Real Time Clock with Alarm Option

using AT89S52 and DS1307 IC

Real time clock is a digital clock which display real time on 16x2 LCD display. Here in this
circuit we can also set alarm and time. The DS1307 serial real-time clock (RTC) is a low-
power, full binary-coded decimal (BCD) clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM. Address
and data are transferred serially through an IC, bidirectional bus. The ck/calendar provides
seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the month
date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for
leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with AM/PM indicator.
The DS1307 has a built-in power-sense circuit that detects power failures and automatically
switches to the backup supply. Timekeeping operation continues while the part operates
from the backup supply.

Fig 1.1: Proteus circuit of Real time digital clock

Description:-
In this circuit Port 2 of microcontroller connected to the data pins of 16x2 LCD display and
bit P3^0 and P3^1 of port 3 connected to the command pin of 16x2 LCD display rs and en
respectively. And serial data SDA and clock SCL pin of ds1307 connected to P1^0 and P1^1
of microcontroller respectively. 4 switches/ push buttons also used to set time and alarm.
Bits P3^2, P3^3,P3^4 and P1^2 are configured as increment digit, increment value, set
time and set alarm respectively. And an alarm indicator LED also connected to P1^3 for
indicating alarm. When alarm time will match with the real time of clockthen led will be
activate. In this clock the RTC is used in 24 hour mode which gives accurate time and can
be displayed on LCD through microcontroller.The microcontroller continuously reads the
data from the RTC. Program continuously read the data from ds1307 and show on display.
Bit P3^4 is made active low when and low signal comes to program calls time set function
and bits P3^2 and P3^3 is also made active low to set time/date/day as well as alarm time
after pressing bit P1^2.

