99 100 24.6 0 35
Dairy products 73.7 0 99 100 17.0 0 35
Coffee, tea 90.8 0 99 100 18.5 0 35
Cotton 99.0 0 99 100 5.0 0 5
Fish & fish products 99.0 0 99 0.9 15.6 0 20
Minerals & metals 32.1 0 40 2.1 11.6 2.2 20
Petroleum - - - 0 7.7 19.0 10
Chemicals 99.0 0 99 0.4 7.4 3.6 35
Wood, paper, etc. 40.7 0 50 5.6 11.3 5.1 20
Textiles 45.0 0 45 0.7 16.1 0.3 35
Clothing - - - 0 20.0 0 20
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0 12.3 1.3 20
Non-electrical machinery 30.0 0 30 1.7 6.7 1.3 20
Electrical machinery - - - 0 11.2 0.4 20
Transport equipment 32.1 0 35 5.9 7.5 3.1 20

1. European Union 2015 1,631 4 10 12.8 3.6 3.6 100.0 100.0
2. Malaysia 2015 270 2 2 1.7 0.1 0.0 83.3 99.3
4. Turkey 2015 154 1 4 19.3 4.7 1.8 16.7 47.3
5. Viet Nam 2015 116 1 1 8.9 5.0 0.0 11.1 0.2
1. India 2015 2,869 1 1 7.6 9.8 0.0 3.3 0.5
2. Switzerland 2015 1,296 1 1 2.2 0.0 0.0 78.4 100.0
3. European Union 2015 1,250 11 23 3.9 4.0 4.0 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 1,236 4 5 4.3 0.1 0.0 44.3 99.5

87
Grenada
Grenada

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.9 0 0 0 1.1 2.5 90.0 4.6 0
MFN applied 2016 11.9 34.1 1.7 3.8 13.4 35.2 0 0 0.5
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 4.0 66.0 3.2 4.0 17.2 5.6 0 0 0.2
Imports

Animal products 98.1 0 100 100 23.7 11.1 40
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.8 33.3 20
Coffee, tea 116.7 0 200 100 16.8 0 40
Cereals & preparations 92.7 0.6 100 100 14.1 18.5 40
Oilseeds, fats & oils 97.3 2.7 200 100 16.7 20.3 40
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5
Other agricultural products 100.9 8.0 200 100 9.3 17.8 40
Minerals & metals 50.0 0 50 100 7.5 4.8 35
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100 8.0 14.4 25
Chemicals 50.0 0 100 100 6.5 3.8 40
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 100 9.5 5.5 20
Textiles 50.0 0 50 100 7.2 0.5 30
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100 19.8 0 20

1. European Union 2015 5 4 8 15.1 0.9 0.9 100.0 100.0
3. Saint Lucia 2014 3 2 2 25.6 24.0 24.0 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2015 2 1 2 2.5 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
2. Malaysia 2015 3 1 1 2.5 0.0 0.0 50.0 99.9
3. Egypt 2015 2 2 2 25.9 28.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Nigeria 2014 1 1 1 15.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Saint Lucia 2014 1 16 22 18.8 14.9 14.9 100.0 100.0

88
Guatemala
Guatemala

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 1.4 0.8 2.1 82.8 4.2 8.7 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 28.4 10.3 11.2 46.2 2.6 1.3 0 0 0
Imports 2015 27.2 10.6 6.1 49.2 5.1 1.7 0 0 0
Final bound 2.3 0 1.7 2.5 8.9 84.4 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2015 55.1 10.6 14.9 19.4 0.0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 57.2 17.5 11.8 13.5 0.0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 72.3 0 257 100 12.0 7.7 15 1.4 6.7
Dairy products 90.6 0 103 100 13.4 6.3 15 1.0 6.5
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 13.4 2.1 15 0.4 1.9
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.3 100.0
Minerals & metals 40.9 0.1 50 100 3.3 66.9 15 12.5 61.5
Petroleum 45.0 0 45 100 7.0 34.1 15 11.5 53.7
Chemicals 38.4 0.1 50 100 1.9 79.6 15 17.9 50.7
Wood, paper, etc. 36.7 0 55 100 6.3 44.7 15 5.0 49.3
Textiles 44.6 0 50 100 8.2 13.2 15 6.6 12.4
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 14.9 0.6 15 1.7 7.8

2. European Union 2015 650 12 25 12.2 8.4 5.4 97.8 95.5
3. El Salvador 2015 371 20 75 13.6 19.8 19.8 99.7 99.7
4. Canada 2015 350 7 15 7.2 0.1 0.0 70.2 99.4
5. Honduras 2015 249 13 47 11.9 14.1 14.1 100.0 100.0
2. El Salvador 2015 626 42 257 7.3 8.3 8.3 100.0 100.0
3. Honduras 2015 421 41 209 7.7 9.7 9.7 100.0 100.0
4. Costa Rica 2015 312 41 267 6.4 8.1 8.1 100.0 100.0
5. Nicaragua 2015 306 36 175 7.2 8.5 8.5 100.0 100.0

89
Guinea
Guinea

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 96.9 0.9 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0.8 11.9 6.4 5.1 4.5 0.4 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100
Fish & fish products 8.1 36.0 40 11.2
Petroleum 7.5 0 10 83.3
Chemicals 19.9 0 40 1.6
Wood, paper, etc. 19.4 0 40 15.5
Textiles 18.6 0 30 26.9
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.8
Leather, footwear, etc. 17.4 0 25 27.7
Non-electrical machinery 5.3 4.0 25 91.2
Electrical machinery 6.9 0 7 93.5
Transport equipment 13.8 1.1 25 73.1
Manufactures, n.e.s. 14.0 0 30 3.4

1. European Union 2015 53 3 3 9.6 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
2. Viet Nam 2015 52 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. India 2015 25 2 2 11.3 2.0 0.0 50.0 92.7
4. Morocco 2015 14 2 2 13.8 9.3 9.1 75.0 91.2
5. Turkey 2015 3 1 1 26.7 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2015 594 3 4 3.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 345 3 4 5.9 6.4 0.0 13.3 23.2
4. Ukraine 2015 114 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

90
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 97.4 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100
Minerals & metals 50.0 0 50 96.1
Petroleum - - - 0
Chemicals 50.0 0 50 99.9
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 100
Textiles 50.0 0 50 99.8
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100
Non-electrical machinery 50.0 0 50 99.4

1. India 2015 198 1 1 15.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 99.9
2. Viet Nam 2015 32 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Turkey 2015 2 1 1 20.0 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Singapore 2015 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 1 2 3 2.7 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 18 1 1 0.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Togo 2015 14 1 2 12.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
4. Côte d'Ivoire 2015 3 1 5 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
5. Angola 2015 3 1 1 30.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

91
Guyana
Guyana

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 99.3 0 0
MFN applied 2016 10.5 34.6 1.6 4.0 14.2 31.1 4.1 0 0
Imports 2015 33.5 11.7 0.2 2.3 34.6 10.9 6.9 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.8 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2016 9.4 61.9 3.4 4.1 17.2 3.6 0.5 0 0.0
Imports 2015 45.2 18.9 3.9 6.0 23.4 2.7 0.0 0 0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 30.1 9.5 100 0.3 2.3
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 13.2 15.0 40 1.6 67.5
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 16.8 0 40 0.3 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 50.1 0 70 100 7.9 7.0 60 9.6 19.9
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100 5.4 37.2 25 13.6 2.9
Chemicals 50.0 0 100 100 6.6 3.3 40 7.1 12.3
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 100 9.7 5.1 20 2.6 11.8
Textiles 50.0 0 50 100 7.3 0.6 30 1.1 3.1
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100 19.8 0 20 0.4 0

1. European Union 2015 149 4 7 12.6 42.3 42.3 100.0 100.0
2. Jamaica 2015 27 4 6 23.4 21.9 21.9 100.0 100.0
4. Nicaragua 2015 13 1 1 18.3 45.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Panama 2015 10 2 2 67.0 73.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Canada 2015 205 1 1 4.2 0.0 0.0 81.0 99.9
3. European Union 2015 102 4 6 2.7 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0
4. Ukraine 2015 55 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 49 2 2 11.8 0.1 0.0 23.9 99.3

92
Haiti
Haiti

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 16.5 2.8 12.1 3.0 27.6 36.9 0.3 0 9.2
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 24.7 21.1 1.7 7.4 16.4 28.7 0 0 0
Imports 2014 13.3 58.2 5.8 6.5 16.0 0.3 0 0 0
Final bound 3.2 3.8 18.6 7.5 44.0 6.4 0 0 9.0
MFN applied 2016 41.1 31.2 2.7 4.2 16.7 4.0 0 0 0
Imports 2014 32.8 37.3 11.6 5.9 6.1 0 6.4 0 0

Animal products 16.8 17.3 40 100 23.7 8.8 40 2.9 0.2
Dairy products 12.4 7.1 20 100 7.4 0 20 2.2 0
Coffee, tea 24.2 0 40 100 18.2 0 40 0.0 0
Sugars and confectionery 40.0 0 40 100 8.7 35.3 40 3.0 0
Cotton 20.0 0 35 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 14.6 2.0 40 85.5 5.7 38.5 40 12.6 15.9
Petroleum 21.5 0 30 100 6.2 34.2 40 17.5 70.7
Chemicals 22.3 1.4 30 99.9 2.6 78.9 40 7.1 29.7
Wood, paper, etc. 11.9 0.2 28 65.9 8.3 24.2 25 4.2 17.1
Textiles 20.6 0 50 86.1 5.8 29.2 30 5.0 43.8
Clothing 31.4 0 50 51.6 19.8 0 20 4.9 0.4

2. European Union 2015 21 4 4 11.7 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
3. Switzerland 2015 3 1 1 7.2 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
4. Algeria 2015 2 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Canada 2015 1 10 15 7.0 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0
3. Canada 2015 29 5 21 8.1 12.5 12.5 100.0 100.0
4. Mexico 2015 22 2 4 14.1 24.7 0.0 23.7 0.2
5. European Union 2015 15 12 18 5.1 10.6 10.6 100.0 100.0

93
Honduras
Honduras

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.0 2.9 2.9 14.8 78.6 0.6 0.2 0
MFN applied 2015 27.0 11.5 11.1 45.5 1.2 3.4 0.1 0.2 0
Imports 2015 21.4 9.3 6.8 54.4 2.5 4.7 0.3 0.5 0
Final bound 2.3 0.7 2.9 5.0 3.0 85.9 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2015 54.2 11.6 14.8 19.5 0 0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2015 53.1 16.9 11.1 18.9 0 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 31.2 0 164 100 14.8 7.7 164 1.4 4.6
Dairy products 24.4 0 35 100 25.1 7.1 35 0.6 7.9
Coffee, tea 33.5 0 35 100 13.4 2.1 15 0.3 1.4
Cotton 11.0 0 15 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 33.3 0.1 35 100 3.2 66.8 15 10.9 55.0
Petroleum 18.8 0 35 100 7.1 32.7 15 15.3 50.3
Chemicals 31.8 0.1 35 100 1.8 80.7 15 16.3 62.5
Wood, paper, etc. 33.4 0 50 100 6.3 44.5 15 4.9 35.0
Textiles 34.1 0 35 100 8.2 12.9 15 2.0 9.1
Clothing 34.9 0 35 100 14.9 0.5 15 1.9 7.9

1. European Union 2015 918 6 7 13.8 2.3 1.7 98.3 99.1
3. El Salvador 2015 145 16 45 14.7 17.9 17.9 99.4 100.0
4. Canada 2015 100 5 10 1.8 0.2 0.2 99.2 100.0
5. Guatemala 2015 98 14 30 11.9 15.2 15.2 100.0 100.0
2. El Salvador 2015 444 33 107 6.6 10.8 10.8 99.9 100.0
3. Mexico 2015 293 16 43 8.5 14.4 14.4 99.8 100.0
4. Guatemala 2015 268 36 114 6.6 5.9 5.9 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 205 16 34 5.8 10.3 10.3 100.0 100.0

94
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Final bound 39.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.2 100.0
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.3 100.0
Coffee, tea 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 0.0 100.0 0 67.5 0.0 100.0 0 15.6 100.0
Petroleum - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 1.6 100.0
Chemicals 0.0 100.0 0 9.5 0.0 100.0 0 4.0 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.0 100.0 0 96.1 0.0 100.0 0 0.9 100.0
Textiles 0.0 100.0 0 10.0 0.0 100.0 0 2.0 100.0
Clothing 0.0 100.0 0 2.3 0.0 100.0 0 2.5 100.0

1. China 2015 283 7 12 16.4 20.9 13.7 49.0 70.4
3. Macao, China 2015 111 14 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2015 96 23 88 9.5 7.4 0.0 18.6 15.9
5. Singapore 2015 74 17 44 0.4 1.7 0.0 99.4 98.1
1. European Union 2015 14,778 52 689 4.4 1.7 0.0 20.6 63.2
2. China 2015 12,462 34 154 9.7 2.6 1.9 56.0 91.0
3. India 2015 5,959 31 164 9.6 8.4 0.0 4.7 14.8
4. United Arab Emirates 2015 3,408 1 7 4.6 3.7 0.0 8.6 26.6

95
Iceland
Iceland

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 25.6 2.1 6.9 1.4 7.9 12.8 3.2 40.2 24.5
MFN applied 2016 63.0 2.2 1.0 0.7 4.8 6.4 11.0 7.7 21.3
Imports 2015 58.9 1.4 2.5 2.1 10.7 4.4 14.1 2.8 18.3
Final bound 46.4 6.2 8.3 6.1 16.9 9.7 0.7 0.0 0.0
MFN applied 2016 82.9 3.7 13.2 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 86.5 3.9 9.5 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 342.7 0 461 100 76.0 30.6 461 0.3 2.6
Dairy products 438.1 0 574 100 86.6 0 227 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 18.5 35.9 115 100 6.4 63.7 39 0.8 60.2
Cotton 2.2 80.0 11 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.8 56.8 65 96.7 1.2 86.6 15 8.4 80.9
Petroleum 5.0 83.3 50 80.0 0.1 97.0 5 11.7 99.7
Chemicals 4.1 79.2 65 99.1 1.0 86.0 20 19.4 84.8
Wood, paper, etc. 10.8 46.8 35 94.9 2.5 70.6 15 4.2 45.8
Textiles 8.3 33.4 35 87.1 1.4 86.0 10 1.3 50.3
Clothing 20.5 0 21 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.2 98.9

1. European Union 2015 49 16 30 13.8 7.9 2.1 67.3 85.1
2. Japan 2015 20 3 4 2.0 1.6 0.0 72.7 54.5
4. Norway 2015 7 7 10 25.7 231.5 0.1 53.2 17.7
5. Nigeria 2014 7 1 1 20.0 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2015 2,425 18 70 5.2 8.1 7.9 91.8 92.3
3. Norway 2015 226 14 34 1.0 4.5 4.5 100.0 100.0
4. Nigeria 2014 146 10 19 11.8 18.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Japan 2015 135 5 12 2.6 3.1 0.0 55.6 24.0

96
India
India

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 1.4 0.2 2.2 7.2 53.2 35.8 0.3
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 5.2 3.6 4.5 5.3 4.1 67.0 8.3 2.2 0.3
Imports 2015 8.8 2.5 34.6 11.4 3.0 13.0 25.3 1.4 3.4
Final bound 2.6 0.5 0.0 0 15.9 51.2 0.2 0.2 5.9
MFN applied 2016 2.5 9.5 78.7 1.6 1.7 5.6 0.4 0 5.7
Imports 2015 28.1 19.9 50.9 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8

Animal products 106.1 0 150 100 31.1 0 100 0.0 0
Dairy products 65.0 0 150 100 33.5 0 60 0.0 0
Coffee, tea 133.1 0 150 100 56.3 0 100 0.1 0
Cotton 110.0 0 150 100 6.0 80.0 30 0.1 99.9
Minerals & metals 38.3 0.4 55 61.3 8.2 0.1 15 34.1 0.1
Petroleum - - - 0 4.2 16.7 5 18.9 94.4
Chemicals 39.6 0.1 150 89.0 7.9 0.4 10 10.9 2.0
Wood, paper, etc. 36.4 0 40 64.2 9.0 4.0 10 2.1 2.5
Textiles 27.1 0 70 69.9 11.7 0 90 1.4 0
Clothing 37.4 0 48 58.4 12.3 0 48 0.2 0

1. European Union 2015 3,203 26 115 11.8 4.4 1.7 27.0 60.2
5. Bangladesh 2015 1,857 10 24 16.6 7.3 0.4 20.1 53.1
2. European Union 2015 38,797 65 1,173 4.5 4.7 2.4 65.5 63.2
4. Hong Kong, China 2015 15,111 6 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 12,306 48 426 9.5 4.5 1.8 6.8 48.4

97
Indonesia
Indonesia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.6 0 0 87.5 8.6 3.2 0
MFN applied 2016 8.5 77.2 4.5 0.8 4.7 2.3 0.9 1.0 1.4
Imports 2015 14.0 63.3 14.4 1.2 2.9 2.9 1.2 0.0 10.1
Final bound 2.8 0 0.0 3.6 0 89.3 0.0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2016 13.4 52.1 16.3 9.0 8.5 0.7 0 0.0 0.0
Imports 2015 19.3 51.9 16.2 8.8 2.2 1.6 0 0.0 0.0

Animal products 43.7 0 50 100 7.1 8.2 30 0.6 1.0
Dairy products 74.0 0 210 100 5.5 0 10 0.6 0
Coffee, tea 45.3 0 60 100 13.2 0 20 0.3 0
Beverages & tobacco 81.3 0 150 100 44.2 0 150 0.4 1.3
Cotton 37.4 0 40 100 4.0 20.0 5 0.8 0
Minerals & metals 38.8 0.1 40 97.7 7.0 17.5 30 15.9 8.5
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 0.2 95.1 5 15.5 42.2
Chemicals 37.9 0.1 60 96.0 5.4 14.4 150 13.6 7.7
Wood, paper, etc. 39.4 0 40 100 5.2 27.0 25 2.5 22.4
Textiles 26.4 0 40 99.7 10.4 0.9 35 4.8 0.2
Clothing 35.0 0 40 100 23.8 0 25 0.3 0

1. European Union 2015 4,468 15 36 10.2 3.3 1.8 29.7 62.2
2. China 2015 4,316 11 24 14.0 9.8 6.2 94.4 48.6
3. India 2015 4,128 8 11 35.4 59.0 0.0 3.9 4.0
4. Malaysia 2015 2,559 10 33 12.8 13.0 12.6 93.3 92.2
1. Japan 2015 19,118 50 310 3.9 1.3 1.0 94.8 95.8
3. China 2015 15,570 39 263 9.8 4.2 3.8 96.1 95.4
4. Singapore 2015 12,826 48 334 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 11,800 54 536 4.9 5.2 2.4 63.2 59.2

98
Israel
Israel

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 3.6 9.1 3.0 2.4 17.2 10.0 18.7 35.1 0.3
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 57.7 9.0 11.6 5.9 6.5 6.3 2.1 0.7 14.3
Imports 2015 66.8 9.5 4.5 2.6 2.8 10.7 2.0 0.9 10.1
Final bound 11.9 25.5 12.6 9.8 5.9 4.4 1.4 0.1 6.5
MFN applied 2016 65.2 0.7 22.6 10.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.8
Imports 2015 72.7 0.3 17.7 9.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6

Animal products 103.7 13.6 190 96.7 14.9 49.0 170 1.1 92.8
Dairy products 170.8 0 247 95.0 29.9 60.3 212 0.1 1.4
Coffee, tea 9.2 0 25 100 0.1 99.0 5 0.6 98.5
Beverages & tobacco 132.6 1.1 255 97.9 9.2 57.8 97 0.9 88.7
Cotton 76.0 0 76 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Other agricultural products 38.0 7.8 170 99.2 2.4 70.0 50 0.6 70.2
Minerals & metals 8.9 9.2 80 84.2 2.7 70.9 17 21.2 83.2
Petroleum 25.0 0 45 20.0 2.7 66.7 8 10.3 100.0
Chemicals 8.3 8.9 70 84.8 1.4 87.0 100 13.0 81.5
Wood, paper, etc. 12.5 17.1 60 74.0 3.6 72.2 100 3.3 58.3
Textiles 20.7 0.9 150 49.9 3.4 48.8 22 1.9 49.9
Clothing 17.5 0 35 12.3 5.9 0.9 6 2.5 0.0

1. European Union 2015 1,049 21 86 13.8 9.3 7.8 75.1 72.7
4. Japan 2015 84 11 19 10.7 14.8 0.0 27.0 6.5
5. Belarus 2015 69 5 30 8.7 9.2 0.0 8.6 9.1
2. European Union 2015 13,301 53 522 4.4 1.7 1.7 99.9 100.0
3. Hong Kong, China 2015 3,430 5 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 2,746 27 158 7.9 3.7 0.0 12.6 39.5
5. India 2015 2,068 21 116 8.0 8.2 0.0 7.8 10.7

99
Jamaica
Jamaica

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.7 0.3 0.8 0 0 0.7 96.6 0 0.3
MFN applied 2016 31.0 14.7 1.5 3.8 13.0 34.5 1.5 0 0
Imports 2015 30.7 9.6 0.8 1.3 37.9 19.7 0.1 0 0
Final bound 0.4 4.8 12.5 0.4 0.0 81.8 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 63.2 6.3 2.9 4.3 19.1 4.1 0 0 0
Imports 2015 51.1 8.9 6.1 8.6 22.8 2.6 0 0 0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 27.5 9.7 100 1.9 30.5
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 27.3 11.9 75 0.9 3.9
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 16.1 12.5 40 0.3 2.9
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 46.6 0.0 50 100 4.0 70.1 40 9.6 53.7
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100 5.7 35.5 30 22.5 65.8
Chemicals 25.3 0 100 100 2.7 82.3 40 11.9 53.6
Wood, paper, etc. 49.0 0 50 100 7.5 49.8 20 6.5 41.8
Textiles 49.5 0 50 100 3.1 82.0 30 1.5 37.1
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100 19.8 0.9 20 0.8 0.2

2. European Union 2015 101 10 26 12.2 35.7 35.7 100.0 100.0
3. Canada 2015 32 10 26 5.7 3.4 2.0 95.7 99.4
4. Japan 2015 20 2 3 4.7 0.2 0.1 69.2 99.2
5. Guyana 2015 8 8 12 26.4 22.5 22.5 100.0 100.0
1. Canada 2015 157 1 1 3.2 0.0 0.0 91.3 100.0
3. European Union 2015 143 5 6 3.2 4.2 4.2 100.0 100.0
5. Iceland 2015 89 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

100
Japan
Japan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 34.1 18.7 16.4 7.7 10.3 6.6 2.3 3.8 15.1
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 36.5 17.9 17.0 7.1 11.2 6.2 0.8 2.3 11.6
Imports 2015 42.7 12.3 15.4 9.9 7.8 10.0 0.0 0.1 7.2
Final bound 55.9 25.7 15.2 2.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.7
MFN applied 2016 55.7 26.2 15.3 2.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 2.0
Imports 2015 81.1 9.9 6.9 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9

Animal products 13.9 45.7 324 100 10.8 46.6 324 1.8 3.1
Dairy products 95.1 0 558 100 65.7 9.1 558 0.2 21.7
Coffee, tea 13.7 22.2 133 100 14.3 22.7 133 0.5 62.1
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 1.0 69.9 10 99.9 1.0 70.4 10 21.3 91.9
Petroleum 13.3 54.2 281 80.0 0.8 64.3 8 12.8 95.5
Chemicals 2.3 37.4 7 100 2.2 38.7 7 10.5 61.7
Wood, paper, etc. 1.0 78.8 10 97.6 0.9 80.6 10 3.3 69.0
Textiles 5.5 7.6 25 100 5.4 8.1 25 2.2 7.3
Clothing 9.2 0 13 100 9.0 1.8 13 4.2 2.9

1. Chinese Taipei 2015 855 23 76 15.3 20.3 0.0 22.3 10.3
2. Hong Kong, China 2015 751 22 92 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 399 22 64 15.7 12.3 0.1 7.4 14.6
1. China 2015 142,494 55 940 9.2 5.2 0.0 8.1 35.2
3. European Union 2015 56,144 57 1,047 4.4 2.9 0.0 21.3 41.7
4. Korea, Republic of 2015 45,161 53 1,016 6.4 4.3 0.0 17.6 37.4
5. Chinese Taipei 2015 37,685 51 872 4.9 2.5 0.0 33.1 56.1

101
Jordan
Jordan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.2 15.7 15.4 10.9 27.5 25.6 0.2 3.4 0.8
MFN applied 2016 35.3 8.7 7.8 0.6 22.5 21.9 0.1 2.2 0.8
Imports 2015 62.0 0.9 2.1 2.0 19.4 11.6 0.5 0.2 1.4
Final bound 7.0 22.5 16.5 8.2 23.9 21.8 0.0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2016 57.2 4.5 7.4 0.9 14.4 15.6 0 0 0
Imports 2015 60.8 4.2 6.8 2.3 12.7 13.3 0 0 0

Animal products 13.6 0 30 100 10.7 18.9 30 4.4 77.8
Dairy products 16.1 7.5 30 100 8.2 57.1 30 1.7 79.5
Coffee, tea 20.5 0 30 100 13.3 39.6 30 1.5 23.1
Cotton 9.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 19.3 0.1 30 100 10.5 46.9 30 19.0 57.2
Petroleum 15.3 0 20 100 10.3 24.7 20 2.7 2.3
Chemicals 5.2 10.5 30 100 1.2 83.6 30 12.9 76.9
Wood, paper, etc. 21.2 1.2 30 100 12.8 45.8 30 4.5 63.6
Textiles 15.5 0.2 30 100 4.4 76.0 30 1.9 65.7
Clothing 19.5 0 20 100 19.6 0.5 20 1.8 0.0

3. Israel 2015 107 3 10 11.6 11.3 9.9 72.5 96.1
5. Qatar 2015 61 15 37 4.9 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 851 3 8 8.9 5.5 0.0 2.1 0.6
4. European Union 2015 321 28 85 4.5 4.8 4.8 100.0 100.0
5. Israel 2015 303 13 43 5.1 1.6 1.4 77.3 97.4

102
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 6.0 43.2 24.1 20.3 3.2 2.6 0.3 0.3 18.2
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 9.8 40.5 18.4 25.3 3.1 1.2 1.4 0.3 18.3
Imports 2015 8.0 16.3 13.4 38.7 12.1 9.5 2.1 0.0 54.3
Final bound 16.3 45.1 28.8 9.7 0.1 0 0 0 6.2
MFN applied 2016 16.7 41.6 24.6 15.1 1.9 0.0 0 0 6.5
Imports 2015 27.9 24.5 22.8 17.7 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7

Animal products 17.1 8.7 95 100 15.0 19.0 55 1.0 8.9
Dairy products 14.4 0 15 100 14.9 0 18 0.8 0
Coffee, tea 5.4 4.2 13 100 5.4 20.8 13 1.1 31.6
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.0 6.4 15 100 7.6 6.8 17 20.2 20.4
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 100 4.4 12.7 5 3.1 1.3
Chemicals 4.7 9.1 12 100 5.0 8.7 13 12.9 4.7
Wood, paper, etc. 5.0 37.6 15 100 8.2 6.4 16 4.3 9.5
Textiles 7.4 0.2 15 100 8.0 0.6 20 1.5 0.8
Clothing 8.9 0 24 100 9.1 0 24 1.9 0

2. European Union 2015 187 4 10 9.6 0.9 0.0 25.9 96.2
3. Kyrgyz Republic 2015 172 14 39 13.5 10.4 10.4 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 126 5 10 16.6 25.9 0.0 5.0 14.2
5. Mongolia 2015 28 4 6 6.2 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2015 17,258 4 6 3.9 0.2 0.0 24.8 95.1
2. China 2015 5,711 7 8 5.2 1.6 0.0 20.2 63.4
3. Russian Federation 2015 4,279 64 1,177 9.2 7.5 7.5 100.0 100.0
4. Turkey 2015 1,093 5 6 4.5 0.8 0.0 15.8 72.6
5. Japan 2015 808 2 6 1.9 0.4 0.1 75.0 89.8

103
Kenya
Kenya

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.8 0 0
MFN applied 2016 15.4 0 16.2 0 64.2 1.3 2.6 0 1.2
Imports 2014 30.3 0 24.6 0 23.9 13.9 6.4 0 14.8
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 1.6 0 0
MFN applied 2016 40.4 0 21.9 0 36.3 0.4 0 0 1.0
Imports 2014 70.5 0 11.6 0 16.6 0.7 0 0 1.2

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 23.1 7.7 25 0.0 26.3
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 51.7 0 60 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 19.6 16.7 25 0.2 10.8
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 62.0 0 62 0.9 10.6 35.8 35 12.3 58.0
Petroleum - - - 0 4.3 61.4 25 20.6 97.4
Chemicals 35.2 0 100 2.2 3.9 77.9 25 12.0 80.7
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 14.2 25.6 25 2.8 12.3
Textiles - - - 0 19.5 6.9 50 3.3 18.2
Clothing - - - 0 25.2 0 50 0.6 21.5
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0 3.2 75.2 25 10.7 74.8
Electrical machinery - - - 0 10.9 35.4 35 6.6 68.1
Manufactures, n.e.s. - - - 0 14.8 31.4 40 2.7 61.5

1. European Union 2015 1,251 8 20 10.3 6.8 6.8 100.0 100.0
2. Pakistan 2015 342 1 1 10.2 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Egypt 2015 265 1 1 15.6 3.2 3.2 100.0 100.0
1. Uganda 2015 435 43 242 12.1 17.3 17.3 100.0 100.0
3. Zambia 2015 397 7 12 13.7 23.8 23.8 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2015 196 34 117 4.3 4.2 4.2 99.9 100.0
5. Tanzania 2015 190 43 269 12.6 15.4 15.4 100.0 100.0

104
Korea, Republic of
Korea, Republic of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 2.2 5.7 7.8 7.8 23.4 33.2 10.6 8.4 5.2
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 5.6 17.5 22.4 1.1 13.0 28.4 2.0 9.8 3.2
Imports 2015 7.6 28.9 16.5 1.1 12.4 23.8 0.5 8.8 2.9
Final bound 18.3 7.6 22.8 33.6 5.4 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.1
MFN applied 2016 16.7 11.2 62.1 6.6 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Imports 2015 36.5 26.3 33.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 0 0.0 0.0

Animal products 26.4 0.4 89 100 21.5 3.1 89 0.9 0.4
Dairy products 69.8 0 176 100 66.0 0 176 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 74.1 0 514 100 56.4 0 514 0.2 0
Cotton 2.0 0 2 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.4 22.4 35 95.8 4.5 27.1 8 21.8 45.4
Petroleum 8.9 0 13 80.0 4.5 3.3 8 16.4 16.6
Chemicals 5.8 7.7 193 97.4 5.7 6.5 193 10.2 15.0
Wood, paper, etc. 3.2 69.7 13 92.1 2.2 66.7 13 2.1 66.2
Textiles 16.5 0.6 30 98.5 9.0 1.5 13 1.8 2.7
Clothing 28.4 0 35 100 12.5 0 13 1.9 0

1. Japan 2015 1,315 20 54 17.4 10.7 0.0 21.7 47.1
2. China 2015 729 16 44 16.0 19.8 1.1 4.1 4.7
4. Hong Kong, China 2015 439 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Chinese Taipei 2015 223 20 47 17.2 19.0 0.0 17.5 19.1
1. China 2015 173,775 43 472 9.3 2.9 0.3 8.0 52.1
3. European Union 2015 42,071 56 789 4.5 3.2 3.0 98.4 95.3
4. Viet Nam 2015 27,415 51 682 8.5 4.2 1.4 74.7 75.2
5. Hong Kong, China 2015 26,135 40 153 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

