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Preface

Workforce development is in an ongoing process that organizations and industries must conduct to stay
competitive in this globalized economy of today. This publication provides the latest research in the
areas of organizational learning, organizational citizenship, leadership, communication, job satisfac-
tion, job stress, performance appraisal, diversity in virtual environment, gender diversity, employees
with disabilities, ergonomics, ethics, and internet security. The target audience includes business and
government executives, researchers, and undergraduate/graduate students.
This publication begins with the fundamentals of organizational citizenship behavior in chapter 1.
The emotional aspects of the leadership are covered in chapter 2. Cross-cultural communication skills
are discussed in chapter 3. The latest research on the managerial bullying is reported in chapter 4. Em-
ployee welfare is discussed in chapter 5. The latest findings on the social capital and network approach to
organizational learning are discussed in chapter 6. The effectiveness the performance appraisal systems
is discussed in chapter 7. Recent research on communication and job satisfaction is covered in chapters
8 and 9. The latest findings on the job stress and burnout are reported in chapters 10, 11, and 12. The
latest research on the diversity in virtual environments, gender diversity and managing employees with
disabilities are covered in chapters 13, 14, and 15. The crucial topic of the internet security is discussed
in chapter 16. The social entrepreneurship and national ethical institutions is covered in chapter 17. The
readjustment factors for the repatriates of the multinational enterprises are discussed in chapter 18. The
last chapter discusses the research on ergonomic risk factors in the manufacturing sector in chapter 19. An
understanding of these latest findings on the topics on the human factors in the contemporary workforce
development will benefit the manufacturing industries and organizations for productivity enhancements
and will provide insight to the government executives for policy development.
We trust this work will be of assistance to the intended audiences to spur future research in the re-
spective areas covered.

Bryan Christiansen
PryMarke LLC, USA

Harish C. Chandan
Argosy University, USA