Fig 1.3: Circuit Diagram of RTC

Source Code:
#include<reg51.h>
sbit rs=P3^0;
sbit en=P3^1;
sbit SDA=P1^0; //data pin for ds1307 bi-directional bit
sbit SCL=P1^1; //clock pin for ds1307 output bit
sbit alarm_set=P1^2; //set alarm input bit
sbit alarm_beep=P1^3; //alarm indicator output bit
sbit next=P3^2; //increament digit
sbit inc=P3^3; //increament value input bit
sbit set=P3^4; //set time input bit
void set_time(); //time/date/day set function
void display(); //time/date/day display function
void alarm(); //alarm set function
char ack;
unsigned char day1=1;
unsigned char k,x;
unsigned int date=1, mon=1, year=0x14, hour=0, min=0, sec=0;
unsigned int alarm_min, alarm_hour;
void I2CStart()
{
SDA=1;SCL=1,SDA=0,SCL=0;
} //"start" function for communicate
with ds1307 RTC
void I2CStop()
{
SDA=0,SCL=1,SDA=1;
} //"stop" funci=tion for communicate
wit ds1307 RTC
unsigned char I2CSend(unsigned char Data) //send data to ds1307
{
char i;
static bit ack_bit;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
if(Data & 0x80) SDA=1;
else SDA=0;
SCL=1;
Data<<=1;
SCL=0;
}
SDA=1,SCL=1;
ack_bit=SDA;
SCL=0;
return ack_bit;
}
unsigned char I2CRead(char ack) //receive data from ds1307
{
unsigned char i, Data=0;
SDA=1;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
Data<<=1;
do{SCL=1;}
while(SCL==0);
if(SDA) Data|=1;
SCL=0;
}
if(ack)SDA=0;
else SDA=1;
SCL=1;
SCL=0;
SDA=1;
return Data;
}
void delay(unsigned int time) // delay function
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<time;i++)
for(j=0;j<1000;j++);}
void lcdcmd(unsigned char cmd) // send command to LCD
{
P2=cmd;
rs=0,en=1;
delay(2),en=0;
}
void lcddata(unsigned char item) //send data to LCD
{
P2=item;
rs=1,en=1;
delay(2),en=0;
}
void lcd_init() //LCD initialize
{
lcdcmd(0x38);
lcdcmd(0x06);
lcdcmd(0x0c);
}
void lcdnum(unsigned char convert) //convert data in to
ascii
{
lcddata(convert/16+48);
lcddata(convert%16+48);
}
void print(char *str) // print data/values on
LCD
{
while(*str!='\0')
{
lcddata(*str);
str++;
}
}
void day(char d) // Function for display day
on LCD
{
switch(d)
{
case 0:
print("DAY");
break;
case 1:
print("SUN");
break;
case 2:
print("MON");
break;
case 3:
print("TUE");
break;
case 4:
print("WED");
break;
case 5:
print("THU");
 break;
case 6:
print("FRI");
break;
case 7:
print("SAT");
break;
}
}
void main() // main function
{
lcd_init();
lcdcmd(0x80);
print("RTC clock by ");
lcdcmd(0xc0);
print("Saddam Khan ");
delay(300);
lcdcmd(0x01);
while(1)
{
if(set==0) // check time set button press
{
I2CStart();
I2CSend(0xD0);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CSend(0x01);
I2CSend(0x01);
I2CSend(0x01);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CSend(0x80);
I2CStop();
k=1;
set_time(); // call time set function
I2CStart();
I2CSend(0xD0);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CSend(min);
I2CSend(hour);
I2CSend(day1);
I2CSend(date);
I2CSend(mon);
I2CSend(year);
I2CSend(0x80);
I2CStop();
}
if(alarm_set==0) //check alarm set button press
{
alarm(); //call alarm set function
while(alarm_set==0);
k=5;
}
I2CStart();
 I2CSend(0xD0);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CStart();
I2CSend(0xD1);
sec=I2CRead(1);
min=I2CRead(1);
hour=I2CRead(1);
day1=I2CRead(1);
date=I2CRead(1);
mon=I2CRead(1);
year=I2CRead(1);
I2CStop();
lcdcmd(0x0c);
if(hour==alarm_hour && min==alarm_min) // check alarm time with
real time
{
k=7;
if(sec>88){k=0;} //k=0; remove alarm
alarm_beep=1; //alarm output set
}
else
{
alarm_beep=0; //alarm output reset
}
display(); //display time/date/day
delay(1);
}
}
void set_time() //time set function
{
lcdcmd(0x0e);
while(k<7)
{
while(k==3) //set date
{
x=year%4;
if(inc==0)
{
date++;while(inc==0);
if(date==10){date=date+6;} //covert decimal value into BCD
if(date==26){date=date+6;}
if(date==42){date=date+6;}
if(x==1 && mon==2 && date==41){date=1;} //check for 28 day
febuary
if(x==0 && mon==2 && date==48){date=1;} //check for 29 day
febuary
if((date==49) && (mon==4) || (mon==6) || (mon==9) ||
(mon==17)){date=1;
} // check for 30 day month
if(date==50){date=1;} // check for 31 day month
display();}
if(next==0){k=4;while(next==0);} //check for next digit
lcdcmd(0x81);
}
while(k==2) //set month
{
 if(inc==0)
{
mon++;while(inc==0);
if(mon==10){mon=mon+6;}
if(mon==19){mon=1;} //check for end of year
display();
}
if(next==0){k=3;while(next==0);}
lcdcmd(0x84);
}
while(k==1) //set year
{
if(inc==0)
{
year++;while(inc==0);
if(year==10){year=year+6;}
if(year==26){year=year+6;}
if(year==41){year=0;}
display();
}
if(next==0){k=2;while(next==0);}
lcdcmd(0x89);
}
while(k==4) //set day
{
if(inc==0)
{
day1++;while(inc==0);
if(day1==8){day1=1;}
display();
}
if(next==0){
k=5;while(next==0);
}
lcdcmd(0x8f);
}
while(k==5) //set hour
{
if(inc==0)
{
hour++;while(inc==0);
if(hour==10){
hour=hour+6;
}
if(hour==26){
hour=hour+6;
}
if(hour==36)
{
hour=0;
}
display();
}
if(next==0){
k=6;while(next==0);
}
 lcdcmd(0xc1);
}
while(k==6) //set min
{
if(inc==0)
{
min++;while(inc==0);
if(min==10)
{
min=min+6;
}
if(min==26)
{
min=min+6;
}
if(min==42){min=min+6;}
if(min==58){min=min+6;}
if(min==74){min=min+6;}
if(min==90){min=min+6;}
if(min==96){min=0;}
display();}
if(next==0){k=10;while(next==0);}
lcdcmd(0xc4);
}
}
}
void display() //function to display time/date/day on LCD
{
lcdcmd(0x80);
lcdnum(date);
lcdcmd(0x82);
print("-");
lcdcmd(0x83);
lcdnum(mon);
lcdcmd(0x85);
print("-20");
lcdcmd(0x88);
lcdnum(year);
lcdcmd(0x8a);
print(" ");
lcdcmd(0x8c);
day(day1);
lcdcmd(0xc0);
lcdnum(hour);
lcdcmd(0xc2);
print(":");
lcdcmd(0xc3);
lcdnum(min);
lcdcmd(0xc5);
print(":");
lcdcmd(0xc6);
lcdnum(sec);
if(k==7)
{
if(sec%2==0)
{
 lcdcmd(0xca);
print("ALARM");
}
else
{
print(" ");
}
}
else if(k==5)
{
lcdcmd(0xca);
print("ALARM");
}
else
{
lcdcmd(0xc8);
print(" ");
}
}
void alarm() // set alarm
{
unsigned int k=1;
alarm_hour=0, alarm_min=0;
hour=alarm_hour;
min=alarm_min;
lcdcmd(0x0e);
lcdcmd(0x01);
print("Set alarm ");
delay(200);
display();
while(k<3) //set hour for alarm
{
while(k==1)
{
if(inc==0)
{alarm_hour++;while(inc==0);
if(alarm_hour==10){alarm_hour=alarm_hour+6;}
if(alarm_hour==26){alarm_hour=alarm_hour+6;}
if(alarm_hour==36){alarm_hour=0;}
hour=alarm_hour;
display();}
if(next==0){k=2;while(next==0);}
lcdcmd(0xc1);
}
//set min for alarm
while(k==2)
{
if(inc==0)
{alarm_min++;while(inc==0);
if(alarm_min==10){alarm_min=alarm_min+6;}
if(alarm_min==26){alarm_min=alarm_min+6;}
if(alarm_min==42){alarm_min=alarm_min+6;}
if(alarm_min==58){alarm_min=alarm_min+6;}
if(alarm_min==74){alarm_min=alarm_min+6;}
if(alarm_min==90){alarm_min=alarm_min+6;}
if(alarm_min==96){alarm_min=0;}
 min=alarm_min;
display();}
if(next==0){k=3;while(next==0);}
lcdcmd(0xc4);
}
}
}