105
Kuwait, the State of
Kuwait, the State of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 23.4 68.7 0 0 0 0 1.3 0 7.9
Imports 2015 42.5 53.5 0 0 0 0 0.2 3.9 4.0
Final bound 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 97.4 0 0
MFN applied 2016 8.2 91.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2015 20.6 79.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 2.8 36.5 5 2.5 38.1
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 1.9 0
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 3.1 37.5 5 0.9 30.4
Beverages & tobacco 100.0 0 100 100 32.9 0.7 100 1.3 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 99.9 0.1 100 100 4.9 2.3 5 16.8 12.3
Petroleum - - - 0 5.0 0 5 0.4 0
Chemicals 99.9 0.1 100 100 4.4 11.0 5 11.3 35.3
Wood, paper, etc. 100.0 0 100 100 4.7 5.2 5 3.7 3.9
Textiles 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0.2 5 1.9 1.5
Clothing 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 3.7 0

2. Qatar 2015 52 11 23 4.0 4.2 4.2 100.0 100.0
5. Jordan 2015 15 10 22 20.1 21.8 21.7 98.9 99.8
2. China 2015 7,497 3 7 8.7 0.7 0.0 15.3 76.6
3. Japan 2015 6,408 1 3 0.2 0.0 0.0 86.4 99.3
4. India 2015 4,968 2 6 8.4 1.2 0.0 3.9 78.0

106
Kyrgyz Republic
Kyrgyz Republic

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.2 9.4 54.6 11.9 22.0 0.4 0.2 0.3 2.3
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 9.4 39.5 17.3 30.2 1.9 0.6 0.9 0.3 24.0
Imports 2015 3.5 28.9 22.5 24.2 4.9 6.9 9.2 0.0 59.1
Final bound 22.4 11.1 59.0 7.4 0.0 0 0 0 0.2
MFN applied 2016 18.2 39.0 24.8 14.8 3.1 0.1 0.0 0 7.3
Imports 2015 22.2 42.4 22.3 8.7 3.2 0.5 0.3 0.0 8.0

Animal products 10.2 0 15 100 13.7 14.8 80 1.3 1.3
Dairy products 11.5 0 15 100 14.9 0 18 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 10.6 0 15 100 6.2 20.8 15 1.6 8.7
Cotton 10.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 5.5 42.2 10 99.8 7.6 8.8 83 18.9 8.4
Petroleum 7.6 0 10 100 4.3 13.6 5 16.3 0.1
Chemicals 5.4 10.5 10 100 4.8 12.5 13 11.0 43.2
Wood, paper, etc. 0.7 93.3 10 100 8.2 6.4 16 4.0 4.0
Textiles 8.6 0.2 12 99.8 8.3 0.7 38 4.6 1.8
Clothing 11.9 0 12 100 9.3 0 18 3.8 0

1. Kazakhstan 2015 40 8 38 12.2 13.4 13.4 100.0 100.0
2. Turkey 2015 33 4 6 14.6 16.2 0.0 37.5 22.4
4. European Union 2015 20 4 8 5.9 3.6 2.8 43.2 83.6
5. China 2015 19 7 14 14.2 9.9 0.0 1.8 3.8
1. Switzerland 2015 438 1 1 2.4 0.0 0.0 65.8 100.0
2. Kazakhstan 2015 142 24 103 8.5 7.2 7.2 100.0 100.0
5. Turkey 2015 44 3 5 3.0 0.3 0.0 77.5 96.2

107
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Lao People's Democratic Republic

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 7.3 10.1 37.6 4.8 10.8 25.0 4.4 0 0
MFN applied 2016 8.8 37.5 31.7 0.4 6.4 14.7 0 0 0.6
Imports
Final bound 0.1 11.4 14.1 15.3 39.2 19.8 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0.3 58.3 34.1 0.1 4.8 2.4 0 0 0.1
Imports

Animal products 16.7 0 50 100 11.0 0 30
Dairy products 5.0 0 5 100 5.0 0 5
Fruit, vegetables, plants 19.7 4.1 80 100 13.5 2.5 40
Coffee, tea 41.7 0 60 100 24.2 0 40
Cereals & preparations 16.3 24.2 90 100 8.0 24.2 30
Oilseeds, fats & oils 20.8 21.7 60 100 9.7 20.5 30
Sugars and confectionery 13.8 5.9 40 100 10.6 5.9 30
Cotton 9.0 40.0 15 100 3.0 40.0 5
Minerals & metals 15.5 0 40 100 5.8 0 20
Petroleum 6.5 0 15 100 5.2 0 20
Chemicals 19.7 0.5 50 100 6.6 0.2 40
Wood, paper, etc. 29.4 0 50 100 13.6 0 40
Textiles 17.6 0 40 100 8.8 0 30
Clothing 19.9 0 30 100 10.0 0 10
Leather, footwear, etc. 25.9 0 40 100 11.2 0 30
Non-electrical machinery 12.5 0 50 100 6.1 0 40
Manufactures, n.e.s. 22.0 0 40 100 10.2 0 40

1. Thailand 2015 128 11 21 35.8 46.3 46.2 96.2 98.6
2. China 2015 106 5 10 20.4 45.0 15.5 85.7 40.6
3. European Union 2015 63 8 12 11.5 16.5 16.5 100.0 100.0
4. Viet Nam 2015 63 6 7 16.9 18.7 15.3 83.3 32.9
5. Japan 2015 19 3 4 29.8 15.6 15.6 100.0 100.0
1. Thailand 2015 1,337 6 9 11.8 2.8 2.8 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 1,184 5 9 11.6 1.1 0.3 98.4 94.0
3. Viet Nam 2015 524 7 9 9.0 0.6 0.6 90.1 99.7
4. European Union 2015 198 7 42 6.7 11.5 11.5 100.0 100.0
5. India 2015 180 4 7 8.3 6.0 6.0 87.5 99.9

108
Lebanese Republic
Lebanese Republic

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 22.4 49.5 0.7 3.2 6.0 7.4 10.3 0.5 10.2
Imports 2014 44.1 36.0 0.6 2.5 6.9 5.2 4.6 0.1 4.8
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 42.0 47.6 3.6 2.4 3.5 0.8 0.1 0 5.8
Imports 2014 31.4 56.9 3.1 3.3 4.4 0.9 0.0 0 16.2

Animal products 7.8 8.6 70 3.0 85.6
Dairy products 19.8 16.7 92 2.0 22.5
Coffee, tea 6.7 29.2 20 1.1 16.1
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 4.2 39.3 75 16.8 53.7
Petroleum 3.9 10.0 5 21.5 34.7
Chemicals 2.6 60.4 20 12.7 22.7
Wood, paper, etc. 7.7 42.8 30 3.8 50.4
Textiles 2.4 83.5 35 1.9 65.1
Clothing 7.0 0 62 2.7 4.1

3. European Union 2015 97 20 101 13.9 8.6 7.4 77.4 90.1
4. Egypt 2015 67 11 20 66.3 24.3 24.3 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 336 43 183 4.5 3.0 3.0 100.0 100.0
4. Switzerland 2015 226 1 6 2.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

109
Lesotho
Lesotho

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 99.3 0
MFN applied 2016 46.1 11.1 13.8 6.4 16.1 6.0 0.3 0.2 13.8
Imports 2014 24.9 15.5 15.7 4.9 20.8 17.5 0.4 0.3 28.7
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 63.5 2.3 5.7 8.0 13.2 7.4 0.0 0 0.9
Imports 2014 40.7 6.8 7.1 8.3 27.9 9.2 0 0.0 6.6

Animal products 200.0 0 200 100 10.9 60.6 82 3.9 27.0
Dairy products 200.0 0 200 100 7.8 23.8 21 1.4 60.7
Coffee, tea 200.0 0 200 100 7.4 45.8 25 0.4 27.2
Cotton 200.0 0 200 100 4.4 66.7 15 1.2 1.7
Minerals & metals 60.0 0 60 100 4.0 71.6 30 9.1 59.4
Petroleum 60.0 0 60 100 0.6 55.6 15 11.1 57.5
Chemicals 60.1 0 200 100 2.3 83.2 20 11.3 35.7
Wood, paper, etc. 60.0 0 60 100 6.1 61.2 45 4.7 26.4
Textiles 60.0 0 60 100 16.7 18.1 60 9.2 3.0
Clothing 60.0 0 60 100 41.0 2.1 45 4.9 0.2

1. South Africa 2015 47 6 13 10.8 1.6 1.6 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 7 1 1 38.0 38.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Swaziland 2015 6 1 1 13.3 14.9 14.9 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2015 2 3 5 7.5 3.9 3.9 100.0 100.0
5. India 2015 1 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. European Union 2015 281 1 1 4.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. South Africa 2015 224 25 121 12.4 30.1 30.1 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2015 5 3 10 9.7 16.4 16.4 100.0 100.0

110
Liberia, Republic of
Liberia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 4.0 23.6 53.0 19.4 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0.1 7.5 3.0 1.1 42.0 46.4 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 27.8 0 50 100
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100
Petroleum 24.0 0 30 100
Chemicals 27.1 0.1 50 100
Wood, paper, etc. 32.1 0.4 50 100
Textiles 28.1 0 50 100
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100
Electrical machinery 21.5 0.4 40 100

1. European Union 2015 39 1 1 14.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Yemen 2015 6 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Nigeria 2014 1 1 1 8.8 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
5. Angola 2015 0 2 2 28.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. China 2015 172 2 3 1.3 0.1 0.0 95.1 98.9
2. European Union 2015 168 4 5 2.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Bangladesh 2015 51 11 34 17.5 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

111
Macao, China
Macao, China

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 99.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Final bound 16.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.1 100.0
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.4 100.0
Coffee, tea 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.6 100.0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0 0
Minerals & metals 0.0 100.0 0 12.6 0.0 100.0 0 17.8 100.0
Petroleum - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 2.7 100.0
Chemicals 0.0 100.0 0 27.2 0.0 100.0 0 8.4 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.0 100.0 0 17.3 0.0 100.0 0 2.2 100.0
Textiles 0.0 100.0 0 2.7 0.0 100.0 0 1.1 100.0
Clothing 0.0 100.0 0 0.9 0.0 100.0 0 4.5 100.0
Transport equipment - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 4.4 100.0

1. Hong Kong, China 2015 41 4 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 14 3 3 14.6 23.7 1.8 73.7 12.6
3. Singapore 2015 1 5 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2015 1 3 4 2.2 1.9 0.0 52.9 14.8
1. China 2015 171 9 14 11.6 5.1 5.0 81.9 99.0
3. European Union 2015 87 26 108 4.3 3.0 0.0 20.3 46.1
4. Hong Kong, China 2015 50 28 62 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Bangladesh 2015 48 4 17 13.8 8.4 0.0 1.6 34.4

112
Madagascar
Madagascar

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.8 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 7.4 14.5 18.9 0 59.1 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 32.2 14.9 31.4 0 21.4 0 0 0 0
Final bound 0.0 0.2 1.2 1.4 4.7 11.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 5.3 35.0 24.6 0.2 34.5 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 30.8 27.8 21.2 0.6 19.6 0 0 0 0

Animal products 30.0 0 30 100 18.6 7.2 20 0.1 66.5
Dairy products 30.0 0 30 100 17.7 5.6 20 0.5 18.9
Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100 17.9 0 20 0.1 0
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 15.0 0 25 6.8 10.4 3.5 20 15.1 6.0
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 80.0 0.8 83.3 5 16.5 100.0
Chemicals 30.0 0 30 58.8 7.2 6.5 20 11.0 31.0
Wood, paper, etc. 3.0 40.0 5 2.0 12.5 3.3 20 3.9 4.9
Textiles 17.5 0 30 1.0 14.9 4.1 20 13.3 16.0
Clothing - - - 0 19.9 0 20 0.5 0

1. European Union 2015 250 9 23 9.3 4.6 4.6 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 131 8 16 28.2 27.7 7.1 39.3 37.8
4. Mauritius 2015 29 3 5 2.0 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
5. Singapore 2015 27 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 775 24 87 6.4 7.7 7.7 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 166 9 19 13.3 3.4 3.4 99.9 100.0
5. South Africa 2015 126 6 34 23.7 34.1 34.1 100.0 100.0

113
Malawi
Malawi

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 3.6 1.3 94.9 0
MFN applied 2016 11.7 0.3 31.0 0 57.0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 48.1 0.0 14.2 0 37.6 0.0 0 0.0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0.0 21.7 1.3 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 35.6 0.9 29.0 0.2 34.3 0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2015 50.5 0.8 30.4 1.0 17.2 0 0 0 0.1

Animal products 125.0 0 125 100 16.0 3.6 25 0.2 35.5
Dairy products 108.8 0 125 100 20.7 0 25 0.5 0
Coffee, tea 95.6 0 125 100 23.8 0 25 0.1 0
Cotton 106.0 0 125 100 2.0 80.0 10 0.0 84.6
Minerals & metals 41.2 0 65 6.9 11.8 12.8 25 19.0 56.8
Petroleum - - - 0 6.2 44.6 20 10.2 2.7
Chemicals 40.1 0 125 60.1 3.8 78.9 25 18.8 79.0
Wood, paper, etc. 42.5 0 65 13.5 15.1 6.7 25 6.1 46.8
Textiles 45.0 0 45 0.2 18.5 13.3 25 6.6 5.8
Clothing - - - 0 25.0 0 25 0.5 0

1. European Union 2015 356 3 4 15.1 13.0 13.0 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 64 7 11 50.4 50.0 20.8 57.1 53.2
5. South Africa 2015 47 9 12 11.1 16.1 11.9 98.4 82.8
2. Zimbabwe 2015 18 19 39 24.3 32.0 32.0 99.5 100.0
3. Mozambique 2015 14 13 34 9.5 10.2 10.2 100.0 100.0
4. Zambia 2015 12 20 54 14.5 17.6 17.6 100.0 100.0
5. South Africa 2015 9 11 18 6.5 3.7 3.7 100.0 100.0

114
Malaysia
Malaysia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 12.9 31.7 16.3 12.5 8.4 3.3 3.6 11.0 21.1
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 75.0 10.5 4.5 1.7 2.3 3.4 0.4 2.0 4.8
Imports 2015 64.6 11.8 5.1 5.8 1.5 6.4 0.1 3.4 7.5
Final bound 5.0 31.4 6.1 1.2 19.0 19.1 0.0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2016 64.2 8.8 7.9 4.9 10.1 4.1 0.0 0 0.1
Imports 2015 77.3 7.8 2.9 2.7 5.4 3.9 0.0 0 0.0

Animal products 30.9 7.9 168 100 3.1 90.1 50 0.6 84.8
Dairy products 22.6 5.0 228 100 3.5 83.3 50 0.5 98.0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 96.8 11.0 > 1000 100 2.7 74.2 90 1.2 74.1
Coffee, tea 17.7 4.2 69 100 5.7 43.8 15 0.8 64.1
Oilseeds, fats & oils 31.5 4.2 > 1000 100 1.9 65.6 20 1.8 67.4
Beverages & tobacco 245.5 0 > 1000 100 90.1 28.0 972 0.7 1.7
Cotton 4.0 20.0 5 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 17.6 0.1 30 65.2 7.1 50.7 60 16.7 64.8
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 80.0 0.5 89.2 5 10.4 82.9
Chemicals 11.5 0.8 58 75.2 2.7 83.3 50 10.0 73.5
Wood, paper, etc. 19.1 4.1 35 92.9 10.0 46.1 40 1.8 59.7
Textiles 19.0 0 35 98.6 8.8 31.0 30 1.3 38.3
Clothing 20.7 0 30 98.3 0.2 98.9 20 1.1 98.7

1. China 2015 2,736 14 33 15.8 10.5 6.0 92.7 40.8
2. India 2015 2,474 2 4 30.4 82.9 0.0 4.3 1.3
3. European Union 2015 2,191 8 21 10.9 3.7 0.0 17.4 38.6
4. Singapore 2015 1,995 23 127 0.2 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 50,542 29 190 8.8 1.8 1.6 96.0 98.1
3. Singapore 2015 30,889 51 499 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2015 22,039 45 367 4.4 1.2 0.0 21.3 71.7
5. Japan 2015 19,584 38 224 2.1 0.5 0.4 98.2 96.6

115
Maldives
Maldives

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 94.0 0 5.8 0
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 94.5 0 1.8 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100
Petroleum 30.0 0 30 100
Chemicals 30.3 0 300 100
Wood, paper, etc. 30.0 0 30 100
Textiles 30.0 0 30 99.8
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100

1. Egypt 2015 5 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Bangladesh 2015 0 1 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
3. South Africa 2015 0 1 1 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Sri Lanka 2015 0 1 2 38.8 36.5 0.1 5.9 0.1
5. Qatar 2015 0 3 3 1.7 3.8 0.0 66.7 24.5
1. European Union 2015 107 3 5 5.4 18.1 0.0 29.7 3.4
2. Thailand 2015 41 1 2 13.0 0.0 0.0 26.3 99.9
3. Sri Lanka 2015 27 6 11 11.2 7.3 4.5 39.9 50.0
5. Japan 2015 10 3 10 7.2 5.7 0.7 13.2 0.6

116
Mali
Mali

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 0 97.8 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 0 27.0 19.2 0 41.7 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 0.8 11.7 6.5 5.2 3.9 0 2.4 0 0
MFN applied 2016 1.8 39.8 21.9 0 36.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 60.0 0 60 100 24.5 0 35
Dairy products 37.3 0 60 100 17.0 0 35
Coffee, tea 60.0 0 60 100 18.5 0 35
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 5.0 0 5
Fish & fish products 9.7 36.0 60 11.2 15.6 0 20
Minerals & metals 31.9 6.0 60 11.1 11.6 1.9 20
Petroleum 7.8 0 10 83.3 7.7 19.0 10
Chemicals 28.4 0 60 1.6 7.4 3.8 35
Wood, paper, etc. 5.0 0 5 4.4 11.3 5.1 20
Textiles 18.4 0 25 26.4 16.1 0.3 35
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.8 20.0 0 20
Leather, footwear, etc. 17.5 0 25 27.7 12.3 1.3 20
Non-electrical machinery 5.8 4.2 60 91.8 6.8 0 20
Electrical machinery 6.9 0 7 93.5 11.2 0.4 20
Transport equipment 12.5 0.3 25 72.3 8.1 2.5 20

1. China 2015 84 2 2 15.6 11.5 11.4 87.5 92.6
2. India 2015 75 1 1 22.5 0.9 0.0 25.0 97.0
3. Viet Nam 2015 57 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Thailand 2015 45 1 1 25.2 0.0 0.0 77.8 100.0
5. Indonesia 2015 44 1 1 2.5 0.0 0.0 50.0 100.0
2. Switzerland 2015 483 1 1 1.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. India 2015 167 1 1 7.8 10.0 0.0 11.1 0.0
4. Burkina Faso 2015 41 6 6 13.7 5.8 5.8 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 14 16 36 3.4 1.7 1.7 100.0 100.0

117
Mauritania
Mauritania

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.4 1.4 0 30.6 56.2 11.5 0 0
MFN applied 2015 4.5 48.0 0 11.6 36.0 0 0 0 0.9
Imports 2014 40.0 21.4 0 27.2 11.3 0 0 0 3.0
Final bound 0.7 12.0 6.6 5.2 4.0 1.5 0.0 0 0
MFN applied 2015 3.6 38.6 0 18.5 39.3 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2014 4.9 60.4 0 8.3 26.5 0 0 0 0.3

Animal products 41.5 0 50 100 18.3 0 20 0.4 0
Dairy products 20.8 0 30 100 14.5 23.8 20 1.9 73.6
Coffee, tea 46.7 0 75 100 15.8 0 20 0.5 0
Cotton 25.0 0 25 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 5.8 13.0 16 5.9 12.3 0.7 20 11.8 10.6
Petroleum 7.7 0 10 80.0 11.2 21.5 20 18.8 6.1
Chemicals 17.7 0 30 1.4 6.8 16.1 20 3.6 45.9
Wood, paper, etc. 5.0 0 5 4.3 11.5 3.8 20 1.0 15.9
Textiles 18.4 0 25 26.3 16.7 0.3 20 1.1 5.7
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.8 20.0 0 20 0.4 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 22.4 0 30 45.3 14.0 0 20 2.0 0
Non-electrical machinery 5.3 3.9 25 91.2 7.4 0.4 20 12.1 0
Transport equipment 15.6 0.2 30 86.7 9.2 0.8 20 30.2 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 17.4 0 30 4.7 14.8 0 20 0.8 0

2. Mozambique 2015 2 1 1 5.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. European Union 2015 1 2 3 12.1 6.7 6.7 100.0 100.0
4. Turkey 2015 1 2 2 5.0 4.6 0.0 50.0 54.1
5. Angola 2015 1 2 5 11.1 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. China 2015 718 1 2 6.3 0.1 0.1 96.8 100.0
2. European Union 2015 527 7 16 5.5 4.7 4.7 100.0 100.0
3. Switzerland 2015 252 1 1 1.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2015 131 2 2 3.5 6.5 6.5 90.9 100.0
5. Nigeria 2014 103 4 8 11.9 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

118
Mauritius
Mauritius

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 2.3 1.1 96.5 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 93.0 0.1 3.1 3.6 0 0.3 0 0 0.3
Imports 2015 93.2 0 0.8 5.9 0 0.1 0 0 0.1
Final bound 6.0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 93.0 1.0 0.9 4.0 0.2 1.0 0.0 0 2.4
Imports 2015 93.8 0.3 0.6 4.1 0.1 1.2 0.0 0 0.9

Animal products 120.1 0 122 100 0.1 98.2 12 1.9 98.6
Dairy products 105.0 0 122 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.0 100.0
Coffee, tea 118.7 0 122 100 2.5 91.7 30 0.5 98.2
Cotton 122.0 0 122 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 62.4 4.0 65 2.7 0.8 94.5 30 14.4 92.6
Petroleum - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 12.1 100.0
Chemicals 38.9 47.8 122 2.7 0.5 96.9 30 9.2 89.4
Wood, paper, etc. 48.8 25.0 65 1.6 3.9 82.4 30 3.4 70.4
Textiles - - - 0 0.9 94.5 30 5.8 96.0
Clothing - - - 0 4.3 50.7 79 1.4 45.2

1. European Union 2015 242 8 12 13.3 48.1 48.1 100.0 100.0
2. Madagascar 2015 24 6 8 15.0 11.2 11.2 100.0 100.0
4. Zimbabwe 2015 16 4 5 18.6 8.2 8.2 100.0 100.0
5. South Africa 2015 11 4 4 10.4 12.0 11.8 94.6 99.2
1. European Union 2015 758 33 134 5.1 13.6 13.6 99.9 100.0
2. Zambia 2015 474 10 19 13.7 22.8 22.8 100.0 100.0
4. South Africa 2015 169 17 60 17.3 37.3 37.2 99.9 100.0
5. Viet Nam 2015 92 2 2 17.5 0.6 0.0 8.2 96.8

119
Mexico
Mexico

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.4 0.2 4.0 0 11.6 75.8 2.0 6.0 7.3
MFN applied 2016 20.7 2.5 27.3 8.5 34.2 4.9 1.8 0 4.7
Imports 2015 36.8 4.4 10.3 5.6 30.4 1.5 4.9 6.1 6.9
Final bound 0.3 0 0.5 0.1 2.2 97.0 0 0.0 0.0
MFN applied 2016 55.2 7.7 14.2 11.6 11.0 0.2 0 0 0.1
Imports 2015 70.7 11.1 6.5 6.7 4.9 0.2 0 0 0.0

Animal products 62.3 0 254 100 21.7 5.6 100 1.1 2.8
Dairy products 63.0 0 156 100 21.6 3.1 50 0.4 8.6
Coffee, tea 64.6 0 156 100 20.8 20.8 50 0.2 9.0
Cotton 39.4 0 45 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 34.3 0.9 50 100 2.8 75.6 15 11.9 79.8
Petroleum 38.0 0 50 100 0.1 98.1 4 5.2 97.5
Chemicals 35.2 0.1 156 100 2.3 72.0 20 12.1 51.4
Wood, paper, etc. 34.2 0.8 50 100 4.5 50.6 20 3.1 62.2
Textiles 35.0 0 50 100 9.8 11.3 25 2.5 23.0
Clothing 35.1 0 50 100 21.2 0 25 0.9 0

2. Canada 2015 1,642 14 68 8.0 1.3 1.2 96.9 100.0
3. European Union 2015 1,243 21 70 12.3 6.4 4.5 77.0 85.9
4. Japan 2015 838 14 40 11.0 10.3 4.3 69.0 47.8
5. Guatemala 2015 335 18 54 10.7 13.6 11.3 89.5 83.2
2. Canada 2015 22,260 42 357 3.2 3.1 3.1 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 18,687 52 446 4.4 2.1 2.1 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 9,876 29 207 9.3 5.1 0.0 10.2 57.5
5. Brazil 2015 4,301 41 320 13.2 17.7 14.9 29.1 74.4

120
Moldova, Republic of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 3.2 10.4 30.7 36.0 16.0 1.2 1.8 0 9.0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 9.4 15.1 25.6 34.3 11.8 1.8 0.1 0 10.1
Imports 2015 9.9 12.1 24.6 39.0 11.1 2.4 0 0 19.8
Final bound 28.3 13.7 47.4 10.5 0.1 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 41.7 20.4 29.1 8.5 0.1 0 0 0 0.2
Imports 2015 59.4 11.1 24.3 5.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 17.2 1.1 30 100 15.3 13.3 30 0.9 12.3
Dairy products 14.2 0 34 100 14.3 1.0 34 0.7 0
Coffee, tea 10.6 0 15 100 10.6 0 15 1.1 0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 3.4 59.1 20 100 2.7 66.3 20 19.3 82.3
Petroleum 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 10.0 100.0
Chemicals 4.5 25.8 10 100 3.9 28.8 7 15.4 48.2
Wood, paper, etc. 5.9 32.6 15 100 4.6 41.6 15 5.6 48.5
Textiles 7.9 1.5 20 100 5.3 29.5 20 5.9 35.0
Clothing 12.0 0 12 100 11.9 0 12 1.8 0

1. European Union 2015 446 17 51 12.4 9.5 9.4 93.2 99.7
2. Turkey 2015 193 3 6 35.3 35.4 0.0 24.4 8.4
3. Belarus 2015 139 6 18 10.9 11.0 11.0 100.0 100.0
5. Kazakhstan 2015 57 5 16 13.9 33.1 33.1 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 576 38 168 4.4 4.0 4.0 100.0 100.0
3. Serbia 2015 33 4 7 15.9 9.7 9.7 100.0 100.0
4. Turkey 2015 24 12 24 8.3 6.8 6.8 99.5 100.0

121
Mongolia
Mongolia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.7 0.7 0.8 24.8 71.2 1.5 0.3 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0.8 89.3 0.1 6.7 2.4 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0.1 92.4 0.3 4.1 2.8 0.4 0 0 0.0
Final bound 1.7 0.1 20.2 0.0 74.2 3.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 1.0 98.4 0.2 0.0 0.4 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 3.1 95.4 0 0 1.5 0 0 0 0

Animal products 15.3 4.9 20 100 7.2 4.1 20 0.5 1.1
Dairy products 16.4 0 20 100 12.4 0 20 0.4 0
Coffee, tea 19.7 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 1.5 0
Cotton 19.0 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 19.6 0 20 100 5.1 0 20 15.5 0
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100 3.9 22.5 5 18.6 0.7
Chemicals 5.8 5.4 20 100 5.0 0 7 8.5 0
Wood, paper, etc. 19.4 0 30 100 5.4 0 20 3.8 0
Textiles 19.7 0.2 30 100 5.1 0 20 1.1 0
Clothing 25.9 0 30 100 5.1 0 20 0.6 0

1. China 2015 212 4 5 11.6 13.5 0.0 5.3 0.1
2. European Union 2015 51 2 2 7.5 0.0 0.0 67.3 100.0
4. India 2015 3 1 3 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Switzerland 2015 3 1 1 2.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 3,584 2 5 9.6 0.5 0.0 16.7 83.9
2. Switzerland 2015 399 1 1 2.6 0.0 0.0 34.3 99.8
3. Japan 2015 50 10 10 5.5 0.9 0.3 48.9 90.8
5. European Union 2015 38 19 60 4.5 6.1 6.1 99.5 98.0

122
Montenegro
Montenegro

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 23.0 16.6 24.3 12.0 15.1 9.0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 29.5 26.6 12.2 10.4 13.0 7.8 0 0 4.0
Imports 2015 8.2 11.4 12.5 19.3 21.2 26.6 0 0 24.6
Final bound 33.2 28.2 30.9 7.5 0.2 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 30.3 50.2 18.1 1.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2015 43.5 37.8 17.8 0.8 0.1 0 0 0 0.1

Animal products 14.4 19.1 50 100 13.4 20.3 40 6.1 0.8
Dairy products 32.8 0 50 100 29.3 1.0 50 2.2 0
Coffee, tea 10.1 4.2 20 100 9.0 12.5 21 1.7 0.0
Beverages & tobacco 21.5 6.4 50 100 19.0 0 50 3.7 0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 2.7 55.5 20 100 2.4 50.3 20 12.5 27.1
Petroleum 2.6 20.0 5 100 1.7 32.7 5 7.6 95.0
Chemicals 5.0 16.1 7 100 1.7 17.4 7 13.0 36.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.3 96.3 15 100 0.4 88.0 10 6.0 61.7
Textiles 6.7 1.6 13 100 3.5 2.5 13 1.7 5.1
Clothing 11.4 0 12 100 10.0 0 10 3.0 0

1. Pakistan 2015 35 2 5 7.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Serbia 2015 18 10 22 21.1 26.2 26.2 100.0 100.0
3. Bosnia and Herzegovina 2015 12 6 16 24.4 22.7 22.7 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2015 8 10 25 7.8 5.9 5.2 60.4 84.2
1. European Union 2015 146 18 53 3.5 3.3 3.3 100.0 100.0
2. Serbia 2015 42 24 60 8.2 4.2 4.2 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 23 1 2 5.4 0.0 0.0 33.3 100.0
5. Albania 2015 19 5 8 0.8 0.5 0.5 100.0 100.0

123
Morocco
Morocco

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.1 0 4.0 79.7 4.1 12.1 0
MFN applied 2016 0 34.6 13.2 0 15.7 30.0 3.6 2.9 0
Imports 2015 0 52.3 6.5 0 9.7 31.1 0.1 0.3 0
Final bound 0.0 0.1 0.4 0 1.8 97.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0.0 63.3 10.9 0 24.9 0.9 0 0 0
Imports 2015 2.1 62.9 8.0 0 27.0 0.0 0 0 0

Animal products 94.5 0 289 100 69.8 0 200 0.2 0
Dairy products 76.7 0 87 100 50.9 0 100 0.5 0
Coffee, tea 34.0 0 34 100 14.7 0 33 0.9 0
Cotton 22.0 0 34 100 2.5 0 3 0.1 0
Minerals & metals 39.4 0.2 45 100 8.9 0.1 25 18.7 9.9
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 13.0 0 25 11.6 0
Chemicals 39.0 0 45 100 5.4 0 25 11.6 0
Wood, paper, etc. 39.0 0 45 100 15.1 0 25 4.0 0
Textiles 41.8 0 45 100 8.6 0 25 7.1 0
Clothing 40.2 0 45 100 24.3 0 25 1.1 0
Transport equipment 38.7 0 45 100 9.3 0 25 10.5 0

1. European Union 2015 1,980 18 63 13.9 14.6 10.0 98.0 78.0
3. Belarus 2015 245 2 22 8.8 6.9 1.7 3.3 27.5
5. Canada 2015 104 7 11 3.3 0.1 0.0 67.2 98.4
1. European Union 2015 11,407 49 267 4.9 7.1 7.1 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 1,074 3 3 9.4 5.1 0.7 11.2 1.3
4. Brazil 2015 737 9 15 19.8 1.6 0.0 13.1 89.2
5. Turkey 2015 691 21 41 7.6 6.7 5.7 99.0 90.1

