2.1.

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Chapter 3-Solids, Liquids, and Gases
What are the 4 states of matter? Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
State of matter depends on the temperature
For example -- water:
o solid if below the melting point
o liquid if between the melting point and boiling point
o gas if above boiling point
Solids
Has a definite shape and a definite volume (amount of space occupied by an object)
Particles in solids are held close together by forces between them
Particles lack the energy to move over or around each other (solids hold their shape)
Liquids
Have a definite volume but not a definite shape
It Flows.
Takes the shape of the container
Can't be squeezed into a smaller volume
Particles are close together but have enough kinetic energy (energy of motion) to move over and
around each other
Gases
Don't have a definite shape or volume
Expand or contract to fill the space available to them
Will expand without limit if not contained
Can be squeezed into a smaller space (compressed)
Free to move in all directions and spread out evenly throughout the container
Particles have enough energy to separate completely from one another
The addition of heat energy increases the kinetic energy of the gas molecules causes expansion
A decrease in heat energy reduces kinetic energy limits expansion

Thermal expansion - most matter expands as it gets hotter

Thermal contraction - most matter contracts when cooled

Temperature remains constant during a phase change!

Samples:
1. A solid substance melts at 0C, boils at 100C, has a density of 1g/ cm3, and as a liquid, readily
dissolves salt and sugar. Which one of the following choices is the substance?
A. carbon dioxide b. mercury
c. ethyl alcohol d. water

2. Using the diagram to the left, answer

this question. During a phase change from
a liquid to a gas what happens to the
temperature of the liquid during the
process?
a. temperature decreases to 70C.
b. temperature remains constant at 70C
c. temperature remains constant at 140C.
d. temperature increases to 180C.

3. Using the diagram to the left, what is

the approximate temperature at which the
substance melts?
a. 0C b. 70C c. 140C d. 40C

4. Which is the correct arrangement of states of matter, putting them in order from the slowest movement
of particles to the fastest?
a. plasma, solid, gas, liquid b. liquid, solid, gas, plasma
c. gas, liquid, plasma, solid d. solid, liquid, gas, plasma
5. Which statement regarding heat energy and phase changes is true?
a. the addition of heat energy will always result in a change in temperature.
b. the addition of heat energy does not always result in a change in temperature.
c. all substances change immediately from solid to liquid to gas.
d. water boils at one temperature then evaporates at a higher temperature.

6. Which state of matter does not have a definite shape or a definite volume?
a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. ice cubes

7. What term describes temperature high enough to raise the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules to a
level where they can break free of the binding forces holding them together?
a. decomposition point b. melting point c. freezing point d. boiling point

8. What process does the following description refer to: a wet sidewalk begins to steam in the sun after a

spring shower?a. melting b. sublimation c. evaporation d. fumigation

11. What process does the following description refer to: a block of dry ice sitting on a laboratory
benchtop has a cloud of gas around it?
a. melting b. sublimation c. evaporation d. fumigation

12. Which of the following best explains the difference b/w melting and boiling points
a. the melting pt is the temp at which a gas becomes plasma. The boiling pt is the temp at which a gas
becomes a liquid.
b. The boiling pt is the temp at which a liquid becomes a gas. The melting pt is the temp at which a solid
becomes a liquid.
c. The melting pt is the temp at which a liquid becomes a gas. The boiling pt is the temp at which a solid
becomes a liquid.
d. the boiling pt is the temp at which a solid becomes a gas. The melting pt is the temp at which a gas
becomes a liquid.
13. What is the approximate temperature at which the above substance boils?
a. 0C b. 40C c. 100C d. 130C
14. What is the approximate temperature at which the above substance melts?
a. 0C b. 40C c. 100C d. 130C
15. At which temperature is the above substance a solid?
A. up to 0C b. 0C c. b/w 0C and 100C d. above 100C
16. At which temperature is the above substance steam?
A. up to 0C b. 0C c. b/w 0C and 100C d. above 100C

Melting and Boiling Points of Some Substances

Substance Melting Point Boiling Point
Hydrogen (H) -259.3C -252.9C
Nitrogen (N) -210.0C -195.8C
Ammonia (NH3) -77.7C -33.3C
Octane (C8H18) -56.8C 125.6C
Water (H2O) 0.0C 100.0C
Acetic Acid (C2H4O2) 16.6C 117.9C

1. Which substance(s) is/are solids at room temperature? ____________________________

2. Which substance(s) is/are gases at room temperature? ____________________________

3. Which substance(s) is/are liquids at room temperature? ___________________________

4. Which substance(s) is/are solids at 5C? ______________________________________

5. Which substance(s) is/are gases at -105C? ___________________________________

6. Which substance(s) is/are liquids at 25C? ____________________________________