Soil ReportS13000086 PDF

Al Khubaira Palace Fence Project
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................1

1.1 PURPOSE OF STUDY ...................................................................................................................................1
1.2 SCOPE OF WORKS ......................................................................................................................................1
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................1
3.0 SITE DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................................................................1
4.0 PREVAILING WEATHER CONDITIONS ...............................................................................................................3
5.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE AREA ..................................................................................................................4
5.1 HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETTING......................................................................................................................8
5.2 SABKHA ENVIRONMENT ...............................................................................................................................8
6.0 FIELD EXPLORATION ...........................................................................................................................................9
6.1 DRILLING.....................................................................................................................................................9
6.1.1 Sampling from Boreholes ...........................................................................................................9
6.1.2 Field Testing in Boreholes........................................................................................................10
7.0 LABORATORY TESTING.....................................................................................................................................12
8.0 SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................13
8.1 GROUND MATERIALS.................................................................................................................................13
8.2 PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES .................................................................................................13
8.3 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................................15
8.4 GROUND WATER AND CAVITIES.................................................................................................................15
9.0 GENERAL DISCUSSION FOR THE CHOICE OF SUITABLE FOUNDATIONS ................................................16
9.1 CHOICE OF THE TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS ....................................................................................................16
10.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................17
10.1 SHALLOW FOUNDATION ON NATURAL GROUND .........................................................................................17
10.1.1 Foundation Settlement .............................................................................................................17
10.2 EARTH PRESSURE PARAMETERS ..............................................................................................................18
10.3 EARTHWORKS AND SITE PREPARATIONS ...................................................................................................20
10.3.1 Excavation Methods .................................................................................................................20
10.3.2 Excavation, Side Slopes and/or Lateral Support System........................................................20
10.3.3 Dewatering................................................................................................................................20
10.3.4 Drainage ...................................................................................................................................20
10.3.5 Backfill Material and Compaction Criteria ................................................................................20
10.3.5.1 Structural Fill .............................................................................................................................20
10.3.5.2 General Fill................................................................................................................................21
10.4 FOUNDATION CONCRETE ..........................................................................................................................21
10.4.1 Analysis and Guidelines ...........................................................................................................21
10.4.2 Classification of Ground Condition...........................................................................................21
10.4.3 Concrete Quality for Resisting Chemical Attack ......................................................................22
10.4.4 Inspection during Foundation Excavation ................................................................................23
IMPORTANT NOTES ............................................................................................................................................23
S13000086-Rev. 0-Interpretative Report Page 1 of 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Contn)
List of Figures
Figure 1: Satellite Image of the Study Area ...........................................................................................................................2

Figure 2: Average Annual Rainfall Amounts for Abu Dhabi ..................................................................................................3
Figure 3: Geographical map of UAE ......................................................................................................................................4
Figure 4: General Stratigraphic column for Abu Dhabi area .................................................................................................6
Figure 5: Physiographic Regions of Abu Dhabi Emirate .......................................................................................................7
Figure 6: Graphical Presentation of SPT N-Values versus Elevation .................................................................................11
Figure 7: Graphical Presentation of UCS versus Elevation.................................................................................................14
List of Tables
Table 1: Details of the Drilled Boreholes ...............................................................................................................................9

Table 2: Summary of the Ground Materials Encountered ..................................................................................................13
Table 3: Ground Water Depth & Level.................................................................................................................................15
Table 5: Earth Pressure Parameters ...................................................................................................................................19
Table 6: Site Classification as per BRE SD1-2005..............................................................................................................21
Table 7: Recommendations For Foundation Concrete as per BRE SD1-2005 ..................................................................22
Table 8: Site Classification and Concrete Recommendations in view of CIRIA Publication C577, 2002 ..........................22
List of Appendices
APPENDIX A SITE PLAN & SUBSURFACE PROFILE
APPENDIX B LEGEND & LOGS OF BORING
Sec. B-1 Legend

Sec. B-2 Logs of Boring
APPENDIX C LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
Sec. C-1 Grading Curves, Atterberg Limits & Soil Classifications

Sec. C-2 Unconfined Compressive Strength Test Results
Sec. C-3 Chemical Test Results
APPENDIX D RECOMMENDATION FOR FOUNDATION CONCRETE
APPENDIX E CORE PHOTOGRAPHS
S13000086-Rev. 0-Interpretative Report Page 2 of 2

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Arab Center for Engineering Studies (ACES) was contracted for the geotechnical investigation works by Altorath
Engineering Consultant, Abu Dhabi, the main consultant of the project. The project is construction of Al Khubaira
Palace Fence, Abu Dhabi. The owner of the said project is M/S Tawazun.
This interpretative report describes the findings of the geotechnical investigation conducted at the proposed project site.
1.1 Purpose of Study
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the surface and subsurface conditions at the site and to determine the physical,
mechanical and chemical properties of the investigated ground in order to provide the structural engineer with sufficient
information for the design of the most suitable and safe foundation.
1.2 Scope of Works
The scope of works consists of the following:
1. Making inspection visits to the site to collect information about the present land use, surface topography,
geological features and surface drainage.
2. Drilling of four (4 Nos.) boreholes each drilled to a depth of 15.0m from the existing ground level, in-situ testing
and sampling of disturbed and undisturbed samples.
3. Carrying out the necessary physical, mechanical and chemical laboratory testing on soil, rock and ground water
samples.
4. Performing engineering analysis of the field and laboratory findings.
5. Developing conclusions and recommendations for the design and construction.
6. Providing detailed interpretative and comprehensive report.
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed project is the construction of approximately 800m long fence for Al Khubaira Palace in Abu Dhabi. The
fence will be decorative precast concrete boundary wall comprising of 3.5m high columns at an approximate distance of
3.0m and holding Arabic style decorated steel grating in between.
3.0 SITE DESCRIPTION
The Al Khubaira Palace site lies in Abu Dhabi adjacent to Zalamat Garden on Zayed the 1st Street (7th Street). A general
site plan showing the borehole locations within the project area is enclosed in Figure A-1, Appendix A. A typical
satellite image of the site under study is shown in Figure 1.
At the time of investigation, the site topography was generally flat.
No faults or other special geological features were observed at the site surface.
S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 1 of 23

Figure 1: Satellite Image of the Study Area

4.0 PREVAILING WEATHER CONDITIONS
The site is situated in Abu Dhabi, where a hot arid climate prevails. In hot arid climates evaporation exceeds precipitation
(i.e., rainfall and dewfall). This hot climate regime produces characteristic sandy desert terrains. Average annual rainfall
may only be a few centimeters (even only a few millimeters in some parts) which usually occurs seasonally and
o
sometimes only from a single cloudburst. Summer shade temperatures are frequently in excess of 40 C and humidity
may be around 100% near the coast. The contrast between maximum day and night temperatures and humidities is
often great. Strong persistent winds are normal in many areas. The unfavorable climate of Abu Dhabi imposes several
adverse conditions on the concrete structures, such as:
High temperatures and high seasonal changes.

High humidity and high changes in relative humidity.
Strong dry winds.
Condensation at night.
Windborne salt-laden dust.
High solar radiation.
The study area is a part of the coastal plane of the UAE along the Arabian Gulf, an area of an extremely hot and humid
climate. The peak temperatures may touch 50 degrees Centigrade during summer season. In winter season during the
months of January February, the temperature drops to around 15-20 degrees Centigrade. High humidity is prevalent
during peak summer with 80-100% relative humidity is a common occurance. Humidity is influenced by several factors
including winds, temperature and physiography. Humidity fluctuates according to temperature fluctuations and during
winter season when the temperatures are low, relative humidity is reduced to 20-50%. Regional winds are generally of
north-westerly, onshore wind pattern modified by convective circulation near the coast (R.J. Petterson and D.J.J.
Kinsman, 1981). North to northwest onshore winds, often strong during the day called Shamals are,accompanied by
hazy weather due to suspended dust. Rainfall is erratic and seasonal, usually occurring during winter months. On an
average, the area receives 30 to 40mm of rain annually but some years pass without rain. The average annual rainfall in
Abu Dhabi is shown in Figure 2, and the total monthly rainfall data is given in tabular form below Figure 2. The
evaporation rates for the Arabian Gulf are estimated by Privitt (1959) to be as much as 50.4 inches per year, compared
with a value of 39.6 inches for similar evaporate-forming environment (Godfrey P. Butler, 1969).
AVERAGE
Figure 2: Average Annual Rainfall Amounts for Abu Dhabi
Figure 2: Average Annual Rainfall Amounts for Abu Dhabi
Total Monthly Rainfall (mm) in Abu Dhabi

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean 22.0 13.9 17.7 5.8 0.4 0.0 1.7 0.3 0.0 0.5 1.2 9.1
Max. 68.1 87.1 60.5 56.2 Trace* 0 Trace* 3.6 0 5.5 13.9 54.9
*amount less than 0.05 mm

5.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE AREA
The emirate of Abu Dhabi has an onshore area of 77,700 square kilometers, compared to an approximate total area of
the entire UAE of 84,000 square kilometers. In addition to this onshore land, Abu Dhabi also covers some 30,000
square kilometers of offshore land in the form of scattered islands in the Arabian Gulf (see Figure 3).
Figure 3: Geographical map of UAE (Source: Web Page of lonely Planet, 2008)
Abu Dhabi is located on a broadly subsiding shelf dominated by a thick sedimentary formation. Excellent reservoir
rocks developed over wide areas with remarkable lateral continuity. Shale, anhydrites and limestone are equally
widespread, providing extremely efficient sealing mechanisms for the reservoir.
Major oil and gas reserves have been discovered in the emirate of Abu Dhabi since the 1950s, essentially in the
Cretaceous, Jurassic and Permian reservoirs.
Abu Dhabi lies on a broad synclinal area between the basement shield of the Arabian Peninsula and the up Thrust
Mountains of Oman's Musandam Peninsula. To the north, on the far side of the Arabian Gulf, the sedimentary basin is
controlled by the Zagros mountain front. Major warps on a north- south axis can be distinguished under the Ghawar
trend in Saudi Arabia and beneath the Qatar Arch. Within the territorial limits of Abu Dhabi there are few exposures of
rocks older than the Pleistocene and Recent sedimentary cover. Deep wells drilled have penetrated the pre-Khuff
Clastics of Permian and pre-Permian age. Lower Paleozoic salt, possibly Cambrian in age, is believed to underlie much
of Abu Dhabi, especially in the offshore. Salt structures similar to those exposed to the north in Iran are believed to
have been responsible for much of the structuration within the basin, uplifting younger rocks to form the traps for
hydrocarbons. The stratigraphic column of Abu Dhabi area as reported by Schlumberger, 1981, Louth and El Bishlawy,
1986, and Alsharh 1989) and presented in Figure 4.

