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4 CD Cc from draining t e s t s
I
1 error b a r s -
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References
I Encyclopaedia Brilannica, l l th ed., Encylopaedia Britannica Inc., New
York, 191 I, Article on "Hydraul~cs." pp. 38-56.
m
k
, 2 Lienhard, J. H., V and Lienhard, J . H . , (IV), "Velocity Coefficients of
Free Jets from Sharp-Edged Orifices," ASME JOURNAL
INC, V01. 106. NO. I , 1984, pp. 13-17.
OF FLUIDSENGINPER-
A P P E N D I X
Influence of Surface Tension o n C , for a Borda Mouthpiece
0.48
0
I 1
Approximate prediction,
equation ( 6 )
I
1.o
I l l 1
2.0
i A Calculation by
T . B. Benjamin, Sedleian Prof. of Natural History
Mathematical Institute
Oxford University
LID
Fig. 2 Experimental results shown the influence of the mouthpiece The Bernoulli equation between the stagnant liquid at gauge
configuration on contraction pressure, pgh, in the supply tube and the liquid in the jet, is:
pgh = p + pu2/2 ('41)
where the static gauge pressure in the jet is given by the
wall on the jet centerline- that is, where the liquid enters the Laplace relation as:
tube, and at its mirror image below. The velocity, u, parallel
with the wall is then:
C
u=- (4) Neglecting fluid motion o n the support wall as being of
(L' + r2) second order in importance, we write the following momen-
where r is the radius in the plane of the wall and C is a con- tum balance:
stant. Then the pressure gradient on the wall is:
Force o n static fluid = momentum of jet
surface force on the lip
-
Conclusions Introduction
1) ~ l ~ imotion
d on the support wall influences the Downwash in the wake of smokestacks and cooling towers
magnitude of C, for a finite Borda mouthpiece. has been a subject of investigation for more than 50 years [ I ] .
2) C, for a ~~~d~ mouthpiece approaches asymp- The phenomenon occurs when the emerging positively
totically as the length of the mouthpiece is increased. For
a very short Borda mouthpiece' Cc is a little above 0.54' Engtneering Analysis, Inc., Hun~sville,Ala. 35801
Contributed by the Flulds Engineering Divirion o f . T ~ AMERICAN
c SOCIFTY OF
3, The coefficient is a BOrda MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. Mauscript received by the Fluidr Engineering Division
mouthpiece, just as it is for a sharp-edged orifice. A U ~ U S15,
~ 1985.