124
Mozambique
Mozambique

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 0.8 23.2 15.9 0 60.2 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0.7 35.1 25.4 0 38.8 0 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0.4 0 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 4.0 34.5 32.0 0 29.4 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 10.5 47.7 29.0 0 12.8 0 0 0 0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 18.1 0.5 20 0.7 0.0
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 16.3 4.2 20 0.5 0.0
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 17.2 0 20 0.2 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 2.5 0 3 0.0 0
Minerals & metals - - - 0 7.2 0.3 20 18.2 0.5
Petroleum - - - 0 5.9 0 8 9.1 0
Chemicals 100.0 0 100 0.4 4.9 11.0 20 10.3 45.7
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 9.8 2.4 20 3.1 10.4
Textiles - - - 0 14.5 6.0 20 2.3 12.1
Clothing - - - 0 20.0 0 20 0.5 0
Electrical machinery - - - 0 8.9 0 20 7.7 0

1. European Union 2015 284 4 5 9.5 30.2 30.2 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 107 5 8 31.3 26.1 3.1 25.0 34.8
3. South Africa 2015 67 9 16 9.1 13.3 13.3 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 61 1 1 11.2 10.3 10.3 92.3 98.8
1. European Union 2015 1,298 7 10 3.5 2.6 2.6 100.0 100.0
2. South Africa 2015 748 4 8 6.4 0.9 0.9 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 391 4 7 4.4 0.4 0.4 98.8 100.0
4. India 2015 256 3 4 7.5 1.8 1.7 81.5 97.0
5. Zimbabwe 2015 127 8 18 22.2 6.7 6.7 99.7 100.0

125
Myanmar
Myanmar

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.8 0.7 10.8 4.4 12.5 6.7 15.7 48.3 0.7
MFN applied 2015 10.4 43.2 2.0 40.6 0.7 3.1 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 1.1 0 0.4 0 2.0 1.7 0.1 0.1 0
MFN applied 2015 2.9 66.5 16.5 9.0 4.7 0.5 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 111.0 0 165 100 9.8 30.6 15
Dairy products 39.8 0 110 100 3.4 0 5
Fruit, vegetables, plants 135.2 2.9 165 100 11.6 8.5 15
Coffee, tea 151.3 0 220 100 14.0 0 20
Cotton 27.3 0 39 100 0.8 20.0 1
Minerals & metals 23.8 11.7 50 8.5 3.4 5.7 30
Petroleum 25.0 0 25 100 1.7 0 3
Chemicals 30.2 2.8 55 4.2 2.2 1.2 20
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 6.8 4.9 15
Textiles 26.0 0 30 0.9 8.3 0.1 20
Clothing - - - 0 16.9 0 20
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0 5.3 0 20
Non-electrical machinery 8.6 43.9 30 12.6 1.7 6.7 15
Electrical machinery 0.0 100.0 0 0.4 4.5 0 20
Transport equipment 0.0 100.0 0 9.2 3.8 2.9 40
Manufactures, n.e.s. 29.6 0 30 7.2 5.9 0 30

1. India 2015 853 8 24 24.5 28.3 17.7 17.1 5.2
2. China 2015 136 5 14 16.5 20.9 14.2 90.4 86.0
3. Thailand 2015 119 7 14 32.7 17.9 17.9 99.1 99.8
4. European Union 2015 105 3 7 9.9 13.9 13.9 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 4,780 7 17 12.6 5.6 5.4 99.1 98.5
2. Thailand 2015 3,438 2 2 13.5 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0
3. Japan 2015 814 16 96 9.0 10.3 10.2 96.7 97.8
4. European Union 2015 611 15 96 5.6 10.1 10.1 99.9 100.0

126
Namibia
Namibia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 22.5 2.3 1.6 1.5 9.8 36.6 22.6 3.0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 46.1 11.2 13.8 6.6 15.8 6.0 0.3 0.2 13.8
Imports 2015 19.4 16.8 9.2 6.6 29.0 18.0 0.5 0.4 28.7
Final bound 13.0 5.2 21.4 20.1 19.8 14.0 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2016 63.5 2.3 5.7 8.0 13.2 7.4 0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2015 48.8 16.1 4.1 7.6 18.6 4.7 0 0.0 15.7

Animal products 37.4 30.6 160 100 10.9 60.6 82 0.9 22.1
Dairy products 93.3 0 96 100 7.5 23.8 18 0.5 26.8
Coffee, tea 65.4 20.8 170 100 7.2 45.8 25 0.3 13.0
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 4.4 66.7 15 0.0 31.1
Minerals & metals 11.7 16.1 30 96.0 4.0 71.6 30 20.4 75.1
Petroleum - - - 0 0.6 55.6 15 14.2 1.0
Chemicals 12.4 6.3 30 99.6 2.3 83.2 20 8.9 55.6
Wood, paper, etc. 11.7 12.7 30 100 6.1 61.2 45 4.1 38.7
Textiles 22.2 3.1 30 99.1 16.9 18.1 156 1.2 10.9
Clothing 44.9 0 45 100 41.0 2.1 45 2.4 0.1

1. South Africa 2015 237 9 22 13.6 8.8 8.8 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 125 3 4 11.2 27.3 27.3 100.0 100.0
3. Norway 2015 25 1 3 64.1 305.9 223.0 82.4 8.1
4. Angola 2015 12 15 29 25.2 25.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Botswana 2015 7 4 5 14.3 9.7 9.7 100.0 100.0
1. Botswana 2015 1,116 2 3 9.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 846 9 20 4.1 3.7 3.7 99.8 100.0
3. South Africa 2015 270 32 157 9.1 2.7 2.7 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 211 6 11 6.0 2.6 0.0 41.0 46.0

127
Nauru
Nauru

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 18.6 0 72.0 0.7 0 5.3 1.0 2.4 4.3
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 1.8 0.0 94.9 0.4 1.6 0.3 0 0 1.1
Imports

Fruit, vegetables, plants 4.4 59.2 30
Coffee, tea 13.3 16.7 30
Beverages & tobacco 210.1 6.3 > 1000
Cotton 10.0 0 10
Petroleum 12.2 0 43
Clothing 10.0 0 10
Electrical machinery 10.0 0 10

1. Australia 2015 0 1 1 2.5 4.8 4.8 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 0 1 1 12.2 12.8 3.9 0.0 0.0
3. Madagascar 2015 0 1 1 20.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Nigeria 2014 0 1 1 23.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. Australia 2015 11 1 1 4.4 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 6 1 1 7.3 5.0 0.0 16.7 0.0
3. Japan 2015 5 1 1 1.7 0.1 0.0 50.0 98.5
4. Hong Kong, China 2015 1 6 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 1 6 8 1.5 0.7 0.7 97.1 100.0

128
Nepal
Nepal

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.7 3.3 0.5 5.2 82.5 6.9 0.9 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 1.5 9.0 63.8 13.2 2.4 8.2 0.8 1.1 2.8
Imports 2015 0 19.4 60.5 7.0 3.6 8.1 0.9 0.6 4.1
Final bound 2.9 1.5 3.3 5.4 46.9 39.3 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2016 3.9 27.4 28.1 26.1 9.0 4.9 0.6 0 0.4
Imports 2015 6.3 43.3 11.0 23.7 7.6 6.7 1.5 0 12.6

Animal products 34.5 0 60 100 10.5 0 15 0.4 0
Dairy products 46.0 0 50 100 16.0 0 20 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 40.8 0 50 100 24.2 0 30 0.2 0
Cotton 36.0 0 40 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 31.1 0 50 100 8.0 4.8 20 1.3 0
Minerals & metals 25.3 0.1 40 99.4 11.9 2.8 33 27.3 0.0
Petroleum 15.0 0 15 16.7 22.0 0 30 9.2 0
Chemicals 21.5 0.4 40 100 11.4 0.5 30 10.9 1.7
Wood, paper, etc. 24.4 0 40 100 13.9 3.0 30 2.5 0
Textiles 26.3 0 40 99.8 12.4 0 30 4.1 0
Clothing 29.9 0 30 100 19.9 0 20 1.6 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 27.3 0 40 100 11.5 0.6 20 1.2 0
Transport equipment 27.6 0 60 99.2 18.6 0.8 80 8.5 0

1. India 2015 200 17 39 30.3 36.3 36.3 98.7 99.6
2. European Union 2015 5 10 19 12.0 7.0 7.0 100.0 100.0
4. Singapore 2015 3 3 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 2 4 4 9.8 10.3 10.3 100.0 100.0
1. India 2015 270 19 41 10.0 9.0 9.0 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 103 29 161 5.9 7.3 7.3 99.9 100.0
4. China 2015 21 32 68 12.9 10.0 10.0 98.4 99.6
5. Turkey 2015 16 3 4 4.6 4.1 0.9 53.7 3.8

129
New Zealand
New Zealand

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 53.6 2.9 12.7 17.2 11.2 2.4 0 0 0.2
MFN applied 2016 72.4 27.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
Imports 2015 50.0 50.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2
Final bound 46.3 7.3 8.9 3.2 21.6 11.8 0.3 0.1 3.7
MFN applied 2016 62.5 31.3 5.7 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.5
Imports 2015 64.0 30.8 4.8 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.4

Animal products 7.0 44.0 22 100 1.5 69.4 5 0.7 48.7
Dairy products 10.1 0 19 100 1.3 73.0 5 0.4 39.5
Coffee, tea 8.9 41.7 22 100 2.3 54.2 5 0.9 36.1
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 8.6 46.7 45 100 1.8 64.4 10 8.9 49.0
Petroleum 1.3 92.6 27 100 0.5 90.2 5 9.8 99.4
Chemicals 4.4 72.7 435 100 0.8 84.3 10 11.3 60.3
Wood, paper, etc. 5.0 70.2 35 100 1.3 74.6 10 4.6 64.9
Textiles 10.8 34.8 45 100 1.9 66.7 28 2.5 25.9
Clothing 39.9 0.2 148 100 9.7 1.2 10 3.0 0.0

1. China 2015 4,038 12 32 15.3 13.2 11.5 86.5 32.6
3. European Union 2015 2,573 14 35 14.5 22.3 0.0 16.7 15.5
4. Australia 2015 2,290 20 75 1.9 3.2 3.2 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2015 1,284 16 53 24.3 25.2 0.0 28.1 11.2
1. Australia 2015 3,333 52 442 3.4 2.5 2.5 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 2,546 22 63 8.3 3.0 2.9 97.0 97.8
4. Japan 2015 1,088 17 42 2.8 1.2 0.0 60.3 71.7
5. European Union 2015 983 58 389 4.4 2.3 0.0 21.0 60.1

130
Nicaragua
Nicaragua

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 89.9 9.5 0.6 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 25.6 12.6 13.7 42.5 0.2 3.8 1.5 0.1 0
Imports 2015 21.2 11.2 5.1 53.1 0.9 5.7 2.2 0.4 0
Final bound 2.3 0 0.1 0 0 91.1 6.6 0 0
MFN applied 2016 55.0 11.2 14.7 19.1 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 56.0 12.8 11.3 19.9 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 50.5 0 200 100 14.6 7.7 164 1.0 14.9
Dairy products 66.3 0 70 100 26.1 6.0 60 0.5 6.5
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 13.4 2.1 15 0.3 0.1
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 40.1 0.1 70 100 3.2 67.2 15 12.5 53.8
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 6.9 35.0 15 11.7 93.7
Chemicals 40.0 0.1 40 100 1.8 81.2 15 18.9 50.6
Wood, paper, etc. 40.0 0 40 100 6.0 46.4 15 5.3 30.1
Textiles 41.4 0 100 100 8.2 13.0 15 2.0 15.7
Clothing 60.0 0 60 100 14.8 1.5 15 0.8 0.8

2. El Salvador 2015 220 12 22 14.6 30.5 30.5 99.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 216 10 13 8.6 6.0 3.1 97.0 95.9
4. Costa Rica 2015 99 14 33 13.7 16.0 15.7 98.0 94.3
5. Guatemala 2015 94 12 22 11.6 13.4 13.4 98.8 100.0
2. Mexico 2015 458 3 4 9.5 6.7 6.7 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 141 5 11 6.5 10.9 10.9 100.0 100.0
4. Canada 2015 102 5 13 8.3 6.3 0.0 43.6 64.6
5. Chinese Taipei 2015 47 2 4 12.0 17.9 17.9 56.1 99.1

131
Niger
Niger

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 73.8 0.8 23.3 0
MFN applied 2016 0 27.0 19.2 0 41.7 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0 10.4 42.1 0 32.4 15.0 0 0 0
Final bound 0.7 11.6 6.3 5.1 3.9 68.6 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2016 1.8 39.8 21.9 0 36.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 4.2 56.1 16.5 0 22.3 1.0 0 0 0

Animal products 133.8 0 200 100 24.5 0 35 0.3 0
Dairy products 31.6 0 50 100 17.0 0 35 1.5 0
Coffee, tea 50.0 0 50 100 18.5 0 35 0.5 0
Cotton 50.0 0 50 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 45.5 4.0 50 100 15.6 0 20 0.2 0
Minerals & metals 47.6 0.7 50 96.6 11.6 1.9 20 10.6 3.4
Petroleum 14.6 0 50 100 7.7 19.0 10 3.2 0
Chemicals 49.6 0 50 96.0 7.4 3.8 35 5.6 39.2
Wood, paper, etc. 48.2 0 50 100 11.3 5.1 20 1.6 10.8
Textiles 40.9 0 50 90.2 16.1 0.3 35 2.8 17.6
Clothing 25.3 0 50 100 20.0 0 20 0.4 0
Non-electrical machinery 9.7 3.4 50 100 6.8 0 20 9.2 0

1. China 2015 120 1 1 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
2. Côte d'Ivoire 2015 5 1 1 15.4 34.5 34.5 100.0 100.0
3. Nigeria 2014 4 5 7 14.6 7.5 7.5 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2015 2 1 1 3.1 3.0 3.0 100.0 100.0
5. Benin 2015 1 3 3 19.3 15.9 15.9 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 128 1 1 2.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Switzerland 2015 29 1 1 1.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 21 1 1 5.2 6.1 6.1 98.0 99.5

132
Nigeria
Nigeria

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 0 28.4 18.0 0 41.6 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2014 0 54.1 28.7 0 9.6 7.6 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 5.3 1.4 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 3.0 39.4 21.1 0 35.7 0.9 0 0 0
Imports 2014 5.4 49.8 24.6 0 10.9 9.3 0 0 0.1

Animal products 150.0 0 150 100 24.5 0 35 0.0 0
Dairy products 150.0 0 150 100 16.0 0 35 1.9 0
Coffee, tea 150.0 0 150 100 18.3 0 35 0.2 0
Cotton 150.0 0 150 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 54.9 0 70 4.5 11.4 4.0 20 12.9 14.9
Petroleum - - - 0 6.8 19.0 10 15.3 0
Chemicals 74.6 0 150 1.5 7.3 3.9 35 11.6 4.0
Wood, paper, etc. 80.0 0 80 1.6 11.2 5.1 20 2.6 16.6
Textiles 60.0 0 60 1.4 16.0 0.3 35 1.6 2.8
Clothing - - - 0 20.0 0 20 0.1 0

1. European Union 2015 517 4 6 10.1 0.6 0.2 32.2 93.3
2. Turkey 2015 138 1 1 19.5 9.8 0.0 25.0 2.3
3. Viet Nam 2015 102 2 2 6.4 5.6 0.0 33.3 0.2
4. Japan 2015 97 1 1 7.4 0.0 0.0 87.5 100.0
5. India 2015 85 7 9 29.5 9.6 0.4 21.1 70.2
1. European Union 2015 19,869 1 2 3.7 0.1 0.0 78.5 99.6
2. India 2015 9,865 1 2 9.1 0.4 0.0 2.9 91.7
3. Brazil 2015 4,633 1 2 13.3 0.0 0.0 29.4 100.0
4. South Africa 2015 2,963 1 1 13.3 0.0 0.0 46.7 99.8
5. Japan 2015 2,720 1 2 1.0 0.0 0.0 84.0 100.0

133
Norway
Norway

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 28.0 21.4 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.5 3.5 42.4 66.7
MFN applied 2016 51.6 3.2 3.0 4.0 5.2 9.4 11.9 11.6 43.5
Imports 2015 47.1 1.1 0.7 8.6 4.6 8.2 23.4 6.3 47.9
Final bound 51.7 25.5 12.5 10.3 0 0 0 0.0 2.3
MFN applied 2016 95.3 0.0 1.2 3.5 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Imports 2015 96.2 0.0 0.4 2.9 0.0 0.5 0 0.0 0.5

Animal products 343.0 8.8 556 100 118.0 13.3 555 0.3 2.3
Dairy products 322.5 0 453 100 120.9 0 443 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 38.9 52.1 474 100 4.2 79.2 76 0.6 63.3
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 0.9 78.8 12 100 0.0 100.0 0 13.7 100.0
Petroleum 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 3.5 100.0
Chemicals 2.5 58.5 7 100 0.0 100.0 0 11.1 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.3 72.0 5 100 0.0 100.0 0 6.3 100.0
Textiles 7.1 15.9 14 100 0.4 95.5 11 1.6 86.8
Clothing 11.1 0 14 100 7.8 16.5 11 2.9 4.9

1. European Union 2015 488 27 101 14.3 6.0 3.9 37.3 83.4
3. Canada 2015 18 5 6 31.3 169.5 1.6 69.9 30.8
5. Australia 2015 15 4 4 1.9 7.7 0.0 70.0 43.2
1. European Union 2015 60,285 47 363 4.7 1.4 1.2 94.1 92.2
3. China 2015 4,140 25 155 7.4 8.4 0.0 16.6 15.0
5. Japan 2015 1,761 21 87 1.4 2.8 0.0 69.9 44.2

134
Oman
Oman

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 9.6 6.8 72.1 0.1 1.6 2.8 6.9 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 23.4 68.0 0 0 0 0 6.4 0.7 2.8
Imports 2015 36.3 55.5 0 0 0 0 1.1 7.1 7.2
Final bound 7.1 6.4 21.1 61.0 4.5 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 8.2 91.5 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.3
Imports 2015 12.3 87.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 49.7 0 200 100 18.0 36.5 100 2.2 40.4
Dairy products 19.8 0 75 100 5.0 0 5 2.2 0
Coffee, tea 15.0 0 15 100 7.1 37.5 100 0.5 31.0
Cotton 13.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 14.4 1.9 20 100 4.9 2.3 5 23.6 7.1
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 12.4 0
Chemicals 5.5 10.7 15 100 4.4 11.0 5 13.1 15.1
Wood, paper, etc. 7.6 2.2 15 100 4.7 5.2 5 3.3 4.9
Textiles 14.8 0.2 15 100 5.0 0.2 5 2.0 0.6
Clothing 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 1.3 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 14.3 4.7 15 100 6.9 0 100 1.7 0

3. Yemen 2015 52 9 17 8.7 8.2 8.2 100.0 100.0
4. Qatar 2015 35 13 41 7.4 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 15,047 2 2 6.9 0.2 0.0 18.5 95.2
3. Chinese Taipei 2015 2,254 2 2 10.2 0.0 0.0 45.8 99.9
4. India 2015 1,664 45 175 8.8 5.8 0.0 2.9 10.2
5. Japan 2015 1,501 1 2 0.8 0.0 0.0 78.9 99.9

135
Pakistan
Pakistan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 3.0 0 0.3 0.1 0.5 90.6 2.2 0.1
MFN applied 2016 0 35.5 2.7 14.8 44.7 0.1 2.2 0.0 4.5
Imports 2015 0 37.7 48.0 2.3 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 30.4
Final bound 0 1.8 0.0 1.9 14.0 17.8 63.5 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0 40.8 0.0 15.6 41.0 2.5 0.2 0 0.1
Imports 2015 0 59.6 16.5 5.8 13.1 2.5 2.5 0 0.0

Animal products 94.0 0 100 94.6 12.1 0 20 0.1 0
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 20.0 0 20 0.5 0
Coffee, tea 108.3 0 150 100 11.4 0 20 1.1 0
Beverages & tobacco 99.1 0 100 65.3 43.4 0 90 0.1 0
Cotton 13.0 0 25 100 7.8 0 11 1.2 0
Other agricultural products 83.9 0 100 99.3 6.8 0 20 0.9 0
Minerals & metals 64.8 0 75 100 11.2 0 35 15.1 0
Petroleum 66.2 0 75 100 11.5 0 20 20.3 0
Chemicals 57.4 0 100 99.9 8.0 0 20 14.7 0
Wood, paper, etc. 57.8 0 75 100 14.1 0 35 2.3 0
Textiles 23.0 0 75 100 15.4 0 35 5.5 0
Clothing 25.0 0 50 100 19.8 0 20 0.2 0
Non-electrical machinery 61.1 0 75 99.6 7.2 0 35 9.3 0
Transport equipment 61.4 0 75 67.2 22.7 0 100 6.0 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 64.1 0 75 99.7 11.2 0 35 2.7 0

1. European Union 2015 399 18 52 13.1 6.2 3.0 83.8 64.1
2. China 2015 363 6 7 15.3 45.5 13.3 30.5 32.8
5. Oman 2015 159 8 13 4.9 0.2 0.0 36.8 97.0
1. European Union 2015 6,217 28 229 4.9 9.6 9.6 99.6 99.9
3. China 2015 2,110 15 50 11.6 5.6 2.7 41.5 29.3
4. Bangladesh 2015 723 18 85 15.9 19.1 2.9 19.0 12.5
5. India 2015 309 50 340 11.2 7.2 1.1 1.6 23.0

136
Palau
Palau

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 66.5 29.0 0 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 2.5 3.5
Imports 2015 78.0 2.4 0 3.3 0.4 3.1 8.8 4.0 19.2
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 5.4 92.3 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0 2.2
Imports 2015 3.4 87.2 7.3 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0 31.5

Animal products 0.9 68.8 3 4.7 99.8
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0 1.2 100.0
Coffee, tea 0.0 100.0 0 1.9 100.0
Beverages & tobacco 99.6 37.2 > 1000 6.2 23.9
Cotton 3.0 0 3 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 3.0 0.1 3 7.2 0.4
Petroleum 2.7 0 3 17.6 0
Chemicals 3.3 3.6 25 7.4 10.7
Wood, paper, etc. 3.0 0 3 4.7 0
Textiles 3.0 0.2 3 1.6 13.5
Clothing 3.0 0 3 1.6 0
Non-electrical machinery 3.4 0 69 8.4 0
Transport equipment 5.0 0 35 10.7 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 3.0 0 6 5.8 0

1. Japan 2015 0 2 3 16.3 20.4 14.4 75.0 59.8
3. European Union 2015 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Fiji 2015 0 1 1 280.3 280.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. Japan 2015 8 1 2 2.2 3.5 0.0 50.0 0.0
2. India 2015 4 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Turkey 2015 2 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Mexico 2015 1 4 10 2.6 0.3 0.0 67.6 96.5

137
Panama
Panama

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.4 7.3 6.5 6.2 8.3 66.7 3.7 0.6 0.2
MFN applied 2015 25.7 4.3 25.0 38.0 1.1 3.0 2.3 0.7 0
Imports 2015 25.5 5.8 35.3 14.9 2.7 10.9 4.6 0.3 0
Final bound 4.5 3.8 19.9 4.7 3.1 63.8 0.0 0 0.2
MFN applied 2015 39.7 15.4 25.0 19.8 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.1
Imports 2015 45.6 15.1 25.2 14.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.1

Animal products 32.0 0.5 260 100 18.9 13.1 260 1.5 27.7
Dairy products 39.9 0 156 100 34.1 7.1 155 1.0 10.0
Coffee, tea 31.4 0 81 100 16.9 16.7 54 0.5 4.9
Cotton 10.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 26.9 2.4 81 100 6.9 37.2 81 14.7 42.2
Petroleum 28.7 0 30 100 4.0 55.6 30 4.3 83.5
Chemicals 6.2 8.8 30 100 1.7 75.1 15 14.3 53.6
Wood, paper, etc. 27.7 0.4 30 100 7.8 35.7 15 5.7 22.5
Textiles 28.4 0.2 33 100 3.4 70.6 15 1.4 35.5
Clothing 29.6 0 36 100 10.7 0.4 15 2.1 0.0

1. European Union 2015 196 7 11 7.0 13.0 13.0 82.7 99.7
3. Switzerland 2015 42 1 1 7.7 9.7 9.7 76.2 99.9
4. Israel 2015 35 9 14 6.6 6.7 0.0 48.5 82.2
5. Guatemala 2015 29 10 19 12.8 13.2 12.1 63.5 85.1
1. Ecuador 2015 1,019 38 211 15.9 7.3 0.2 31.9 69.1
2. Guatemala 2015 565 52 421 6.6 6.9 6.1 84.2 79.6
4. China 2015 314 4 5 10.1 0.1 0.0 24.9 91.7
5. European Union 2015 302 32 70 4.0 3.4 3.4 100.0 100.0

138
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.5 0.3 19.1 5.7 37.2 36.2 1.1 6.0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0 0.1 0 29.9 0.0 58.0 12.1 0 0.1
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 58.3 0 100 100
Cotton 11.0 0 11 100
Petroleum 33.0 0 40 100
Chemicals 19.3 0 55 100
Wood, paper, etc. 57.3 0 100 100
Textiles 27.7 0 75 100
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100

1. European Union 2015 559 3 6 12.4 4.1 4.1 100.0 100.0
2. Malaysia 2015 91 3 5 3.2 0.5 0.0 58.8 90.9
4. Philippines 2015 38 1 1 5.5 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Australia 2015 32 3 5 0.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Japan 2015 2,683 2 4 1.8 0.0 0.0 67.7 99.4
2. Australia 2015 2,212 2 3 2.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 1,771 3 5 2.8 0.0 0.0 60.8 99.7
4. Chinese Taipei 2015 627 1 1 12.4 0.0 0.0 41.3 99.9

139
Paraguay
Paraguay

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 3.4 3.3 2.0 91.3 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 7.4 7.6 56.8 14.4 13.1 0.7 0 0 0
Imports 2015 10.7 5.7 13.1 23.5 47.0 0.0 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 3.3 1.5 2.4 92.8 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 14.9 20.7 17.1 16.9 29.9 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 38.5 23.0 10.3 12.9 15.3 0.0 0 0 0

Animal products 33.6 0 35 100 8.3 6.5 16 0.2 27.2
Dairy products 34.3 0 35 100 15.0 0 16 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 34.2 0 35 100 11.7 0 20 0.4 0
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 6.4 0 8 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 34.3 0 35 100 9.5 7.6 22 13.1 37.1
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 0.1 97.2 6 12.4 100.0
Chemicals 33.8 0 35 100 7.6 3.4 35 15.1 17.7
Wood, paper, etc. 33.1 0 35 100 10.2 5.6 25 3.1 16.3
Textiles 33.2 0 35 100 16.3 1.9 26 2.6 20.7
Clothing 34.9 0 35 100 20.6 0 25 1.5 0

1. European Union 2015 1,014 7 10 14.6 1.9 0.3 76.8 96.6
3. Chile 2015 689 3 4 6.0 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0
4. Brazil 2015 536 7 15 10.2 9.9 9.9 100.0 100.0
5. Peru 2015 193 4 4 4.0 0.2 0.1 76.2 98.1
1. Argentina 2015 377 11 14 19.0 3.2 3.2 99.4 100.0
2. Brazil 2015 349 27 61 20.5 19.8 19.8 99.3 100.0
3. European Union 2015 161 6 11 3.8 0.4 0.4 99.7 100.0
4. Bolivia, Plurinational State of 2015 65 16 38 15.4 8.1 8.1 99.7 100.0

140
Peru
Peru

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 97.7 2.3 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 52.6 0 41.8 2.3 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 49.3 0 21.3 0.8 0 0 0 0 28.5
Final bound 2.2 0 0 0 0 97.8 0 0 0
MFN applied 2015 70.0 0 18.4 11.6 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 73.2 0 21.7 5.1 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 30.0 0 30 100 5.0 26.6 11 0.4 30.7
Dairy products 36.7 0 68 100 0.0 52.4 0 0.5 15.7
Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100 4.5 37.5 11 0.2 59.5
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 2.4 60.0 6 0.3 0.0
Minerals & metals 30.0 0.1 30 100 0.8 86.4 6 12.1 89.7
Petroleum 30.0 0 30 100 0.0 100.0 0 10.0 100.0
Chemicals 30.0 0.1 30 100 1.2 80.8 6 14.2 63.3
Wood, paper, etc. 30.0 0 30 100 2.7 55.2 6 3.4 49.4
Textiles 30.0 0 30 100 6.3 32.2 11 3.3 16.4
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 11.0 0 11 1.9 0

1. European Union 2015 2,135 17 41 11.8 6.5 6.5 95.6 99.8
3. China 2015 284 5 8 12.2 11.8 10.9 61.2 83.3
4. Ecuador 2015 254 16 39 18.1 18.5 18.5 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2015 244 10 32 3.3 0.6 0.6 98.8 100.0
1. China 2015 7,666 5 9 11.8 0.5 0.4 37.6 97.0
2. European Union 2015 3,335 21 56 5.2 2.1 2.1 99.9 99.9
4. Switzerland 2015 3,013 1 1 2.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2015 2,306 5 10 6.1 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0

141
Philippines
Philippines

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 2.9 5.4 0.7 9.5 80.4 0.6 0 0.6
MFN applied 2016 0.5 49.2 27.6 9.5 3.4 9.4 0.4 0 0
Imports 2015 7.5 36.2 31.5 9.3 0.6 14.9 0.1 0 0
Final bound 2.9 0.0 8.0 0.2 25.9 24.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 3.9 58.1 23.8 12.8 0.9 0.6 0 0 0
Imports 2015 41.8 35.7 11.4 4.8 1.0 5.4 0 0 0

Animal products 37.5 0 50 100 20.3 0 45 1.2 0
Dairy products 27.2 0 40 100 3.5 0 7 1.1 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 37.4 0 60 100 9.6 0.5 40 0.8 0
Coffee, tea 41.1 0 50 100 15.7 0 45 0.8 0
Cotton 10.0 0 10 100 2.6 0 3 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 24.5 0.2 50 35.3 4.6 5.7 20 11.4 13.3
Petroleum - - - 0 1.0 66.7 3 11.1 100.0
Chemicals 19.7 0.2 50 74.5 3.8 0.8 30 10.8 2.6
Wood, paper, etc. 23.9 0 50 39.0 6.6 6.0 30 2.4 1.3
Textiles 27.3 0 50 96.0 9.1 0.3 20 1.5 0.8
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 14.8 0 15 0.5 0

2. Japan 2015 1,045 8 15 11.9 18.8 16.5 54.1 84.7
3. European Union 2015 903 12 24 12.3 6.6 6.3 86.9 98.2
4. China 2015 677 6 14 17.2 10.7 10.6 95.2 99.0
1. China 2015 18,289 14 84 9.9 1.1 1.1 97.9 99.7
3. Hong Kong, China 2015 7,662 5 46 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2015 7,525 43 225 2.7 0.9 0.8 95.3 97.5
5. European Union 2015 6,562 39 246 4.6 1.9 1.9 99.6 100.0

142
Qatar
Qatar

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.7 75.5 18.5 0.1 0 5.3 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 23.4 68.7 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.8 6.4
Imports 2015 40.8 55.5 0 0 0 0 0.2 2.5 3.7
Final bound 3.5 0.3 15.9 63.5 14.7 2.2 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2016 8.2 91.5 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.1
Imports 2015 11.7 88.3 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 43.0 0 200 100 2.8 36.5 5 2.5 55.1
Dairy products 15.1 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 1.0 0
Coffee, tea 19.8 0 20 100 3.1 37.5 5 0.5 27.7
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 16.4 0.1 30 100 4.9 2.3 20 19.5 4.3
Petroleum 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.4 0
Chemicals 7.5 5.4 30 100 4.4 11.0 5 9.5 19.0
Wood, paper, etc. 17.4 0 30 100 4.7 5.2 5 3.6 7.2
Textiles 15.0 0.2 20 100 5.0 0.2 5 1.4 1.8
Clothing 20.0 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 2.1 0