The sedimentary succession from Permian to Recent consists almost entirely of limestone and dolomite rocks
interbedded with shales and evaporites. The pre-Permian does contain some coarser sandstone. The frequent
repetition of shallow-water limestone and sabkha-like deposits suggests that the type of conditions existing at present in
Abu Dhabi have occurred at regular intervals in the past. The Permian Khuff group is present in most of Abu Dhabi and
its territorial waters, mainly beneath the Umm Shaif and Abu Al Bukhoosh offshore oilfields.
During the Lower Tertiary, Abu Dhabi lay on the margins of a basin centred on the northern emirates. In the western
shelf deposition of dolomites, limestone and anhydrites of the Umm Er Radhuma, Rus and Dammam formations. The
Rus, like the older Hith anhydrite, loses its evaporites characteristics eastwards. All three formations pass laterally into
the basinal limestone of the Pabdeh formation in the east.
The Qatar Arch and the western part of Abu Dhabi were uplifted in the Early Oligocene and part of the Eocene was
eroded. During the following transgression, the Asmari limestone formation was deposited in the eastern portion of Abu
Dhabi, extending westwards to the edge of the Pabdeh basin. Succeeding Gachsaran and Mishan formations thickened
from west to east and comprise carbonates, anhydrites, marls and shales. During Late Miocene and Pliocene, the
Alpine Orogeny produced the Zagros and Oman mountains creating the structural framework seen today.
The Cretaceous: The succeeding Early Cretaceous Thamama rocks are dominated by shallow water carbonates of
remarkable, widespread homogeneity. These rocks are of significant commercial importance and comprise a series of
porous, clean, pellet and fossiliferous limestone with interbedded tight (often stylolitic lime) mudstones and packstones.
They comprise, in ascending order the Habshan, Lekhwair, Kharaib and Shuaiba formations. These are better known
by their informal oilfield nomenclature of Thamama Zones I to VI offshore, or Zones A to F onshore. (According to
oilfield practice the zones are numbered or lettered from top downwards in order of penetration). Shuaiba differs in that
it contains referral build-ups of rudists surrounded by dense basinal limestone of the Bab member.

M.Y.A
3.5
12
70
200
Figure 4: General Stratigraphic column for Abu Dhabi area (after Schlumberger, 1981;
Louth and El Bishlawy, 1986; and Alsharhan 1989)
A simple classification of geomorphology has been undertaken by the United States Geological Survey (USGS, 1996)
in accordance with regions of hydrological significance, as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Physiographic Regions of Abu Dhabi Emirate (USGS, 1996)
The area under investigation is characterized by a flat topography and represents part of the supratidal depositional
environment. No visible signs of karstic features or sinkholes were encountered during the site walkover survey carried
out by ACES. However subsurface cavities are commonly encountered along the coastal region of Abu Dhabi.
Subsurface cavities develop in carbonate rocks over a long period of time, as a result of dissolution and erosion of
soluble rock materials.

5.1 Hydrogeological Setting
Abu Dhabi Emirate occurs in the subtropical arid climatic zone and is exposed to oceanic effects of the Arabian Gulf
and Indian Ocean. Rainfall is erratic and unreliable. Groundwater, albeit mostly brackish and saline in quality, still
provides around 80% (ERWDA, 2003) of all water used in the Emirate. For many million years, the land beneath the
present day Emirate territory subsided as part of a large geologic basin within which large volumes of sediment were
deposited. The sediments character proves that the area was sometimes covered by a shallow seas, influenced by
tides and formation of tidal flats and was also sometimes above sea level. Layers of dolomite, limestone, slit and clay
were deposited in the seas and the tidal flats comprised layers of sand, silt, clay and evaporate. During terrestrial
conditions, streams deposited layers of gravel, sands, slit and clay (USGS, 1996). Thousands of meters of materials
accumulated within the geologic basin and eventually consolidated into the thick sequences of sedimentary limestone,
dolomite, evaporate, conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone and shales which underlie the Emirate today and form the
aquifers and aquicludes which provide for the present day groundwater resources development. Hyper aridity of
present-day intensity began only about 17,000 years ago (Brook et al, 2005). The current hydrographic situation is
characterized by the fact that not a single watercourse reaches the sea throughout the year. Current sea levels were
reached some 5000 years ago.
The subject site is part of the coastal flat sabkha paleodunes area. The groundwater condition is controlled by the
regional topography, climate, rainfall and drainage pattern. It falls within the interface of two main hydrological regimes;
the continental water discharge and the marine water incursion.
The coastal area of the Arabian Peninsular along the Gulf, forms the discharge area for the continental waters flowing
from the interiors. These continental waters meet the seawater of the Gulf at a very low velocity due to the low gradient
of the topography across the coastal plan. Groundwater table in the study area is very shallow, at places within few
kilometers inland from the shoreline, groundwater has been observed bonding on the surface. Seawater intrusion in the
low-lying areas is very common; however horizontal mixing needs to be investigated.
Recharging rainwater dissolves halite and other soluble minerals on the surface, causing the solution to become denser
and sink to the bottom of the aquifer where it vertically mixes with less dense ascending brines. Solutes are returned to
the surface by capillary forces and recycled or lost from the system by eolian or fluvial processes (Wood et al, 2002)
5.2 Sabkha Environment
Sabkha is the Arabic term for low-lying saline flats subject to periodic inundation. Three sabkha types are recognized,
based on their environment of formation. All are found in the UAE. Coastal sabkha, as the name implies, forms at or
near the marine shoreline. Fluvio-lacustrine (i.e. river-lake) sabkha is formed in association with fluvial drainage
patterns in arid areas. Inland or interdune sabkha is found in the low-lying basins within the sand desert.
All sabkhas share certain characteristics. Although they are restricted to hot, arid regions, the sabkha surface is always
very close to the local water table, usually within about a meter. Groundwater is drawn towards the surface by capillary
action and evaporates in the upper subsurface in response to the high temperatures. There it deposits dissolved salts,
including calcium carbonate, gypsum (CaSO4-2H2O), anhydrite (CaSO4) and sodium chloride or halite (NaCl), which
precipitate in that order. These salts create a hard, impermeable crust cover about half a meter thick. This crust, along
with high salinity, discourages all plant growth. The crust also impedes the drainage of surface water, so that after rains
the sabkha retains rain water on the surface for a considerable time before getting evaporated leaving behind a
dazzling white crust of salt. The superficial deposits of sabkha overlie interbedded Sandstones, Gypsiferous Mudstone,
Siltstone, Mudstone, Gypsum, Limestones, Calcisiltites, Siltstones & Conglomerates.

6.0 FIELD EXPLORATION
6.1 Drilling
From 23rd June to 24th June 2013, four (4 Nos.) boreholes were drilled at the project area. The boreholes are numbered
as BH-1 to BH-4. The boreholes location coordinates were provided by the client and located on the site by ACES
surveyor. The borehole locations are shown on the site plan in Figure A-1, Appendix A. Details of the drilled boreholes
are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Details of the Drilled Boreholes

Coordinates* Ground Level ** Drilled Depth
Sr. No. Borehole No.
Easting Northing (m) (m)
1 BH-1 229403.702 2707813.274 0.0
2 BH-2 229543.771 2707861.784 0.0 15.0
3 BH-3 229659.011 2707944.547 0.0
4 BH-4 229763.447 2708042.406 0.0
*Coordinates are referenced to WGS-84, Zone-40.
**Ground levels (elevations) are related to the nearest Asphalt as informed by the client.
The rotary drilling was executed by ARDCO type drilling rig using rotary coring equipments with mud circulation.
The borehole logs, detailing the reference number of borehole, the lithological description of the materials encountered
with depth, structural details of each layer, method of drilling, the results of the in-situ testing, the depth and elevation of
the boreholes and the depth of ground water table are presented in logs of boring, Appendix B, Sec. B-2.
6.1.1 Sampling from Boreholes
Split spoon, disturbed, and undisturbed samples were obtained from the boreholes. Disturbed samples using a split
barrel tube sampler were obtained where SPT was performed in the soil.
The undisturbed core samples were obtained using double tube core barrel of 76mm inside diameter. The samples
recovered were immediately examined, described, classified, identified and coded by ACES geotechnical engineers,
wrapped in water proof plastic sheets, placed in proper sequence in heavy duty wooden boxes, and taken to ACES
laboratories for testing and storage on the same day as soon as the drilling of the borehole was completed.
All samples were protected against weather conditions, until they had been transported to the laboratory for testing. Care
was taken during handling, packing, transporting, and storing of the samples to protect them against all possible
structural and moisture content alterations.
Photographs of retrieved core samples are provided in Appendix E.

