Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
by
F. L. Weaver
Manager of Engineering
De Laval Turbine, Inc.
Trenton, New Jersey
J,_
monly specified in machinery purchase orders. It is the 4,943 16.677 3.38
purpose of this paper to present performance data on a
simple shaft which will lead to better fundamental under
standing of the various factors affecting rotor perform Figure 1. Effect of Mid Span Weight Location on
ance and their relative value or influence. Critical Speed.
142
WTOR DESIGN AND VIBRATION RESPONSE 14:1
the anti-node location for the shaft second critical and K = 100 K=
weight placed at this location has maximum effect in MODE FORM --
reducing (he second critical speed relati\e to the reduc <"> ........ __ ... .. ...
First
--------
tion in first critical speed. Equal weights at this loca 5,516 rpm 3,921 rpm
tion gi,e the smallest ratio of second to first critical.
In the practical design of most rotors, both the 00 '
.
rpm
Second
X -
rpm
weight and location of the \1 heels on the shaft are deter 22,058 5,884
14,108
..
rpm
tionships that can be produced by ,-ariation in weight
size and location between the two bearing supports.
87,750 rpm
Fourth
)<><\
'
33,938 rpm
OVERHl'NG \\-EIGHT
Whereas the mid span \\eight may either raise or
lower the ratio of second to first critical.. the effect of
Fifth
'x:;O::J
I
' \
TJi< ;
t
8140 lbs. '><=><
Third '
--
7,997 rpm
B Lr------,r' 5,443 21,000 3.86
rlfr TffT
Fourth '>c;<)<
"'i 18
40
t
lbs. '
18,481 rpm
c r-
b...-----, 4,977 13,050 2.62 \,-, ,......._ _,... , /
rlfr 7ftT Fifth
,\_./,__
- .,,/\
I
40 lbs. 91,000 rpm 35,206 rpm
r-24
j 4,404 10,028 2.27
-72"-24"-
, I
1-- 72" 24" r
TffT
Figure 4. Mode Shapes for Shaft with Overhung Weight
Figure 2. Effect of Overhung Weight on Critical Speed. for Both Stiff and Soft Supports.
144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST TCRBOMACHINERY SYMPOSIUM
--- _
K = 4.0 X 100
ROTOR
ROTOR
10,000 10000
RESPONSE ! K=2.0x 100
RESPONSE ..
"'
'g Centrifugal force K=
1.28 oz.- in. 1,000- of the unbalance 1,000.-I 0.7 )( 100
\ 'i
j} .!
-!..-18
" .3
Ji c c
/
/
L"
,. K
"A"
c c::u;K
"8"
, !'
"A" "B"
100- /
/
1.28
oz.- in. ! 100r
Ji
------ bP
!1 ;'d ..c
-
mally associated 11ith a critical peed. This is 11hat hap
pens to the rotor response for K = 0. 7 x 10n in Figure 9
"A" "8" 1.28
oz. in. ;:: 100
when the bearing damping is increased from l 70 pound
second 'inch to 3-W pound-second inch. The peak e
sponse at the second critical is eliminated with this
C = 340 lb.- sec. lin. increase in damping.
K = 2.0 x 10' lb.! in.
Shaft dia. = 6' 0
Values of hearing damping may he expected to he
Speed, 1000 rpm from about 300 pound-second inch to noo pound-second /
DAMPING
Damping in oil lubricated bearings is an important
factor in the consideration of rotor behavior. Increased
damping tends to increase the critical speed of the rotor.
This is usually a small factor. Increased damping also
tends to decrease the amplitude of vibration, and, there
fore, the alternating bearing loading. In systems where Figure 12. Model Rotor Testing for Dynamic Response
the amplification is large, the response of the system to Unbalance.
ROTOR DESIGN AND VIBRATION RESPONSE 147
2> SL\IMARY
ROTOR
I
l lt
RESPONSE 0---- The dbration response of a rotor is dependent not
e 2' Vertical r
1 only on the design variables of the rotor itself but also
Inboard Bearing S O 0
a. .. ShaftSpeed
3 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 -CPS on the equivalent stiffness and damping of the rotor
2 Horizontal
-
support structure. The shaft extension beyond the bear
ings and the o\erhang weight on this extension is an
J: /':--- important design factor in the determination of the
2 3'
Vertical
Mid Shaft .
11-
vibration response of high speed rotors.
Shaft Speed
g 0 3o 90 120 150 180 210 240 -CPS Bearing alternating load is a useful measure of rotor
Horizontal
response. It gives a measure not only of the forces trans
mitted to other parts of the machinery and foundation,
but also indicates the degree of sensitivity of the rotor
Vertical
Outboard Bearing to unbalance.
L
120 150 180 210 240
Shaf!Speed
-CPS
It is expected that continued work in the field of
rotor dynamics, both analytically and experimentally,
will bring increased accuracy to the prediction of rotor
Figure 13. Rotor Vibration Response Due to Unbalance. vibration response. The entire field of support structure
response, including the effect of both structure mass and
stiffness, is largely in the formative stage. Most infor
It is expected that continued work in the field of mation available on this subject is a matter of experi
rotor dynamics, both analytically and experimentally, ence rather loosely correlated through oversimplified
will bring increased accuracy to the prediction of rotor models. There is a need for continued work in this field.
vibration response. The entire field of support struc
ture response, including the effect of both structure mass ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
and stiffness, is largely in the formative stage. Most
information available on this subject is a matter of ex The author gratefully acknowledges the help of Mr.
perience rather loosely correlated through over-simpli R. P. Kolb and Mr. N. Mizne of De Laval Research and
fied models. There is a need for continued work in this Advanced Product Development Department, in the con
field. struction of this paper.