3. Turkey 2015 4 2 3 20.0 3.7 0.0 30.0 68.8
4. European Union 2015 2 4 5 7.4 2.3 0.0 26.3 29.8
2. Japan 2015 16,302 1 4 0.8 0.0 0.0 77.3 99.6
3. India 2015 9,021 6 11 9.8 4.3 0.0 2.9 16.6
4. European Union 2015 7,845 5 8 4.2 0.5 0.0 23.5 90.9
5. China 2015 4,614 5 11 8.9 1.0 0.0 14.2 67.4

143
Russian Federation
Russian Federation

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 3.0 44.0 21.3 24.5 3.6 1.0 2.3 0.3 22.9
MFN applied 2016 9.2 40.1 17.4 25.8 3.1 1.1 1.8 0.3 23.9
Imports 2015 16.6 30.7 14.3 23.5 4.4 5.3 5.3 0.0 39.2
Final bound 3.4 51.6 30.2 14.1 0.8 0 0.0 0.0 7.0
MFN applied 2016 16.5 40.5 25.3 14.3 3.1 0 0.0 0.0 7.4
Imports 2015 36.0 29.5 21.0 7.5 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.5 11.6

Animal products 23.0 7.4 80 100 23.7 17.5 80 2.0 4.4
Dairy products 15.1 0 43 100 15.2 0 43 1.0 0
Coffee, tea 6.3 4.2 13 100 5.9 20.8 13 1.4 42.3
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 8.0 0.1 20 100 7.8 6.9 20 9.8 10.2
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 100 4.4 12.9 5 1.0 35.2
Chemicals 5.2 0.4 10 100 5.0 8.7 13 16.7 16.5
Wood, paper, etc. 8.0 5.0 15 100 8.7 6.4 16 3.0 8.4
Textiles 7.7 0 18 100 8.0 0.6 18 2.4 1.4
Clothing 8.6 0 20 100 7.5 0 20 3.2 0

1. Turkey 2015 2,130 7 16 23.4 68.2 0.0 12.9 2.5
2. European Union 2015 1,554 22 65 13.9 3.9 0.0 16.7 71.1
3. Kazakhstan 2015 1,293 23 174 15.2 14.4 14.4 100.0 100.0
4. Egypt 2015 1,273 3 3 11.8 1.5 0.0 33.3 94.3
5. Belarus 2015 866 28 274 18.2 13.1 13.1 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 117,807 22 108 4.3 0.4 0.0 23.2 90.8
2. China 2015 32,700 19 53 7.6 1.3 0.0 14.9 72.9
3. Japan 2015 15,580 9 24 2.1 0.4 0.0 61.4 91.3
5. Belarus 2015 15,283 71 2,707 8.6 7.2 7.2 100.0 100.0

144
Rwanda
Rwanda

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 3.0 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.8 2.3 91.3 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 15.4 0 16.2 0 64.2 0.9 2.6 0 1.2
Imports 2015 14.1 0 10.3 0 47.6 2.2 25.8 0 25.1
Final bound 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.2 6.0 1.2 90.0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 40.6 0 22.4 0 36.0 0.4 0.0 0 0.6
Imports 2015 42.4 0 14.3 0 40.9 2.3 0 0 1.8

Animal products 80.0 0 80 100 23.1 7.7 25 0.1 57.0
Dairy products 15.2 81.0 80 100 51.7 0 60 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100 19.6 16.7 25 0.1 0.7
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Fish & fish products 90.3 8.9 100 100 24.7 0.3 25 1.2 0
Minerals & metals 98.2 0 100 100 10.4 36.7 35 21.7 20.4
Petroleum 100.0 0 100 100 4.3 61.4 25 0.9 62.3
Chemicals 92.7 1.3 100 100 3.9 77.9 25 12.6 58.7
Wood, paper, etc. 94.9 0 100 100 14.0 25.6 25 4.3 10.3
Textiles 64.0 0 100 100 19.6 6.9 100 4.3 17.2
Clothing 97.4 0 100 100 25.2 0 50 0.8 0

1. European Union 2015 43 1 2 7.5 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0
2. Pakistan 2015 34 1 1 7.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Kenya 2014 7 2 3 19.0 12.5 12.5 100.0 100.0
5. Uganda 2015 5 5 7 27.0 12.5 12.5 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 43 1 2 12.8 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
3. Malaysia 2015 29 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Thailand 2015 23 1 2 5.6 0.0 0.0 77.8 100.0

145
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.5 0 0 1.6 78.0 19.8 0
MFN applied 2016 28.0 26.8 1.9 7.8 19.2 15.5 0.7 0 2.0
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 94.3 0.7 0
MFN applied 2016 25.5 47.4 2.7 4.8 18.8 0.5 0.2 0 0
Imports

Animal products 99.1 0 100 100 14.6 18.3 40
Dairy products 98.8 0 100 100 5.7 35.0 25
Coffee, tea 99.0 0 100 100 15.4 16.7 25
Oilseeds, fats & oils 127.1 0 175 98.8 15.5 40.9 40
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0
Minerals & metals 70.0 0 70 100 6.5 27.9 25
Petroleum 86.0 0 150 100 5.1 38.4 25
Chemicals 70.1 0 153 100 5.7 25.2 25
Wood, paper, etc. 78.8 0 170 100 9.9 19.4 25
Textiles 70.8 0 87 100 6.4 25.9 25
Clothing 71.7 0 93 100 24.4 0 25

3. Belize 2015 1 1 1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
4. Saint Lucia 2014 1 1 3 18.4 33.1 33.1 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 0 3 4 8.1 6.7 6.7 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 7 7 13 2.7 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
3. Canada 2015 3 1 5 5.2 0.1 0.0 77.4 99.5
4. Brazil 2015 1 1 3 15.6 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Mexico 2015 1 1 7 1.3 0.2 0.0 81.6 95.5

146
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 63.1 36.2 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 28.1 22.7 1.5 3.7 13.0 30.9 0 0 0
Imports 2014 28.5 6.9 2.0 3.8 39.3 19.6 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 92.5 3.7 3.3 0
MFN applied 2016 43.9 26.0 3.0 4.1 17.9 5.0 0.2 0 0.0
Imports 2014 26.3 7.5 23.6 8.2 27.9 6.5 0.0 0 0

Animal products 123.4 0 130 100 15.7 43.0 40 4.7 78.4
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.1 46.8 20 2.6 72.2
Coffee, tea 102.5 0 130 100 16.8 0 40 0.6 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 52.3 0 153 100 4.6 60.3 30 9.9 41.8
Petroleum 97.6 0 120 100 7.0 31.0 25 23.1 13.0
Chemicals 50.9 0 157 100 5.6 22.4 40 8.7 19.3
Wood, paper, etc. 63.3 0 170 100 8.3 34.7 25 5.8 18.0
Textiles 52.2 0 113 100 5.5 35.2 30 1.5 5.5
Clothing 53.3 0 93 100 19.8 0 20 1.6 0

1. European Union 2015 9 4 7 7.8 15.7 15.7 100.0 100.0
2. Guyana 2015 2 1 1 30.0 97.2 97.2 100.0 100.0
3. Belize 2015 2 1 2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
5. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2015 1 2 5 19.7 25.3 25.3 100.0 100.0
3. Guyana 2015 8 3 4 15.8 17.6 17.6 100.0 100.0
4. Guatemala 2015 3 1 1 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2015 2 16 27 12.8 13.7 13.7 100.0 100.0

147
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 63.0 36.3 0
MFN applied 2016 11.2 40.3 1.7 4.1 14.2 27.8 0.8 0 0
Imports 2015 28.0 13.7 3.4 1.1 35.7 12.9 5.1 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 91.5 4.7 3.5 0
MFN applied 2016 8.3 63.1 3.5 4.0 17.7 3.4 0 0 0.0
Imports 2015 13.0 43.0 8.2 8.4 23.0 4.5 0 0 0

Animal products 123.5 0 130 100 14.8 9.9 40 5.2 41.6
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 6.2 30.0 20 2.2 33.3
Coffee, tea 102.5 0 130 100 17.4 2.1 40 0.5 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 52.4 0 153 100 6.7 14.1 30 15.0 14.4
Petroleum 72.8 0 120 100 5.5 17.2 35 10.2 38.0
Chemicals 51.0 0 157 100 6.2 11.2 30 10.3 7.6
Wood, paper, etc. 64.3 0 170 100 9.8 5.1 25 7.8 9.5
Textiles 52.2 0 113 100 7.3 0.2 30 1.7 0.5
Clothing 53.3 0 93 100 19.8 0 20 1.9 0

1. Saint Lucia 2014 9 4 5 16.5 22.4 22.4 100.0 100.0
3. Belize 2015 3 1 1 41.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
4. Haiti 2014 1 1 1 3.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. European Union 2015 1 3 5 7.5 3.3 3.3 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 4 5 7 3.5 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
2. Japan 2015 2 1 2 2.8 3.5 0.0 50.0 0.4
3. Switzerland 2015 1 1 2 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Indonesia 2015 1 1 1 8.3 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Saint Lucia 2014 1 27 89 19.4 16.4 16.4 100.0 100.0

148
Samoa
Samoa

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 4.0 18.1 32.1 44.2 0.7 0.3 3.4
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 5.8 4.3 38.2 0 47.9 2.7 0.8 0.3 2.9
Imports 2015 45.0 2.4 23.7 0 25.7 3.1 0.1 0 3.2
Final bound 0 0.3 4.7 44.3 29.9 20.8 0.0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 2.2 0.4 72.5 0 24.9 0.0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2015 29.0 0.3 58.7 0 12.0 0.0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 22.8 0 100 100 12.3 24.3 300 7.5 72.8
Dairy products 13.0 0 20 100 4.8 27.8 8 2.8 57.5
Coffee, tea 26.7 0 35 100 12.5 0 20 0.6 0
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 8.0 0 8 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 21.9 0 30 100 8.8 2.7 20 12.9 0.7
Petroleum 20.6 0 55 100 8.8 5.6 50 14.2 97.2
Chemicals 16.3 0 30 100 8.6 3.5 20 12.1 14.1
Wood, paper, etc. 19.3 0 30 100 9.7 0.2 20 7.9 0.1
Textiles 15.9 0 30 100 8.6 0.2 20 1.8 0.8
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 20.0 0 20 1.6 0

1. New Zealand 2015 3 4 5 2.3 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 1 1 1 30.0 20.8 20.8 100.0 100.0
4. Australia 2015 1 5 8 2.6 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0
1. Australia 2015 25 4 5 3.3 4.8 4.8 100.0 100.0
2. Colombia 2015 3 2 2 2.5 0.4 0.0 75.0 96.2
3. India 2015 2 9 24 8.9 5.3 4.0 64.3 84.4
4. European Union 2015 2 8 11 4.4 2.4 2.4 100.0 100.0
5. Bangladesh 2015 2 5 9 12.0 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

149
Sao Tome and Principe
Sao Tome and Principe

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 1.2 28.5 51.2 0 19.1 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2015 11.4 50.7 21.4 0 16.4 0 0 0 0
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 1.1 17.6 71.4 0 9.4 0 0 0 0.4
Imports 2015 0.2 26.2 59.4 0 13.2 0 0 0 0.9

Dairy products 3.1 37.3 5 2.4 69.4
Coffee, tea 11.5 0 20 0.3 0
Cotton 10.0 0 10 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 12.9 0 20 1.3 0
Minerals & metals 9.2 0.2 20 16.4 0.0
Petroleum 5.8 0 10 0.0 0
Chemicals 9.8 0 20 7.0 0
Wood, paper, etc. 8.9 18.6 20 3.9 3.3
Textiles 10.3 0 20 1.9 0
Clothing 8.5 0 10 1.3 0
Transport equipment 12.5 0 20 8.9 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 10.7 0 20 3.8 0

1. European Union 2015 9 1 1 5.1 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
2. Switzerland 2015 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Angola 2015 0 1 2 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Guatemala 2015 0 8 11 15.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. European Union 2015 1 10 14 2.3 0.4 0.2 97.7 93.4
3. Hong Kong, China 2015 0 3 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Angola 2015 0 8 16 9.7 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Australia 2015 0 5 8 4.6 4.4 4.4 100.0 100.0

150
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.1 4.8 33.4 49.7 3.7 0.2 0 1.4 9.0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 23.1 65.8 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.0 8.4
Imports 2015 42.2 46.8 3.2 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.2 5.5
Final bound 8.1 5.2 32.6 53.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2015 8.1 85.0 2.1 4.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.4
Imports 2015 19.2 73.1 2.5 5.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 11.9 0.2 25 100 3.5 35.6 20 2.5 34.0
Dairy products 10.9 0 25 100 5.0 0 5 1.2 0
Coffee, tea 9.3 0 15 100 4.4 37.5 15 0.7 39.4
Cotton 13.2 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 13.1 2.0 20 100 5.3 2.3 15 16.2 19.6
Petroleum 6.1 0 10 100 5.3 0 10 0.4 0
Chemicals 5.4 11.4 15 100 4.6 11.0 7 10.4 38.7
Wood, paper, etc. 9.0 1.0 20 100 6.3 5.1 20 3.4 2.8
Textiles 14.1 0.2 15 100 5.7 0.2 15 1.7 3.6
Clothing 11.1 0 15 100 5.1 0 12 2.3 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 12.4 4.7 15 100 6.0 0 15 2.0 0

2. Qatar 2015 522 14 60 3.6 3.7 3.7 100.0 100.0
4. Jordan 2015 332 13 37 17.6 16.6 16.6 99.5 99.9
1. China 2015 30,014 4 12 10.0 1.3 0.0 7.9 70.1
2. Japan 2015 25,067 1 3 1.1 0.0 0.0 92.0 99.6
3. European Union 2015 22,326 6 18 4.2 1.0 0.0 22.3 84.3
5. India 2015 20,296 11 21 8.3 1.8 0.0 2.9 68.8

151
Senegal
Senegal

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 1.2 0 98.8 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 0 27.0 19.2 0 41.7 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0 33.5 40.0 0 17.0 9.5 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0.1 0 99.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 1.8 39.8 21.9 0 36.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 18.1 34.0 30.5 0 17.0 0.3 0 0 0

Animal products 30.0 0 30 100 24.5 0 35 0.2 0
Dairy products 27.5 0 30 100 17.0 0 35 1.3 0
Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100 18.5 0 35 0.5 0
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 30.0 0 30 100 11.6 1.9 20 12.4 15.2
Petroleum 30.0 0 30 100 7.7 19.0 10 20.7 38.8
Chemicals 30.0 0 30 100 7.4 3.8 35 10.1 32.8
Wood, paper, etc. 30.0 0 30 100 11.3 5.1 20 3.3 8.0
Textiles 30.0 0 30 100 16.1 0.3 35 2.5 12.6
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 20.0 0 20 0.3 0

1. European Union 2015 135 6 15 13.5 8.4 8.4 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 83 2 3 12.9 12.8 9.8 90.0 69.7
3. India 2015 34 4 4 10.5 0.9 0.0 60.0 96.9
4. Congo 2014 18 1 1 13.0 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Côte d'Ivoire 2015 15 3 5 20.8 20.0 20.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 322 19 51 5.0 8.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 230 4 4 7.1 5.0 0.0 8.0 1.9
3. Switzerland 2015 220 1 1 1.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Côte d'Ivoire 2015 107 10 19 15.3 10.2 10.2 100.0 100.0

152
Serbia
Serbia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 3.0 34.8 11.3 7.8 24.3 18.8 0 0 0.1
Imports 2015 0.3 26.9 12.5 9.1 20.0 31.3 0 0 1.2
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 1.1 60.5 25.3 4.4 8.3 0.4 0 0 0.0
Imports 2015 2.0 68.0 17.4 6.7 5.7 0.1 0 0 0.1

Coffee, tea 10.4 0 30 1.2 0
Cereals & preparations 20.9 0 30 1.4 0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 5.0 2.8 30 19.4 1.9
Petroleum 2.0 8.5 10 7.0 7.8
Chemicals 3.3 1.1 30 16.0 2.0
Wood, paper, etc. 4.9 0 22 5.3 0
Textiles 9.1 1.0 30 3.7 0.9
Clothing 20.4 0 22 2.0 0

1. European Union 2015 1,199 26 129 15.0 12.5 8.7 91.0 93.5
4. Montenegro 2015 241 21 139 14.6 22.7 22.6 97.8 99.9
5. Japan 2015 191 3 3 6.9 0.3 0.1 44.8 97.6
1. European Union 2015 6,695 55 586 4.1 4.3 4.3 99.9 100.0
5. Montenegro 2015 334 53 795 3.6 3.1 3.1 100.0 100.0

153
Seychelles
Seychelles

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 29.2 0 19.7 0 47.4 2.4 0.0 1.2 0
MFN applied 2016 80.1 1.7 1.3 7.4 7.2 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.8
Imports 2015 64.7 3.7 2.5 8.3 12.4 3.6 1.2 3.7 5.5
Final bound 49.1 0 27.4 0 23.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 88.8 2.0 1.7 0.2 7.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0
Imports 2015 92.4 1.3 0.2 1.1 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Animal products 19.0 9.0 25 100 2.5 86.8 25 2.0 59.5
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.6 100.0
Coffee, tea 21.5 4.2 25 100 12.0 52.1 25 0.5 77.1
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 6.7 50.0 25 100 0.5 98.0 25 8.9 99.6
Petroleum 17.6 29.4 25 100 10.0 60.0 25 26.4 100.0
Chemicals 1.1 84.4 25 100 0.4 97.8 25 5.5 94.9
Wood, paper, etc. 13.5 24.7 50 100 1.1 95.3 50 11.4 98.7
Textiles 10.2 20.6 25 100 1.5 88.0 25 1.5 57.2
Clothing 24.7 0.3 25 100 17.6 6.4 25 0.7 5.7

1. Philippines 2015 7 1 2 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Australia 2015 1 2 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Hong Kong, China 2015 1 4 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Namibia 2015 0 1 2 2.5 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Sri Lanka 2015 0 1 1 110.2 0.1 0.0 50.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 275 5 6 4.3 22.4 22.4 100.0 100.0
2. Mauritius 2015 53 1 4 3.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Japan 2015 48 3 5 3.5 3.2 0.0 16.7 9.3
4. Israel 2015 24 2 2 2.0 0.0 0.0 83.3 100.0
5. Turkey 2015 9 4 6 2.7 1.2 0.0 35.3 70.3

154
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 98.9 1.1 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.8 0.2 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 39.8 0 40 100
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100
Chemicals 49.2 0 50 100
Wood, paper, etc. 49.4 0 50 100
Textiles 50.0 0 50 100
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100

1. European Union 2015 36 3 3 17.5 2.3 2.3 100.0 100.0
3. Morocco 2015 1 1 1 6.3 9.7 9.6 50.0 96.2
5. Canada 2015 0 3 5 1.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 228 2 3 3.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. China 2015 165 1 3 5.5 0.0 0.0 97.9 100.0
5. India 2015 17 6 6 6.5 6.7 0.0 18.5 8.2

155
Singapore
Singapore

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 4.0 0 92.5 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.8 3.5
MFN applied 2016 99.8 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0 0.2
Imports 2015 98.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0 1.5 1.7
Final bound 19.5 0 47.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 9.0 9.9 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.4 100.0
Dairy products 7.1 28.6 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.3 100.0
Coffee, tea 10.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.3 100.0
Beverages & tobacco 212.7 0 > 1000 100 1.6 97.0 85 1.1 93.9
Cotton 10.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 5.6 41.3 10 45.4 0.0 100.0 0 9.8 100.0
Petroleum - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 20.8 100.0
Chemicals 5.0 19.4 10 97.2 0.0 100.0 0 8.0 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 3.2 67.8 10 96.4 0.0 100.0 0 1.3 100.0
Textiles 9.9 0.3 10 64.2 0.0 100.0 0 0.6 100.0
Clothing 10.0 0.2 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.8 100.0

1. Australia 2015 716 6 14 1.8 2.9 2.9 100.0 100.0
2. Malaysia 2015 591 19 52 12.1 40.8 26.1 92.7 78.3
3. Japan 2015 564 6 15 37.4 40.0 20.1 34.7 18.1
4. China 2015 457 10 19 16.1 10.3 6.0 95.2 82.9
5. Philippines 2015 434 11 39 9.4 4.9 4.8 99.1 99.6
1. China 2015 27,124 26 212 8.4 2.9 2.8 96.8 96.8
2. Malaysia 2015 20,435 39 394 5.5 1.3 1.3 99.8 100.0
3. European Union 2015 19,285 36 264 4.3 2.0 0.0 21.0 65.0
4. Indonesia 2015 17,798 73 2,754 6.9 5.0 5.0 99.7 99.9

156
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 3.2 8.6 2.0 0.5 1.2 79.5 5.1 3.5
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 1.3 10.2 84.9 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.4 1.8 3.4
Imports 2015 39.8 5.9 38.9 1.3 0.9 0.0 10.4 2.8 15.5
Final bound 0 0.5 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 94.8 2.9 0.9
MFN applied 2016 0.9 16.6 82.1 0.4 0.0 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2015 2.3 16.8 77.0 3.9 0.0 0 0 0 2.9

Animal products 86.3 0 110 100 8.5 0 10 3.2 0
Dairy products 32.5 0 80 100 8.3 0 10 0.7 0
Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100 10.0 0 10 1.0 0
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100 10.0 0 10 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 65.0 0 80 100 9.4 0.7 10 0.5 0
Minerals & metals 76.8 0 90 100 8.5 0 10 8.1 0
Petroleum 1.9 0 3 100 7.3 0 10 20.0 0
Chemicals 77.2 0 110 100 7.8 1.9 15 4.6 0.9
Wood, paper, etc. 80.0 0 80 100 9.8 0 10 5.5 0
Textiles 79.9 0 80 100 10.0 0.2 10 1.7 0.2
Clothing 80.0 0 80 100 10.0 0 10 0.4 0

1. European Union 2015 27 1 2 3.3 4.0 4.0 100.0 100.0
2. Switzerland 2015 10 1 3 36.4 36.5 36.5 100.0 100.0
3. Malaysia 2015 10 1 1 1.7 0.0 0.0 66.7 99.8
4. Indonesia 2015 3 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Australia 2015 1 4 5 0.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 460 1 1 2.0 0.0 0.0 82.6 99.9
2. India 2015 68 1 2 5.0 5.0 0.0 25.0 0.0
3. European Union 2015 49 2 2 6.2 23.4 23.4 100.0 100.0
4. Thailand 2015 14 2 4 12.7 0.0 0.0 63.6 100.0

157
South Africa
South Africa

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 21.4 2.3 1.8 1.7 9.5 36.4 23.6 3.2 0
MFN applied 2016 46.1 11.4 14.1 6.4 15.4 6.2 0.3 0.2 13.8
Imports 2015 32.8 18.9 19.4 2.8 15.8 7.8 0.5 1.9 27.9
Final bound 13.4 5.3 21.8 20.4 20.3 14.3 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2016 63.5 2.3 5.7 8.0 13.2 7.4 0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2015 66.6 8.0 3.0 3.1 14.5 4.7 0 0.0 7.1

Animal products 41.7 24.2 160 100 10.9 60.6 82 0.9 43.2
Dairy products 93.2 0 96 100 5.9 23.8 18 0.2 11.8
Coffee, tea 65.4 20.8 170 100 7.1 45.8 25 0.5 35.5
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 4.4 66.7 15 0.0 5.0
Minerals & metals 11.7 16.1 30 96.0 4.0 71.6 30 10.2 78.0
Petroleum - - - 0 0.6 55.6 15 15.6 63.8
Chemicals 12.4 6.4 30 99.6 2.3 83.2 20 13.0 80.1
Wood, paper, etc. 11.7 12.2 30 100 6.1 61.2 45 3.0 53.2
Textiles 22.3 3.1 30 99.2 17.1 18.1 486 2.3 16.0
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 41.0 2.1 45 2.2 0.3

1. European Union 2015 2,702 18 79 12.7 9.5 8.5 77.7 88.8
2. Namibia 2015 794 23 167 9.5 16.0 16.0 100.0 100.0
3. Botswana 2015 614 24 181 10.2 12.2 12.2 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 563 7 16 15.5 19.4 0.0 6.1 1.2
5. Zimbabwe 2015 490 23 105 29.4 21.8 19.3 77.3 78.7
1. China 2015 29,588 6 14 7.7 1.1 0.0 16.7 83.9
2. European Union 2015 17,755 44 209 4.3 2.6 2.5 97.8 98.4
4. India 2015 5,912 17 37 8.1 6.5 0.0 3.7 1.5
5. Hong Kong, China 2015 4,879 4 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

158
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.1 0 0.1 0.3 96.0 3.3 0.0 2.7
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 14.9 0.3 1.2 14.7 59.9 5.8 1.0 2.2 13.1
Imports 2015 13.0 0.8 1.4 17.3 38.7 16.7 9.2 2.8 59.7
Final bound 0.2 7.5 7.1 0.1 6.6 8.3 0.7 0 0.2
MFN applied 2015 60.8 0.2 2.6 25.0 11.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.7
Imports 2015 72.1 0.0 4.5 14.4 5.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 9.1

Animal products 49.9 0 50 100 22.5 11.9 50 0.1 71.4
Dairy products 48.6 0 60 100 32.8 0 59 1.3 0
Coffee, tea 49.8 0 60 100 24.2 0 25 0.2 0
Cotton 50.0 0 50 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 48.8 3.2 75 6.9 7.7 56.4 25 13.6 55.9
Petroleum 20.0 0 45 83.3 9.3 34.1 27 12.6 45.5
Chemicals 11.3 0 60 5.6 3.0 84.2 27 9.5 77.7
Wood, paper, etc. 31.9 2.1 60 19.0 11.8 38.8 25 3.3 60.8
Textiles 9.5 1.1 50 95.7 3.3 81.2 36 13.8 95.9
Clothing 17.5 0 25 100 14.7 1.5 15 1.4 11.0

1. European Union 2015 343 13 48 11.4 3.6 2.0 24.8 70.6
2. India 2015 297 19 57 45.4 50.4 17.2 74.5 57.6
5. Japan 2015 104 7 11 8.8 4.3 1.3 52.2 47.3
2. European Union 2015 2,254 32 188 5.3 8.5 2.3 60.3 29.1
3. India 2015 402 43 188 10.2 9.0 6.7 68.6 79.0
4. Canada 2015 223 21 107 6.5 13.1 0.4 52.4 22.1
5. China 2015 217 29 109 12.3 10.0 2.2 7.2 13.6

159
Suriname
Suriname

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.3 0 0.1 0.3 99.2 0 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 1.4 5.0 0.3 0 6.2 2.9 0 0 0.0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 20.0 0 20 100
Oilseeds, fats & oils 18.9 0.7 20 98.6
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100
Other agricultural products 19.8 1.1 20 100
Petroleum 19.3 0 23 80.0
Chemicals 6.6 65.5 30 3.4
Wood, paper, etc. 22.5 0 25 1.6
Textiles 14.2 26.6 20 13.4
Clothing 37.7 0 40 53.9
Leather, footwear, etc. 6.7 66.7 20 18.9
Electrical machinery 17.9 0 20 20.6

1. European Union 2015 46 5 11 16.8 17.7 17.7 100.0 100.0
2. Jamaica 2015 21 2 5 24.6 25.0 25.0 100.0 100.0
3. Guyana 2015 5 8 16 26.9 24.6 24.6 100.0 100.0
4. Haiti 2014 2 1 2 8.7 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Panama 2015 2 1 1 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Switzerland 2015 356 1 1 2.5 0.0 0.0 62.1 100.0
3. European Union 2015 303 9 15 4.4 2.6 2.6 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2015 97 1 1 5.6 0.0 0.0 59.0 99.9

160
Swaziland
Swaziland

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 21.4 2.3 1.8 1.7 9.5 36.4 23.6 3.2 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 46.1 11.0 13.7 6.6 15.9 6.1 0.3 0.2 13.8
Imports 2015 35.4 11.8 11.3 7.7 25.1 8.6 0.1 0.0 21.0
Final bound 13.4 5.3 21.8 20.4 20.3 14.3 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2016 63.5 2.3 5.7 8.0 13.2 7.4 0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2015 42.5 15.7 6.5 7.6 22.1 5.5 0 0.0 15.2

Animal products 41.7 24.2 160 100 10.9 60.6 82 1.4 23.7
Dairy products 93.2 0 96 100 8.6 23.8 26 1.6 44.8
Coffee, tea 65.4 20.8 170 100 7.4 45.8 25 0.4 33.5
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 4.4 66.7 15 1.0 1.0
Minerals & metals 11.7 16.1 30 96.0 4.0 71.6 30 11.8 65.7
Petroleum - - - 0 0.6 55.6 15 11.5 1.8
Chemicals 12.4 6.4 30 99.6 2.3 83.2 20 17.3 63.4
Wood, paper, etc. 11.7 12.2 30 100 6.1 61.2 45 6.6 49.4
Textiles 22.3 3.1 30 99.2 16.9 18.1 156 5.7 6.1
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 41.0 2.1 45 2.6 0.5

1. South Africa 2015 285 7 14 11.2 20.1 20.1 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 140 5 15 19.8 59.1 59.1 100.0 100.0
3. Mozambique 2015 16 3 6 17.6 9.9 8.3 54.3 83.3
5. Mauritius 2015 10 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. South Africa 2015 811 20 55 11.1 9.4 9.4 100.0 100.0
2. Nigeria 2014 145 6 8 10.6 7.1 0.0 4.6 0.6
3. Kenya 2014 63 2 2 8.8 7.9 0.0 52.4 21.5
4. India 2015 41 13 46 8.1 9.4 0.0 6.4 1.0
5. Tanzania 2015 36 3 3 14.9 9.3 9.3 100.0 100.0

161
Switzerland
Switzerland

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 22.0 23.2 9.9 4.6 5.8 10.0 11.4 12.9 78.0
MFN applied 2016 29.7 27.8 10.0 4.6 4.1 6.6 6.8 10.1 70.3
Imports 2015 20.3 28.5 15.2 4.6 5.4 5.2 3.2 0.9 79.7
Final bound 17.9 72.1 7.2 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.0 0 81.8
MFN applied 2016 21.1 70.4 6.4 1.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 0 78.9
Imports 2015 56.4 39.6 3.5 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0 43.6

Animal products 122.9 11.5 > 1000 100 110.0 14.9 > 1000 0.4 2.2
Dairy products 140.3 0 801 100 133.2 0 798 0.2 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 25.2 22.3 > 1000 100 17.9 26.0 > 1000 1.1 18.0
Coffee, tea 7.2 26.4 171 100 4.0 36.1 67 0.6 58.4
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 1.3 13.2 22 98.9 1.2 15.0 22 41.1 70.5
Petroleum 1.7 0 2 20.0 0.0 100.0 0 2.2 100.0
Chemicals 0.9 33.6 21 100 0.9 34.3 21 17.2 70.3
Wood, paper, etc. 3.6 17.9 27 100 3.6 18.4 27 3.6 37.7
Textiles 5.2 1.5 53 100 4.5 8.3 53 1.2 1.8
Clothing 3.9 0 24 100 3.9 0 24 2.0 0

1. European Union 2015 5,038 33 443 14.4 10.7 9.2 42.5 87.4
3. Japan 2015 798 5 5 17.6 2.9 1.5 31.4 83.8
4. Israel 2015 687 8 23 7.4 13.8 0.2 63.4 64.0
1. European Union 2015 101,815 63 1,063 4.3 2.0 2.0 98.8 100.0
2. China 2015 40,959 24 167 8.8 1.4 0.3 15.0 83.9
4. Hong Kong, China 2015 19,640 5 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. India 2015 19,252 10 34 8.5 9.8 0.0 3.9 0.3

