This brings to mind an interesting quote

This quote has been

discussed in detail in Lesson No. 58
at http://slabhyankar.wordpress.com/ In the context
of ppp, we have in this quote which is
adjective of . Actually this quote is
interesting, because except for , all the other 4
out of 5 words are masculine, first case, singular

.

= : masculine, first case,

singular of noun
= masculine, third case, singular of

pronoun
= masculine, first case, singular of ppp

= : = masculine, first case, singular of

pronoun
= masculine, first case, singular of

noun . Note this is a consonant ()-

ending , meaning path, way
Meaning of
can be interpreted in two different ways, depending
upon two different modes of syntax or two different
sequences for arranging the words.
1. , = The
path or the way, the great people went, is (the
path).
meaning The way (to go by) is the way (by

which) great people went.

2. = Great
is the person, who went that way.
The quote is actually from an episode in
It is the answer given
by in reply to a question
? by , who claimed to be the
master of a lake and would not allow thirsty
to partake of the water, unless
would answer a few questions.
Complete answer of was






(Meaning Science of Logic is not definitive; the
scriptures are many and varied; there is no one sage,
whose saying can be taken as the norm; code of
righteous conduct is enshrined in cave (or in
mystery). Hence the way to go is the way a great
person has gone by.)
Is this too much of ppp and the passive voice in-built
therein ? One need not be overawed by the passive
voice of ppp. Sanskrit provides an option of an
active voice participle also, and in past tense. Active
Past Participle (app) is derived from ppp by affixing
a suffix to the ppp. For example is
app derived from ppp . The procedure is simple.
Table 9-1
Use of ppp and app

English active voice English passive voice Using ppp

I went to school School was gone to by me

Note
 in the noun-adjective
pair is
In the noun
(or pronoun)-adjective pair is .
This is perfectly according to the passive and
active voice constructs.
is masculine, first case, singular of
.
is feminine, first case, singular of .
, , , seem to be
similar to gone in English. However there is a
difference. In English gone is not complete by
itself, nor can it stand by itself. It is an
appendage as in is gone, has gone, etc. As
against this, , , ,
when inflected are complete; they can stand by
themselves. They are adjectives. I do not know
what gone is in English grammar. Possibly
gone is a participle. In Sanskrit dictionaries
also is mentioned as a participle, pp,
possibly following the style set by English
grammarians.
Truly speaking is an adjective -
--
(. . . .) Certainly .
 . . . is far better refined than a
participle. That is what Sanskrit is refined !
Note, stands for Passive (Voice
)
By that token, is -

--
(. . . .). Note,
stands for Active (Voice
)
Having said, gone is an appendage as in is gone,
has gone etc. brings into discussion the aspect that
in English all tenses, Past, Present, Future have four
sub-types, such as Present Simple, Present
Continuous, Present Perfect and Present Perfect
Continuous. Now that we are discussing Past Tense,
question arises about Sanskrit equivalents of Past
Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect and Past
Perfect Continuous.
Table 9-2
Sanskrit equivalents of Past Simple, Past
Continuous,
Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous
No. Type of Past Tense Example in English Sansk

1 Past Simple He went

2 Past Continuous He was going

3 Past Perfect He had gone

4 Past Perfect Continuous He had been going

As can be seen the four types of Past Tense still do

not cover the Past Tense as in

Actually there is a fundamental conceptual
difference in Sanskrit connotation of types of Past
Tense. This is one reason why my attempt at giving
Sanskrit-equivalents for Types 2 and 4 in above
table led me to coin them identical.