6.1.2 Field Testing in Boreholes
Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) were performed at different depths in all boreholes to obtain approximate
consistencies and relative densities of the ground materials. The tests were performed in accordance with:
- B.S. 1377: Part 9: 1990 (Amd. 8264 - 95), `Determination of Penetration Resistance Using Split-Barrel Sampler (SPT)'.
The SPT consists of driving a Standard 50mm outside diameter split spoon sampler into soil at the bottom of a borehole,
using repeated blows of a 63.5kg hammer falling through 760mm. The SPT N value is the number of blows required to
achieve a penetration of 300mm, after an initial seating drive of 150mm.
The test results are shown on the logs of boring at the depths of the tests. The Standard Penetration Test is defined in
the legend to boring logs in Appendix B, Sec. B-1. Interpretation of the test results are also given in the legend.
Moreover graphical presentations of SPT versus Elevation for boreholes were prepared and presented in Figure 6.

SPT N-Values
1 4 10 30 50 100
0.0
Medium dense
Very dense
Very loose
Dense
Loose
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
ELEVATION w.r.t. nearest Asphalt (m)
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
-7.0
BH-1 BH-2 BH-3 BH-4
-8.0
Figure 6: Graphical Presentation of SPT N-Values versus Elevation

7.0 LABORATORY TESTING
In order to determine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the ground materials, laboratory tests were
performed on selected samples from boreholes.
Laboratory tests were performed according to the relevant American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Standards and/or British Standards (BS). The following photograph shows the tests that were carried out on the
collected soil and rock samples using the relevant standards.
The following BS and ASTM standards were used in the site investigation and for visual-manual and engineering
classification of soils:
1. BS 5930: 1999 "Code of Practice for Site Investigation".
2. Description of Soils, according to:

ASTM D 2488 - 06, Description & Identification of Soils (Visual Manual Procedure).
3. Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes, according to:

ASTM D 2487 - 06, Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes.
All laboratory tests results are presented in Appendix C.

8.0 SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS
8.1 Ground Materials
The encountered surface materials in the four borehole location were found to be similar and continuous as indicated by
the borehole logs. A general summary of the ground materials found at the site is presented in Table 2.
The generalized subsurface profile AA presented in Figure A-2, Appendix A. The locations of the section-line AA is
presented on the site plan in Figure A-1, Appendix A.
Table 2: Summary of the Ground Materials Encountered

Average Depth from the E.G.S. Geological Description
(m) and Classification of Materials
0.0 8.0 Medium dense, locally dense Poorly Graded SAND
8.0 15.0 Very weak to weak SANDSTONE/ Weak to moderately weak CALCARENITE
The detailed geologic description of the ground materials encountered at the site, the depth at which they were
encountered is given in the general subsurface profile shown in Appendix A, as well as in the logs of boring in
Appendix B, Sec. B-2.
8.2 Physical and Mechanical Properties
The physical and mehcanical properties of the encountered ground materials was determined by conducting laboratory
testing, the results of which are presenetd in Appendix C.
The sieve analysis and Atterberg limits test results are used to classify the soils according to ASTM D 2487 "Unified Soil
Classification". These test results are provided in Appendix C, Sec. C-1. To describe the relative density of the coarse
grained-soils and the quality and strength of the rocks, the tables given in the legend of boring logs in Appendix B,
Sec. B-1 are used. Engineering classifications and descriptions are also presented in the logs of borings.
Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of intact rock core specimens retrieved from the boreholes is determined and
their values are summarized in Appendix C, Sec. C-2. Moreover a graphical presentation of UCS versus elevation is
provided in Figure 7.

UCS Values (MPa)
0 1 1.25 5.0 10 12.5 50 100 1000

-7.0
Moderately Strong
Moderately Weak
Very Strong
Very Weak
Strong
Weak
-8.0
-9.0
ELEVATION w.r.t nearest Asphalt, m (NADD)
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
-13.0
-14.0
BH-1 BH-2
BH-3 BH-4
-15.0
Figure 7: Graphical Presentation of UCS versus Elevation

8.3 Chemical Properties
-
Selected soil and water samples are tested for Sulfate (SO42-) and Chloride (Cl ) contents along with their pH values and
the results are given in Appendix C, Sec.C-3.
8.4 Ground Water and Cavities
Ground water was encountered in the boreholes at depths as indicated in Table 3. However, these depths may be
subjected to tidal and seasonal variations or induced artificial effects.
Table 3: Ground Water Depth & Level

Ground Water Depth from
Water Table Level*
Sr. No. BH No. E.G.S.
(m)
(m)
1 BH-1 5.5 -5.5
2 BH-2 5.6 -5.6
3 BH-3 5.75 -5.75
4 BH-4 5.7 -5.7
* Levels are referenced to nearest Asphalt.
No cavities were encountered in any of the boreholes down to the drilled depths. However, 50% water loss in was
observed in borehole no. 4 from 8.0m to 10.0m depth from the existing ground surface.

9.0 GENERAL DISCUSSION FOR THE CHOICE OF SUITABLE FOUNDATIONS
In designing foundations, the engineer must satisfy two independent foundation stability requirements, which must be
met simultaneously:
1. There should be an adequate safety against shear failure within the soil mass, i.e., the working loads should
not exceed the allowable bearing capacity of the soil being built upon.
2. The probable maximum and differential settlements of the soil under any part of the foundations must be
limited to safe and tolerable limits.
9.1 Choice of the Type of Foundations
The choice of a particular type of foundation depends upon soil characteristics, presence of ground water at the site,
magnitude of the imposed loads, and type and imporantance of the project. One has to choose the type of foundation,
which is not merely safe but also economical.
For the particular site investigated herein, the following load and site conditions prevail:
1. The proposed project is expected to be of light loads due to the type of structure.
2. Ground water table is deep as inferred from Table 3.
3. The subsurface investigation results (Appendix B, Sec. B-2) indicate that shallow foundation can be suitable
to bear the loads imposed by the proposed structures.
According to the above mentioned conditions, Shallow Foundations (isolated footings and/ or strip footings) is
recommended. The required equipment, construction materials and experience for such foundations are locally
available.

10.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
From the field and laboratory investigations, subsurface conditions, engineering analysis and practical experience, it
can be concluded that the proposed structures can be satisfactorily supported by the ground at the site, provided that
the recommendations given in this report are taken into consideration.
10.1 Shallow Foundation on Natural Ground
For the area where shallow foundations can be considered on natural ground, the following recommendations shall be
followed:
The existing ground surface shall be excavated down to foundation level of 1.0m.The unsuitable materials,
such as roots, vegetation and any other foreign materials shall be scraped and removed from the site.
Any soft or unsuitable materials should be removed and replaced with selected granular fill materials. The
exposed subgrade shall be proof rolled by heavy vibratory roller.
Adopting the above procedure, the allowable bearing capacity of 1.0kg/cm2 can be considered for isolated
and/or strip footing.
Adequate cover of (min. 0.5m) backfill shall be provided above the top of the foundations to protect the
foundations ground from erosion and seasonal weather variation.
10.1.1 Foundation Settlement
Foundation settlement was checked, using the allowable bearing pressure value of 1.0kg/cm2 and found to be less
than the tolerable limit of 25mm for footings. Most of this settlement will take place during the construction period.

10.2 Earth Pressure Parameters
The lateral earth pressures vary directly with depth in either cohesionless or cohesive soil except when the backfill
supports a surcharge loading. This reflects a hydrostatic-pressure distribution, and it may therefore be considered that
the lateral pressure distribution is due to a fluid of unit weight such that the total pressure for the soil and the so-called
EQUIVALENT FLUID are the same. The unit weight of the equivalent fluid for cohesionless soil may be calculated as
follows by means of the Rankine equations.
For the resultant lateral force, write:

H2 H2
P= .K = w'
2 2
Where,
P = resultant lateral force

H = vertical height of wall
K = pressure coefficient
= unit weight of soil
w = unit weight of equivalent fluid
For the active pressure case ( K = K a )

1 sin
w '=
1 + sin
1 sin
i.e., K a = = tan 2 [45 / 2]
1 + sin
For the passive pressure case ( K = K p )

1 + sin
w '=
1 sin
1 + sin
i.e., K p = = tan 2 [45 + / 2]
1 sin
For the at-rest pressure case ( K = K 0 )

w= (1-sin )
i.e., K 0 = 1 sin (After Jacky 1948)
For the design of the thrust blocks in view of the applied thrust force; that thrust will be resisted by the sliding resistance
between the base and the soil, and by lateral passive pressure. Therefore,
H2
Thrust resistance = f v + Kp
2
Where:
f = the sliding coefficient
= tan (2/3 )
v = Summation of the dead vertical loads.
Soil parameters necessary for design of foundations for the different relative densities for soil materials are summarized
in Table 5.