162
Chinese Taipei
Chinese Taipei

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 24.6 14.9 12.6 10.8 26.1 7.8 1.0 2.3 6.8
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 25.0 14.5 13.1 11.1 25.3 8.0 1.2 1.8 6.3
Imports 2015 38.7 11.6 20.0 7.5 13.8 8.1 0.1 0.2 8.7
Final bound 30.4 39.6 20.4 7.5 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3
MFN applied 2016 31.1 39.1 18.8 7.4 3.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3
Imports 2015 71.1 20.3 4.5 1.6 2.5 0.0 0 0.0 0.1

Animal products 16.4 2.7 45 100 16.2 3.2 45 0.6 0.3
Dairy products 15.2 0 89 100 15.4 0 89 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 8.4 41.7 30 100 8.4 41.7 30 0.2 39.7
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 3.0 52.5 13 100 2.7 56.6 13 18.8 84.8
Petroleum 5.0 8.3 10 100 2.1 44.9 5 11.4 96.6
Chemicals 2.9 25.6 20 100 2.8 26.3 20 14.1 42.3
Wood, paper, etc. 0.4 94.3 13 100 0.4 94.1 13 2.0 94.6
Textiles 7.5 3.1 13 100 7.4 3.1 13 1.1 2.5
Clothing 11.7 0 12 100 11.7 0 12 0.8 0

1. China 2015 635 23 70 16.9 16.9 0.8 5.6 5.7
3. Japan 2015 309 21 66 12.7 5.0 0.0 22.3 43.8
4. Hong Kong, China 2015 272 21 84 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 142,569 43 404 9.0 2.1 0.8 21.5 78.6
2. Hong Kong, China 2015 44,461 31 124 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2015 27,477 55 852 4.4 2.2 0.0 21.0 51.3
5. Singapore 2015 24,481 35 129 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

163
Tajikistan
Tajikistan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.8 37.4 23.6 31.2 5.6 1.2 0 0.3 2.8
MFN applied 2016 1.1 40.9 25.0 30.5 0.8 1.4 0.2 0.3 3.6
Imports
Final bound 13.6 25.7 44.0 9.3 6.8 0.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 4.6 62.7 16.5 16.2 0 0 0 0 0.0
Imports

Animal products 9.0 4.0 15 100 9.6 2.5 15
Dairy products 12.6 0 15 100 12.5 0 15
Coffee, tea 6.7 0 15 100 6.7 0 15
Cereals & preparations 10.1 1.6 20 100 9.9 0 15
Oilseeds, fats & oils 7.2 0 20 100 6.7 0 15
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100 15.0 0 15
Minerals & metals 7.3 1.9 15 100 7.8 1.1 15
Petroleum 4.1 0 10 100 5.0 0 5
Chemicals 4.1 32.9 20 100 6.0 0.1 15
Wood, paper, etc. 7.7 4.9 20 100 7.6 3.6 15
Textiles 11.2 3.0 30 100 10.4 0 15
Clothing 19.3 0 20 100 10.2 0 15
Leather, footwear, etc. 10.0 4.2 30 100 7.6 0 15
Non-electrical machinery 5.2 23.3 10 100 3.7 27.0 5
Electrical machinery 5.2 33.4 10 100 4.8 5.3 10
Transport equipment 7.6 7.1 15 100 5.0 5.0 10
Manufactures, n.e.s. 8.1 16.0 15 100 7.8 5.7 15

1. Kazakhstan 2015 44 5 17 8.5 8.2 8.2 100.0 100.0
2. Turkey 2015 35 1 1 10.3 0.1 0.0 60.0 99.4
4. China 2015 14 2 2 18.3 19.8 18.5 14.3 48.3
5. Bangladesh 2015 11 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Turkey 2015 169 1 2 2.6 3.7 0.0 47.4 2.1
2. Switzerland 2015 140 1 1 2.2 0.0 0.0 90.5 100.0
3. Kazakhstan 2015 121 1 3 10.7 1.7 1.7 100.0 100.0
4. Algeria 2015 50 13 47 19.9 20.4 0.0 0.4 0.3
5. European Union 2015 47 5 8 3.0 6.0 0.7 80.4 3.8

164
Tanzania
Tanzania

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 15.1 0 16.5 0 64.2 0.8 3.0 0.1 1.2
Imports 2015 4.3 0 52.0 0 29.4 0.5 13.7 0.1 12.7
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0
MFN applied 2016 40.5 0 21.8 0 36.4 0.4 0.0 0 0.9
Imports 2015 29.3 0 56.1 0 12.8 0.4 0.5 0 1.3

Animal products 120.0 0 120 100 23.1 7.7 25 0.1 32.4
Dairy products 120.0 0 120 100 51.7 0 60 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 120.0 0 120 100 19.6 16.7 25 0.0 3.9
Cotton 120.0 0 120 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals - - - 0 10.5 36.0 35 8.6 46.0
Petroleum - - - 0 4.3 61.4 25 50.0 8.5
Chemicals 120.0 0 120 0.4 3.9 78.2 25 9.4 84.8
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 14.7 25.4 25 1.5 18.5
Textiles 120.0 0 120 0.3 19.5 6.9 60 1.5 8.8
Clothing - - - 0 25.2 0 50 0.5 0.0

1. European Union 2015 408 8 16 8.6 5.5 5.5 100.0 100.0
2. India 2015 386 10 20 25.4 12.8 1.2 28.6 60.6
3. China 2015 150 2 2 9.8 10.0 9.2 95.7 91.6
4. Japan 2015 139 3 3 2.0 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
5. Viet Nam 2015 138 3 3 12.5 3.9 0.0 40.0 22.0
2. India 2015 540 4 6 8.5 9.8 9.7 84.8 97.8
3. European Union 2015 356 13 26 3.9 3.6 3.6 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 228 10 21 7.5 1.7 1.7 98.5 100.0
5. Switzerland 2015 133 1 1 2.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

165
Thailand
Thailand

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 2.0 1.2 3.6 1.6 2.0 74.5 11.1 3.8 44.0
MFN applied 2015 11.8 9.6 8.4 0.2 2.3 53.9 11.0 2.8 23.7
Imports 2015 20.7 13.6 12.5 0.1 2.7 20.1 18.6 11.6 12.5
Final bound 2.3 2.9 1.3 2.4 13.3 48.7 0.4 0.0 14.9
MFN applied 2015 39.2 27.5 16.3 0.1 5.7 10.8 0.4 0.0 6.6
Imports 2015 53.0 18.0 21.8 0.0 2.3 4.2 0.7 0.0 1.1

Animal products 30.0 13.6 50 100 29.5 9.2 50 0.1 3.7
Dairy products 33.0 0 216 100 38.1 0 216 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 55.5 0 90 100 45.3 0 90 0.2 0
Cotton 4.5 0 5 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.3 100.0
Minerals & metals 24.7 0.1 39 51.8 5.6 45.0 30 22.7 51.8
Petroleum - - - 0 6.8 18.8 10 11.3 86.7
Chemicals 29.8 0.2 99 61.2 3.1 65.2 30 10.8 34.4
Wood, paper, etc. 23.8 0 50 86.6 6.9 29.8 30 1.8 39.1
Textiles 28.4 0 37 94.2 8.6 2.9 35 2.0 3.1
Clothing 30.0 0 30 99.5 29.6 0 60 0.4 0

1. China 2015 4,762 13 25 16.5 17.7 10.7 94.7 84.3
2. Japan 2015 3,292 22 54 17.4 9.8 6.0 56.6 37.8
3. European Union 2015 2,651 24 68 12.7 20.3 0.0 12.6 10.1
5. Indonesia 2015 1,293 24 117 5.7 6.6 5.7 97.5 91.9
1. China 2015 32,406 46 299 9.7 4.3 3.2 96.5 88.7
3. European Union 2015 18,189 62 614 4.8 3.1 0.0 19.5 46.2
4. Japan 2015 16,853 55 530 3.5 1.3 1.3 95.9 98.8
5. Hong Kong, China 2015 10,373 38 168 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

166
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoni

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 33.1 16.0 9.1 9.7 11.4 19.3 1.4 0 9.6
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 37.0 13.7 8.4 10.3 10.7 18.5 1.5 0 9.0
Imports 2015 18.4 13.1 7.8 6.6 30.5 17.9 5.6 0 34.7
Final bound 38.8 18.5 19.1 15.2 8.5 0.0 0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2016 44.1 16.2 17.2 14.3 8.2 0.1 0 0 0.2
Imports 2015 54.4 15.7 15.6 8.7 5.6 0.0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 12.9 16.4 35 100 12.0 20.6 35 2.2 1.1
Dairy products 19.3 0 43 100 19.5 0.2 43 0.6 2.0
Coffee, tea 14.1 20.8 33 100 14.1 20.8 33 1.1 10.2
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 5.4 48.5 23 100 5.3 50.0 23 28.8 79.9
Petroleum 14.0 6.7 20 100 14.5 8.3 20 6.9 63.9
Chemicals 3.3 38.3 25 100 3.2 41.9 25 12.6 39.7
Wood, paper, etc. 2.8 76.4 18 100 2.9 75.6 18 3.6 64.7
Textiles 8.9 11.5 25 100 7.8 27.8 25 7.7 10.3
Clothing 17.5 0 18 100 17.5 0 18 1.3 21.5

1. European Union 2015 287 19 80 15.2 14.0 12.6 87.0 87.7
2. Belarus 2015 160 3 18 9.6 9.7 2.2 3.2 4.5
3. Serbia 2015 82 18 50 21.1 24.0 24.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2015 3,040 36 160 4.4 4.1 4.1 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 131 7 8 14.0 0.8 0.0 6.9 92.2
4. Serbia 2015 113 39 167 9.5 6.9 6.9 100.0 100.0
5. Turkey 2015 78 21 36 6.6 6.4 6.4 100.0 100.0

167
Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2016 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports

Coffee, tea 2.5 0 3
Cereals & preparations 2.5 0 3
Oilseeds, fats & oils 2.5 0 3
Cotton 2.5 0 3
Minerals & metals 2.5 0 3
Petroleum 2.5 0 3
Chemicals 2.5 0 3
Wood, paper, etc. 2.5 0 3
Textiles 2.5 0 3
Clothing 2.5 0 3
Non-electrical machinery 2.5 0 3
Electrical machinery 2.5 0 3
Transport equipment 2.5 0 3
Manufactures, n.e.s. 2.5 0 3

1. European Union 2015 6 1 1 5.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Canada 2015 2 1 1 2.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Australia 2015 1 1 1 1.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. New Zealand 2015 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Singapore 2015 297 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Thailand 2015 19 1 1 22.0 0.1 0.0 60.0 99.9
3. Japan 2015 7 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 1 2 2 5.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 0 7 13 1.9 1.8 1.8 100.0 100.0

168
Togo
Togo

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 0 27.0 19.2 0 41.7 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 0 21.0 23.6 0 40.1 15.3 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0 0
MFN applied 2016 1.8 39.8 21.9 0 36.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 9.4 33.2 28.9 0 25.9 2.7 0 0 0

Animal products 80.0 0 80 100 24.5 0 35 0.8 0
Dairy products 80.0 0 80 100 17.0 0 35 1.4 0
Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100 18.5 0 35 0.1 0
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 80.0 0 80 2.8 11.6 1.9 20 19.4 10.8
Petroleum - - - 0 7.7 19.0 10 12.0 0.0
Chemicals 80.0 0 80 0.4 7.4 3.8 35 16.3 33.5
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 11.3 5.1 20 2.3 6.4
Textiles - - - 0 16.1 0.3 35 7.6 0.5
Clothing - - - 0 20.0 0 20 0.5 0
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0 6.8 0 20 8.6 0

1. China 2015 191 2 2 11.3 9.8 9.8 90.0 99.1
2. European Union 2015 64 8 13 9.6 2.3 2.3 100.0 100.0
3. Viet Nam 2015 36 2 2 1.7 1.8 0.0 66.7 63.3
4. India 2015 25 2 2 6.0 0.6 0.0 80.0 98.1
5. Benin 2015 22 13 29 17.7 19.4 19.4 100.0 100.0
3. India 2015 200 5 6 6.2 3.3 0.0 8.7 36.6
4. Benin 2015 189 19 63 14.6 8.3 8.3 100.0 100.0
5. Burkina Faso 2015 83 7 11 16.0 11.2 11.2 100.0 100.0

169
Tonga
Tonga

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 17.6 82.4 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 39.7 0 3.9 50.4 6.0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 62.1 0 2.2 32.9 2.8 0 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 53.5 46.5 0 0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2016 15.2 15.0 0.1 62.2 7.5 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 47.1 19.1 0.0 29.7 4.0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 17.8 0 20 100 1.3 91.6 15 10.3 94.0
Dairy products 16.0 0 20 100 5.0 66.7 15 2.0 39.1
Coffee, tea 20.0 0 20 100 16.0 0 20 0.4 0
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100 15.0 0 15 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 19.8 0 20 100 1.0 94.2 20 1.1 0
Minerals & metals 19.4 0 20 99.9 13.1 12.6 20 10.7 31.7
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100 3.3 83.3 20 15.5 100.0
Chemicals 15.0 0 20 100 13.2 11.6 15 5.4 42.2
Wood, paper, etc. 15.8 0 20 100 12.7 17.0 20 8.2 48.9
Textiles 15.1 0 20 100 14.8 2.2 20 2.0 34.5
Clothing 15.0 0 15 100 15.0 0 15 1.0 0

1. Japan 2015 2 2 2 7.4 3.4 0.1 40.0 3.0
2. New Zealand 2015 1 4 10 1.4 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
4. Australia 2015 1 3 5 3.0 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0
2. Japan 2015 1 1 3 1.8 3.4 0.0 50.0 2.9
3. New Zealand 2015 1 10 15 2.4 0.5 0.5 100.0 100.0
4. Australia 2015 1 8 10 3.1 1.1 1.1 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 0 7 11 4.8 4.1 2.7 67.7 66.2

170
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 5.9 2.4 0.3 3.2 0 1.0 85.1 2.1 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.6 0.5 84.3 11.3 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Animal products 82.3 7.0 110 100
Fruit, vegetables, plants 94.3 3.3 156 100
Coffee, tea 80.7 0 106 100
Cereals & preparations 85.3 6.0 100 100
Oilseeds, fats & oils 90.6 8.8 100 100
Cotton 80.0 20.0 100 100
Other agricultural products 80.8 11.3 100 100
Minerals & metals 45.9 2.0 70 100
Petroleum 35.1 0 50 100
Chemicals 50.3 0 100 100
Wood, paper, etc. 50.9 1.8 70 100
Textiles 50.6 0.3 70 100
Clothing 69.9 0 70 100
Leather, footwear, etc. 51.6 4.4 70 100
Manufactures, n.e.s. 48.9 0.5 70 100

1. Jamaica 2015 80 9 23 21.1 21.2 21.1 98.9 99.7
2. Guyana 2015 53 13 33 24.2 37.4 37.4 100.0 100.0
4. Saint Lucia 2014 20 12 45 17.6 22.8 22.8 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 17 6 13 9.5 7.1 7.1 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2015 1,225 5 7 3.6 2.9 2.9 99.9 100.0
3. Brazil 2015 994 3 3 7.6 2.2 0.0 21.4 70.8
4. Argentina 2015 967 1 1 8.8 0.1 0.1 37.5 100.0
5. Chile 2015 876 2 2 6.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

171
Tunisia
Tunisia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 1.7 2.9 44.0 51.4 0
MFN applied 2016 12.0 0 0 1.9 1.6 84.5 0 0 0
Imports 2015 34.9 0 0 29.2 0.4 35.4 0 0 0.1
Final bound 0 0 0 0 8.1 27.2 16.3 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 61.9 0 0 0.1 33.2 4.6 0 0 0
Imports 2015 63.6 0 0 0.0 35.7 0.2 0 0 0.6

Animal products 113.1 0 180 100 36.0 0 36 0.2 0
Dairy products 132.6 0 180 100 35.2 0 36 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 85.6 0 150 100 30.0 16.7 36 0.5 58.9
Cotton 62.0 0 62 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 31.5 0 43 26.0 5.9 70.6 20 15.6 72.5
Petroleum - - - 0 1.1 94.4 20 9.4 97.7
Chemicals 29.5 0 75 41.8 2.6 86.8 20 12.7 68.1
Wood, paper, etc. 37.8 0 52 49.6 11.5 42.7 20 3.4 38.2
Textiles 56.1 0 60 91.8 11.4 43.2 20 8.0 21.2
Clothing 60.0 0 60 100 19.6 1.8 20 1.8 46.0

1. European Union 2015 463 19 56 14.0 21.2 3.1 29.1 36.1
3. Morocco 2015 68 4 5 23.3 37.3 37.3 100.0 100.0
4. Egypt 2015 39 4 5 10.4 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2015 25 7 8 4.3 0.4 0.0 36.4 94.6
1. European Union 2015 9,188 55 408 4.8 4.8 4.8 99.7 100.0
2. Algeria 2015 433 37 174 19.2 14.8 11.1 81.6 82.4
4. China 2015 181 26 144 13.0 10.9 0.0 7.4 24.9
5. Switzerland 2015 141 19 138 2.7 2.9 2.9 100.0 100.0

172
Turkey
Turkey

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.0 3.2 3.7 5.8 21.3 24.8 22.8 18.4 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 16.9 6.3 4.9 3.9 17.8 21.5 14.0 12.8 5.7
Imports 2015 25.1 7.1 9.5 5.8 10.9 20.5 1.6 15.0 5.6
Final bound 4.0 3.7 4.2 10.9 10.8 8.5 0.8 0.0 0.1
MFN applied 2016 24.6 37.2 26.7 6.0 0.7 4.1 0.7 0 0.6
Imports 2015 34.9 34.7 25.3 2.7 2.1 0.3 0.0 0 0.2

Animal products 132.8 0 225 100 103.7 10.3 225 0.2 35.7
Dairy products 169.8 0 180 100 135.9 0 180 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 80.3 0 168 100 37.6 8.3 145 0.5 31.7
Cotton 10.9 0 13 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.7 100.0
Minerals & metals 18.4 1.4 50 22.8 3.1 39.4 40 21.5 50.5
Petroleum 1.3 0 2 20.0 2.4 36.0 5 5.0 91.4
Chemicals 16.6 4.4 100 66.1 4.6 20.7 17 15.4 26.0
Wood, paper, etc. 26.5 3.6 62 44.1 1.0 80.0 11 3.2 84.9
Textiles 24.5 0 92 23.0 6.5 2.1 12 4.4 2.7
Clothing 27.3 0 40 3.4 11.5 0 12 1.5 3.5

1. European Union 2015 5,513 26 126 14.3 9.2 8.0 85.2 76.7
5. Israel 2015 315 16 41 8.2 5.6 0.0 51.3 80.7
1. European Union 2015 61,644 66 1,105 4.5 6.5 6.5 100.0 100.0
3. Switzerland 2015 5,799 19 79 2.6 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0
5. Egypt 2015 3,150 44 517 11.5 10.9 8.0 59.3 66.3

173
Uganda
Uganda

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 4.9 94.9 0 0
MFN applied 2016 15.3 0 16.5 0 64.1 0.8 3.2 0 1.2
Imports 2015 25.8 0 23.6 0 30.6 1.5 18.4 0 18.1
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 2.8 0.4 0 0
MFN applied 2016 40.7 0 21.9 0 36.1 0.4 0 0 0.9
Imports 2015 63.4 0 12.1 0 22.7 1.7 0 0 1.5

Animal products 71.6 0 80 100 23.1 7.7 25 0.1 22.1
Dairy products 80.0 0 80 100 51.7 0 60 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 77.9 0 80 100 19.6 16.7 25 0.4 1.5
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Fish & fish products 52.0 0 80 9.8 24.7 0.3 25 0.0 0
Minerals & metals - - - 0 10.5 36.3 35 12.3 44.9
Petroleum - - - 0 4.3 61.4 25 17.7 94.3
Chemicals 51.8 0 80 3.3 3.8 78.8 25 18.3 80.6
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 2.4 14.0 25.6 25 3.2 13.1
Textiles - - - 0 19.5 6.9 50 3.3 17.0
Clothing - - - 0 25.2 0 50 0.6 0

1. European Union 2015 452 8 12 13.0 1.8 1.8 100.0 100.0
2. Kenya 2014 179 10 22 27.9 34.5 34.5 100.0 100.0
3. Rwanda 2015 82 14 36 23.9 25.7 25.7 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 50 2 2 8.3 9.8 9.8 100.0 100.0
5. India 2015 37 7 9 50.7 58.9 1.1 21.4 12.8
1. Rwanda 2015 152 31 115 14.8 22.6 22.6 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2015 92 6 11 3.2 6.6 6.6 100.0 100.0
4. Hong Kong, China 2015 37 2 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 36 2 5 4.7 4.3 4.3 100.0 100.0

174
Ukraine
Ukraine

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 12.7 19.7 27.7 14.5 24.4 0.8 0.2 0 1.1
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 21.1 22.4 25.0 13.2 17.3 0.8 0.1 0 0.9
Imports 2015 40.0 25.3 25.5 4.8 2.3 1.8 0.4 0 6.7
Final bound 33.6 17.4 42.9 5.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2016 43.3 28.8 22.3 5.4 0.3 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 65.4 15.2 18.2 1.2 0.0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 13.0 0 20 100 10.6 10.1 20 0.5 29.8
Dairy products 10.0 0 10 100 10.0 0 10 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 5.8 35.4 20 100 5.7 35.4 20 1.3 40.4
Cotton 1.4 40.0 5 100 1.4 40.0 5 0.0 51.5
Minerals & metals 4.5 41.9 20 100 3.2 47.7 20 29.3 78.5
Petroleum 1.5 72.0 10 100 0.8 86.8 10 10.4 97.8
Chemicals 5.1 16.3 10 100 3.2 38.3 7 16.7 52.7
Wood, paper, etc. 0.4 95.8 10 100 0.3 95.5 12 3.4 98.7
Textiles 4.1 32.8 13 100 3.8 36.0 13 3.4 27.9
Clothing 11.4 1.1 12 100 11.3 1.1 12 0.9 0.3

1. European Union 2015 4,467 17 43 13.1 4.7 2.3 88.5 91.5
2. China 2015 1,719 2 4 16.5 37.0 0.0 2.0 0.0
3. Egypt 2015 1,361 6 7 9.1 2.4 0.0 32.6 90.9
4. India 2015 1,351 2 2 31.0 1.4 0.0 12.5 96.6
5. Turkey 2015 918 4 9 25.4 22.1 0.1 17.7 43.3
1. European Union 2015 8,090 51 385 4.3 1.3 1.1 90.6 94.7
3. Turkey 2015 2,403 12 43 5.0 8.0 0.5 66.2 46.3
4. China 2015 1,837 10 21 9.8 0.3 0.0 10.8 93.8
5. Egypt 2015 1,085 5 15 9.2 0.4 0.0 8.0 90.1

175
United Arab Emirates

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 94.3 0 0 0 5.7 0
MFN applied 2016 23.4 68.7 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.7 7.9
Imports 2015 37.2 56.0 0 0 0 0 0.2 4.4 6.8
Final bound 3.5 0.3 22.1 74.0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 8.2 91.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2015 33.9 66.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 35.3 0 200 100 2.8 36.5 5 1.2 36.6
Dairy products 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.8 0
Coffee, tea 15.0 0 15 100 3.1 37.5 5 0.4 27.0
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 14.8 0.1 15 100 4.9 2.3 5 33.7 50.1
Petroleum 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.6 0
Chemicals 7.1 5.5 15 100 4.4 11.0 5 8.0 19.5
Wood, paper, etc. 12.1 0 15 100 4.7 5.2 5 2.1 5.2
Textiles 14.9 0.2 15 100 5.0 0.2 5 1.9 0.3
Clothing 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 2.3 0

1. Oman 2015 1,400 23 174 8.5 27.1 27.1 100.0 100.0
3. Qatar 2015 366 22 91 4.5 5.3 5.3 100.0 100.0
4. India 2015 287 10 18 44.0 13.4 0.0 4.3 64.7
1. Japan 2015 23,482 2 5 2.0 0.0 0.0 69.3 99.7
2. India 2015 19,142 31 126 9.4 6.0 0.0 3.9 29.9
3. China 2015 11,422 6 17 10.1 1.4 0.0 10.3 50.6
4. Oman 2015 8,757 61 1,045 4.6 4.3 4.3 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 8,713 47 203 4.3 1.3 0.0 22.3 76.0

176
United States of America
United States of America

Imports in billion US$ 2015 2,137.8 118.5 2,019.3 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 3.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 30.2 44.5 12.3 4.8 3.2 1.6 0.2 0.5 41.3
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 30.8 46.0 11.8 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.3 0.8 41.5
Imports 2015 38.9 40.2 14.1 3.1 2.2 1.0 0.4 0.1 39.6
Final bound 49.0 25.2 17.0 4.8 1.9 0.5 0.0 0 3.2
MFN applied 2016 48.4 26.3 16.7 4.8 1.8 0.4 0.0 0 3.2
Imports 2015 52.6 34.9 6.9 1.0 3.6 1.0 0.0 0 7.9

Animal products 2.3 30.8 26 100 2.2 30.8 26 0.6 21.4
Dairy products 16.0 0.3 63 100 16.6 0.3 63 0.1 13.5
Coffee, tea 3.3 53.5 48 100 3.3 53.5 48 0.6 76.4
Cotton 4.6 38.3 16 100 4.6 38.3 16 0.0 79.9
Minerals & metals 1.7 60.6 38 100 1.7 60.9 38 11.3 69.3
Petroleum 6.5 0 7 80.0 6.5 0 7 6.8 0
Chemicals 2.8 40.7 7 100 2.8 40.5 7 10.7 67.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.5 90.2 14 99.6 0.5 89.8 16 4.0 91.6
Textiles 8.0 14.8 34 100 7.9 15.0 34 2.1 13.2
Clothing 11.6 2.9 32 100 11.6 2.8 32 4.0 0.9

1. China 2015 23,399 18 37 15.1 5.8 0.8 7.7 2.8
2. Canada 2015 20,798 27 251 21.7 12.7 5.8 92.1 97.0
3. Mexico 2015 18,370 27 167 17.9 23.5 23.5 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2015 13,339 26 112 19.3 12.5 0.0 23.2 46.0
5. European Union 2015 12,738 28 162 14.0 4.7 0.0 14.2 43.4
1. European Union 2015 213,410 68 1,387 4.5 1.4 0.0 23.2 64.9
2. Canada 2015 195,699 59 1,246 2.4 2.1 2.1 100.0 100.0
3. Mexico 2015 164,125 64 1,271 4.5 3.1 3.1 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 124,368 54 834 9.0 5.3 0.0 8.7 35.5
5. Japan 2015 52,129 59 743 3.0 0.6 0.0 54.9 84.1

177
Uruguay
Uruguay

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.7 3.1 6.5 85.2 4.4 0 0
MFN applied 2016 8.7 7.4 56.4 13.1 13.4 1.0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 14.5 0.4 45.3 11.9 24.2 3.7 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0.0 1.5 24.5 74.1 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 16.1 17.5 12.3 16.8 36.9 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2015 31.4 14.3 9.8 8.8 35.0 0.5 0 0 0

Animal products 35.6 0 55 100 8.3 6.2 16 1.2 2.9
Dairy products 44.4 0 55 100 17.9 0 28 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 34.1 0 35 100 11.5 14.6 20 1.6 6.6
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 6.4 0 8 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 33.3 0 35 100 9.6 10.7 20 10.5 25.3
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 0.1 97.2 6 12.8 97.6
Chemicals 21.8 0 35 100 7.8 5.4 18 16.5 27.1
Wood, paper, etc. 28.7 0 35 100 10.0 9.8 18 3.7 15.9
Textiles 34.3 0 35 100 16.4 2.8 35 2.2 4.7
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 20.0 0 20 2.8 0

1. China 2015 1,756 4 7 12.6 7.8 0.0 1.8 0.5
2. European Union 2015 900 11 24 12.9 19.2 0.0 14.7 49.1
3. Brazil 2015 597 9 24 11.1 16.3 16.3 100.0 100.0
5. Mexico 2015 150 6 10 14.2 16.9 16.7 90.6 97.2
1. European Union 2015 996 16 28 4.0 1.1 0.0 22.1 78.4
2. China 2015 655 6 6 9.4 3.2 0.0 17.1 87.4
3. Brazil 2015 620 29 73 17.0 16.3 16.3 100.0 100.0
4. Argentina 2015 388 31 97 18.1 13.5 13.5 100.0 100.0
5. Mexico 2015 223 10 15 5.2 5.1 5.1 99.4 100.0

178
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2015 0.5 22.3 30.1 0.2 0.5 45.4 0.5 0.5 10.5
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2015 9.1 28.0 31.3 0.1 0.1 31.1 0.2 0.1 5.1
Imports

Cotton 10.0 0 10
Petroleum 16.7 0 30
Textiles 24.5 0 226
Clothing 30.7 0 128

1. China 2015 317 2 2 17.0 18.7 17.5 8.6 46.8
2. Kazakhstan 2015 300 9 36 9.9 8.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
3. Bangladesh 2015 248 1 1 16.7 0.0 0.0 33.3 100.0
5. Turkey 2015 43 6 7 21.8 24.0 0.0 10.7 27.3
1. Switzerland 2015 1,871 1 1 1.4 0.0 0.0 75.6 100.0
2. China 2015 950 4 7 7.0 3.2 0.0 8.1 39.3
3. Turkey 2015 668 5 15 5.0 2.1 1.2 38.6 53.1
5. Kazakhstan 2015 426 29 70 10.0 4.1 4.1 100.0 100.0

179
Vanuatu
Vanuatu

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.1 0 0 0.6 0.2 81.1 17.9 0.2 0
MFN applied 2016 60.4 10.2 6.5 2.7 8.6 9.9 1.7 0 5.5
Imports
Final bound 3.9 0.1 0 0.2 0.8 86.6 8.4 0 0
MFN applied 2016 30.7 25.1 17.4 22.2 2.8 1.3 0.4 0 0.7
Imports

Animal products 41.8 0 55 100 19.1 2.3 55
Dairy products 38.0 0 65 100 0.0 100.0 0
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 2.5 83.3 15
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 10.0 0 10
Minerals & metals 42.4 0 75 100 7.6 24.8 25
Petroleum 60.0 0 65 100 4.8 16.7 16
Chemicals 33.8 8.9 65 100 5.4 36.2 30
Wood, paper, etc. 42.5 0.8 65 100 11.6 22.9 30
Textiles 36.2 0.3 65 100 7.5 1.9 25
Clothing 40.1 0 65 100 15.2 0 30
Non-electrical machinery 36.7 6.7 60 100 3.3 63.6 25
Electrical machinery 37.9 4.3 65 100 9.8 18.6 15
Transport equipment 36.2 9.2 65 100 8.8 47.5 40
Manufactures, n.e.s. 41.0 9.4 75 100 9.5 45.4 55

1. Malaysia 2015 4 2 2 2.5 0.5 0.0 50.0 89.9
3. Australia 2015 2 5 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2015 1 1 1 27.5 37.5 37.5 100.0 100.0
5. Fiji 2015 1 2 2 9.3 5.7 5.7 100.0 100.0
1. Japan 2015 58 2 4 2.9 3.3 3.3 93.3 100.0
2. Turkey 2015 18 1 1 1.3 0.0 0.0 75.0 100.0
3. Thailand 2015 15 1 3 12.8 0.6 0.6 82.6 100.0
4. European Union 2015 13 11 20 3.1 1.0 1.0 100.0 100.0
5. China 2015 12 2 5 4.0 10.6 10.6 100.0 100.0

