EUROCODES

Background and Applications

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 1

Eurocode EN 1990
Basis of Structural Design

Structural Analysis
and
Design by Testing

Gerhard Sedlacek
Christian Mller
RWTH Aachen
EUROCODES Contents EN 1990 Section 5
Background and Applications

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 2

SECTION 5 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND

DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING

5.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

5.1.1 Structural modelling
5.1.2 Static actions
5.1.3 Dynamic actions
5.1.4 Fire design

5.2 DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING

 EUROCODES Contents Section 5
Background and Applications

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 3

for calculation Appropriate structural models Design assisted by testing

predicting involving acceptable established Design may be based on combination of
structural relevant accuracy engineering theory and calculations and tests see Annex D
behaviour at variables 5.1.1(2) practice, where [5.2(1)]
The limited number of tests to be considered in the
limit state 5.1.1(1) necessary verified
reliability required [5.2(2)]
5.1.1(2) experimentally
Partial factors should be as in
EN 1991 - 1999 [5.2(3)]

Modelling

For static or equivalent static actions For dynamic actions For fire design
Modelling based on appropriate Modelling based on [5.13(1)] Structural fire design analysis based on fire
choice of - masses scenarios considering models for [5.1.4(1)]
force-deformation relationship and - stiffness - temperature evolution in the structure
of [5.1.2] [5.12(2)] - damping characteristic - mechanical non-linear behaviour of [5.1.4(6)]
- boundary conditions as intended [5.13(2)] structure at elevated temperature (see EN
members connections ground boundary 1992-1999) [5.1.4(4)]
- strengths
conditions
for all structural and non-structural members
intended Fire exposure as
Contribution of soil modelled by equivalent springs - nominal fire exposure (5.1.4(3))
2nd order theory [5.1.2(3)]
and dash pots [5.1.3(4)] - modelled fire exposure
when increase of action effects significant
see => EN 1990 - 1999 Where relevant (for wind and seismic actions) Verification of the required performance by
actions from modal analysis or where the either
Indirect actions to be introduced in
fundamental mode is relevant from equivalent - global analysis
linear elastic non-linear analysis static forces [5.1.3(5)] - analysis of subassemblies or member
analysis directly or as imposed analysis
Dynamic actions also expressed as time histories
by equivalent forces deformations or by tabulated data or test results
or in the frequency domain to be dealt with by
appropriate methods [5.1.3(6)] Specific assessment methods within
Where relevant dynamic analysis also for SLS - uniform or non uniform temperature with
[5.1.3(7)] see Annex A, EN 1992 - 1999 cross-section and along members
- analysis of individual members and
In case of determination of equivalent static action interaction of members
dynamic parts either included implicitely or by
magnification factors
EUROCODES Basis assumptions for static analysis
Background and Applications

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test load Rstatic

Product Resistance

linear behaviour

deflection

deformation controlled

time
EUROCODES Basis assumptions for static analysis
Background and Applications

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Actions qQk extreme

Qk characteristic
0qQk combination
1Qk frequent

2Qqp quasi permanent

G permanent

Verification: ULS (static)

Ed = Ed {G + Q} Rd =
Rk
M
EUROCODES Code for type of static analysis
Background and Applications

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Geometry
non-linear
Material
linear imperfection
included
linear

LA GNA GNIA

non-linear

MNA GMNA GMNIA

EUROCODES Action effects in static analysis
Background and Applications

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action effect F
N N
F

ear
li n

r
ea
F

lin
er ear N N
ov
er lin
und

load amplification
EUROCODES Substructuring for static analsysis
Background and Applications

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 8

EUROCODES Consideration of stiffness of connections
Background and Applications

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EUROCODES Dynamic actions and response
Background and Applications

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EUROCODES Dynamic actions and response
Background and Applications

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EUROCODES Static and dynamic actions for traffic loads
Background and Applications

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EUROCODES Contents Annex D
Background and Applications

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ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING

D1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

D2 SYMBOLS
D3 TYPES OF TESTS
D4 PLANNING OF TESTS
D5 DERIVATION OF DESIGN VALUES
D6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR STATISTICAL EVALUATIONS
D7 STATISTICAL DETERMINATION OF A SINGLE PROPERTY
D7.1 General
D7.2 Assessment via the characteristic value
D7.3 Direct assessment of the design value for ULS verifications
D8 STATISTICAL DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE MODELS
D8.1 General
D8.2 Standard evaluation procedure (Method (a))
D8.2.1 General
D8.2.2 Standard procedure
D8.3 Standard evaluation procedure (Method (b))
D8.4 Use of additional prior knowledge
EUROCODES Contents of Annex D
Background and Applications

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Types of tests (D3)

a) to determine ultimate resistance or serviceability properties
b) to determine material properties with standardized testing procedures Test valuation
c) to reduce parameters in load and load effect models according to
d) to reduce parameters in resistance models [D.5-D8]
e) to check identity or quality of delivered products
f) to obtain information for execution
g) to check the behaviour of an actual structure

Planing of tests in agreement with test organisation covering

- objectives and scopes
- prediction of test results
- specification of test specimens and sampling
- loading specification Test
- testing arrangement evaluation
- measurements according to
- evaluation and reporting of tests [D4] [D5-D8]

Evaluation of tests for single material properties and for resistances [D.5, D.6]
for presentation of resistance [6.3.5(2)] for presentation of resistance [6.3.5(4)]
1 1
Rd = R{ X d } Rd = RK { X K }
Rd M
Determination of the single material property Determination of resistance RK(XK)
XK and Xd from tests Xi [D.7] and Rd {XK} form tests Rei [D8]
EUROCODES Contents of Annex D
Background and Applications

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 15

Procedure via XK: [D.7.2] Procedure via RK: [D.8.2]

X Kn = mx (1 k n Vx ) 1. theoretical deterministic function Rt

kn from table D1 2. Comparison Rexp - Rt to improve Rt

mx and Vx from
3. Probabilistic function R =b Rf
x
mx = 1 1 Rei
n 4. Mean value deviation b
n Rti
1
S x2 = ( xi mx ) 2 5. Coefficient of variation v for error terms i
n 1
Rei 1
S i = S 2 ( i 1) 2
Vx = x b Rti n 1
mx
V2 S 2
X K ( n)
X d = d
m
6. Inclusion of vxi for variables Xi

VR2 = V2 + Vx2i
EUROCODES Contents of Annex D
Background and Applications

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 16

2
7. RK = b grt ( X m ) e k rt Qrt k n Q 0.5 Q

kn, k from table D1

Qrt Vx2i

Q V2

Q VR2
Qrt
rt
Q
Q

Q
RK
8. Rd
M

Procedure via Xd: [D 7.3] Procedure via Rd: [D 8.3]

2
X d = mx (1 k dn v x ) Rd = b grt ( X m ) e k d rt Qrt kdn Q 0.5 Q

kdn from table D2 kdn, kd from table D2

EUROCODES Procedure to obtain reliable values Rk
Background and Applications

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 17

Failure modes
fracture fracture
yielding

Brittle failure
Ductile failure

excluded by 1. Mode 0 Mode 1 Mode 2

appropriate choice of excessive deformation member failure fracture
material by yielding by instability after yielding
e.g. tension bar e.g. column buckling e.g. bolt

Rd =
R k (f y )
Rd =
(
R k fy , ) Rd =
R k (f u )
M0 M1 M2
2. Test evaluation (
R d = m R exp 0,8 R 0,5 2R ; ) = 3,80

3. Recommended values
M0 = 1,00 M1 = 1,10 M2 = 1,25

4. Characteristic value Rk = M Rd
EUROCODES
Reliability links between Product Standard,
Background and Applications
Execution Standanrd and Eurocode 3
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 18