Table 4: Earth Pressure Parameters (Estimated from N-values: S.P.T.)*

Estimated Coefficient
Estimated Assumed Earth Pressure
S.P.T. Angle of Friction
Bulk Cohesion Coefficient
Soil Type Range of Internal Between
Density* (c)
(N-Values) Friction** Soil and
(g/cm3) (kg/cm2)
(degrees) Footing Ka Kp Ko
Loose SAND 6-10 1.500 30 0.0 0.36 0.33 3.0 0.50
Medium
10 - 20 1.700 32 0.0 0.39 0.31 3.23 0.47
Dense SAND
Medium
20 - 30 1.750 34 0.0 0.42 0.28 3.54 0.44
Dense SAND
Dense SAND 30-40 1.800 37 0.0 0.46 0.25 4.0 0.40
Dense SAND 40-50 1.850 39 0.0 0.49 0.23 4.40 0.37
Very Dense
>50 2.000 41 0.0 0.52 0.21 4.81 0.34
SAND
* (Adopted from Bowles, Foundation Analysis And Design and Practical Experience).
** (After Peck, Hanson and Thornburn).

10.3 Earthworks and Site Preparations
10.3.1 Excavation Methods
It is expected that most of the excavation for foundations will be in the SANDY materials. Therefore, conventional
excavation equipment such as excavators, loaders and bulldozers will be sufficient for most of the excavation work.
10.3.2 Excavation, Side Slopes and/or Lateral Support System
Where space permits, the sides of the excavations shall be battered to a slope recommended in the table below:
Recommended Cut Slope (Horizontal :

Material Type SPT Range
Vertical)
Very Loose to Loose SAND 0 - 10 2:1
Medium Dense SAND 10 - 30 1.5 : 1
Dense SAND 30 - 50 1.3 : 1
Rock Materials - Vertical *
* Rock materials can be cut vertically for temporary purposes.
If these recommended side slopes cannot be achieved for insufficient lateral space or for any other reason, lateral
support system for the sides of the excavation (i.e. secant walls) will be required, to maintain safe working conditions,
and should be considered.
10.3.3 Dewatering
The excavation works for the foundation will be above the water table, so dewatering will not be required.
10.3.4 Drainage
It is recommended that proper and efficient surface drainage be provided at the location of the structures both during
and after construction. Surface water should be directed away from the edges of the excavation.
10.3.5 Backfill Material and Compaction Criteria
Most of the materials which will be excavated from the site consist of SANDY materials. SANDY materials will probably
be satisfactory for backfilling purposes. However, final decision shall be taken during construction.
10.3.5.1 Structural Fill
In the areas where structural fill under foundations is required (e.g., foundation, roads, etc.), then the materials to be
used shall be:
- Free of organic matter or other deleterious substances.
- Well graded granular mixture with no particles larger than 75mm.
- Materials passing sieve No.200 shall be less than or equal 20%.
- Materials should be non-plastic to slightly plastic (maximum PI value of 6).
- Materials under foundations shall be compacted to 95% of maximum dry density as obtained by modified
proctor (ASTMD 1557).
- Plate bearing test shall be carried out on fill as quality control measure to verify the required allowable bearing
pressure and total settlement criteria under foundations.

10.3.5.2 General Fill
In the areas where general filling is required (e.g., landscaping, slab-on-grade, area not loaded), then the materials to be
used shall be:
- Free of organic matter or other deleterious substances.
- Well graded granular mixture with no particles larger than 75mm.
- Materials passing sieve No.200 shall be less than or equal 35%.
- Plasticity index less than or equal to 15%.
- Liquid limit not more than 40%.
- Material shall be compacted to 95% of maximum dry density as obtained by standard proctor (ASTM D 698).
- Plate bearing test shall be carried out on fill as quality control measure to verify the required allowable bearing
pressure and total settlement criteria under foundations.
10.4 Foundation Concrete
10.4.1 Analysis and Guidelines
The sulfate (SO42-) and chloride (Cl-) contents of the tested soil sample was found to be 95.49mg/l and 0.01%. For the
tested ground water sample, the sulfate (SO42-) and chloride (Cl-) contents was found to be 342.45mg/l and 0.02%,
repectively. The pH value of the tested soil sample and water sample was 9.0 and 7.7, respectively. For the
comprehensive results of chemical analysis for soil and water samples, please refer to Appendix C, Sec. C-3. The
methodology of assessment of ground for chemical agents aggressive for concrete has been based on the publications
concerning assessment of exposure conditions and specification of concrete to resist chemical attack:
BRE Special Digest 1, 2005, Concrete in Aggressive Ground

CIRIA Publication C577, 2002, Guide to the construction of reinforced concrete in the Arabian Peninsula (CIRIA
C577).
Appendix D includes relevant extracts from the above referenced documents.
10.4.2 Classification of Ground Condition
The chemical constituents of ground water will not affect the foundation concrete because the ground water table was
found deep at an approximate depth of 5.5m below the existing ground level. Therefore, classification of the severity of
chemical attack was based solely on the soil sulphate content and pH value, as well as on the type of exposure
conditions. Natural soil and static ground water conditions were adopted in view of definitions of BRE Special Digest 1,
2005.
Accordingly, the site has been classified as follows:
Table 5: Site Classification as per BRE SD1-2005

Design Sulphate Aggressive Chemical Environment for
Location of Foundations Class Concrete Class
(DS-Class) (ACEC-Class)
Above Ground Water Level DS-1 AC-1s
Reference
BRE SD1-2005, Table C1
(See Appendix D)

10.4.3 Concrete Quality for Resisting Chemical Attack
In accordance to BRE Special Digest 1, 2005 and considering the existing site conditions and the prevailing hostile
climate in UAE, the following preliminary design chemical classification of concrete may be proposed, subject to the
following provisions:
- Cast in-situ concrete for general use, well compacted with no face exposed to air.
- Section thickness of concrete elements: 140-450mm.
- Intended working life of concrete element: not less than 100 years.
- Hydraulic gradient due to ground water: <5
Table 6: Recommendations For Foundation Concrete as per BRE SD1-2005

Design Additional
Recommended Cement Content &
Chemical Protective
Foundations Cement Water/Cement
Class Measure(s)
Group* Ratio
(DC Class) (APM)
Above Ground Water

DC-1 - A/B/C/D/E/F/G Select from
Level
Table D2,
BRE SD1-2005
Reference Table D1, Tables D2&D3, BRE
(See Appendix D ) BRE SD1-2005 SD1-2005
*Group G Cements (Sulphate Resistant Portland Cements), do not provide sufficient protection against chloride induced corrosion of concrete
reinforcement, hence, Group G cements, if specified, shall be used with caution in a case of significant chloride contamination.
The above classification does not reflect the significance of chloride ions in concrete surrounding. When chloride ion
contamination is significant, the site exposure conditions should be studied in conjunction with modified
recommendations for concrete mix design, based on local experience in the Gulf Region, CIRIA Publication C577, 2002,
Guide to the construction of reinforced concrete in the Arabian Peninsula- See Table below.
Table 7: Site Classification and Concrete Recommendations in view of CIRIA Publication C577, 2002
Minimum
Recom- Cementitious Maximum
Minimum cover
Chloride Exposure mended content for Free Water/ Additional
to reinforcement
Concentration Condition Cement 20mm Cement requirements
(mm)
Group aggregates Ratio*
(kg/m3 )
Portland
d(i) /d(ii) /
Negligible cement or 320-400 0.42 Tanking 40-50
d(iii)
additions
Table 5.1,
See Note[1] CIRIA Table 5.1, CIRIA C577
C577
Note[1]: There is no widely accepted view of the concentration at which the chlorides become significant in soil or ground water, but limited
experience in Gulf region suggests it may be as low as 0.05%, particularly in situation where alternative wetting and drying or capillary rise affect
the concrete.(Ref. CIRIA Special Publication 31( 1984)).
* On well supervised projects free-water/cement ratios down to 0.35 have successfully achieved using the latest generation of super-plasticizers.
Modified or confirmed design recommendations shall be a responsibility of the designer, who shall finalize the concrete
specification considering the intended working life of the structure, section thickness, hydrostatic pressure, any
restrictions or preferences with respect to additional protective measures (APM), any other design requirements to be
used for each concrete element.
The concrete mix design and construction details shall be in accordance to the project specifications. The project
specifications shall take precedence over the recommendations of this report.

10.4.4 Inspection during Foundation Excavation
The recommendations given in this project are based on the assumption that the subsurface materials and conditions do
not deviate appreciably from those disclosed in the borings.
However, there may be conditions pertaining to the site which were not disclosed by the investigation, due to the limited
number of boreholes, which therefore could not be taken into account. In such cases, our office should be notified,
immediately after foundation excavation and before foundation construction, to accordingly amend our
recommendations and to confirm that the required level is reached and all undesirable and loose materials are removed.
IMPORTANT NOTES
1. The ground water levels indicated on the logs of borings represents the measured levels at the time of
investigations. It should be noted, however, that ground water levels are subject to variation caused by tidal
and weather seasonal variations and by changes of local drainage and or pumping conditions, and it may at
times be significantly different to those measured during the investigation.
2. The recommendations and discussions presented in this report are based on the subsurface conditions
encountered during the site work at the time of investigation and on the result of the field and laboratory testing
on samples obtained from limited number of boreholes. There may be, however, conditions pertaining to the
site which have not been into account due to the limited number of boreholes.
3. The recommendations and discussions presented in this report considered preliminary and presented for
guidance purposes only. It is imperative that detailed design of the piles be carried out by competent and
experienced structural foundation engineer who may interpret the findings differently and adopt an alternative
engineering judgment.