180
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of

Trade weighted average Ag: Tariff quotas (in %) 22.5
Imports in billion US$ Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 30.7
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.5 0.4 8.1 62.2 13.2 15.5 0
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 6.0 8.3 34.5 16.6 27.6 7.1 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0.2 0.8 6.5 92.5 0 0 0
MFN applied 2016 4.6 22.4 12.2 29.8 28.1 3.0 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 59.0 0 135 100 13.5 6.5 20
Dairy products 95.6 0 117 100 30.7 0 40
Fruit, vegetables, plants 36.0 0 40 99.5 11.3 4.6 35
Coffee, tea 31.8 0 40 100 15.6 0 20
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 9.6 0 10
Minerals & metals 33.4 0 35 100 9.9 5.8 20
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 5.5 46.4 15
Chemicals 33.6 0 35 100 7.3 0.8 20
Wood, paper, etc. 33.4 0 35 100 12.1 4.0 20
Textiles 34.9 0 35 100 18.3 0 35
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 25.8 0 35

1. European Union 2015 40 6 6 11.8 1.0 0.0 18.7 74.5
3. Guatemala 2015 16 1 1 10.8 0.0 0.0 15.0 99.3
4. Japan 2015 11 1 1 16.3 0.2 0.0 42.9 99.2
5. Mexico 2015 6 2 2 17.3 1.1 0.0 13.6 92.5
2. China 2015 6,777 1 2 4.9 0.2 0.0 33.8 78.2
3. India 2015 5,702 1 1 6.3 0.0 0.0 17.6 99.6
4. Cuba 2014 5,189 1 3 12.0 1.2 1.2 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2015 2,251 6 12 4.8 0.9 0.0 20.7 86.2

181
Viet Nam
Viet Nam

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 8.7 15.9 18.9 8.8 20.8 24.4 2.3 0.3 0
MFN applied 2016 15.6 16.6 15.7 10.5 17.9 23.0 0.3 0.3 0
Imports 2015 33.7 36.0 5.7 5.1 7.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Final bound 15.0 34.0 13.6 12.8 20.1 4.1 0.4 0.0 0.0
MFN applied 2016 38.3 19.2 7.2 12.9 18.1 3.7 0.3 0 0
Imports 2015 52.2 16.7 8.9 13.0 7.1 1.2 0.2 0 0.7

Animal products 15.0 7.0 40 100 13.8 8.3 40 0.5 3.0
Dairy products 16.6 0 35 100 10.8 9.5 20 0.3 10.4
Coffee, tea 26.8 0 40 100 25.2 0 40 0.1 0
Cotton 14.0 20.0 20 100 6.0 40.0 10 1.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 11.2 11.7 60 100 8.2 38.7 45 14.7 49.8
Petroleum 34.2 0 40 100 12.1 11.1 20 3.6 1.1
Chemicals 6.1 8.7 27 100 3.1 61.5 27 12.3 46.2
Wood, paper, etc. 11.5 15.4 25 100 10.4 25.2 25 2.8 43.9
Textiles 10.4 0.3 100 100 9.6 11.2 100 8.4 4.8
Clothing 19.9 0 20 100 19.8 0 20 0.3 0

1. China 2015 2,523 9 14 16.3 29.3 19.6 92.7 67.3
2. European Union 2015 2,512 10 25 12.0 1.5 0.6 20.9 89.5
4. Philippines 2015 575 10 18 12.8 38.3 15.3 95.8 42.3
5. Japan 2015 483 21 63 14.0 5.5 4.0 53.1 81.4
2. European Union 2015 30,182 44 332 4.9 3.9 1.6 63.8 69.8
3. China 2015 21,259 41 236 10.4 4.1 3.9 97.6 98.4
4. Japan 2015 14,534 51 448 4.3 3.7 3.3 92.7 90.9

182
Yemen
Yemen

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 4.4 7.8 51.8 24.3 4.2 0 7.4
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 1.1 43.3 30.2 0 17.9 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 37.4 34.3 24.8 0 3.5 0 0 0 0.0
Final bound 0.1 2.5 5.4 3.1 80.7 8.2 0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2016 1.2 71.5 20.3 0.1 5.2 0 0 0 0
Imports 2015 4.9 65.0 20.8 5.5 3.8 0 0 0 0

Animal products 22.3 0 30 100 12.0 0 25 2.6 0
Dairy products 18.0 0 28 100 6.0 0 10 3.8 0
Coffee, tea 40.3 0 100 100 12.4 0 25 0.7 0
Cotton 25.0 0 33 100 9.0 0 25 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 19.1 0.2 40 100 6.4 0.9 25 10.8 21.2
Petroleum 23.8 0 27 100 7.6 0 10 10.0 0
Chemicals 18.4 0 28 100 5.7 0.2 25 7.7 2.2
Wood, paper, etc. 21.5 0.6 28 100 6.2 2.7 10 3.2 2.7
Textiles 21.7 0 30 100 6.1 0.2 25 1.3 0.0
Clothing 25.0 0 25 100 10.0 0 10 1.4 0

2. Oman 2015 9 5 9 2.7 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
3. Egypt 2015 8 3 4 5.5 2.2 2.2 100.0 100.0
4. Malaysia 2015 7 1 1 5.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 99.8
5. European Union 2015 6 4 5 11.2 2.4 2.4 100.0 100.0
1. China 2015 898 1 2 6.2 0.1 0.1 98.7 100.0
3. Japan 2015 133 1 3 2.2 0.0 0.0 90.0 100.0
4. Thailand 2015 62 2 2 9.8 0.4 0.0 50.0 92.4

183
Zambia
Zambia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 2.6 0.1 97.2 0
MFN applied 2016 2.0 17.4 0 20.2 58.2 0.7 0.4 0 5.4
Imports 2015 6.7 27.9 0 10.4 53.5 1.6 0 0 17.6
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 0.5 0.1 0
MFN applied 2016 30.9 11.0 0 27.7 27.8 2.3 0 0.0 1.6
Imports 2015 49.3 5.5 0 16.2 28.2 0.6 0 0.3 3.9

Animal products 125.0 0 125 100 19.2 0 25 0.1 0
Dairy products 125.0 0 125 100 22.6 6.3 25 0.3 14.5
Coffee, tea 94.2 0 125 100 22.9 0 25 0.1 0
Cotton 125.0 0 125 100 15.0 0 15 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 36.1 0 40 3.1 11.5 20.1 30 23.3 59.4
Petroleum - - - 0 17.4 24.3 25 17.6 28.9
Chemicals 57.9 0 125 1.4 8.4 63.1 > 1000 14.9 76.2
Wood, paper, etc. 40.0 0 40 4.8 22.4 5.8 40 2.5 23.2
Textiles 40.0 0 40 0.2 15.9 6.6 25 0.9 11.5
Clothing - - - 0 25.0 0 25 0.6 0

1. Zimbabwe 2015 224 7 12 32.0 8.0 8.0 99.3 100.0
2. European Union 2015 105 5 8 7.9 24.1 24.1 100.0 100.0
3. Malawi 2015 82 4 6 18.8 15.4 15.4 100.0 100.0
4. China 2015 81 1 1 11.9 10.1 0.3 70.0 1.1
5. South Africa 2015 51 9 14 11.1 14.5 8.6 97.6 74.5
1. China 2015 1,706 2 3 1.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. India 2015 478 2 2 8.5 5.3 0.0 2.1 0.0
4. European Union 2015 364 3 4 2.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

184
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.1 3.0 0.1 0 2.2 0 0 93.4 2.6
TARIFF PROFILES
MFN applied 2016 4.9 22.8 18.1 3.2 3.8 40.5 4.2 1.4 9.3
Imports 2015 40.0 18.0 7.6 1.1 9.5 13.4 3.7 0.2 11.8
Final bound 3.3 3.5 1.8 0.8 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2
MFN applied 2016 10.5 40.7 14.8 8.3 7.2 10.9 6.7 0.7 7.6
Imports 2015 46.9 17.7 10.4 6.5 6.2 9.6 1.8 0.3 2.3

Animal products 150.0 0 150 100 38.5 8.1 150 0.3 20.8
Dairy products 150.0 0 150 100 37.1 4.8 111 0.3 0.0
Coffee, tea 139.6 0 150 100 32.7 0 40 0.2 0
Cotton 105.0 30.0 150 100 4.0 20.0 5 0.0 2.0
Minerals & metals 12.0 3.7 25 4.5 12.9 0.6 65 10.5 3.3
Petroleum - - - 0 22.2 12.5 45 25.5 96.0
Chemicals 23.1 0 150 3.3 7.5 5.0 63 13.9 21.7
Wood, paper, etc. 12.2 0 25 22.6 19.3 2.6 109 2.9 7.1
Textiles 26.4 0 35 5.5 21.2 0 189 1.5 0
Clothing - - - 0 65.0 0 166 0.3 0

1. China 2015 612 1 2 8.6 10.1 0.2 28.0 1.0
2. European Union 2015 313 9 20 10.6 24.9 24.9 100.0 100.0
3. South Africa 2015 74 12 25 10.8 65.2 65.1 99.2 99.9
1. South Africa 2015 267 20 35 9.6 2.3 2.3 100.0 100.0
3. China 2015 150 4 6 7.9 0.2 0.0 33.6 85.2
4. European Union 2015 124 8 13 3.9 2.5 2.5 99.8 100.0
5. Mozambique 2015 89 9 12 9.8 1.6 1.3 89.3 97.1

185
III. Non-tariff measures
186
1. Non-tariff measures introduction 188
2. Statistics on some selected non-tariff measures 190
2.1. Anti-dumping 190
2.2. Countervailing duties 200
2.3. Safeguards 208
187
1. Introduction
Non-tariff measures (NTMs) are becoming more and more relevant
in their influence on global trade patterns as the reductions in
tariff rates over several rounds of multilateral tariff negotiations
have diminished the impact of tariffs. The vast range of NTMs
and their potential complexity make it sometimes very difficult to
get a good overview of their existence and application. Following
the brief introduction to this classification, statistical information
on the incidence of three well known and well defined NTMs is
presented. These three measures, anti-dumping, countervailing
duties and safeguard measures are actually “tariff-like”
measures, in that they act via a tariff rate or price surcharge.

188
Definition of NTMs NTMs are thought to have important
restrictive and/or distortionary effects on
There is no officially agreed definition international trade regardless of whether
of NTMs. However, a widely accepted they are applied with protectionist
definition is the one from the Group of intent or to address important non-trade
Eminent Persons on Non-Tariff Barriers: objectives. NTMs include technical
“NTMs are policy measures, other than requirements in the area of Sanitary
[ordinary] customs tariffs, that can and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures
potentially have an economic effect on and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
international trade in goods, changing that intend to protect health or safety,
quantities traded, or prices or both”.1 or provide environmental protection.
A NTM is a mandatory requirement
The definition of NTMs does not judge enacted by an official law or regulation.
legitimacy, adequacy, necessity or Voluntary measures or private or
the discriminatory nature of any form voluntary standards are not included.
of policy intervention. Furthermore, Thus, international standards, such as
the concept of NTMs is neutral and ISO or Codex Alimentarius standards,
does not imply a negative or positive are not considered a NTM unless
impact on trade. The existence of a adopted and made part of the national
NTM on a specific product in a given legislation in a country. Procedural
country per se, vis-à-vis non-existence obstacles to trade, i.e. practical
of NTM in another country, would not challenges and processes that make

mean the former has a more restrictive compliance with the measures difficult,
trade regime. It would depend on the are also not considered as NTMs per
nature, substance and application of se. Procedural obstacles are issues
the measure. Some NTMs might have a related to the process of application of
positive impact no trade, though many a NTM, rather than the measure itself.
1. Non-Tariff Measures: Evidence from Selected Developing Countries and Future Research Agenda,
UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2009/3, United Nations 2010.

189
2. Statistics on some selected non-tariff measures
2.1. Anti-dumping
When a company exports a product at nomenclature. Missing HS coding Table 2.1.1 gives an overview of the
a price lower than the price it normally information was complemented from (stock of) measures in effect as of
charges in its own home market, it is the Global Antidumping Database 31 December 2016. It indicates the
said to be “dumping” the product. The (GAD) which is part of the World Bank’s product coverage in terms of HS-6 digit
normal value is generally the price of Temporary Trade Barriers Database.4 codes. It also lists by WTO member how
the product at issue, in the ordinary The GAD database is freely available many new investigations have been
course of trade, when destined for and has detailed information about anti- initiated, how many final measures
consumption in the exporting country dumping investigations and measures have been put into effect and how
market.2 The WTO Agreement by country. The use of the data for many measures were withdrawn.
does not regulate the actions of this publication was kindly authorized
Tables 2.1.2 and 2.1.3 show more
companies engaged in “dumping”. by the author of the database. The
specifically which product groups
Its focus is on how governments merged data are available in the
have been subject to final AD
can or cannot react to dumping — it UNCTAD TRAINS database.5
measures.6 In Table 2.1.2 the product
disciplines anti-dumping actions.
The following tables show categories follow the groupings
Data on anti-dumping (AD) measures systematically the measure count for used in this publication in Part A2
drawn from WTO members’ notifications both the WTO member imposing the of the tariff profiles whereas in
are available in the Integrated Trade measures and the trading partner Table 2.1.3 more detailed HS 4-digit
Intelligence Portal and are the basis affected by the measures. It is worth headings are used to show in detail
for the data shown here.3 Some noting that AD measures are also which products are most frequently
notifications lack detailed information applied on exports from some countries subject to final AD measures.7
about product classifications according currently acceding to the WTO and
to the Harmonized System (HS) others that are not WTO members.
2. See also: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm .

3. See http://i-tip.wto.org
4. See Chad P. Bown (2015) “Global Antidumping Database”, available at http://econ.worldbank.org/ttbd/gad/
5. See http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DITC/Trade-Analysis/Non-Tariff-Measures/NTMs-trains.aspx
6. Please note that the sum of measures in Table 2.1.2 is higher than the sum of measures in Table 2.1.1. This is due to the fact that a number of
individual measures cover products which fall in more than one product group. Therefore a single measure may be listed more than once in Table 2.1.2
as well as in Table 2.1.3.
7. The choice of the G-20 country grouping was made to align this report with the grouping chosen for the WTO trade monitoring reports.

190
Table 2.1.1. A
nti-dumping measures in effect in 2016

Country/Territory Name of importing/exporting country/territory
Number of investigations initiated by

Investigations initiated
the country as importer in 2016
From
1 January to
Number of final measures implemented
31 December Implemented
by the country as importer in 2016
2016
Final
measures
Measures
Withdrawn / Number of final measures withdrawn or revoked
taken as
Revoked by the country as importer in 2016
importer
Number of Number of final measures in effect on products

measures imported by the country as of 31 December 2016
As of Final
31 December measures
Products
2016 in effect Number of distinct HS 6-digit subheadings covered (fully
covered

or partially) by products on which final measures by the
(Number of
importing country were in force as of 31 December 2016
HS 6‑digit)
Number of investigations initiated on products

exported by the country in 2016
From
1 January to
31 December Number of final measures implemented on
Implemented
2016 products exported by the country in 2016
Final
measures
Measures
Withdrawn / Number of final measures on products exported
faced as
Revoked by the country withdrawn or revoked in 2016
exporter

measures exported by the country as of 31 December 2016
As of Final
Products
covered
or partially) by products on which the country as exporter
(Number of
is subject to final measures as of 31 December 2016
HS 6‑digit)
Note:
All members submitting semi-annual reports of anti-dumping actions are listed individually. Where listed members take action on a customs-union-wide
basis, the figures on numbers of actions are shown for the WTO member in which the investigating authority is physically located. As indicated below, to
avoid multiple-counting, the rows for the other reporting customs union members are left blank.
• All anti-dumping actions notified by the European Union operate EU-wide, i.e., in respect of all EU member states, which do not notify individually.
• All anti-dumping actions notified by South Africa operate at the level of the Southern African Customs Union, i.e., also in respect of Botswana, Lesotho,
Namibia, and Swaziland.
• All actions identified in respect of the Russian Federation for 2015 and thereafter operate at the level of the Eurasian Economic Union, i.e., also in
respect of Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan and Belarus (non-WTO member).

191
Table 2.1.1. Anti-dumping measures in effect in 2016
Measures taken as importer

From 1 January to 31 December 2016 As of 31 December 2016
Country/Territory Final measures Final measures in effect
Investigations
initiated Withdrawn/ Number of
Implemented HS sub-headings
Revoked measures
Algeria
Argentina 25 1 2 83 105
Armenia
Australia 17 5 5 55 61
Austria
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgium
Botswana
Brazil 11 13 6 156 99
Bulgaria
Canada 14 3 2 61 73
Chile 1 1 1 4
China 5 11 6 95 53
Colombia 1 1 1 17 21
Costa Rica 1 1
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic 1 2 3
Egypt 14 4 1 10 10
El Salvador 1
European Union 14 8 2 115 157
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
India 69 37 15 248 349
Indonesia 7 32 32
Iran
Israel 1 1 1 1
Italy
Japan 1 2 6 3
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Republic of 4 3 8 27 27
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Latvia

192
Table 2.1.1. A
Measures faced as exporter

Final measures Final measures in effect Country/Territory
Investigations
Revoked measures
1 13 Algeria
2 7 22 Argentina
Armenia
3 4 39 Australia
1 1 2 Austria
1 1 2 2 Bangladesh
2 5 12 Belarus
3 1 4 10 Belgium
1 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
13 3 3 25 97 Brazil
1 5 82 Bulgaria
2 1 1 8 17 Canada

1 6 8 Chile
94 44 12 559 972 China
1 1 Colombia
Costa Rica
1 2 Czech Republic
2 3 Denmark
Dominican Republic
1 4 4 Egypt
El Salvador
7 5 2 38 74 European Union
2 1 5 9 Finland
1 1 3 6 11 France
1 Georgia
1 1 2 20 43 Germany
1 3 3 Greece
1 4 11 Hong Kong, China
1 Hungary
12 8 4 68 173 India
9 5 1 55 153 Indonesia
6 1 1 5 5 Iran
6 10 Israel
2 2 5 14 36 Italy
12 7 6 60 133 Japan
4 19 Kazakhstan
1 1 Kenya
32 14 3 107 233 Korea, Republic of
1 1 Kyrgyz Republic
1 1 Lao People's Democratic Republic
1 1 Latvia

193
Table 2.1.1. A

Investigations
Revoked measures
Lesotho
Malaysia 5 1 21 16
Mexico 6 12 3 64 73
Morocco 4 7 13
Namibia
Netherlands
New Zealand 1 7 3
Norway
Oman
Pakistan 24 2 10 21 7
Paraguay 1
Peru 1 9 64
Philippines 1 1 1
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation 1 4 19 62
Serbia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
South Africa 4 28 20
Spain
Sri Lanka
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Chinese Taipei 8 6 24
Thailand 10 5 40 55
Trinidad and Tobago 1 1 4
Tunisia
Turkey 17 15 2 156 232
Ukraine 1 2 16 16
United Kingdom
United States of America 37 35 6 287 362
Uruguay 1 1
Viet Nam 3 4 7

194
Table 2.1.1. A

Investigations
Revoked measures
Lesotho
10 8 1 44 170 Malaysia
3 3 23 48 Mexico
3 6 Moldova, Republic of
1 1 Morocco
Namibia
1 1 3 33 Netherlands
New Zealand
1 1 1 Norway
2 5 6 Oman
2 1 7 79 Pakistan
1 1 Paraguay
2 1 3 Peru

1 1 11 44 Philippines
2 2 53 Poland
1 2 3 7 Portugal
1 Qatar
1 1 7 22 Romania
12 5 4 41 77 Russian Federation
2 6 48 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
1 1 1 Serbia
2 2 13 18 Singapore
1 13 Slovak Republic
3 2 1 16 46 South Africa
5 2 1 10 26 Spain
4 11 Sri Lanka
Swaziland
5 13 Sweden
2 8 Switzerland
10 9 4 105 280 Chinese Taipei
10 2 5 65 198 Thailand
1 4 Trinidad and Tobago
1 1 Tunisia
7 6 1 22 72 Turkey
7 4 1 28 71 Ukraine
2 1 12 24 United Arab Emirates
1 2 5 55 United Kingdom
5 8 8 73 106 United States of America
1 1 Uruguay
3 19 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
7 10 36 118 Viet Nam

195
Table 2.1.2. A
nti-dumping final measures by product groups
in effect as of 31 December 2016
Same product groups as used in the country tables of Part II of

this publication; for a definition see the technical notes of Part II.
Product groups
Final measure notifications where no HS code could be identified
are classified under "Others (no HS code provided)"
Total number of measures Total number of final measures in the product group
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States as importers
Final measures
in effect as of 31 Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD - as importers:
G-20 (excluding
December 2016 Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
QUAD)
in the country group Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Turkey
as importer
Other Final measures of other importing countries
QUAD Final measures affecting Canada, EU, Japan or the United States as exporters
Final measures
in effect as of 31 Final measures affecting G-20 members excluding QUAD - as exporters:
G-20 (excluding
December 2016 Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
QUAD)
on the country group Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Turkey
as exporter
Other Final measures affecting other exporting countries

196
Table 2.1.2. A
nti-dumping final measures by product groups
Final measures in effect as of Final measures as of

31 December 2016 in the country 31 December 2016 on the country
Total group as importer group as exporter
Product Groups number of
measures G-20 G-20
QUAD (excluding Other QUAD (excluding Other
QUAD) QUAD)
Animal products 2 2 2
Dairy products
Fruits, vegetables, plants 33 9 20 4 1 17 15
Coffee, tea
Cereals and preparations 9 7 1 1 1 8
Oilseeds, fats and oils 11 7 4 5 5 1
Sugars and confectionery 3 3 1 2
Beverages and tobacco 2 2 1 1
Cotton 1 1 1

Other agricultural products 3 2 1 3
Fish and fish products 7 7 4 3
Minerals and metals 662 279 295 88 51 418 193
Petroleum 5 5 3 2
Chemicals 444 92 310 42 92 258 94
Wood, paper, etc 72 24 41 7 14 39 19
Textiles 127 15 105 7 4 77 46
Clothing 1 1 1
Leather, footwear, etc 63 3 56 4 5 33 25
Non-electrical machinery 55 13 41 1 1 41 13
Electrical machinery 62 19 40 3 47 15
Transport equipment 28 9 19 21 7
Manufactures n.e.s. 61 11 48 2 4 41 16

197
Table 2.1.3. Anti-dumping final measures in effect as of 31 December 2016 –
ranked list of the 20 most frequently affected HS headings
These are product groups of the Harmonized System at

Product group / HS Heading description the HS 4-digit Heading level. They are ranked according
to the number of total final measures in effect.
Total number of measures Total number of final measures affecting products in a given HS Heading
Final measures
in effect as of Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD - as importers:
G-20 (excluding
31 December 2016 Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
QUAD)
in the country Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey
group as importer
Final measures affecting Canada, EU, Japan

QUAD
or the United States as exporters
Final measures
in effect as of
Final measures affecting G-20 members excluding QUAD - as exporters:
31 December 2016 G-20 (excluding
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
against the country QUAD)
Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey
group as exporter

198
Table 2.1.3. Anti-dumping final measures in effect as of 31 December 2016 –
ranked list of the 20 most frequently affected HS headings
Final measures in effect as Final measures in effect as
of 31 December 2016 in the of 31 December 2016 in the
HS Total country group as importer country group as exporter
Product group/HS heading description 4-digit number of
Code measures G20 G20
QUAD) QUAD)
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width
7208 84 32 34 18 5 48 31
>= 600 mm, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles "e.g., open seam or
welded, riveted or similarly closed", of iron or steel
(excl. of cast iron, seamless tubes and pipes and 7306 72 56 11 5 41 31
tubes having internal and external circular cross-
sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm)
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless,
of a width of >= 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled 7225 70 43 19 8 10 47 13
"cold-reduced"
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a
width >= 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold- 7210 54 33 10 11 4 39 11
reduced", clad, plated or coated
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless,
of a width of < 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled 7226 53 43 8 2 11 34 8
"cold-reduced"
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a
width of < 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold- 7211 52 28 6 18 5 32 15
reduced", not clad, plated or coated

Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of iron
7304 48 29 18 1 7 27 14
or steel (excl. products of cast iron)
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber 4011 42 2 39 1 1 22 19
of < 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced", 7212 36 32 4 3 26 7
clad, plated or coated
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of
7219 35 9 16 10 5 17 13
>= 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced"
Plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of non-cellular
plastics, not reinforced, laminated, supported or
similarly combined with other materials, without
backing, unworked or merely surface-worked or 3920 35 3 20 12 2 22 11
merely cut into squares or rectangles (excl. self-
adhesive products, and floor, wall and ceiling
coverings of heading 3918)
Synthetic filament yarn, incl. synthetic monofilaments
of < 67 decitex (excl. sewing thread and yarn put up 5402 34 1 33 2 16 16
for retail sale)
Other bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless,
angles, shapes and sections of alloy steel other than
7228 32 20 11 1 2 21 9
stainless, n.e.s.; hollow drill bars and rods, of alloy or
non-alloy steel
Tube or pipe fittings "e.g. couplings, elbows,
7307 31 20 11 1 20 10
sleeves", of iron or steel
Polycarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides,
peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, 2917 31 2 22 7 4 19 8
sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Polymers of vinyl chloride or of other halogenated
3904 30 29 1 9 13 8
olefins, in primary forms
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, not further
worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-
7214 29 19 7 3 1 17 11
extruded, but incl. those twisted after rolling (excl.
in irregularly wound coils)
Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, hot-rolled,
7213 29 11 10 8 20 9
in irregularly wound coils
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of
7220 28 9 11 8 5 12 11
< 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced"
Acyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated,
2905 25 3 20 2 6 13 6
nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

199
2.2. Countervailing measures
Dumping and subsidies — together Dumping is an action by a company. product coverage in terms of HS-6
with anti-dumping (AD) measures With subsidies, it is the government or digit codes. It also lists by country how
and countervailing duties (CVD) — a government agency that acts, either many new investigations have been
share a number of similarities. The by paying out subsidies directly or by initiated, how many final measures
reaction to dumping and subsidies is requiring companies to subsidize certain have been put into effect and how
often a special offsetting import tax customers. Countervailing duty (the many measures were withdrawn.
(countervailing duty in the case of a parallel of anti-dumping duty) can only
subsidy). This is charged on products be charged after the importing country Tables 2.2.2 and 2.2.3 show more
from specific countries and therefore it has conducted a detailed investigation specifically which product groups
breaks the GATT principles of binding similar to that required for anti-dumping have been subject to final CVD
a tariff and treating trading partners action.9 Data on countervailing (CVD) measures.11 In Table 2.2.2 the product
equally (MFN). The agreements provide measures drawn from WTO members’ categories follow the groupings
an escape clause, but they both also notifications are available in the used in this publication in Part A.2
say that before imposing a duty, the Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal and
importing country must conduct a of the tariff profiles whereas in
are the basis for the data shown here.10 Table 2.2.3 more detailed HS 4-digit
detailed investigation that shows that
domestic industry is hurt. But there Table 2.2.1 gives an overview of the headings are used to show in detail
are also fundamental differences, and (stock of) measures in effect as of which products are most frequently
these are reflected in the agreements. 31 December 2016. It indicates the subject to final CVD measures.12
9. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/scm_e/scm_e.htm
individual measures cover products which fall in more than one product group. Therefore a single measure may be listed more than once in Table
2.2.2 as well as in Table 2.2.3.

200
Table 2.2.1. C
ountervailing measures in effect in 2016
Country/Territory Name of importing/exporting country/territory
Number of investigations initiated by

the country as importer in 2016
From
1 January to
Number of final measures implemented
31 December Implemented
by the country as importer in 2016
2016
Final
measures
Measures
Withdrawn / Number of final measures withdrawn or revoked
taken as
Revoked by the country as importer in 2016
importer

measures imported by the country as of 31 December 2016
As of Final
Products
covered

(Number of
HS 6‑digit)
Number of investigations initiated on products

exported by the country in 2016
From
1 January to
31 December Number of final measures implemented on
Implemented
2016 products exported by the country in 2016
Final
measures
Measures
Withdrawn / Number of final measures on products exported
faced as
Revoked by the country withdrawn or revoked in 2016
exporter

measures exported by the country as of 31 December 2016
As of Final
Products
covered
or partially) by products on which the country as exporter
(Number of
is subject to final measures as of 31 December 2016
HS 6‑digit)

201
Table 2.2.1. Countervailing measures in 2016

Investigations
Revoked measures
Argentina
Australia 8 1 1 8 14
Brazil 1 1 1 3
Canada 2 2 20 64
China 1 4 17
Egypt 2
European Union 1 3 15 42
India 1 1 1 1
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
Korea, Republic of
Malaysia
Mexico 3 2
New Zealand 1
Pakistan 1
Peru 1 2 81
Russian Federation
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Turkey 1 3
Ukraine 1 1 9
United States of America 16 16 79 253
Viet Nam

202
Table 2.2.1. Countervailing measures in 2016

Investigations
Revoked measures
1 1 81 Argentina
Australia
1 2 3 63 Brazil
1 2 7 Canada
20 8 68 214 China
Egypt
3 6 European Union
3 6 24 103 India
1 1 3 22 Indonesia
2 1 Iran
1 2 19 Italy

1 3 6 82 Korea, Republic of
1 1 1 Malaysia
1 13 Mexico
New Zealand
Pakistan
Peru
1 1 9 Russian Federation
1 8 South Africa
1 Sri Lanka
1 2 9 Chinese Taipei
1 14 Thailand
2 1 7 38 Turkey
Ukraine
1 1 4 20 United States of America
2 3 5 Viet Nam

203
Table 2.2.2. Countervailing final measures by product groups
Same product groups as used in the country tables of Part II of

this publication; for a definition see the technical notes of Part II.
Product groups
Final measure notifications where no HS code could be identified
are classified under "Others (no HS code provided)"
Final measures
G-20 (excluding
QUAD)
in the country Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Turkey
group as importer
Final measures
in effect as of Final measures affecting G-20 members excluding QUAD - as exporters:
G-20 (excluding
QUAD)
against the country Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Turkey
group as exporter

204
Table 2.2.2. Countervailing final measures by product groups
Final measures in effect as of Final measures as of

31 December 2016 in the country 31 December 2016 on the country
Total group as importer group as exporter
Product Groups number of
measures G-20 G-20
QUAD) QUAD)
Animal products 1 1 1
Dairy products
Fruits, vegetables, plants 2 2 2
Coffee, tea
Cereals and preparations 3 2 1 1 2
Oilseeds, fats and oils 3 2 1 2 1
Sugars and confectionery 2 2 1 1
Beverages and tobacco
Cotton

Other agricultural products 2 1 1 1 1
Fish and fish products 1 1 1
Minerals and metals 70 64 6 66 4
Petroleum 2 2 2
Chemicals 28 18 8 2 5 22 1
Wood, paper, etc 10 10 1 9
Textiles 4 3 1 4
Clothing 1 1 1
Leather, footwear, etc 3 3 3
Non-electrical machinery 3 3 3
Electrical machinery 9 8 1 9
Transport equipment 3 1 1 1 3
Manufactures n.e.s. 1 1 1

205
Table 2.2.3. Countervailing final measures in effect as of 31 December 2016 –
ranked list of the most frequently affected HS headings
These are product groups of the Harmonized System at

Product group / HS Heading description the HS 4-digit Heading level. They are ranked according
to the number of total final measures in effect.
Total number of measures Total number of final measures affecting products in a given HS Heading
Final measures
G-20 (excluding
QUAD)
in the country Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey
group as importer
Final measures
in effect as of Final measures affecting G-20 members excluding QUAD - as exporters:
G-20 (excluding
QUAD)
against the country Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey
group as exporter

