E.M.

JUANFI

PAGE 237 act. 1 a 4

1. DRAW THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL AND SHADE IN THE AREA SHOWING SIZE
OF THE NATURAL INCREASE.
Dibujo de la figura 4.76
2. A. WHAT IS THE KEY CHANGE BETWEEN STAGES 1 AND 2 AND WHY DOES IT HAPPEN?
THE KEY CHANGE BETWEEN STAGES 1 AND 2 IS THATDEATH RATE IS DECREASING AND
NATURAL INCREASE IS INCRISING TO HIGH. THATS BECAUSE OF THESES REASONS:
IMPROVED MEDICAL CARE (VACCINES, MEDICINES, CLINICS AND HOSPITALS)
CLEANER WATER SUPPLIES AND IMPROVED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
INCREASED FOOD OUTPUT
ECONOMIC: MORE CHILDREN MEANS MORE WORKERS IN THE FIELDS
SOCIAL: LARGE FAMILIES ARE THE NORM AND CHILDREN CAN LOOK AFTER PARENTS IN
OLD AGE
POLITICAL: GOVERNMENTS IN MUSLIM AND CATHOLIC COUNTRIES ARE RELUCTANT TO
PROVIDE EDUCATION AND FACILITIES FOR FAMILY PLANNING

B. WHAT IS THE KEY CHANGE BETWEEN STAGES 2 AND 3 AND WHY DOES IT HAPPEN?
THE KEY CHANGES BETWEEN STAGES 2 AND 3 ARE THE DECREASING BIRTH RATE, THE
LOW DEATH RATE AND THE DECREASING NATURAL INCREASE FROM HIGH TO LOW.
THESE CHANGES ARE BECAUSE IN STAGE 3 MORE PEOPLE ARE LIVING IN CITIES, WHERE
COSTS OF BRINGING UP CHILDREN ARE HIGH, WHEREAS ON FARMS CHILDREN ARE
WORKERS. MORE WOMEN ARE ENTERING HIGHER EDUCATION, MARRYING LATER AND
PURSUING CAREERS, REDUCING THE AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE.

3. A. WHAT IS MEANT BY NATURAL DECREASE?

THIS MEANS WHEN THE DEATH RATES ARE HIGHER THAN THE BIRTH RATES.

B. WHY IS IT MAINLY HAPPENING IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES?

THIS IS MAINLY HAPPENING IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BECAUSE OF THE ECONOMIC
PROBLEMS THEY ARE HAVING. THE INMIGRANTS WENT TO EUROPE TO WORK AND THIS
DIDNT HELP THE ECONOMY IN EUROPE. PEOPLE FROM EUROPE DONT WORK BECAUSE
OF THIS, SO THEY DONT BRING UP CHILDREN BECAUSE ITS VERY EXPENSIVE AND THEY
DONT HAVE THE MONEY ( BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF JOBS.).

4. A. RESEARCH: FIND OUT THE BIRTH AND DEATH RATES FOR YOUR COUNTRY
B. IN WHICH STAGE IS THE MODEL OF YOUR COUNTRY?
IN 2014, ARGENTINA SHOWS HAVING A LOW BIRTH RATE AND LOW DEATH RATE.
ARGENTINA IS IN STAGE 3, THE NATURAL INCREASE HAS BEEN DECREASING SINCE
2007/2008, THE BIRTH RATE AND DEATH RATE HAVE BEEN DECREASING SINCE THEN.
PAGE 239

1. A. DESCRIBE WHAT THE POPULATION PYRAMIDS SHOW FOR (i) PAKISTAN AND (ii)
GERMANY, USING THE EXAM WATCH ADVICE AS A GUIDE

IN PAKISTAN THE BASE OF THE PYRAMID SHOWS THAT THERE IS A HIGH BIRTH RATE,
BUT THERE IS A LOW LONG LIFE EXPECTANCY. IT IS A DEVELOPING COUNTRY FOR ITS
TRIANGLE SHAPE. IT ALSO SHOWS THAT THERE ARE MANY YOUNG POPULATION
BETWEEN 0-14, THEN THE 1-64 POPULATION START TO LOW DOWN, AND 65+-OLD
AGE POPULATION DECREASE.

WHERE IN GERMANY, THE PYRAMID SHOW A DEVELOPED COUNTRY, BECAUSE OS ITS

STRAIGHT UP AND DOWN SHAPE. THE BASE IS QUITE NARROW, SO THERE IS A LOW
BIRTH RATE, AND SO ITS ITS TOP, WHICH SHOWS A LOW LIFE EXPECTANCY
(ALTHOUGH ITS HIGHER THAN IN PAKISTAN). IT ALSO SHOWS THAT THERE ARE
MORE 30-40 POPULATION THAN YOUNG OR OLD POPULATION.