//without time and alarm set

#include<reg51.h>
sbit rs=P3^0;
sbit en=P3^1;
sbit SDA=P1^0;
sbit SCL=P1^1;
char ack;
char array[7];
void I2CStart(){SDA=1;SCL=1,SDA=0,SCL=0;}
void I2CStop(){SDA=0,SCL=1,SDA=1;}
unsigned char I2CSend(unsigned char Data)
{
char i;
static bit ack_bit;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
if(Data & 0x80) SDA=1;
else SDA=0;
SCL=1;
Data<<=1;
SCL=0;
}
SDA=1,SCL=1;
ack_bit=SDA;
SCL=0;
return ack_bit;
}
unsigned char I2CRead(char ack)
{
unsigned char i, Data=0;
SDA=1;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
Data<<=1;
do{SCL=1;}
while(SCL==0);
if(SDA) Data|=1;
SCL=0;
}
if(ack)SDA=0;
else SDA=1;
SCL=1;
SCL=0;
SDA=1;
return Data;
}
void delay(int time)
{unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<time;i++)
for(j=0;j<1000;j++);}
void LCD_command(unsigned char cmd)
{
P2=cmd;
rs=0,en=1;
delay(5),en=0;
}
void LCD_senddata(unsigned char item)
{
P2=item;
rs=1,en=1;
delay(1),en=0;
}
void LCD_init()
{
LCD_command(0x38);
LCD_command(0x06);
LCD_command(0x0c);
}
void LCD_sendnum(unsigned char khan)
{
LCD_senddata(khan/16+48);
LCD_senddata(khan%16+48);
}
void print(char *str)
{
while(*str!='\0')
{
LCD_senddata(*str);
str++;
}
}
void day(char d)
{
if(d==01)
print("SUN");
if(d==02)
print("MON");
if(d==03)
print("TUE");
if(d==04)
print("WED");
if(d==05)

print("THU");
if(d==06)
print("FRI");
if(d==07)
print("SAT");
 }
void main()
{
int s;
LCD_init();
LCD_command(0x80);
print("Saddam Khan");
delay(200);
LCD_command(0x01);
I2CStart();
I2CSend(0xD0);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CSend(0x01);
I2CSend(0x42);
I2CSend(0x17);
I2CSend(0x01);
I2CSend(0x12);
I2CSend(0x01);
I2CSend(0x14);
I2CSend(0x80);
I2CStop();
while(1)
{
I2CStart();
I2CSend(0xD0);
I2CSend(0x00);
I2CStart();
I2CSend(0xD1);
for(s=0;s<7;s++)
{array[s]=I2CRead(1);}
I2CStop();
LCD_command(0x80);
LCD_sendnum(array[4]);
print("-");
LCD_sendnum(array[5]);
print("-20");
LCD_sendnum(array[6]);
LCD_command(0x8c);
day(array[3]);
LCD_command(0xc0);
LCD_sendnum(array[2]);
print(":");
LCD_sendnum(array[1]);
print(":");
LCD_sendnum(array[0]);
LCD_command(0xc9);
}
}