APPENDIX A
SITE PLAN & SUBSURFACE PROFILE
S13000086
A'
A-
S13000086 Figure A-1: Site Plan Showing Borehole Locations Appendix A, Page 1/2
Generalized Subsurface Profile
SPT UCS Core SPT UCS Core SPT UCS Core SPT UCS Core
0
(N) (MPa) Recovery (N) (MPa) Recovery (N) (MPa) Recovery (N) (MPa)Recovery 0
16 29 15 10
-2 -2
28 36 16 43
25 19 33 31
-4 -4
16 21 25 10
-6 -6
32 41 41 24
Elevation (m)
(1.53) 27 32
-8 -8
92/23/15
(1.17) 78/50/41
(0.61) (1.73)
70/50/17
-10 96/65/50 -10

(1.48)
(6.54) (7.32)
(4.45)
95/80/78 94/90/87
-12 91/77/67 -12
(3.13)
(6.16)
97/95/95
(3.96)
-14 98/92/90 (2.71) 91/85/75 -14
94/94/94 99/87/84
(5.58) (4.08)
BH-1 BH-2 BH-3 BH-4

-16 -16
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Ground Water Table Distance Along Baseline (m)
Core Recovery: TCR/SCR/RQD
Boreholes Information
Project Name: Al Khubaira Palace Fence Project Fill Materials Sand
BH-No. Depth (m) Elev. (m)
Project Ref. No.: S13000086 Calcarenite Sandstone BH-1 15 0
BH-2 15 0
Location: Abu Dhabi, UAE
BH-3 15 0
Client: Altorath Engineering Consultant BH-4 15 0
Profile No.: A-A' Figure No.: A-2
S13000086 Appendix A, Page 2/2

APPENDIX B : LOGS OF BORING
CONTENTS
Sec.B-1 Legend to Logs of Boring
Sec.B-2 Logs of Boring
S13000086
APPENDIX B
SECTION B-1
LEGEND TO LOGS OF BORING
S13000086
Calcarenite
Peridotite
App.B, Sec.B-1, Page 1/2

Rock Strength
(BS 5930:1999)
Point Load
Unconfined
Strength (for 50
Compressive
Term Field Definition mm diameter
Strength
sample) Is(50)
(MPa)
(MPa)
Gravel size lumps can be crushed
Very weak <1.25 <0.05
between finger and thumb
Gravel size lumps can be broken in half
Weak 1.25 to 5 0.05 to 0.2
by heavy hand pressure
Moderately Only thin slabs, corners or edges can be
5 to 12.5 0.2 to 0.5
weak broken off with heavy hand pressure
Moderately When held in the hand, rock can be
12.5 to 50 0.5 to 2.0
strong broken by hammer blows
When resting on a solid surface, rock can
Strong 50 to 100 2.0 to 4.0
be broken by hammer blows
Very strong Rock chipped by heavy hammer blows 100 to 200 >4.0
Extremely Rock rings on hammer blows. Only
>200
strong broken by sledgehammer
App.B, Sec.B-1, Page 2/2

APPENDIX B
SECTION B-2
LOGS OF BORING
S13000086
Borehole Log
Project: Al Khubaira Palace Fence Project
Borehole No.
Project Ref. No.: S13000086
BH-1
Client: Altorath Engineering Consultant Sheet 1 of 2
Total Depth (m): 15 Drilling Method: Rotary Drilling Medium: Mud Core Dia. (mm): 76
Ground Level (m): 0.00 Boring Started: 24/06/2013 Boring Dia. (mm): 121 Casing Depth (m): N.U.
Coordinates: N= 2,707,813 Boring Completed: 24/06/2013 Casing Dia. (mm): N.U. Water Level (m): -5.50
E= 229,404 Rig: ARDCO III Driller: Madeh Water Depth (m): 5.5
Samples SPT Records Core Recovery
Depth Reduced
Scale Field Records UCS
(m) Type and Depth N TCR SCR RQD Description of Strata (Thickness) Level Legend
Number (m) 0-15 15-30 30-45 FI (MPa) (m) (m)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Blows (%) (%) (%)
Poorly graded SAND (SP): Dry to moist,

yellowish gray, fine grained, non plastic (Fill).
TB1 0-1 (1.00)
1 -1.00
1
SPT1 1 - 1.5 5 7 9 16 Poorly graded SAND (SP): Moist to wet, light
yellowish gray, fine to medium grained, non
plastic, medium dense to dense.
TB2 1.5 - 2
2
SPT2 2 - 2.5 9 13 15 28
TB3 2.5 - 3
3
SPT3 3 - 3.5 5 11 14 25
4 TB4 3.5 - 4.5 (6.00)
SPT4 4.5 - 5 4 7 9 16
5
TB5 5-6
6
SPT5 6 - 6.5 8 14 18 32
TB6 6.5 - 7
7 -7.00
7
CALCARENITE: Weak, light yellowish gray,
moderately fractured, moderately weathered,
voids up to 20mm.
1.53
8
*8.10m-9.70m: Vertical fracture.
CS1 7 - 10 92 23 15
Undisturbed Sample Key: Disturbed Sample Key: Abbreviations:

Remarks:
Ground Water Table
CS: Core Sample TB: Tricone Bit * The samples were described in accordance with
TCR: Total Core Recovery
appropriate standards (BS 5930; ASTM D2488).
SPT:Standard SCR: Solid Core Recovery *Coordinates in WGS-84 and elevations are w.r.t. nearest
DB: Drive Barrel
Penetration Test RQD: Rock Quality Designation Asphalt.
AU:Auger FI: Fracture Index
SH: Shelby Tube
UCS:Unconfined Comp. Strength
HPD: High Pressure N.U.: Not Used
Dilatomer
ND: Not Determined
Logged By: Geo Anwar Checked By: Dr. Sonal
App. B, Sec. B-2 Page 1/8
Borehole Log
Borehole No.
BH-1
Depth Reduced
Number (m) 0-15 15-30 30-45 FI (MPa) (m) (m)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Blows (%) (%) (%)
1.48 CALCARENITE: Weak to moderately weak,

light yellowish gray, moderately fractured,
moderately weathered, voids up to 20mm.
11 (8.00)
CS2 10 - 13 95 80 78
12
3.13
13
14 CS3 13 - 15 98 92 90
5.58
END OF BORING (15.0m) 15 -15.00

15

Remarks:
Ground Water Table
DB: Drive Barrel
SH: Shelby Tube
Dilatomer
ND: Not Determined
Borehole Log
Borehole No.
BH-2
E= 229,544 Rig: ARDCO IV Driller: Ali Water Depth (m): 5.6
Depth Reduced
Number (m) 0-15 15-30 30-45 FI (MPa) (m) (m)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Blows (%) (%) (%)
Poorly graded SAND (SP): Dry to moist, light

TB1 0-1 plastic (Fill). (1.00)
1 -1.00
1
plastic, medium dense, locally dense.
TB1 1.5 - 2
2
SPT2 2 - 2.5 9 15 21 36
TB2 2.5 - 3
3
SPT3 3 - 3.5 6 9 10 19 (4.50)
4 TB3 3.5 - 4.5
SPT4 4.5 - 5 7 10 11 21
5
5.5 -5.50
TB4 5-6
Poorly graded SAND (SP): Wet, light
6 plastic, dense.
SPT5 6 - 6.5 13 17 24 41
(2.00)
7 TB5 6.5 - 7.5
7.5 -7.50
SANDSTONE: Dark gray, fine grained,
moderately fractured, moderately weathered.
8 (1.10)
8.6 -8.60
CS1 7.5 - 10 78 50 41 1.17
CALCARENITE: Very weak, light yellowish
9 gray, moderately fractured, moderately
weathered, voids up to 10mm.

Remarks:
Ground Water Table
DB: Drive Barrel
SH: Shelby Tube
Dilatomer
ND: Not Determined
Borehole Log
Borehole No.
BH-2
Depth Reduced
Number (m) 0-15 15-30 30-45 FI (MPa) (m) (m)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Blows (%) (%) (%)
CALCARENITE: Moderately weak to weak,

11 6.54
CS2 10 - 13 94 90 87
(6.40)
12
13
14 CS3 13 - 15 91 85 75 2.71
END OF BORING (15.0m) 15 -15.00

15

Remarks:
Ground Water Table
DB: Drive Barrel
SH: Shelby Tube
Dilatomer
ND: Not Determined
Borehole Log
Borehole No.
BH-3
Depth Reduced
Number (m) 0-15 15-30 30-45 FI (MPa) (m) (m)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Blows (%) (%) (%)

yellowish gray, fine grained, non plastic (Fill).
TB1 0-1 (1.00)
1 -1.00
1
yellowish gray to dark gray, fine to medium
grained, non plastic, medium dense, locally
TB2 1.5 - 2 dense.
2
SPT2 2 - 2.5 6 7 9 16
TB3 2.5 - 3
3
SPT3 3 - 3.5 13 15 18 33
4 TB4 3.5 - 4.5
SPT4 4.5 - 5 10 13 12 25 (7.50)

5
TB5 5-6
6
SPT5 6 - 6.5 15 19 22 41
7 TB6 6.5 - 7.5
SPT6 7.5 - 8 8 12 15 27
8
TB7 8 - 8.5
8.5 -8.50
SANDSTONE: Very weak, dark gray, fine
grained, moderately fractured, moderately
9 0.61
weathered, locally laminated.
(1.45)
9.95 -9.95
Remarks:
Ground Water Table
DB: Drive Barrel
SH: Shelby Tube
Dilatomer
ND: Not Determined
Borehole Log
Borehole No.
BH-3
Depth Reduced
Number (m) 0-15 15-30 30-45 FI (MPa) (m) (m)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Blows (%) (%) (%)
CS1 8.5 - 11.5 96 65 50
CALCARENITE: Weak, light yellowish gray,
voids up to 10mm.
11
4.45
12
(5.05)
13 CS2 11.5 - 14.5 97 95 95
3.96
14
CS3 13.5 - 15 94 94 94
END OF BORING (15.0m) 15 -15.00

