Ways of generating electricity

(1) What name is given to the setups used to obtain electricity?

(2) Name an electric source which is used in houses?
(3) Write the energy transformation occurs when we get an electric current from the above source.
(4) What are the two main types of electric cells?
(5) Write the difference between primary cells and secondary cells.
(6) Give two examples for primary cells.
(7) Draw a diagram of a simple cell and label its parts.
(8) How to demonstrate that an electric current is produced in a simple cell?
(9) Write one defect of the simple voltaic cell.
(10) What are the two terminals of a simple cell?
(11) Who has made the simple cell for the first time?
(12) A diagram of a dry cell is given on the side. Name the parts from A to F.
(13) Name the two terminals of the dry cell.
(a) Zinc casing (b) Carbon rod
(14) Mention three instances where the dry cell is used.
(15) Give another name for secondary cells.
(16) What are vehicle batteries?
(17) Six cells are found in a vehicle battery. If the voltage of one cell is 2 V, what is the total
voltage of a vehicle battery?
(18) The cells found in vehicle batteries are called Mead-acid' cells. Why are they named as
lead acid cells?
(19) What factors should be considered in maintaining vehicle batteries? Write three such
factors.
(20) Explain how electricity is generated in a dynamo.
(21) A diagram of a dynamo is given below. Name the parts from A to E.
22) A diagram of a bicycle dynamo is given above Name the parts from A to E.

(23) Explain how an electric current is generated in a bicycle dynamo.

(24) What are the factors on which the current generated in a moving coil dynamo depends.
(25) Explain how the current varies with the above factors
(26) What energy formation occurs in solarcells.
(27) Explain how solar cells are made.
(28) The current and the voltage of a solar cell is very small. What should be done to increase
the voltage as well as current?
(29) Mention three instances when solar cells are used.

Uses of nano technology

(1) What is the relationship between nanometre and metre?

(2) What is nano technology?
(3) What range of nano particles are used for nano technology?
(4) Name four efficiently functioning systems formed using nano technology.
(5) Who has forwarded the concept (idea) of nano technology?
(6) Give an example for a natural nano system.
(7) The basis of nano technology is "reaching top from the bottom". Explain this.
Answer
This means that products with high quality could be produced by initiating with nano
scale.
(8) What element is used in nano technology at present?
(9) Diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon. What is its third type?
(10) Give examples for carbon nano structures.
(11) Write three uses of nano technology in the field of medicine.
(12) How nano technology is used in the field of generating power? -
(13) How are nano insulators are constructed?
(14) Give two examples for nano insulators.
(15) Mention three instances where nano insulators are used.
(16) Mention two instances where nano technology is used for power transmission.
(17) What name is given to the direct transformation of heat in to electricity?
(18) What device is used for it?
(19) Mention two instances where the above device is used
(20) What are nano crystal LEDs?
(21) Mention two instances where nano technology is used in the field of clothing industry.
(22) Mention two instances where nano technology is used in the field of beauty culture.
(23) What is meant by 'nano ink'?
(24) Mention three instances where nano technology is used in the field of detecting deseases.
(25) Write three uses of nano robots.
(26) What are the adverse effects of nano technology
 Answers
Ways of generating electricity
(1) Electricity sources
(2) Dry cells
(3) Chemical energy > Electrical energy
(4) 1. Primary cell 2. Secondary cell
(5) Chemicals of the primary cells are unable to revert back to their original condition.
(6) 1. Simple cell 2. Dry cell
(7)

Cu
Oil. Sulphuric
(8) When a torch bulb is connected to the two terminals, it is lighted.
(9) Accumulation of hydrogen gas bubbles at the copper plate.
(10) Negative terminal: Zinc
Positive terminal : Copper
(11) Alexandra Volta.