206
Table 2.2.3. Countervailing final measures in effect as of 31 December 2016 –
ranked list of the most frequently affected HS headings
Final measures in effect Final measures in effect
as of 31 December 2016 as of 31 December 2016
in the country group as in the country group
HS Total
importer as exporter
Product group/HS heading description 4-digit number of
Code measures G20 G20
QUAD) QUAD)
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width >= 600 mm,
7210 16 14 2 15 1
hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced", clad, plated or coated
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles "e.g., open seam or welded, riveted or
similarly closed", of iron or steel (excl. of cast iron, seamless tubes and
7306 15 14 1 15
pipes and tubes having internal and external circular cross-sections and
an external diameter of > 406,4 mm)
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width
7225 14 13 1 13 1
of >= 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced"
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width
7226 12 12 11 1
of < 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced"
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm,
7212 10 10 10
hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced", clad, plated or coated
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm,
7211 10 10 9 1
hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of iron or steel
7304 8 8 8
(excl. products of cast iron)
Wire of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils (excl. bars and rods) 7217 8 8 8

7208 8 7 1 7 1
>= 600 mm, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated
Tubes and pipes, having circular cross-sections and an external diameter
of > 406,4 mm, of flat-rolled products of iron or steel "e.g., welded, riveted 7305 6 6 6
or similarly closed"
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, cold-formed or cold-finished, whether or
7215 5 5 5
not further worked, or hot-formed and further worked, n.e.s.
Prepared binders for foundry moulds or cores; chemical products and
preparations for the chemical or allied industries, incl. mixtures of natural 3824 5 3 2 3 2
products, n.e.s.
Diodes, transistors and similar semiconductor devices; photosensitive
semiconductor devices, incl. photovoltaic cells whether or not assembled in
8541 4 4 4
modules or made up into panels (excl. photovotaic generators); light emitting
diodes; mounted piezoelectric crystals; parts thereof
Structures and parts of structures "e.g., bridges and bridge-sections, lock-
gates, towers, lattice masts, roofs, roofing frameworks, doors and windows
and their frames and thresholds for doors, shutters, balustrades, pillars and
7308 4 4 4
columns", of iron or steel; plates, rods, angles, shapes, sections, tubes and the
like, prepared for use in structures, of iron or steel (excl. prefabricated buildings
of heading 9406)
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, cold-
7209 4 4 4
rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated
Paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin "China clay" or
other inorganic substances, with or without a binder, and with no other coating,
4810 4 4 4
whether or not surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, in rolls or in square
or rectangular sheets, of any size (excl. all other coated papers and paperboards)
Hydrogen, rare gases and other non-metals 2804 4 1 3 2 2
Electric motors and generators (excl. generating sets) 8501 3 3 3
Bars, rods and profiles, of aluminium, n.e.s. 7604 3 3 3
Sanitary ware, and parts thereof, of iron or steel (excl. cans, boxes and similar
containers of heading 7310, small wall cabinets for medical supplies or toiletries 7324 3 2 1 3
and other furniture of chapter 94, and fittings)
Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils 7213 3 3 3
Uncoated paper and paperboard, of a kind used for writing, printing or other
graphic purposes, and non-perforated punchcards and punch-tape paper, in
4802 3 3 1 2
rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, and handmade paper and
paperboard (excl. newsprint of heading 4801 and paper of heading 4803)
Plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of non-cellular plastics, not reinforced,
laminated, supported or similarly combined with other materials, without backing,
3920 3 1 2 3
unworked or merely surface-worked or merely cut into squares or rectangles (excl.
self-adhesive products, and floor, wall and ceiling coverings of heading 3918)
Polyacetals, other polyethers and epoxide resins, in primary forms;
3907 3 3 3
polycarbonates, alkyd resins, polyallyl esters and other polyesters, in primary forms
Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, anti-sprouting products
and plant-growth regulators, disinfectants and similar products, put up for
3808 3 2 1 3
retail sale or as preparations or articles, e.g. sulphur-treated bands, wicks
and candles, and fly-papers

207
2.3. Safeguards
A WTO member may restrict imports of were 5 countries exporting a specific Table 2.3.1 gives an overview of the
a product temporarily (take “safeguard” product into a country, and that country (stock of) measures in effect as of
actions) if its domestic industry is imposed a safeguard measure on 31 December 2016. It indicates the
injured or threatened with injury caused this product, this safeguard measure product coverage in terms of HS-6
by a surge in imports. Here, the injury affects five countries, In this sense, care digit codes. It also lists by country
has to be serious. An import “surge” should be taken when comparing the how many new investigations have
justifying safeguard action can be a number of measures in, for example been initiated and how many final
real increase in imports (an absolute anti-dumping, where one anti-dumping measures have been put into effect.
increase); or it can be an increase in the measure affects only one exporting
imports’ share of a shrinking market, country. The WTO agreement sets Tables 2.3.2 and 2.3.3 show more
even if the import quantity has not out requirements for safeguard specifically which product groups
increased (relative increase). Industries investigations by national authorities. have been subject to final Safeguard
or companies may request safeguard The emphasis is on transparency measures.15 In table 2.3.2 the product
action by their government. After a and on following established rules categories follow the groupings used
proper investigation, a government and practices — avoiding arbitrary in this publication in Part A.2 of the
can, if the necessary conditions as methods.13 Data on safeguard actions tariff profiles whereas in table 2.3.3
above are met, restrict imports of the drawn from WTO members’ notifications more detailed HS chapters are used
product from all sources (but not from a are available in the Integrated Trade to show in detail which particular
specific member or group of members). Intelligence Portal and are the products are most frequently subject
This means that, for example, if there basis for the data shown here.14 to final safeguard measures.16
Table 2.3.1. Safeguard measures in effect in 2016
Country/Territory Name of country/territory
Investigations initiated Number of investigations initiated by the country in 2016

From
1 January to
31 December
2016
Final measures Imposed Number of final measures imposed by the country in 2016
Final measures Number of Number of final measures in effect on products

in effect measures imported by the country as of 31 December 2016
As of
31 December
2016 Products
Number of distinct HS 6-digit subheadings covered (fully
covered
(Number of
HS 6‑digit)
13. See also http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm8_e.htm#safeguards

individual measures cover products which fall in more than one product group. Therefore a single measure may be listed more than once in Table
2.3.2 as well as in Table 2.3.3.

208
Table 2.3.1. Safeguard measures in effect in 2016

Final measures in effect
Country/Territory Investigations Final measures
initiated imposed Number of Products covered
measures in HS 6-digit
Chile 1
China 1 1 2
Costa Rica 1 2
Ecuador 1 3
Egypt 1 9
India 1 2 5 40
Indonesia 6 65
Jordan 1
Malaysia 2 1 3
Morocco 2 49
Philippines 3 5
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2

South Africa 2
Thailand 1 3 12
Turkey 2 3
Ukraine 1 2 2
Viet Nam 1 1 2
Zambia 1 27

209
Table 2.3.2. Safeguard final measures by product groups
Same product groups as used in the country tables of Part II of this publication;
for a definition see the technical notes of Part II. Final measure notifications
Product groups
where no HS code could be identified are classified under “Others (no HS code
provided)”
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States
Final measures
Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD: Argentina,
in effect as of 31 G-20 (excluding
Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Mexico,
December 2016 QUAD)
Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Turkey
in the country group
Other Final measures of other countries/territories

210
Table 2.3.2. S
afeguard final measures by product groups
Final measures as of
31 December 2016 on the country
Total number of group as exporter
Product Groups
measures
G-20 (excluding
QUAD Other
QUAD)
Animal products
Dairy products
Fruits, vegetables, plants
Coffee, tea
Cereals and preparations 1 1
Oilseeds, fats and oils 2 1 1
Sugars and confectionery
Beverages and tobacco
Cotton

Other agricultural products
Fish and fish products
Minerals and metals 18 8 10
Petroleum
Chemicals 3 3
Wood, paper, etc 5 2 3
Textiles 2 1 1
Clothing
Leather, footwear, etc
Non-electrical machinery
Electrical machinery
Transport equipment 1 1
Manufactures n.e.s.

211
Table 2.3.3. S
afeguard final measures in effect as of 31 December 2016 –
ranked list of the most frequently affected HS chapters
These are product groups of the Harmonized System at the HS chapter level.
Product description / HS chapter
They are ranked according to the number of total final measures in effect.
Total number of measures Total number of final measures affecting products in a given HS chapter
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States
Final measures
Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD: Argentina,
in effect as of 31 G-20 (excluding
Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Mexico,
December 2016 QUAD)
Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey
in the country group
Other Final measures of other countries or territories

212
Table 2.3.3. S
afeguard final measures in effect as of 31 December 2016 –
ranked list of the most frequently affected HS chapters
Final measures in effect as of 31 December

2016 in the country group
Total number
Product description HS Chapter G-20
of measures
QUAD (excluding Other
QUAD)
Iron and steel 72 14 6 8
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

48 4 2 2
pulp, of paper or of paperboard
Articles of iron or steel 73 2 2
Plastics and articles thereof 39 2 1 1
Organic chemicals 29 2 2
Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling

87 1 1
stock, and parts and accessories thereof
Glass and glassware 70 1 1
Ceramic products 69 1 1

Cotton 52 1 1
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 44 1 1
Miscellaneous chemical products 38 1 1
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and

their cleavage products; prepared edible 15 1 1
fats; animal or vegetable waxes
Cereals 10 1 1

213
IV. Special topic:
Export diversification
214
I. Introduction 216
II. Product diversification globally and by country 216
III. Other diversification indicators 225
IV. Conclusions 231
215
I. Introduction
The diversity of an economy’s exports geographical and historical “diversity” for a given year. Import statistics
and its export performance reveal as well as product diversification in have been used mostly as they are
to what extent a country is able to terms of items in the Harmonized known to be more reliable than export
compete in global markets. They are System (HS), the system used to statistics. The data have been drawn
also indicators of the country’s capacity classify traded goods on a common from the WTO’s Integrated Data Base1
to participate in global value chains, the basis. Since length of time in multiple and the UN COMTRADE database.2
worldwide network of processes that markets with a wide range of products Import statistics for 18 countries3 from
add value to the good or service being is a significant indicator of production 1996 to 2014 at the HS six-digit level
produced. While most studies have diversification and integration in were used to calculate the export
looked at trade values when analysing international market, this study data for 146 countries and customs
export diversification measures, this explores the time dimension of export territories (see Annex 2). To ensure the
study focuses on the range of products diversification. The analysis reveals robustness of the analysis, a minimum
as an indicator of diversification and that the global slowdown in trade in threshold of US$ 10,000 is used to
technological capacity. This is known as 2008 had a very significant impact exclude insignificant trade flows.
the extensive margin of trade as trade on countries’ trade diversification.
volumes (beyond a certain threshold The following section provides an
value) are not taken into account. To achieve sound estimates, the overview of export diversification
diversification of products is measured in terms of the numbers of product
The study builds on analysis conducted at the HS six-digit level (comprising categories covered by countries’
by Hausmann and Hidalgo (2011), about 5,000 products). These statistics exports. The scope of exports across
who measure the diversity of export can be based on countries own export countries and across years is measured
performance through the range statistics or on their trading partner’ to explore the overall trends. Section
of technological capabilities and import statistics. As is well known, 3 expands the analysis by considering
other endowments which give some these statistics do not usually match the diversity of export markets and the
countries a greater presence than each other (Markhonko 2014) but for length of time for the range of products.
others in world markets. This study this analysis, this is not so important Based on these analyses, an index
uses a much larger dataset of trade as it focuses on longer-term statistics of export diversification is provided.
statistics, taking into account both and not on trying to match trade levels
II. Product diversification globally and by country

The Harmonized Commodity to classify these products. The of diversification. This indicator
Description and Coding System most detailed product classification does not consider trade volumes.
(generally referred to as the is known as a “subheading” and Although taking into account trade
“Harmonized System” or simply is denoted by a six-digit code. values could be useful in measuring
“HS”) provides a standardized list intensity vis-à-vis product diversity, it
of about 5,000 products used by Looking at the range of HS product could also distort the measurement of
virtually all countries to classify their codes covered by a country’s exports pure export potential as this could be
exports and imports. These products is an obvious way to measure the under-estimated when trade values
range from simple raw materials to diversification of exports as the are given too much importance.
the most sophisticated machinery. number of HS subheadings provides
The HS provides a coding system a simple and transparent measure
1. Product diversification across countries

It is not surprising that larger classification whereas small economies to the number of product categories
economies export and import a much tend to export less than 100 of the they exported annually from 1996 to
larger spectrum of goods than small products listed in the HS. Less than 2014. The first group consists of the
economies. The three traders with one-third of the countries analysed European Union, the United States
the most diverse range of products export more than 500 products. and China which trade most of the
are the United States, the European 5,000 products in the HS list.
Union and China, which export most of Table 1 categorizes the 146 countries
the 5,000 or so items listed in the HS analysed into six groups according
1. https://tao.wto.org
2. https://comtrade.un.org
3. Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Nigeria, the Russian
Federation, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey and the United States. For the European Union a membership of 27, i.e. excluding Croatia
was presumed to have existed throughout the whole period.

216
The next group of countries (including and its strong rankings in terms large developing countries and some
Canada, India, Japan Korea and of competitiveness and innovation eastern European and Mediterranean
Switzerland) exports between 3,000 certainly play a role. Also its proximity to countries such as Ukraine, Israel and
and 4,500 product categories. the European Union market is a factor. Serbia. The last two groups, which
Switzerland’s inclusion in this group Being a relatively large economy or export less than 500 and 50 product
is noteworthy given its population of being close to a large market, such as categories respectively, consist mostly
just 8 million. Switzerland’s open trade the European Union, characterize the of least-developed countries (LDCs)
regime (indicated by its participation countries in the next two groups. These and other small island economies.
in 40 regional trade agreements) include most other developed countries,
Table 1: Groupings of exporters according to numbers of product

categories exported (average from 1996 to 2014)
4,500 - Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Honduras Uzbekistan
China Serbia Iceland Venezuela, Bolivarian
European Union Sri Lanka Jamaica Republic of
United States of America Tunisia Jordan Yemen
3,001-4,500 Ukraine Kenya Zambia
Canada United Arab Emirates Kuwait, the State of Zimbabwe
Chinese Taipei Uruguay Kyrgyz Republic 1-50
India Viet Nam Lao People's Democratic Afghanistan
Japan 51-500 Republic Antigua and Barbuda
Korea, Republic of Albania Lebanese Republic Benin
Switzerland Algeria Libya Bhutan
Turkey Angola Macao, China Burkina Faso
2,001-3,000 Armenia Madagascar Burundi
Australia Azerbaijan Malawi Cabo Verde
Brazil Bahamas Mali Central African Republic
Hong Kong, China Bahrain, Kingdom of Mauritania Comoros
Indonesia Bangladesh Mauritius Djibouti
Malaysia Barbados Moldova, Republic of Dominica
Mexico Belize Mongolia Equatorial Guinea
Norway Bolivia, Plurinational State of Mozambique Grenada
Russian Federation Brunei Darussalam Myanmar Guinea-Bissau
Singapore Cambodia Nepal Iraq
South Africa Cameroon Nicaragua Liberia
Thailand Congo Nigeria Maldives
501-2,000 Côte d'Ivoire Oman Niger
Argentina Cuba Panama Rwanda
Belarus Democratic Republic Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis
IV SPECIAL TOPIC
Bosnia and Herzegovina of the Congo Paraguay Saint Lucia
Chile Dominican Republic Qatar Saint Vincent and the
Colombia Ecuador Senegal Grenadines
Costa Rica El Salvador Sierra Leone Samoa
Egypt Ethiopia Suriname Sao Tome and Principe
Iran Fiji Syrian Arab Republic Seychelles
Israel Gabon Tajikistan Solomon Islands
Kazakhstan Georgia Tanzania The Gambia
Morocco Ghana The former Yugoslav Tonga
New Zealand Guatemala Republic of Macedonia Vanuatu
Pakistan Guinea Togo
Peru Guyana Trinidad and Tobago
Philippines Haiti Uganda

217
2. Product diversification over time
If diversification of exports is associated annual exports during the same period. exports. This increase in diversification
with economic development, it is Overall, an increase in diversification continued until the beginning of the
important to track diversification over is visible over time, in line with an financial crisis in 2008-09. The slump
time. Figure 1 shows the long-term expansion in trade. The chart shows in exports that followed did not only
trends of product diversification for all a fairly flat trend initially. A steep rise affect overall export volumes but also
154 countries surveyed from 1996 to in product diversity occurs after 2001 led to a decline in export diversification.
2014, together with the total value of accompanied by growth in the value of
Figure 1: Long-term trend for product diversification

and value of global exports
Figure 2 shows that the diversity of other developed economies, such as supporting this impressive performance.
exports from developed countries Australia, Japan and Switzerland. India and Turkey also experienced a
has not changed much. This is rapid expansion in export diversity. From
mainly due to the stability of export By contrast, emerging economies 2000 to 2008, the number of product
structures in these countries and to have expanded their export diversity categories exported by India and Turkey
the maturity of developed economies. over the past two decades. In the early increased by 32 per cent. Viet Nam
The European Union and the United 2000s, China’s export diversification doubled its diversification between
States were already exporting almost saw an impressive increase, joining 2000 and 2008, and achieved another
all 5,000 product categories in the the European Union and the United 25 per cent increase between 2008
1990s and this has remained quite States as the most diversified exporters. and 2014 while many other countries’
stable over the timeframe shown. The China’s accession to the WTO in export diversification contracted.
range of exports is also stable for 2001 was probably a crucial factor in

218
Figure 2: Product diversification of selected countries over time
IV SPECIAL TOPIC
Product diversification during the economic downturn
Product diversification in many is a decline in product diversification Viet Nam, which dramatically increased
countries stalled and even became after 2008. The number of categories its diversification over the whole
negative in 2009 following the financial exported by China, the European period. As export growth resumed,
crisis whereas such a trend had been Union and the United States were 8 product diversification reached
the exception from 1996 to 2007. In 19 per cent less in 2010 than the peak once again the pre-crisis level.
of the 20 most diversified traders, there year of 2007. The only exception is

219
Long-term trends
To identify long-term trends in product or decrease in export diversification variation in product diversification
diversification, a clustering analysis over time. Four groups (clusters) can over time. Group C countries have
has been used to examine the number be identified in terms of similar trends. experienced a moderate expansion in
of product categories exported by the scope of their exports. Although
individual countries. For this analysis, Group A consists of 20 countries, the growth is not striking and has
an annual product diversification score which are mostly small or island relatively large variations, the upward
(measured in terms of the number economy countries. The number of trend is clear. Most of the countries in
of product categories exported) was product categories exported by these Group C are developing economies.
divided by the overall number of product countries is limited. There are large Group D includes 23 countries,
categories from 1996 to 2014. A flat annual fluctuations in this group, with which have experienced a significant
trend would show as a line of about a slightly declining trend overall. Group increase in export varieties. Among
0.05 (1 over 19) on the vertical axis. B includes major exporters, including them are 11 LDCs, five Arab countries,
Comparing the start and end points most G20 countries. The number of four Eastern European countries,
for the groups of countries provides product categories exported remains Ghana, Nicaragua and Viet Nam.
an indication of the relative increase relatively stable although there is some
Figure 3: Long-term trends in product diversification: exporter clusters

220
Group A: diversification European Union Cabo Verde Senegal
declined Guinea Cameroon Seychelles
Bahamas Guyana Colombia Solomon Islands
Barbados Hong Kong, China Congo Sri Lanka
Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Democratic Republic of Suriname
Comoros Israel the Congo Thailand
Côte d'Ivoire Japan Djibouti The former Yugoslav
Cuba Korea, Republic of Dominican Republic Republic of Macedonia
Fiji Kyrgyz Republic Ecuador The Gambia
Grenada Liberia Egypt Tunisia
Guinea-Bissau Malawi El Salvador Turkey
Haiti Mali Gabon Vanuatu
Jamaica Mexico Georgia Yemen
Macao, China Mongolia Guatemala Zambia
Maldives Nepal Honduras Group D: diversification
Saint Lucia New Zealand Iceland increased significantly
Saint Vincent and the Norway India Afghanistan
Grenadines Panama Iran Albania
Sao Tome and Principe Philippines Kazakhstan Angola
Tajikistan Russian Federation Kenya Armenia
Trinidad and Tobago Sierra Leone Kuwait, the State of Bangladesh
Venezuela, Bolivarian Singapore Libya Bhutan
Republic of South Africa Madagascar Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zimbabwe Switzerland Malaysia Cambodia
Group B: diversification Syrian Arab Republic Mauritania Equatorial Guinea
did not change Togo Mauritius Ethiopia
Algeria Tonga Moldova, Republic of Ghana
Antigua and Barbuda Ukraine Morocco Iraq
Argentina United States of America Myanmar Jordan
Australia Uruguay Niger Lao People's Democratic
Belize Uzbekistan Nigeria Republic
Brazil Group C: diversification Oman Lebanese Republic
Burkina Faso increased moderately Pakistan Mozambique
Canada Azerbaijan Papua New Guinea Nicaragua
Central African Republic Bahrain, Kingdom of Paraguay Qatar
Chile Belarus Peru Serbia
China Benin Rwanda Tanzania
Chinese Taipei Bolivia, Plurinational Saint Kitts and Nevis Uganda
Costa Rica State of Samoa United Arab Emirates
Dominica Burundi Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Viet Nam
IV SPECIAL TOPIC
Stability of product categories over time
Another way of analysing product exporting certain categories, or it could these countries have been exporting
diversification over time is to look at be the result of significant increases a very broad product spectrum
the stability of the number of product in product diversification over time. To throughout the reference period.
categories across years. A stability identify the latter cases, it is necessary India and Turkey quickly expanded
index can be calculated by comparing to look at the ratio of unique product their export diversity in the 1996-
the number of categories traded categories to the categories traded in 2008 time-frame and stabilized their
continuously, i.e. every single year, over the last year of the reference period. product coverage after this. Most
a certain period with the number of striking in terms of diversification
individual product categories traded at The stability indexes for selected are Viet Nam and Cambodia as
any time over the reference period. The countries are illustrated in Figure 4. developing countries as well as Serbia
larger this ratio, the more persistent Not surprisingly, the major developed and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
and established an exporter is in its economies and Switzerland come
export markets. Low ratios can indicate out on top as very well established
either erratic trading behaviour, in and diversified traders, along with
that a country moves in and out of China, Korea and Chinese Taipei. All

221
Figure 4: Stability of product diversification
3. Product diversification in various product groups

This section looks at product shown in Figure 5, which displays can vary significantly. For example,
diversification at a more disaggregated countries by income groups (high, most oil producers in the high-income
level. Since the number of product upper-middle, lower-middle and group have a very low level of export
categories varies within various HS low) and by total export values. diversification (even in Chapter 29,
chapters, the ratio of the number of where crude oil is classified). This
categories exported to the total number The chart reveals that higher-income implies that their exports are highly
of categories listed in that chapter countries, in general, have more concentrated in a very small number of
has been calculated. This provides diversified export structures than categories, accounting for a very small
an indicator of export diversification lower-income counties. However, within portion of subheadings in that chapter.
for each HS chapter. The results are groups, the extent of diversification

222
Figure 5: Product diversification at the HS chapter level
HS subheading coverage ratio by HS chapters for all countries grouped by income levels
IV SPECIAL TOPIC
Note: The colour scale on the right shows the coverage ratio for HS subheadings. 1.0 means that all HS subheadings in an HS chapter have been traded.
Countries/territories are ranked by decreasing product diversity in each group.

223
Many countries in the middle-income relatively high export diversity for many products, fish and textiles. For China,
groups (upper and lower-middle) have countries. These chapters normally clothing and electrical machinery have
very diversified exports. In particular, a contain a limited number of product been the strongest sectors. Other
number of large developing economies, categories, and list natural resources industrial sectors picked up quickly
such as Brazil, China, India and Mexico, or non-manufactured goods, such as after China’s accession to the WTO in
already have an export structure similar Chapter 78 (lead and articles thereof) 2001. A clear increase in the range of
to traditional industrialized economies. and Chapter 97 (artwork antiques). China’s agriculture products has been
The export diversification of low- It is also interesting to examine the seen in recent years. Viet Nam has
income countries, however, is very low. evolution of certain countries in recorded a strong expansion in product
From a sector perspective, many specific product categories. Figure 6 diversification in the past decade in
developing countries have strong shows how the numbers of product most categories. This trend has been
diversification in chapters 61, 62 and categories under each Multilateral most apparent in clothing, footwear
64 (covering clothing and footwear) Trade Negotiations (MTN) category and electronics in recent years. As
in line with their strong performance (see Annex 1) change over years for an LDC, Cambodia is still at the initial
in terms of export values in these the United States, China, Viet Nam stage of diversification for most product
sectors. Many countries in middle and Cambodia. The number of product categories, but it has made good
and low-income groups also perform categories exported by the United progress in the clothing sector. There
better in the agricultural sector than in States remained generally stable across are also improvements in the footwear
industrial sectors, such as chemicals the 19-year time period although there sector and in some agricultural sectors.
and machinery. Some chapters have was a slight decrease in agricultural
Figure 6: Changes in product coverage ratio over time

by MTN categories for selected countries
Note: The colour scale on the right shows the coverage ratio for HS subheadings. 1.0 means that all HS subheadings in an HS chapter have been traded.
Countries/territories are ranked by decreasing product diversity in each group.

224
III. Other diversification indicators
This section builds on the analysis of product diversification by looking into other areas of diversification, such as trading
partner diversification and diversification over time. It could be argued that trading the same number of product categories
with more trading partners reflects a stronger global presence in world markets, which in turn can be an indicator of bigger
market shares. Furthermore, stable exports over time indicate continuity and a stronger presence in global markets.
1. Geographical diversification
The technological capabilities of export diversification indicator is to Taking into account the geographical
a country can be assessed by its simply multiply the number of traded diversification, a clustering exercise
product diversification vis-à-vis the product categories with the number based on this new indicator has been
world market, as measured in the of countries (markets) that a given undertaken. As was the case for
previous section by the diversity of country trades with in a given year: Figure 3, the indicator is normalized
its exports to the 18 major importers. by dividing each annual value by
However, exporting the same products HSDivm,j = i =1NHSNm,j,i the cumulated 19-year period sum.
to more than one market not only Figure 7 shows how this indicator
shows technological strength but HSDivm,j : HS product diversification affects the country groupings.
also global “recognition”. At the index for country m in year j
same time, not being dependent on NHSj : number of HS product
one export market is important. categories exported in year j
Nm,j,i : number of markets that
A simple way of introducing the country m exported to in year
geographical dimension into the j under HS subheading i
Figure 7: Clustering countries by product and

geographical diversification over time
IV SPECIAL TOPIC

225
A: Diversification Hong Kong, China Burundi Peru
declined Iran Cabo Verde Philippines
Bahamas Israel Cameroon Rwanda
Barbados Japan Central African Republic Saint Kitts and Nevis
Brunei Darussalam Kazakhstan China Samoa
Cuba Korea, Republic of Colombia Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
Fiji Kyrgyz Republic Congo Senegal
Grenada Libya Costa Rica Seychelles
Guinea-Bissau Malawi Democratic Republic of Sierra Leone
Haiti Mali the Congo Sri Lanka
Jamaica Mauritania Djibouti Suriname
Macao, China Mongolia Dominican Republic Tanzania
Maldives Nepal Ecuador Thailand
Saint Lucia New Zealand Egypt The former Yugoslav
Saint Vincent and the Niger El Salvador Republic of Macedonia
Grenadines Norway Equatorial Guinea Tunisia
Sao Tome and Principe Panama Gabon Uganda
Tajikistan Russian Federation Georgia Vanuatu
The Gambia Singapore Ghana Zambia
Venezuela, Bolivarian Solomon Islands Guatemala D: Diversification
Republic of South Africa Honduras increased significantly
Zimbabwe Switzerland Iceland Albania
B: Diversification Syrian Arab Republic Indonesia Angola
did not change Chinese Taipei Jordan Armenia
Algeria Togo Kenya Bangladesh
Antigua and Barbuda Tonga Kuwait, the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Argentina Trinidad and Tobago Lebanese Republic Cambodia
Australia Ukraine Liberia Ethiopia
Azerbaijan United States of Madagascar India
Belarus America Malaysia Iraq
Belize Uruguay Mauritius Lao People's
Brazil Uzbekistan Mexico Democratic Republic
Burkina Faso Yemen Moldova, Republic of Mozambique
Canada C: Diversification Morocco Qatar
Chile increased moderately Myanmar Serbia
Comoros Afghanistan Nicaragua Turkey
Côte d'Ivoire Bahrain, Kingdom of Nigeria United Arab Emirates
Dominica Benin Oman Viet Nam
European Union Bhutan Pakistan
Guinea Bolivia, Plurinational Papua New Guinea
Guyana State of Paraguay

226
As shown in the table, adding the extensive diversification of product partners per product category) closely
numbers of export markets has categories have expanded at the same followed by China (with eight) and
changed the groupings. For certain time their geographical coverage. the United States (with eight), clearly
countries, downward trends in terms distancing themselves from all other
of numbers of product categories Another way to look at the geographical economies. While the partner ratios for
traded have changed to upward trends or market diversification is to calculate the United States and the European
for the number of trading partners, the average number of trading partner Union remained relatively stable over
while for others the opposite is per product category, which could time, China doubled its partner ratio
true. For example, India and Turkey provide more easily understandable over the same period. Cambodia and
switched from the moderate increase figures. Figure 8 shows the results. Viet Nam are noteworthy in that they
category to the significant increase The European Union stands out have more than doubled their partner
category. This indicates that the as the most geographically diverse ratio to 3.6 and 4.1 respectively.
two countries which already had an economy (with an average of ten trading
Figure 8: Annual average number of trading partners per product category
IV SPECIAL TOPIC

227
2. Historical performance
Another important factor is how regularly in the 19-year period. For the consistently for selected countries. For
many years a country has exported second group, mostly small traders, the countries such as the United States
individual product categories. When the number of traded product categories and Canada, about half of their product
distribution of all product categories tends to be volatile, with the majority categories have export flows for all 19
is examined in terms of the number of of products exported for only one or years, while for some other countries,
years these products have been traded, two years and with very few products such as Kazakhstan or Nigeria, only
there are two clear patterns. The first exported across the full period. about 3 per cent of their product
group includes big traders which have categories have exports for all 19 years.
relatively stable product coverage over Figure 9 shows the percentage
the years, with most products exported of product categories exported
Figure 9: Percentage of product categories exported consistently

over a number of years for selected countries
(darker colour represents higher percentage; see legend on the right)
3. Product diversification index

y NHSJ
A product diversification index can be HSDivm,y = ln ( � j =y−3 � i = 1 =Nm,j,i ) Figure 2, but there are differences as
constructed by taking into account the index also reflects geographical
three factors: (1) the number of product HSDivm,y : HS product diversification and historical factors regarding
categories covered by a country’s index for country m in year y diversification. For example, the number
exports, (2) the range of markets, and NHSj : number of HS subheadings of product categories exported by India
(3) the historical performance. For the exported in year j and Turkey has remained static since
latter two factors, a time span of three Nmj,i : number of markets 2006 (see Figure 2), following rapid
years has been used. In other words, the country m exported to in year growth in the earlier years of the time
index for a specific year would be the j under HS subheading i period. However, diversification in terms
number of product categories adjusted of market coverage has strengthened
by geographical diversity and historical Figure 10 shows the index of selected (see Figure 8). This has been captured
performance over the past three years. countries in 1998-2014 and Annex 2 in the diversification index as reflected
A natural logarithm transformation presents the index for all countries in in Figure 10, with regular upward
is used to scale down the range. the study. It is not surprising that the trajectories for most developing
patterns in Figure 10 look similar to countries as they established
the product diversification shown in themselves at the global level.