15

Remarks:
Ground Water Table
DB: Drive Barrel
SH: Shelby Tube
Dilatomer
ND: Not Determined
Borehole Log
Borehole No.
BH-4
Depth Reduced
Number (m) 0-15 15-30 30-45 FI (MPa) (m) (m)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Blows (%) (%) (%)

TB1 0-1 plastic, medium dense (Fill). (1.00)
1 -1.00
1
plastic, medium dense, locally dense.
TB2 1.5 - 2
2
SPT2 2 - 2.5 12 19 24 43
TB3 2.5 - 3
3
SPT3 3 - 3.5 9 11 20 31
4 TB4 3.5 - 4.5 (6.00)
SPT4 4.5 - 5 4 5 5 10
5
TB5 5-6
6
SPT5 6 - 6.5 6 10 14 24
7 -7.00
7 TB6 6.5 - 7.5
Poorly graded SAND (SP): Wet, light
plastic, dense. (1.00)
SPT6 7.5 - 8 8 13 19 32
8 -8.00
8
SANDSTONE: Weak, dark gray, fine grained,
locally laminated.
(1.75)
9 1.73
CS1 8 - 10.5 70 50 17
9.75 -9.75
Ditto as from 10.0m to 15.0m
Remarks:
Ground Water Table
DB: Drive Barrel
FI: Fracture Index *0.0m-1.5m: Trial pit was excavated to check for existing
SH: Shelby Tube AU:Auger underground services.
UCS:Unconfined Comp. Strength *50% Water loss from 8.0m-10.0m
Dilatomer
ND: Not Determined
Borehole Log
Borehole No.
BH-4
Depth Reduced
Number (m) 0-15 15-30 30-45 FI (MPa) (m) (m)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Blows (%) (%) (%)
CALCARENITE: Moderately weak to weak,

7.32
11
12 CS2 10.5 - 13.5 91 77 67
(5.25)
6.16
13
14
CS3 13.5 - 15 99 87 84
4.08
END OF BORING (15.0m) 15 -15.00

15

Remarks:
Ground Water Table
DB: Drive Barrel
FI: Fracture Index *0.0m-1.5m: Trial pit was excavated to check for existing
SH: Shelby Tube AU:Auger underground services.
UCS:Unconfined Comp. Strength *50% Water loss from 8.0m-10.0m
Dilatomer
ND: Not Determined
APPENDIX C: LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
CONTENTS
Sec.C-1 Grading Curves, Atterberg Limits & Soil Classifications
Sec.C-2 Unconfined Compressive Strength Test Results
Sec.C-3 Chemical Test Results
S13000086
APPENDIX C
SECTION C-1
GRADING CURVES, ATTERBERG LIMITS & SOIL CLASSIFICATIONS
S13000086
GRAIN - SIZE DISTRIBUTION

U.S. STANDARD SIEVE OPENING SIZE U.S. STANDARD SIEVE NUMBER HYDROMETER
HYDROMETER
HYDROMETER
1
6"5"
6"5" 3"
3" 11/2"" 3/4"
3/4" 3/8"
3/8" 44 10
10 20
20 40
40 8080100
100 200
200
100
90
80
70
PERCENT PASSING
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
75.0
0.075
0.019
0.006
0.006
0.003
0.003
0.425
0.001
37.5
0.075
0.037
0.01
19.0
4.75
0.85
0.425
19.0
0.15
152
75.0
37.5
4.75
0.85
0.15
0.18
9.5
2.0
9.5
2.0
DIAMETER OF
DIAMETER OF PARTICLE
PARTICLE IN
IN MILLIMETERS
MILLIMETERS
GRAVEL SAND
COBBLES SILT OR CLAY
COARSE FINE COARSE MEDIUM FINE
BOREHOLES DEPTH
SYMBOL LIQUID LIMIT PLASTIC LIMIT PLASTICITY INDEX CLASSIFICATION
No. (m)
BH-1 1.0 - - N.P. SP
S13000086 FIGURE No.C-1 App. C, Sec. C-1, Page 1/4


HYDROMETER
HYDROMETER
1
6"5" 3" 1 /2 " 3/4" 3/8" 4 10 20 40 80 100 200
100
90
80
70
PERCENT PASSING
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
75.0
0.075
0.019
0.006
0.006
0.003
0.003
37.5
0.425
0.001
0.075
0.037
0.01
19.0
4.75
0.85
0.425
152
19.0
0.15
75.0
37.5
4.75
0.85
0.15
9.5
2.0
0.18
9.5
2.0
DIAMETER
DIAMETER OF
OF PARTICLE
PARTICLE IN
IN MILLIMETERS
MILLIMETERS
GRAVEL SAND
BOREHOLES DEPTH
No. (m)
BH-2 2.0 - - N.P. SP


HYDROMETER
HYDROMETER
1
6"5" 3" 1 /2 " 3/4" 3/8" 4 10 20 40 80 100 200
100
90
80
70
PERCENT PASSING
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
75.0
0.075
0.019
0.006
0.006
0.003
0.003
37.5
0.425
0.001
0.075
0.037
0.01
19.0
4.75
0.85
0.425
152
19.0
0.15
75.0
37.5
4.75
0.85
0.15
9.5
2.0
0.18
9.5
2.0
DIAMETER
DIAMETER OF
OF PARTICLE
PARTICLE IN
IN MILLIMETERS
MILLIMETERS
GRAVEL SAND
BOREHOLES DEPTH
No. (m)
BH-3 3.0 - - N.P. SP


HYDROMETER
HYDROMETER
1
6"5"
6"5" 3"
3" 11/2"" 3/4"
3/4" 3/8"
3/8" 44 10
10 20
20 40
40 8080100
100 200
200
100
90
80
70
PERCENT PASSING
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
75.0
0.075
0.019
0.006
0.006
0.003
0.003
0.425
0.001
37.5
0.075
0.037
0.01
19.0
4.75
0.85
0.425
19.0
0.15
152
75.0
37.5
4.75
0.85
0.15
0.18
9.5
2.0
9.5
2.0
DIAMETER OF
DIAMETER OF PARTICLE
PARTICLE IN
IN MILLIMETERS
MILLIMETERS
GRAVEL SAND
BOREHOLES DEPTH
No. (m)
BH-4 2.0 - - N.P. SP

APPENDIX C
SECTION C-2
UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS
S13000086
TABLE No. C-2

REPORT ON UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF INTACT ROCK CORE SPECIMENS
Job No.: S1300086
Date Reported: 02/07/2013
Client : Altorath Engineering Consultant
Project Name : Al Khubaira Palace Fence Project
Location : Abu Dhabi
Sample Description : ROCK CORE
Sample Preparation : ASTM D 4543 - 01 (Best effort dimensional conformance)
Test Method : ASTM D 2938-95
Test Method Var. : Nil
Date Tested : 21/05/2013
Tested By : Santosh
Side Diameter Unconfined

Source / Sample End Flatness Perpendicularity Length of Moisture Wet Dry Rate of Temperature Length /
Lithological Straightness of Moisture Compressive Failure
Borehole Depth (Procedure B) (Procedure B) Specimen Content Density Density Loading at Test Diameter
Description (Procedure A) specimen Condition Strength Mode *
No Ratio
(m) (mm) (m) (/L) (mm) (mm) (%) (Mg/m) (Mg/m) (mm/min) (C) (MPa)
BH-1 7.80 CALCARENITE 0.40 - 0.0026 79.00 167.25 As Received 16.5 1.784 1.531 0.25 23 2.1 1.53 B
BH-3 8.95 SANDSTONE 0.45 - 0.0026 75.25 129.75 As Received 13.1 1.858 1.643 0.25 23 1.7 0.61 B
BH-4 9.00 SANDSTONE 0.35 - 0.0023 77.25 126.00 As Received 12.3 1.812 1.614 0.50 23 1.6 1.73 A
Remarks: The test results represent the tested specimen only
*Failure Mode Paterns:
Type A Type B Type C Type D
App. D, Sec.D-2, Page 1/1

APPENDIX C
SECTION C-3
CHEMICAL TEST RESULTS
S13000086
TABLE NO. C-3

SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL TEST RESULTS
SULPHATE CONTENT CHLORIDE CONTENT
In Soil In Soil
Borehole/ Sample In Ground In Ground
2:1 water/soil 2:1 water/soil pH
Sample Depth Water Water
extract extract VALUE
No (m)
as SO4 as SO4 as Cl- as Cl-
(mg/L) (mg/L) (%) (% by wt.)
BH-2 2.0 - 95.49 - 0.01 9.0
BH-3 Water 342.45 - 0.02 - 7.7
* According to BS 1377: Part 3: 1990 (Amd. 9028-96)

**According to ASTM D512 - 89 (04)
S13000086 App. C, Sec. C-3, Page 1/1

APPENDIX D
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOUNDATION CONCRETE
S13000086
Recommendations for Foundation Concrete

-References Matrix-
Page Number
STAGE REFERENCE* (This Appendix)
Determine DS & ACEC BRE SD1, 3

1
Class T able C1
Determine Intended Working Life

of Concrete Elem ent
BRE SD1, 4
T able D1
Determine T hickness of
2 Concrete Element
Determine Hydrostatic Head
Determine DC Class & BRE SD1, 4

Number of APM T able D1
3
BRE SD1,
Select T ype of APM
T able D4 4
BRE SD1,
Adjusted DC Class
T able D1 4
4
Cement or Combination BRE SD1,