Requirements for quality

Design standard
Product Standards Execution Standard
minimum characteristic resistance
- dimensions execution Rk = Rnom (e0)
- tolerances of quality: for Rd = Rk / M
dimensions - straightness
- lower limits for - tolerances where M = 1,10 recom. value
f e L
material - flaws
properties (fu, fy) f

Rexp
Rm
S
fu ,fy e Rk }
M
Rd

Tests with members

complying with Evaluation
Product Standards of Rexp acc.
and Execution to EN 1990
Standards Rcalc
 EUROCODES Determination of characteristic values Rk and M
Background and Applications
values from tests
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 19

Conditions for numerical value of M

Product standards for materials Execution standard Design standard

and semi-fabricated products EN 1090 Part 2 Eurocode 3
EN 10025
Test evaluation Rk = Mi Rd
Prefabricated steel component accord. to
for component testing Classification accord.
EN1990- Annex D
to Mi (1,0; 1,10; 1,25)
Rexp/Rcalc

Mi = Rk / Rd
O O
O
Component tests to 1,0 O O O
O O O

determine Rexp
Rexp
Rm
Parameter X1 S
Rk }
Rexp/Rcalc M
O Rd
Engineering model to 1,0 O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

determine Rcalc

Parameter X2
Rcalc
EUROCODES Probability distribution of experimental data
Background and Applications

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 20

EUROCODES Use of test evaluation method for various
Background and Applications
regulatory routes
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Product Innovation

Practical Application

proving satisfactory

Acknowledged state of the art

Time

R&D Unique Technical Standardisation

Verification Approval
 EUROCODES Common design rules for column, lateral torsional,
Background and Applications
plate and shell buckling
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 22

Ed

Ed Ed b r

Ed sk Ed lk Ed t Ed
a
Ed/2
column buckling lat. tors. buckl. plate buckling shell buckling
ult ,kE d = Rk
critE d = R crit
=
Rk
R crit
=
ult ,k
crit
= ()
1,20 1,2 1,2

1,00
EN 1993-1-1 1,20

EN 1993-1-1 EN 1993-1-5 1,0

EN 1993-1-6
1,0
a0 1,00

a a
0,80
b b
0,80 0,8 0,8
c c a0
d
d
30,60

p [-]
30,60 0,6 0,6
b

0,40 0,40
0,4 0,4

0,20 0,20
0,2 0,2

0,00 0,00
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 0,0 _
_ _ 0,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 p [-] 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5
2,0 2,5 3,0

Rk ult ,k
Ed 1
M M
 EUROCODES
Background and Applications
Test evaluation for buckling curves and M-values
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 23

1,2
Column buckling 1,2
Lateral torsional buckling Plate buckling
KSL a0 KSL a0 1,2
KSL a A VBK a0
KSL a KSL b VBK b
KSL b KSL c Beulkurve fr lok. Lasteinl. nach ENV 1993-1-5
1,0 KSL d B
1,0 Karman
KSL c Euler 1
C Einseitige Lasteinleitung a)
KSL d A
B Zweiseitige Lasteinleitung b)

0,8 KSL b Euler

A5.1: IPE160, S235 0,8
D
F
G
D

E
Einseitige Lasteinleitung am Trgerende c)

=0,34
0,8
A5.2: IPE160, S235 H
I
A5.3: IPE160, S235
J
F
VBK b
[-]

A5.4: IPE160, S235 Z

[-]
0,6 G

p=0,34
0,6

[-]
A5.5: IPE160, S235 0,6
A5.6: IPE160, S235 H

A5.7: IPE160, S235 I

0,4 A5.10: HEM340, S235
A5.11: HEM340, S235
0,4
KSL a J
Z
0,4

0,2
0,2
=0,21
0,2 Fall b) Fall a) Fall c)

0,0
0 0,5 1 0,0
_1,5 2 2,5 3 0
0 0,4 0,8 1,2 _ 1,6 2 2,4 2,8
[-] 0 0,5 1 _1,5 2 2,5 3
[-]
[-]