228
Figure 10: Product diversification index for selected countries over time
IV SPECIAL TOPIC
As discussed earlier, there is a clear a larger volume of trade. The trend of their exports. However, their export
positive relationship between product remains the same for the time-frame diversification has not changed
diversification and the size of the of 1998 to 2014, with the largest significantly during the 15 year time-
economy. This can be verified with the economies and traders featuring frame for many of them. The significant
product diversification index. Figure 11 at the top of the upward trajectory, increases occurred for the group of
shows a strong correlation between indicating a strong correlation countries in the middle of the chart,
product diversification and GDP. The between export diversification which are mostly middle-income
trend is also correlated with the volume and size of economy/trade. developing countries. The developed
of trade, as a greater number of large countries in the upper right quarter
bubbles (signifying large traders) are The countries with a small range of of the chart have maintained an
found in the upper right quadrant. It exports have more scope to diversify. upward trend for export diversification,
is evident that larger economies tend Therefore, in theory, it should be but at a very moderate pace.
to have more diversified exports and easier for them to expand the range

229
Figure 11: Correlation between product diversification,
size of economy and trade

230
IV. Conclusions
Diversification of exports as a means technological and productive capacity such as Bangladesh, Cambodia and
of obtaining bigger market shares of a country based on the breadth of Lao People’s Democratic Republic
is an important policy objective its participation in the world market. have achieved significant increases,
for many countries. This study has This study finds that export diversity both in terms of product coverage
provided an overview of export has increased in general over the past and in market reach. The variety of
diversification for various countries 20 years but in a very uneven way exports from developed countries
over a relatively long time period of across countries. Many middle-sized has not changed significantly due to
almost two decades. The product developing countries have witnessed the maturity of their export structure.
diversification index - constructed on rapid growth in terms of diversification. On the other hand, most small sized
the basis of product coverage, market This is particularly the case for some developing countries, including
reach and historical performance - emerging countries, such as China LDCs, still have a very narrow
can be used as an indicator of the and India. Likewise, some Asian LDCs range of export diversification.
References
R. Hausmann, C.A. Hidalgo, “The network structure of economic output”, Journal of Economic Growth, 16 (2011) 309-342.
V. Markhonko, “Asymmetries in official international trade statistics and analysis of globalization”, Discussion paper
of International Conference on the Measurement of International Trade and Economic Globalization (2014).
Annex 1: Multilateral trade negotiations

(MTN) product categories
N° Categories 08 Beverages and tobacco 16 Textiles
01 Animal products 09 Cotton 17 Clothing
02 Dairy products 10 Other agricultural products 18 Leather, footwear, etc
03 Fruits, vegetables, plants 11 Fish and fish products 19 Non-electrical machinery
04 Coffee, tea 12 Minerals and metals 20 Electrical machinery
IV SPECIAL TOPIC
05 Cereals and preparations 13 Petroleum 21 Transport equipment
06 Oilseeds, fats and oils 14 Chemicals 22 Manufactures n.e.s.
07 Sugars and confectionery 15 Wood, paper, etc
For a detailed HS-based definition of these categories please see the technical notes of the country/territory profiles.

231
Annex 2: HS product diversification index
Code Country Name 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
AFG Afghanistan 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 5 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4
ALB Albania 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7 7 7.1 7.2 7.2
DZA Algeria 6 6.1 6 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.4
AGO Angola 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5 5 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.8
Antigua and
ATG 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.7 4 4 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.7 4 3.5
Barbuda
ARG Argentina 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.9 9 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.1 9.1
ARM Armenia 4.8 4.8 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.1 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4
AUS Australia 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9
AZE Azerbaijan 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3
BHS Bahamas 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.4
Bahrain,
BHR 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 7 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2
Kingdom of
BGD Bangladesh 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.9 8 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.7
BRB Barbados 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.1 4.9 5 5.1 5 5.1 5 5 5 5 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1
BLR Belarus 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.8
BLZ Belize 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.1 5 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.2 5 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.5
BEN Benin 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.7 5 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1
BTN Bhutan 3 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.6 4 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.2
BOL Bolivia 6.1 6 6.2 6.1 6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8
Bosnia and
BIH 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.8 7 7 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.9 8 8.1
Herzegovina
BWA Botswana 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5
BRA Brazil 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 10 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.1
Brunei
BRN 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1 5 5.1 5 4.9 5 5 5 5.1
Darussalam
BFA Burkina Faso 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.9
BDI Burundi 3.1 3 3 3 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.8 4 3.7
CPV Cabo Verde 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5
KHM Cambodia 6 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.2
CMR Cameroon 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 6 6 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4
CAN Canada 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.6
Central African
CAF 3.8 3.8 3.9 4 4 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.3
Republic
TCD Chad 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.1 4 3.9 4.2 4.3
CHL Chile 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9
CHN China 10.9 11 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9
COL Colombia 7.9 7.9 8 8 8 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6
COM Comoros 3 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.5
COG Congo 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8
CRI Costa Rica 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 8 8
CIV Côte d'Ivoire 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6
CUB Cuba 5.9 6 5.9 5.9 5.9 6 6.1 6 6 6 6 5.9 5.9 6 6 6.1 6.1
Democratic
COD Republic of 5.1 4.9 5 4.9 4.9 5 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7
the Congo
DJI Djibouti 3.4 3.3 3.1 3 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.9 4 4.2 3.9 4 4 4.2 4.1

232
DMA Dominica 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.2 3.9 4 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4
Dominican
DOM 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
Republic
ECU Ecuador 7 7 7.1 7 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.6
EGY Egypt 8.1 8 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.9
SLV El Salvador 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 7 6.9 7 7 7 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.2
Equatorial
GNQ 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.8
Guinea
ETH Ethiopia 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.9 6 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.6
European
EU 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.8 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9
Union (27)
FJI Fiji 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2
GAB Gabon 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7
GEO Georgia 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.9 6 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.6
GHA Ghana 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 7 7
GRD Grenada 4 4.1 4 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.3 3 3.2 3.4 3 3.5 3.6
GTM Guatemala 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7
GIN Guinea 4.9 5 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5 5.1
GNB Guinea-Bissau 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.4 3.3 3.6 3 3.2 3 2.9 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.3
GUY Guyana 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4
HTI Haiti 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9
HND Honduras 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 7 7 7 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.4
Hong Kong,
HKG 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10 10 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1
China
ISL Iceland 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 7 7 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3
IND India 9.9 9.9 10 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.9 10.9
IDN Indonesia 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 10 10 10 10 10 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2
IV SPECIAL TOPIC
IRN Iran 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.7
IRQ Iraq 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.1 5 5 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6
ISR Israel 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.8
JAM Jamaica 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2
JPN Japan 11.1 11.1 11.1 11 11 11 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.1 11.1
JOR Jordan 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.9 7 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.7
KAZ Kazakhstan 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.5 7 7 7.4 7.6 7.8
KEN Kenya 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 7 7 7 7 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.3
Korea,
KOR 10.5 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.9 11 11 11
Republic of
Kuwait, the
KWT 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.9 7 7 7
State of
Kyrgyz
KGZ 5.9 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.9 6 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.8 5.7
Republic
Lao People's
LAO Democratic 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.5
Republic
Lebanese
LBN 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 7 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7
Republic
LSO Lesotho 3.4 4.3 4.8 4.9 4.9 5 5 5.1 5.1 5 5.2 5.2 5.2 5 5.1
Liberia,
LBR 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.2 5
Republic of

233
LBY Libya 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.9
MAC Macao, China 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.5
MDG Madagascar 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 7 7 7.1 7.2
MWI Malawi 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.6
MYS Malaysia 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 10 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3
MDV Maldives 4.1 4.3 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.1 4 4.1 4.2 4.1 4 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.5
MLI Mali 4.8 4.7 4.9 5 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.1 5 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9
MRT Mauritania 4.9 5.1 5.1 5 5 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5 5 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.5
MUS Mauritius 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 7 7 7.1 7 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3
MEX Mexico 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.9 10 10 10 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3
Moldova,
MDA 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 7 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5
Republic of
MNG Mongolia 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.2 6 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.8
MNE Montenegro 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5
MAR Morocco 7.9 8 8 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.8
MOZ Mozambique 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 5.9 6 6 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4
MMR Myanmar 6.6 6.7 6.9 7 7 7 6.9 6.9 6.9 7 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.5
NAM Namibia 4.5 5 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 6 5.9
NPL Nepal 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 7 6.9 6.9 7 6.8 6.9 6.9
NZL New Zealand 9 9 9 9 9 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3
NIC Nicaragua 5.8 5.8 5.9 6 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8
NER Niger 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.9 4 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.8 4 4 4.2 4.2
NGA Nigeria 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 7 6.9 6.9
NOR Norway 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6
OMN Oman 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.3
PAK Pakistan 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 9 9 9
PAN Panama 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.8
Papua New
PNG 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 6 6 6 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1
Guinea
PRY Paraguay 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 7 6.9 7 7
PER Peru 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 8 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.6
PHL Philippines 9 9 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
QAT Qatar 5.9 6 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.7 7 7 7 7
Russian
RUS 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4
Federation
RWA Rwanda 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 4 3.9 4 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6
Saint Kitts
KNA 4.1 4.1 4.1 4 4 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5
and Nevis
LCA Saint Lucia 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4 4 3.9 4 4 4.1 3.9
Saint Vincent
VCT and the 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5
Grenadines
WSM Samoa 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.9
Sao Tome and
STP 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.4 1.9 2.2
Principe
Saudi Arabia,
SAU 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 8 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.3 8.4
Kingdom of

234
SEN Senegal 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.9 6 6 5.9 6 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.3
SRB Serbia 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.8 8 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7
SYC Seychelles 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.9 5
SLE Sierra Leone 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5 5.1 5 5
SGP Singapore 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 10 10 10 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2
Solomon
SLB 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.1 4 4 4 4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.7
Islands
ZAF South Africa 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
LKA Sri Lanka 8 8 8 8 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7
SDN Sudan 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.8
SUR Suriname 5 5 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.8 5 5 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.7
SWZ Swaziland 1.1 1.1 4.8 5.3 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9
CHE Switzerland 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6
Syrian Arab
SYR 6.9 7 7 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.5 7 6.5
Republic
CHT Chinese Taipei 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.8 10.9 10.9 11 11 11
TJK Tajikistan 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1
TZA Tanzania 6 6 6 6.1 6 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8
THA Thailand 9.8 9.9 9.9 10 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.6 10.6
The former
Yugoslav
MKD 7.2 7.2 7.1 7 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.7
Republic of
Macedonia
GMB The Gambia 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 4 3.6 3.6 3.8 4 3.8 4.1 4 4.1 4.1 4.2
TGO Togo 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5 5 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.4
TON Tonga 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.6
Trinidad and
TTO 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3
Tobago
IV SPECIAL TOPIC
TUN Tunisia 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.9 8 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7
TUR Turkey 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.8 9.8 9.9 10 10 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.4
UGA Uganda 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 6
UKR Ukraine 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.9 9 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3
United Arab
ARE 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.9 9 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4
Emirates
United States
USA 11.6 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.6 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6
of America
URY Uruguay 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.9 8 7.9 7.9 8 7.9 7.9 7.9
UZB Uzbekistan 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 7 7 7 7 6.9
VUT Vanuatu 3.8 3.9 4 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.4
Venezuela,
VEN Bolivarian 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.1 7 6.8 6.7 6.6
Republic of
VNM Viet Nam 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 10 10.1 10.2
YEM Yemen 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 6 6 6 5.8 5.6 5.9 6 6 6 5.9
ZMB Zambia 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 6 6 6.1 6.2
ZWE Zimbabwe 7.1 7.1 7.1 7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5

235
V. Annexes
236
A. Data sources 238
B. Frequently asked questions 243
237
A. Data sources
The data was pooled from the three For Part B in the tariff profiles all the product codes of the MFN tariffs
organizations1 respective databases, i.e. notified trade agreements with available of the country; or (3) the agreement
WTO’s Consolidated Tariff Schedules data were included in the calculation entered into force after the country
database (CTS) and Integrated Data of the preference margin and duty-free was uploaded in the Market Access
Base (IDB), ITC’s MAcMap and access. Some trade agreements that Map database (in such cases the
TradeMap databases and UNCTAD’s are currently in force have not been agreements will be included in the
TRAINS database. The objective was included for one or more of the following subsequent update of the database).
to use for each country or customs reasons: (1) the agreement – or the
For more detailed information on the
territory the latest available information. supplementary information to it –
full contents of each of the respective
For the summary tables and Part A of was not accessible (or the document
databases, the reader is referred to the
the tariff profiles, only applied tariffs was unworkable) at the time of the
respective websites and/or documents:
for the years 2016 or 2015 and imports publication; (2) the data presented
for 2015 or 2014 were retained. The some problems such as: missing
cut-off date for inclusion of new data product codes, the products codes of
in the publication was 31 May 2017. the agreement did not correspond to
ITC MAcMap www.macmap.org

ITC TradeMap www.trademap.org
www.unctad.org/trains
UNCTAD TRAINS
wits.worldbank.org
UN COMTRADE comtrade.un.org
WTO CTS tdf.wto.org or tao.wto.org
WTO IDB tdf.wto.org or tao.wto.org
For information on RTAs notified to the WTO see also the following website: http://rtais.wto.org

238
Table A1. Data availability
Tariffs Imports (Latest year; 2015 or 2014)2

MFN applied and
Country or customs territory preferences (latest Tariff Line Data HS 6-digit
Bound year; 2016 or 2015)2
WTO ITC WTO ITC COMTRADE
Afghanistan X
Albania X 2016 2016 2015
Algeria 2016 2016 2015
Angola X 2015 2016 2015
Antigua and Barbuda X 2016 2014 2015
Argentina X 2016 2016 2015
Armenia X 2016 2015
Australia X 2016 2016 2015
Azerbaijan 2015 2015
Bahamas 2016 2015
Bahrain X 2016 2015
Bangladesh X 2016 2015
Barbados X
Belarus 2016 2015
Belize X 2016 2016 2015
Benin X 2016 2016 2015
Bhutan 2015
Bolivia X 2016 2016 2015 2015
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2016 2015
Botswana X 2016 2016 2015
Brazil X 2016 2016 2015
Brunei Darussalam X 2016 2016 2015
Burkina Faso X 2016 2016 2015
Burundi X 2016 2016 2015 2015
Cape Verde X 2015 2015 2015
Cambodia X 2016 2016 2015
Cameroon X
Canada X 2016 2016 2015
Central African Republic X 2016 2015
Chad X 2016
Chile X 2016 2016 2015
China X 2015 2016 2015
Colombia X 2016 2016 2015
Comoros 2015
V ANNEXES
Congo X 2015 2014

Cook Islands 2016
Costa Rica X 2016 2016 2015
Côte d'Ivoire X 2016 2016 2014 2015
Cuba X 2016 2016 2014
Democratic Republic of the Congo X 2015 2015
Djibouti X
Dominica X 2015 2016
Dominican Republic X 2016 2016 2015 2015

239

MFN applied and
Ecuador X 2016 2015
Egypt X 2016 2016 2015
El Salvador X 2015 2015 2014 2015
Ethiopia 2015 2015
European Union X 2016 2016 2015
Fiji X 2015 2015 2015
Gabon X 2016
The Gambia X
Georgia X 2016 2016 2015
Ghana X 2016
Grenada X 2016
Guatemala X 2015 2014 2015
Guinea X
Guinea-Bissau X
Guyana X 2016 2015
Haiti X 2016 2016 2014
Honduras X 2015 2015
Hong Kong, China X 2016 2016 2015
Iceland X 2016 2016 2015
India X 2016 2016 2015
Indonesia X 2016 2016 2015
Israel X 2016 2016 2015
Jamaica X 2016 2016 2015
Japan X 2016 2016 2015
Jordan X 2016 2016 2015 2015
Kazakhstan X 2016 2016 2015
Kenya X 2016 2016 2014
Korea, Republic of X 2016 2016 2015
Kuwait X 2016 2015
Kyrgyz Republic X 2016 2014 2015
Lao People's Democratic Republic X 2016
Lebanon 2016 2014
Lesotho X 2016 2016 2014
Liberia X
Macao, China X 2016 2016 2015
Madagascar X 2016 2016 2015
Malawi X 2015 2016 2015
Malaysia X 2016 2016 2015
Maldives X
Mali X 2016 2016
Mauritania X 2015 2014
Mauritius X 2016 2016 2015
Mexico X 2016 2016 2015

240

MFN applied and
Moldova X 2016 2016 2015
Mongolia X 2016 2016 2015
Montenegro X 2016 2016 2015
Morocco X 2016 2016 2015
Mozambique X 2016 2016 2014 2015
Myanmar X 2015
Namibia X 2016 2016 2014 2015
Nauru 2016
Nepal X 2016 2016 2015
New Zealand X 2016 2016 2015
Nicaragua X 2016 2016 2015 2015
Niger X 2016 2016 2015
Nigeria X 2016 2014
Norway X 2016 2016 2015
Oman X 2016 2015
Pakistan X 2016 2016 2015
Palau 2016 2015
Panama X 2015 2015 2015
Papua New Guinea X
Paraguay X 2016 2016 2014 2015
Peru X 2015 2015
Philippines X 2016 2016 2015
Qatar X 2016 2016 2014 2015
Russian Federation X 2016 2016 2015
Rwanda X 2016 2016 2015
Saint Kitts and Nevis X 2016
Saint Lucia X 2015 2016 2014
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines X 2016 2015
Samoa X 2016 2014 2015
Sao Tome and Principe 2016 2015
Saudi Arabia X 2015 2015 2014 2015
Senegal X 2016 2016 2015
Serbia 2016 2015
Seychelles X 2016 2016 2015
V ANNEXES
Sierra Leone X
Singapore X 2016 2016 2015
Solomon Islands X 2016 2015
South Africa X 2016 2016 2015
Sri Lanka X 2015 2015 2015 2015
Suriname X
Swaziland X 2016 2016 2015
Switzerland X 2016 2016 2015
Chinese Taipei X 2016 2016 2015

241

MFN applied and
Tajikistan X 2016
Tanzania X 2016 2016 2015
Thailand X 2015 2015 2014 2015
The former Yugoslav Republic of X 2016 2016 2015
Timor-Leste 2016
Togo X 2016 2016 2015
Tonga X 2016 2016 2015
Trinidad and Tobago X
Tunisia X 2016 2016 2015
Turkey X 2015 2016 2015
Uganda X 2016 2016 2015
Ukraine X 2016 2016 2015
United Arab Emirates X 2015 2016 2015
United States X 2016 2016 2015
Uruguay X 2016 2015
Uzbekistan 2015
Vanuatu X 2016
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of X 2015 2016
Viet Nam X 2016 2016 2015
Yemen X 2016 2016 2015
Zambia X 2016 2016 2015
Zimbabwe X 2016 2016 2015
2. For some countries, the data for a country period shown in the table could not be used because the data was incomplete,
inconsistent and in the case of trade statistics, without corresponding tariff data.

242
B. Frequently asked questions
How do you choose the countries to include in the publication?
In each issue, we include all WTO members and some countries or territories for which there is available data for applied tariffs for
the reference years. Non-WTO members included in the publication can vary from issue to issue depending on the availability of
data on applied tariffs for the reference years. WTO members are always included.
Why is there no applied MFN tariff for some WTO members?

Unlike data on bound tariffs which are sourced from legal documents at the WTO, applied tariffs are based on notification of the
member to the WTO or from the tariff database of either the ITC or UNCTAD, the two other institutions collaborating with the WTO
on this publication. For each issue of the WTP, we use two reference years for the applied MFN tariff, usually the most recent two
years. For example, in the WTP 2017 issue, the data on applied tariffs used are for 2016 and if these are not available, we use
2015. If neither of those years is available from any of the tariff database of the three institutions, the statistics referring to applied
tariffs are left blank.
Why is there no statistic on binding coverage for AG products?

During the Uruguay Round of tariff negotiations all members were supposed to have bound all their tariff lines for agricultural
products, hence binding coverage for AG is assumed to be 100%.
How do you calculate the tariff average when there are non-ad valorem
tariffs?
Whenever there is a non-ad valorem duty in a certain country schedule, it is converted to its ad valorem equivalent (AVE) to the
extent possible. For the methodology used in calculating the AVE, please refer to Technical Annex B of World Tariff Profiles 2006.
As a caveat though, some non-ad valorem duties are too complex and the calculation of the AVE requires additional data not readily
available (e.g. duty expressed as “9 + EA max 18.7 + AD S/Z”). In such cases, the duty is not included in the calculation of the
tariff indicators.
Why is the applied tariff average higher than the bound tariff average?
(Related to this is the case when the maximum applied tariff is higher than the maximum
bound tariff.)
When the bound tariff is lower than the applied tariff, it implies a binding violation. However, this is not always true. The following
cases show why even if the calculated applied statistics are higher than the corresponding bound statistics, it is possible that there
was no binding violation.
• The binding coverage might be less than 100% and the applied duties for unbound products may be high thus affecting the
average and the maximum duty. Please note that the bound tariff average is based only on tariff lines that are bound. The
applied duty average is based on the full tariff schedule following a certain Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature version.
Some WTO members who acceded during the Uruguay Round had not fully bound their entire tariff schedule.
• The WTO member has only recently acceded and the concessions are still not fully implemented. As the bound duty statistics
presented in the WTP refer to the final bound duty at the end of the implementation period, the applied duties could still be
higher than the bound duties.
• The bound and applied tariff schedules are in different HS versions. For each WTO member, the publication uses the approved
or certified bound tariff data in the most recent HS version. For example, a member who joined during the Uruguay Round
has its original bound tariff schedule in HS 1992. On the other hand, applied tariff is in the HS version used by the member
V ANNEXES
which in practice is usually the most current version of the HS (say, HS 2012). In order for the bound tariff information to be
more aligned with the applied tariffs, the schedule of concessions is regularly transposed or adapted to newer HS versions.
However, all the other members have to agree to the new schedule in a different HS version to ensure that no change in the
concessions happened during the transposition. This process of certifying a schedule in a more recent HS version often takes
a long time. Hence, it is more often the case that the bound tariff schedule is in an older version of the HS compared to the one
used for the applied tariff. The difference in HS versions is not expected to have changed any of the member’s commitments
but might have affected the aggregate statistics due to the differences in HS subheading breakdown between versions.
• The national tariff line breakdown might be different between the bound and applied tariff schedules even within the same HS
version, which could have affected the calculated averages. In the simple example below, the applied tariff schedule was more
detailed than that for bound tariff thus having an average higher than the bound tariff even if there’s no binding violation.

243
Bound and applied Tariffs for HS 2012 subheading 0810.90
(Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, fresh or dried)
Bound Tariff Applied Tariff
Code Description Duty (%) Code Description Duty (%)

0810.90.11 Mangoes, fresh 10
0810.90.10 Mangoes 10
0810.90.19 Mangoes, dried 9
0810.90.90 Guavas and mangosteens 5 0810.90.90 Guavas and mangosteens 5
Average 7.5 Average 8
• The ad valorem equivalents (AVE) may affect the comparison between bound and applied duties when the changes in
nomenclature have resulted in the use of different unit values. Please refer to Technical Annex B of World Tariff Profiles 2006
for the methodology on the AVE calculation.
• For some WTO members who have commitments on Other Duties and Charges (ODCs), the data available on applied tariffs
may include the ODCs, and it is not possible to separate the ODC from the import duty.
Why is my calculation for simple tariff average of a country different from

the one in the World Tariff Profiles?
• If there are non-ad valorem duties, the calculation of AVEs for the WTP might be different from the calculated AVEs from other
sources.
• The WTP uses two-stage averaging. First, the average of all national tariff lines within the same HS six-digit subheading is
calculated and then the mean of all HS subheading averages is taken. This is to minimize the variability caused by the different
national tariff line breakdowns within the subheading. All reporters using the same HS version would have the same number of
subheading (i.e., second stage) averages from which the country average or sectorial or product group average is calculated.
My country did not change its applied tariff rates from that of the previous
year but why did the average change?
• If there are non-ad valorem duties, the calculated AVEs could have changed because new reference years for imports are
used every issue.
• Even without non-ad valorem duties in a tariff schedule, it’s possible that the breakdown changed for some reasons but the
applied tariff rate for each product remained the same. Please see the example below on the average for HS subheading
0810.90 which changed because of the difference in the breakdown of tariff lines.
Year 1 Applied Tariff Year 2 Applied Tariff
Code Description Duty (%) Code Description Duty (%)

0810.90.11 Mangoes, fresh 10
0810.90.10 Mangoes 10
0810.90.19 Mangoes, dried 10
0810.90.90 Guavas and mangosteens 5 0810.90.90 Guavas and mangosteens 5
Average 7.5 Average 8.3
Why are there maximum values that are italicized?

To differentiate between a maximum based on an ad valorem tariff and one based on an AVE, the value of which can vary
depending on the unit value of the product for the reference period, the maximum value based on an AVE is italicized.
Why does the same year for applied tariff appear for two consecutive WTP
issues?
For each issue of the WTP, we use two reference years for the applied MFN tariff, usually the most recent two years and select the
latest year available. There is always a one-year overlap on the reference years for consecutive issues of the WTP. For example, for
WTP 2017, the reference years for tariff are 2016 and 2015 and for WTP 2016, they are 2015 and 2014. If, during the preparation

244
for WTP 2016, the 2015 data for Country X is already available, then 2015 data is used. However, if for WTP 2017 Country X has
no available data yet for 2016 in any of the databases, the data for 2015 is re-used.
Why does the same year for applied tariff appear for two consecutive WTP
issues but with different statistics?
The answer to why the same year appears for two consecutive WTP issues is in the previous question.
The reason why the statistics differ could be the presence of non-ad valorem duties in the tariff schedule. Different reference years
on imports are used for the calculation of AVEs for each issue and hence the AVEs can change.
Another reason could be that the reporter itself revised the data previously submitted for the relevant year.
Why did the bound tariff statistics differ from the WTP issue of
the previous year?
In theory, bound tariffs do not change unless there is a renegotiation of a Member’s commitments. Hence, the most intuitive answer
would be that the Member renegotiated some or even all of its commitments during the course of the year.
However, there could be other reasons why, even if there were no changes in the commitments, some aggregate statistics changed.
One of these could be the presence of non-ad valorem duties in the bound tariff schedule. Different reference years on imports are
used for the calculation of AVEs for each issue and hence the AVEs can change.
Another reason could be the use of an approved schedule in a more recent HS version. Please refer to the question “why is the
applied tariff average higher than the bound tariff average?” for additional explanation.
My country imports mostly from partners with whom we have a free trade
agreement and imports come in duty free. Why is the calculated trade
weighted average much higher than what is expected?
The trade weighted average presented in Part A.1 of each tariff page is based on applied MFN duty weighted by total imports and
does not take into consideration non-MFN duties (mostly preferential) applied to certain trading partners. In effect, this is the trade
weighted average assuming all imports are levied the MFN rate.
In Part B, the statistics show that exports from my country to a certain

partner (i.e. imports of the partner from my country) do not enjoy
preference as reflected by the preferential margin and % duty free imports.
However, in reality our exports enjoy preferential rates in this market.
Why don’t the statistics show this?
The market access statistics calculated in Part B require complete information on non-MFN tariff regimes which each market
or importer applies to each of its import partners. However, there are non-MFN or other preferential tariff regimes which are not
officially notified to the WTO nor are these available in the other tariff databases. The statistics are based only on non-MFN tariff
regimes for each market for which we have data.
How can I get the EXCEL version of the tariff profiles and summary tables
for previous WTP issues?
At present there is no online facility yet to extract these tables. However, these can be requested from the Market Access
V ANNEXES
Intelligence Section of the WTO. Send your email request to mai@wto.org specifying which data years or WTP issues you are
interested in.

245
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements are due to all of this undertaking. Trade and tariff data by Laetitia Rinderknecht as well as to
the data providers, mostly national were sourced from either the WTO or Dzmitry Kniahin for data processing.
administrations or WTO delegations ITC databases depending on which one Dayong Yu (WTO) and Jurgen Richtering
who have made this information had the most recent tariff or trade data (WTO) wrote the technical paper for
available including through notifications for the years covered. In addition, the this edition’s special topic. Fabien
presented as a special topic. In a ITC contributed all the AVE estimates Dumesnil (UNCTAD) and Dayong Yu
number of cases, data has been made and preferential duties. Missing trade (WTO) prepared the statistical tables on
available on national websites or data for some countries were also antidumping measures, countervailing
through regional organizations. Given sourced from the UN Commodity Trade duties and safeguard actions. Thanks
the vast amount of statistical data and Statistics Database (COMTRADE). are also due to Staff of the WTO
metadata that needed to be processed, Rules Division for their comments and
The preparation of this publication
and because this information is not suggestions for the technical annexes.
was coordinated by Jürgen Richtering
available in one single organization, this
(WTO) in close collaboration with Finally, the contributions of the WTO
publication was only possible as a joint
Mondher Mimouni (ITC) and Ralf Peters Information and External Relations
effort of the WTO, ITC, and UNCTAD.
(UNCTAD). Adelina Mendoza (WTO) Division, specifically Mr. Serge Marin-
Each of the three organizations has a
and Janvier Usanase (WTO) were Pache, and WTO printing facilities for
proven track record and comparative
responsible for calculating the tariff the production and the French and
strengths in the field of tariff analysis.
indicators presented and preparing the Spanish translators in the Language
The WTO, as the repository of its final layout of the publication. Xavier Services and Documentation Division
members’ binding commitments on Pichot (ITC) was in charge of providing for rendering the publication in the
goods and also as repository for the input dataset and of calculating the WTO’s other official languages
members’ notifications in a number of AVEs. At the ITC, thanks are also due are also hereby acknowledged.
trade policy areas, has been at the core to the data collection team coordinated

246
ISBN 978-92-870-4163-0 (print) /
978-92-870-4164-7 (pdf)
Published by the World Trade Organization

© World Trade Organization, International Trade Centre and UNCTAD 2016.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without
prior permission in writing from the World Trade Organization and the
International Trade Centre.
The report is also available in French and Spanish

Copies can be ordered from: WTO Online Bookshop
http://onlinebookshop.wto.org
If you would like more information on the contents of this report or if you have
any comments or suggestions for improvement please contact
the Market Access Intelligence Section (mai@wto.org).
World Tariff Profiles 2017 provides
comprehensive information on the
tariffs and non-tariff measures imposed
by over 170 countries and customs
territories. The publication starts with
a breakdown of the tariffs imposed by
these economies. The data is presented
in summary tables and in individual one
page profiles for each economy. This
is followed by a section on the use of
nontariff measures, which are becoming
increasingly important in international
trade. The special topic for this edition is
an article entitled “Export diversification”,
which gives an analysis of export
diversification indicators over time.
The publication is jointly prepared by

the World Trade Organization, the
United Nations Conference on Trade
and Development (UNCTAD) and the
International Trade Centre (ITC).
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WORLD

0<2 2<4 4<6 6<8 8<10 10<15 15<20 20<

For more information

I. Summary tariff tables 4

II. Country/territory tariff profiles 26

III NON-TARIFF MEASURES

B. Frequently asked questions 243

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Simple average of the ad valorem or AVE

Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings in the total

Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to non-

Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem

Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem

Share of HS six-digit bound subheadings not yet

Maximum duty Maximum tariff line level ad valorem duty or AVE.

Number of distinct duty rates. Non-ad valorem duties are

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Country/territory tariff profiles 35

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Row titles Description or method of calculation Technical notes

Simple Only duties and imports recorded

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

Frequency distribution Column heading Description or method of calculation

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Product Group MTN 1 Harmonized System nomenclature 2012

Agricultural products (Ag)

Animal products 17 Ch. 01, Ch. 02, 1601-02

Dairy products 21 0401-06

12 Ch. 07, Ch. 08, 1105-06, 2001-08

Coffee, tea 13 0901-03, Ch. 18 (except 1802), 2101

x15 0407-10, 1101-04, 1107-09, Ch. 19, 2102-06, 2209

Cotton x23 5201-5203

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

Non-agricultural products (Non-Ag)

Fish and fish

2705, Ch. 28-30 (except 290543-45, 300590), Ch. 32- 33 (except

300590, 330620, 392112-13, 392190, 420212, 420222, 420232,

Clothing x2 Ch. 61-62

Non-electrical 7321-22, Ch. 84 (except 846721-29), 850860, 852841, 852851,

846721-29, Ch. 85 (except 850860, 852841, 852851,

Ch. 86 (except 8608), 8701-08 (except 870821),

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

B. Frequently asked questions 243