Group T able D2,D3 5 6
Finalize exposure
Recomme ndations conditions considering CIRIA, T able 5.1
5 for Foundations & 5.2
7
chloride content and
Concrete Mix Criteria local experience
* References: BRE SD1, 2005 - Concrete in Aggressive Ground

CIRIA C577-2002, Guide to the Construction of Reinforced Concrete in the Arabian Peninsula
Appendix D, Page 1/7

Introduction
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHEMICAL ATTACK ON BURIED CONCRETE
Sulphate Attack
Sulphate attack to concrete is caused by the presence of a high sulphate content either by the ingress from
the sulphate of the surrounding environment such as foundations soils or ground water, or by the presence
of sulphate in the concrete ingredients. The attack results in a considerable internal expansion which may
lead to crack and disintegration of the concrete. This effect can be reduced by use of selected cements or
by suitable protection of the concrete.
Chloride Attack
The primary cause of serious deterioration in reinforced concrete is corrosion of the reinforcement, due to
attack by chlorides, present in concrete either within concrete aggregate and mixing water, or through
penetration from surrounding environment. Since chloride induced reinforcement corrosion can only
occur in the presence of oxygen and water, the risk of corrosion can be reduced by control of chloride in
concreting materials and by ensuring adequacy, integrity and impermeability of the concrete cover.
Resistance to chlorides penetration is influenced by cement chemistry and concrete quality. In general,
Portland cement with a high C3A is more resistant to chloride penetration than Portland cement with a
low C3A content. The following approaches are recommended by CIRIA Publication C577, 2002, Guide
to the construction of reinforced concrete in the Arabian Peninsula, Table 6.1, for reducing the
penetration of chlorides:
Approach: Method:
Concrete Mix Design Selection of Cement Type

Water Cement ratio
Use of additions:
Pulverised fuel ash
Ground Granulated blastfurnace slag
Silica Fume
Other measures Controlled permeability formwork

Coatings
Hydrophobic treatment of the concrete
Chloride and Sulphate Attack
For reinforced concrete in the ground the need for protection from chlorides must be balanced with the
need for protection from sulphates and where necessary a cement resistant to both sulphates and chlorides
should be used .The usual course is to use a cement giving best protection against chlorides and to prevent
sulphate ingress by tanking (coating with impervious material) the surface of concrete. In every case the
need for good quality concrete with low permeability is paramount.
In the case where both sulphates & chlorides occur together, the designer should consider low water
cement ratio, high strength, suitable type of cement, use of epoxy or zinc coated reinforcement bars and
concrete cover with adequate thickness, impermeability & integrity. In such cases the site exposure
conditions should be studied in conjunction with modified recommendations for concrete mix design,
based on local experience in the Gulf Region, C577, 2002, Guide to the construction of reinforced
concrete in the Arabian Peninsula.

BRE Special Digest 1, 2005

Concrete in Aggressive Ground
EXTRACT
Table C1 Aggressive Chemical Environment for Concrete (ACEC) classification for natural ground locations a
Sulfate Groundwater ACEC
Design Sulfate 2:1 water/soil Groundwater Total potential Static Mobile Class for
Class for location extract b sulfate c water water location
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(SO4 mg/ l) (SO4 mg/ l) (SO4 %) (pH) (pH)
DS-1 < 500 < 400 < 0.24 * 2.5 AC-1s

> 5.5 d AC-1d
2.55.5 AC-2z
DS-2 5001500 4001400 0.240.6 > 3.5 AC-1s
> 5.5 AC-2
2.53.5 AC-2s
2.55.5 AC-3z
DS-3 16003000 15003000 0.71.2 > 3.5 AC-2s
> 5.5 AC-3
2.53.5 AC-3s
2.55.5 AC-4
DS-4 31006000 31006000 1.32.4 > 3.5 AC-3s
> 5.5 AC-4
2.53.5 AC-4s
2.55.5 AC-5
DS-5 > 6000 > 6000 > 2.4 > 3.5 AC-4s
2.53.5 * 2.5 AC-5
Notes
a Applies to locations on sites that comprise either undisturbed ground that is in its natural state (ie is not brownfield Table C2) or clean fill derived from such ground.
b The limits of Design Sulfate Classes based on 2:1 water/soil extracts have been lowered relative to previous Digests (Box C7).
c Applies only to locations where concrete will be exposed to sulfate ions (SO4) which may result from the oxidation of sulfides (eg pyrite) following ground disturbance
(Appendix A1 and Box C8).
d For flowing water that is potentially aggressive to concrete owing to high purity or an aggressive carbon dioxide level greater than 15 mg/l (Section C2.2.3), increase the
ACEC Class to AC-2z.
Explanation of suffix symbols to ACEC Class
Suffix s indicates that the water has been classified as static.
Concrete placed in ACEC Classes that include the suffix z primarily have to resist acid conditions and may be made with any of the cements or combinations listed in
Table D2 on page 42.


EXTRACT
Table D1 Selection of the DC Class and the number of APMs for concrete elements where the hydraulic gradient due to
groundwater is 5 or less: for general in-situ use of concrete a,b,c
ACEC Class Intended working life
(from Tables C1 and C2) At least 50 yearsd,e At least 100 years
AC-1s, AC-1 DC-1 DC-1

AC-2s, AC-2 DC-2 DC-2
AC-2z DC-2z DC-2z
AC-3s DC-3 DC-3
AC-3z DC-3z DC-3z
AC-3 DC-3 DC-3 + one APM of choice
AC-4s DC-4 DC-4
AC-4z DC-4z DC-4z
AC-4 DC-4 DC-4 + one APM of choice
AC-4ms DC-4m DC-4m
AC-4m DC-4m DC-4m + one APM of choice
AC-5z DC-4z + APM3 f DC-4z + APM3 f
AC-5 DC-4 + APM3 f DC-4 + APM3 f
f
AC-5m DC-4m + APM3 DC-4m + APM3 f
For specification of DC Class, see Table D2. For choice of additional protective measures, see Table D4.
Notes
a Where the hydraulic gradient across a concrete element is greater than 5, one step in DC Class or one APM over and above the number indicated in this table should be
applied except where the original provisions included APM3. Where APM3 is already required, or has been selected, an extra APM is not needed.
b A section thickness of 140 mm or less should be avoided in in-situ construction but, where this is not practical, apply one step higher DC Class or an extra APM except
where the original provisions included APM3. Where APM3 is already required, or has been selected, an extra APM is not necessary.
c Where a section thickness greater than 450 mm is used and some surface chemical attack is acceptable, a relaxation of one step in DC Class may be applied.
For reinforced concrete, the cover should be sufficiently thick to allow for estimated surface degradation during the intended working life (Section D6.5).
d Foundations of low-rise housing that have an intended working life of at least 100 years may be constructed with concrete selected from the column headed At least
50 years (Section D7).
e Structures with an intended working life of at least 50 years but for which the consequences of failure would be relatively serious, should be classed as having an
intended working life of at least 100 years for the selection of the DC Class and APM (Section D7).
f Where APM3 is not practical, see Section D6.1 for guidance.
Explanation of suffix symbols to DC Class

Concrete placed in ACEC Classes that include the suffix z primarily must resist acid conditions and may be made with any of the cements listed in Table D2.
Suffix m relates to the higher levels of magnesium in DS Classes 4 and 5.
Table D4 Options available to provide additional protective

measures for buried concrete
Option code Additional protective measure (APM)
APM1 Enhance concrete quality (Section D6.2)

APM2 Use controlled permeability formwork (Section D6.3)
APM3 Provide surface protection (Section D6.4)
APM4 Provide a sacrificial layer (Section D6.5)
APM5 Address drainage of site (Section D6.6)


EXTRACT
Table D2 Concrete qualities to resist chemical attack for the general use of in-situ concrete: limiting values for composition
DC Class Maximum Minimum cement or combination content (kg/m3) Recommended cement and
free-water/cement for maximum aggregate size of: combination group
or combination ratio * 40 mm 20 mm 14 mm 10 mm
DC-1 A to G inclusive
DC-2 0.55 300 320 340 360 D, E, F
0.50 320 340 360 380 A, G
0.45 340 360 380 380 B
0.40 360 380 380 380 C
DC-2z 0.55 300 320 340 360 A to G inclusive
DC-3 0.50 320 340 360 380 F
0.45 340 360 380 380 E
0.40 360 380 380 380 D, G
DC-4 0.45 340 360 380 380 F
0.40 360 380 380 380 E
0.35 380 380 380 380 D, G
DC-4m 0.45 340 360 380 380 F
Grouped cements and combinations
Cements Combinations
A CEM I, CEM II/A-D, CEM II/A-Q, CEM II/A-S, CEM II/B-S, CEM II/A-V, CIIA-V, CIIB-V, CII-S, CIIIA, CIIIB, CIIA-D,
CEM II/B-V, CEM III/A, CEM III/B CIIA-Q
B CEM II/A-La, CEM II/A-LLa CIIA-La, CIIA-LLa
C CEM II/A-La, CEM II/A-LLa CIIA-La, CIIA-LLa
D CEM II/B-V+SR, CEM III/A+SR CIIB-V+SR, CIIIA+SR
E CEM IV/B (V), VLH IV/B (V) CIVB-V
F CEM III/B+SR CIIIB+SR
G SRPC
For cement and combination types, compositional restrictions and relevant Standards, see Table D3.
Note
a The classification is B if the cement/combination strength class is 42,5 or higher and C if it is 32,5.