B. DRAW A SIMPLE SUMMARY SKETCHES OF TWO PYRAMIDS AND LABEL THE

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM

COPIAR LAS PIRAMIDES 4.78 Y MARCAR LAS DIFERENCIAS

2. GIVE DEFINITIONS FOR ALL THE KEY WORDS AND PHRASES IN BOLD IN THE TEXT

POPULATION STRUCTURE: IT REFERS TO MANY ASPECTS OF THE POPULATION

ECOLOGY (POPULATION PYRAMID, POPULATION SIZE, ETC)
POPULATION PYRAMID: ITS A GRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATION THAT SHOWS THE
DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS AGE GROUPS IN A POPULATION.
WORKING OR INDEPENDENT POPULATION: THE PEOPLE OF A POPULATION THAT
WORKS, EARN MONEY AND PAY TAXES
DEPENDANTS: PEOPLE IN A SOCIETY THAT DEPEND UPON SERVICES SUCH AS
EDUCATION AND HEALTHCARE, PAID FOR BY TAXES TAKEN FROM THE WORKING
POPULATION.
YOUNG POPULATION: PEOPLE OF AGE 0-14 IN A POPULATION.
AGEING POPULATION: ITS AN INCREASING MIDDLE AGE IN A POPULATION.
FERTILITY RATE: ITS THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN THAT WOULD BE BORN
TO A WOMAN OVER HER LIFETIME
LIFE EXPECTANCY: ITS THE MEASURE OF THE AVERAGE TIME AN ORGANISM IS
EXPECTED TO LIVE.
INFANT MORTALITY RATES: IT REFFERS TO THE DEATHS OF YOUNG CHILDREN,
TYPICALLY THOSE LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF AGE.

3. A. DESCRIBE THE MAIN CHANGES OVER TIME IN FIGURE 4.79

BIRTH RATES: I CAN SEE THAT THE BIRTH RATES GETS NARROWER FROM 1880 TO
1920, IT GETS WIDER IN 1940 AND IN 1980 IT DECREASES ALMOST IN HALF.
LONG LIFE EXPECTANCY: FROM 1880 TO 1980 THE LONG LIFE EXPECTANCY FROM +74
HAS INCREASED FROM 1% TO 6%.
DEVELOP: IN 1880 I CAN SEE THAT IT WAS A DEVELOPING COUNTRY FOR ITS
TRIANGLE SHAPE. IN 1920 THE SHAPE CHANGED AND IT BECAME A DEVELOPED
COUNTRY AND IT CONTINUED TO 1980 BEING A DEVELOPED COUNTRY.
AGES:
0-14 I CAN SEE THAT IN 1880 THAT ALMOST HALF OF THE POPULATION WERE
CHILDREN. IT DECREASED IN 1920 TO OF THE POPULATION. IN 1940 IT RAISED TO
36% AGAIN, BUT IN 1980 IT WAS THE 19%.
15-44: IN THE FOUR PYRAMIDS THIS RATE HAS BEEN CONSTANT, IT ALMOST HASNT
CHANGED THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PEOPLE FROM 15-44 IN THAT POPULATION.
45-59: IT HAS BEEN INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF PEOPLE FROM 45-59 YEAR OLD
FROM 1880 (13%) TO 1980 (20%). THIS SHOWS THAT THE LIFE EXPECTANCY WAS
INCREASING.

B. IN WHICH STAGE OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL IS THE UK LIKELY TO

HAVE BEEN IN (i) 1880 AND (ii) 1980? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS

IN 1880 THE UK WAS LIKELY TO HAVE BEEN IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRY MODEL,
BECAUSE OF ITS TRIANGLE SHAPED PYRAMID WHICH SHOWS THAT THE BASE IS
WIDE SO THERES A HIGH BIRTH RATE. IT ALSO SHOWS THAT THE LIFE EXPECTANCY IS
1% AT THE AGE OF 74+, WHICH INDICATES A LOW LIFE EXPECTANCY. FROM 15 TO 74
AGE RATE POPULATION THE PERCENTAGE OF LIFE DECREASES. FROM 26% FROM 15-
29 DECREASES TO 6% FROM 60-74.
IN 1980 THE UK WAS A DEVELOPED COUNTRY. THE SHAPE OF THE PYRAMID IS MORE
STRAIGHT UP AND DOWN. THE PERCENTAGES ARE SORT OF THE SAME BETWEEN 0
TO 59 YEAR OLD RATE POPULATION. THE LIFE EXPECTANCY ALSO INCREASED FROM
1% IN 1880 TO 6% IN 1980. THE BIRTH RATE HAS DECREASED FROM 36% TO 19%,
ALMOST HALF.