12) A - Zinc vessel B - Ammonium chloride paste

C- Bag of cloth d - Manganese dioxide and carbon powder
E - Carbon rod F - Brass cap
(13) (a) Negative terminal
(b) Positive terminal
(14) 1. Transistor radio 2. Torch 3. Electronic watches
(15) Accumulators.
(16) Lead accumulators.
(17) 12V.
(18) The solution found in these cells is sulphuric acid and the plates are lead plates. Therefore these
cells are known as lead acid cells.
(19) 1 . When the acid level goes down in the cells, they have to filled up to the required level
with distilled water.
2. The two terminal should be kept clean.
3 . The battery should not left unused for a long time.
(20) When a coil is rotated in a magnetic field or a magnet is rotated inside a coil, electricity is
generated in the coil. This what happens in a dynamo.

(21) A - Magnetic poles B - Coil (Armature) C - Axis of rotation

D - Slip ringsE - C

(12) Construction of hydrogen fuel cells and solar cells.

(13) By filling air in ceramic nano particles and carbon nano tubes.

(14) 1. Aerogel 2. Nano foams

(15) 1. In making jackets.
2. To cover gas tubes and oil tubes.

(16) 1.In making more efficient conductors.

2. In making super conductors.

(17) Thermoelectricity

(18) Thermo-couple.

(19) 1. In watches which Thermo-electric couple work according to the body temperature.

2. To recharge fuel cells.

(20) LEDs produced by using nano technology.

(21) 1. In making dust free clothes.

2. In making clothes which resist hot and cold conditions.

(22) 1. In making anti aging chemicals.

2. In making sun cream.

(23) No pores are found when written in nano ink.

(24) 1. In making instruments to measure blood pressure.

2. To do medical tests.
3. To measure heart beat.

(25) 1. In treating arteriosclerosis.

2. Breaking of blood clots.
3. Fighting cancer.

(26) 1. Pollution caused by adding nano particles to soil, water and air. 2.
Making diseases by entering nano particles to the body.
arbon brushes
(22) A - Magnet B - Coil
C - Rotating wheel D - Axel
E - Soft iron core (coil has wounded around this)
(23) In this type of dynamos, the coil is stationary and the magnet rotates. Rotating wheel of the
dynamo is rotated according to the rotation of the bicycle wheel. Axel of the dynamo and the
start rotating accordingly. As the magnet rotates inside the coil, electricity is generated in the
coil.
Uses of nano technology
(1) 1 Nanometre = ^ m (orlO~9m) :s * r'r- j ,
(or INm = 0.000000001m)
(2) Nano particles are used to make various products and construct functioning systems of nano
technology.
(3) Particles of 1 to 100 nm. - ,; : i
(4) Nano metals , Nano polymers , Drugs which activate at target tissues , Nano robots , Nano
computers. .
(5) The idea of nano technology has put forward by Richard Feyman.
,K.
(6) Cell
(7) [The answer has given with the question.]
(8) Carbon. v '
(9) Fullerenes.
(10) 1. Carbonbuckyballs. '-,,.- > ;, .
2. Carbon nano tubes.
3. Carbon nano horns.
(11) 1. Production of bandage for wounds.
2. Production of nano antiseptic oinments.
3. Production of nano filters

(12) Construction of hydrogen fuel cells and solar cells.

(13) By filling air in ceramic nano particles and carbon nano tubes.
(14) 1. Aerogel 2. Nano foams ^m/^oH I'Q Y'
(15) 1. In making jackets.
2. To cover gas tubes and oil tubes.
:- *--V'. ..-...,:: -: ^^TvVib; IE miw/D-c'v.:, '-;?*V" f
(16) 1. In making more efficient conductors.
2. In making super conductors. v ', ?
(17) Thermoelectricity
(18) Thermo-couple. I
(19) 1. In watches which Thermo-electric couple work according to the body temperature. 2. To
recharge fuel cells.
(20) LEDs produced by using nano technology.
(21) 1. In making dust free clothes.
2. In making clothes which resist hot and cold conditions.
(22) 1. In making anti aging chemicals.
2. In making sun cream. p ;
(23) No pores are found when written in nano ink. , ;. f
(24) 1. In making instruments to measure blood pressure.
2. To do medical tests.
3. To measure heart beat.
(25) 1. In treating arteriosclerosis. , -
2. Breaking of blood clots. I
3. Fighting cancer. - . ,x-^,^J \
(26) 1. Pollution caused by adding nano particles to soil, water and air. 2. Making diseases by
entering nano particles to the body.