EXTRACT
Table D3 Cements and combinations for use in Table D2

Type Designation Standard Grouping with
respect to sulfate
resistance
Portland cement CEM I BS EN 197-1 A

Portland-silica fume cement CEM II/A-D BS EN 197-1 A
Portland-limestone cement CEM II/A-L BS EN 197-1 B or C a
a
CEM II/A-LL BS EN 197-1 B a or C a

b
Portland-pozzolana cement CEM II/A-Q BS EN 197-1 A
Portland-slag cements CEM II/A-S BS EN 197-1 A
CEM II/B-S BS EN 197-1 A
Portland-fly ash cements CEM II/A-V BS EN 197-1 A
CEM II/B-V c BS EN 197-1 A
CEM II/B-V+SR d BS EN 197-1 D
e
Blastfurnace cements CEM III/A BS EN 197-1 A
BS EN 197-4 A
CEM III/A+SR f BS EN 197-1 D
BS EN 197-4 D
CEM III/B BS EN 197-1 A
BS EN 197-4 A
CEM III/B+SR f BS EN 197-1 F
BS EN 197-4 F
g,h
Pozzolanic cement CEM IV/B (V) BS EN 197-1 E
Very low heat pozzolanic cement VLH IV/B (V) BS EN 14216 E
Sulfate-resisting Portland cement SRPC BS 4027 G
Combinations conforming to BS 8500-2, Annex A, manufactured in the
concrete mixer from Portland cement and fly ash, pfa, ggbs or limestone fines:
CEM I cement conforming to BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 6 to 20 % CIIA-V BS 8500-2, Annex A A
of combination of fly ash conforming to BS EN 450 or pfa conforming to BS 3892-1
CEM I cement conforming to BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 21 to 35 % CIIB-V c BS 8500-2, Annex A A
d
of combination of fly ash conforming to BS EN 450 or pfa conforming to BS 3892-1 CIIB-V+SR BS 8500-2, Annex A D
CEM I cement conforming to BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 36 to 55 % CIVB-V BS 8500-2, Annex A E
of combination fly ash conforming to BS EN 450 or pfa conforming to BS 3892-1
CEM I cement conforming to BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 6 to 35 % CII-S BS 8500-2, Annex A A
of combination of ggbs conforming to BS 6699
CEM I cement conforming to BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 36 to 65 % CIIIA BS 8500-2, Annex A A
of combination of ggbs conforming to BS 6699 CIIIA+SR f BS 8500-2, Annex A D
CEM I cement conforming to BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 66 to 80 % CIIIB BS 8500-2, Annex A A
e f
of combination of ggbs conforming to BS 6699 CIIIB+SR BS 8500-2, Annex A F
CEM I cement conforming to BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 6 to 20 % CIIA-L BS 8500-2, Annex A B a or C a
of combination of limestone fines conforming to BS 7979 CIIA-LL BS 8500-2, Annex A B a or C a
CEM I cement conforming to BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 6 to 10 % CIIA-D See Note j A
of combination of silica fume conforming to BS EN 13263 i
CEM I cement conforming to BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 6 to 20 % CIIA-Q See Note k A
of combination of metakaolin conforming to an appropriate Agrment certificate
Notes
a The classification is B if the cement or combination strength is class 42,5 or higher and C if it is class 32,5.
b Metakaolin only.
c Where the fly ash or pfa content is a mass fraction of 21 to 24%.
d The addition of the abbreviation +SR denotes an additional requirement for sulfate resistance that the fly ash content should be a mass fraction of not less than 25% of
the cement or combination. Where it is less than 25%, the grouping with respect to sulfate resistance is A (Note c).
e Cements or combinations with higher levels of slag than permitted in this table may be used for certain specialist applications, but no guidance is provided in this Special
Digest or BS 8500.
f The addition of the abbreviation +SR denotes an additional requirement for sulfate resistance, that where the alumina content of the slag exceeds 14%, the tricalcium
aluminate content of the Portland cement fraction should not exceed 10%. Where this is not the case, the grouping with respect to sulfate resistance is A.
g CEM IV/A cement with siliceous fly ash should be classified as CEM II-V cement.
h (V) indicates siliceous fly ash only.
i Until BS EN 13263 is published, the silica fume should conform to an appropriate British Board of Agrment certificate.
j These combinations are not currently covered by BS 8500-2, Annex A. However, silica fume can be used in accordance with Clause 5.2.5 of BS EN 206-1.
k These combinations are not currently covered by B S 8500-2, Annex A. However, metakaolin conforming to Clause 4.4 of BS 8500-2 may be used in accordance with
Clause 5.2.5 of BS EN 206-1. If the k-value concept is used, a k-value with respect to sulfate resistance of 1.0 should be used.

CIRIA C577-2002,
Guide to the Construction of Reinforced Concrete in the Arabian Peninsula
(Extract)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 5, Key Recommendations for Durable Concrete (extract)
Table 5. : Classification of Exposure Conditions in the Arabian Peninsula
Exposure Locations
Condition
a Superstructures inland with no risk of windborne salts
b Superstructures in areas of salt flats, inland or near
the coast, exposed to windborne salts
c Parts of structures in contact with the soil, well above
capillary rise zone, with no risk of water introduced at
the surface by irrigation, faulty drainage systems,
washing down etc.
d Parts of structures in contact with the soil, within the
capillary rise zone, below ground water level, or where
water may be introduced at the surface by irrigation,
discharge of wastes, washing down, etc.
These situations all lead to a potential for the
concentration of aggressive salts by evaporation.
(i) Significant sulfate contamination only
(ii) Significant chloride contamination only
(iii) Significant contamination with both sulfates and
chlorides
e Marine structures (splash zone)
f Water retaining structures (including sewage treatment

plants)
Table 5. : Typical concrete mix criteria and cover requirements for exposure conditions in the Arabian Peninsula,
from Table 5.1
Maximum Minimum
Minimum cementitious free- cover to the
Exposure Cementitious Additional
content for 0mm aggregates water/cement reinforceme
conditions material (s) requirements
(kg/mm3) ratio nt
** (mm)
a 300-320 0.52 None 30
b 320 0.50 None 40

Portland Cements
or additions
c* 320-350 0.45 None 40-50
d(i),(ii)or(iii) 320-400 0.42 Tanking 40-50

Portland cement
e and f blends with 370-400 0.40 None 100-150
additions
* When concrete is cast directly in contact with soil the minimum cover should be increased to 75mm.
** On well supervised projects free-water/cement ratios down to 0.35 have been successfully achieved using the latest
generation of superplasticisers.

APPENDIX E
CORE PHOTOGRAPHS
S13000086
Abu Dhabi, UAE
BOREHOLE No.: BH-1
S13000086 Appendix E, Page 1/4

Abu Dhabi, UAE
BOREHOLE No.: BH-2

Abu Dhabi, UAE
BOREHOLE No.: BH-3

Abu Dhabi, UAE
BOREHOLE No.: BH-4

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Al Khubaira Palace Fence Project

1.0 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................1

S13000086-Rev. 0-Interpretative Report Page 1 of 2

Figure 1: Satellite Image of the Study Area ...........................................................................................................................2

Table 1: Details of the Drilled Boreholes ...............................................................................................................................9

APPENDIX A SITE PLAN & SUBSURFACE PROFILE

APPENDIX B LEGEND & LOGS OF BORING

Sec. B-1 Legend

APPENDIX C LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

Sec. C-1 Grading Curves, Atterberg Limits & Soil Classifications

APPENDIX D RECOMMENDATION FOR FOUNDATION CONCRETE

APPENDIX E CORE PHOTOGRAPHS

S13000086-Rev. 0-Interpretative Report Page 2 of 2

1.1 Purpose of Study

1.2 Scope of Works

The scope of works consists of the following:

4. Performing engineering analysis of the field and laboratory findings.

5. Developing conclusions and recommendations for the design and construction.

6. Providing detailed interpretative and comprehensive report.

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.0 SITE DESCRIPTION

At the time of investigation, the site topography was generally flat.

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 1 of 23

Figure 1: Satellite Image of the Study Area

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 2 of 23

4.0 PREVAILING WEATHER CONDITIONS

High temperatures and high seasonal changes.

Figure 2: Average Annual Rainfall Amounts for Abu Dhabi

Figure 2: Average Annual Rainfall Amounts for Abu Dhabi

Total Monthly Rainfall (mm) in Abu Dhabi

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 3 of 23

5.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE AREA

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 4 of 23

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 5 of 23

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 6 of 23

Figure 5: Physiographic Regions of Abu Dhabi Emirate (USGS, 1996)

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 7 of 23

5.1 Hydrogeological Setting

5.2 Sabkha Environment

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 8 of 23

6.0 FIELD EXPLORATION

Table 1: Details of the Drilled Boreholes

6.1.1 Sampling from Boreholes

Photographs of retrieved core samples are provided in Appendix E.

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 9 of 23

6.1.2 Field Testing in Boreholes

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 10 of 23

BH-1 BH-2 BH-3 BH-4

Figure 6: Graphical Presentation of SPT N-Values versus Elevation

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 11 of 23

7.0 LABORATORY TESTING

1. BS 5930: 1999 "Code of Practice for Site Investigation".

2. Description of Soils, according to:

3. Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes, according to:

All laboratory tests results are presented in Appendix C.

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 12 of 23

8.0 SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS

8.1 Ground Materials

Table 2: Summary of the Ground Materials Encountered

8.2 Physical and Mechanical Properties

S13000086-0-Interpretative Report Page 13 of 23

UCS Values (MPa)

0 1 1.25 5.0 10 12.5 50 100 1000