CLASS XII MATHEMATICS NCERT SOLUTIONS

Application of Derivatives
Exercise 6.3
Answers
1. Given: Equation of the curve y = 3x 4 4 x .(i)
dy
Slope of the tangent to the curve = Value of at the point ( x, y )
dx
= 3 ( 4 x 3 ) 4 = 12 x 3 4
dy

dx
Slope of the tangent at point x = 4 to the curve (i) = 12 ( 4 ) 4 = 768 4 = 764
3

x 1
2. Given: Equation of the curve y = .(i)
x2
d d
dy ( x 2 ) ( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 2 )
( x 2 ) ( x 1) = 1
= dx dx = .(ii)
( x 2) ( x 2) ( x 2)
2 2 2
dx
1 1 1
Slope of the tangent at point x = 10 to the curve (i) = = =
(10 2 )
2
82 64
3. Given: Equation of the curve y = x 3 x + 1 .(i)
dy
= 3x 2 1
dx
Slope of the tangent at point x = 2 to the curve (i) = 3 ( 2 ) 1 = 12 1 = 11
2

4. Given: Equation of the curve y = x3 3x + 2 .(i)

dy
= 3x 2 3
dx
Slope of the tangent at point x = 3 to the curve (i) = 3 ( 3) 3 = 27 3 = 24
2

5. Given: Equations of the curves are x = a cos3 , y = a sin 3

dx d dy d
=a ( cos ) and = a ( sin )
3 3

d d d d
2 d 2 d
= a.3 ( cos ) ( cos ) and a.3 ( sin ) ( sin )
d d
dx dy
= 3a cos 2 sin and = 3a sin 2 cos
d d
dy dy / d 3a sin 2 cos sin
= = = = tan
dx dx / d 3a cos sin
2
cos

Slope of the tangent at = = tan = 1
4 4
1 1
And Slope of the normal at = = = =1
4 m 1

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6. Given: Equations of the curves are x = 1 a sin and y = b cos 2
dx dy d
= 0 a cos and =b ( cos )
2

d d d
dx dy d
= a cos and = b.2 cos cos = 2b cos sin
d d d
dy dy / d 2b cos sin 2b
= = = sin
dx dx / d a cos a
2b 2b
Slope of the tangent at = = sin =
2 a 2 a
1 1 a
And Slope of the normal at = = = =
2 m 2b / a 2b
7. Given: Equation of the curve y = x3 3x 2 9 x + 7 .(i)
dy
= 3x 2 6 x 9
dx
dy
Since, the tangent is parallel to the x axis, i.e., =0
dx
3x 2 6 x 9 = 0 x2 2x 3 = 0
( x 3)( x + 1) = 0 x = 3, x = 1
From eq. (i), when x = 3, y = 27 27 27 + 7 = 20
when x = 1, y = 1 3 + 9 + 7 = 12
Therefore, the required points are ( 3, 20 ) and ( 1,12 ) .
8. Let the given points are A (2, 0) and B (4, 4).
40 y2 y1
Slope of the chord AB = =2 m =
42 x2 x1
Equation of the curve is y = ( x 2 )
2

dy
Slope of the tangent at ( x, y ) = = 2 ( x 2)
dx
If the tangent is parallel to the chord AB, then Slope of tangent = Slope of chord
2 ( x 2) = 2 x=3
y = (3 2) = 1
2

Therefore, the required point is (3, 1).

9. Given: Equation of the curve y = x3 11x + 5 .(i)
Equation of the tangent y = x 11 .(ii)
x y 11 = 0
dy
From eq. (i), = 3 x 2 11 = Slope of the tangent at ( x, y )
dx

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 a 1
But from eq. (ii), the slope of tangent = = =1
b 1
3 x 2 11 = 1 x2 = 4 x = 2
From eq. (i), when x = 2, y = 8 22 + 5 = 9
And when x = 2, y = 8 + 22 + 5 = 19
Since ( 2,19 ) does not satisfy eq. (ii), therefore the required point is ( 2, 9 ) .
1
= ( x 1)
1
10. Given: Equation of the curve y = .(i)
x 1
dy d 1
= ( 1)( x 1) ( x 1) = = Slope of the tangent at ( x, y )
2

( x 1)
2
dx dx
But according to question, slope = 1
1
( x 1) = 1 x 1 = 1
2
= 1
( x 1)
2

x = 1 + 1 = 2 or x = 1 1 = 0
1
From eq. (i), when x = 2, =1 y=
2 1
1
And when x = 0, y= = 1
0 1
Points of contact are (2, 1) and ( 0, 1) .
And Equation of two tangents are y 1 = 1( x 2 ) = x + y 3 = 0 and
y ( 1) = 1( x 0 ) = x + y + 1 = 0
1
= ( x 3)
1
11. Given: Equation of the curve y =
x3
dy 1
= ( 1)( x 3) = = Slope of the tangent at ( x, y )
2

( x 3)
2
dx
But according to question, slope = 2
1 1
( x 3) =
2
=2 which is not possible.
( x 3)
2
2
Hence, there is no tangent to the given curve having slope 2.
1
12. Given: Equation of the curve y = 2 .(i)
x 2x + 3

dy d 2
= ( x 2 x + 3 )
1
= ( x 2 2 x + 3)2 . ( 2 x 2 ) = 2 ( x 1)
dx dx
( x 2 2 x + 3)
2

But according to question, slope = 0

2 ( x 1)
=0 2 ( x 1) = 0 x =1
( x 2 x + 3)
2 2

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 1 1
From eq. (i), y= =
1 2 + 3 2
1
Therefore, the point on the curve which tangent has slope 0 is 1, .
2
1 1 1
Equation of the tangent is y = 0 ( x 1) y =0 y=
2 2 2
x2 y 2
13. Given: Equation of the curve + =1 .(i)
9 16
2 x 2 y dy 2 y dy 2x dy
+ =0 = 18 y = 32 x
9 16 dx 16 dx 9 dx
dy 32 x 16 x
= = .(ii)
dx 18 y 9y
(i) If tangent is parallel to x axis, then Slope of tangent = 0
dy 16 x
=0 =0 x=0
dx 9y
y2
From eq. (i), =1 y 2 = 16 y = 4
16
Therefore, the points on curve (i) where tangents are parallel to x axis are ( 0, 4 ) .
(ii) If the tangent parallel to y axis.
dy dy
Slope of the tangent = = =0
dx dx
9y
From eq. (ii), =0 y=0
16 x
x2
From eq. (i), =1 x2 = 9 x = 3
9
Therefore, the points on curve (i) where tangents are parallel to y axis are ( 3, 0 ) .
14. (i) Equation of the curve y = x 4 6 x3 + 13x 2 10 x + 5
dy
= 4 x 3 18 x 2 + 26 x 10
dx
dy
Now value of at (0, 5)
dx
4 ( 0 ) 18 ( 0 ) + 26 ( 0 ) 10 = 10 = m (say)
3 2
At x = 0,
1 1 1
Slope of the normal at (0, 5) is = =
m 10 10
Equation of the tangent at (0, 5) is y 5 = 10 ( x 0 )
y 5 = 10 x 10 x + y = 5
1
And Equation of the normal at (0, 5) is y 5 = ( x 0)
10

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 10 y 50 = x x 10 y + 50 = 0
(ii) Equation of the curve y = x 4 6 x3 + 13x 2 10 x + 5
dy
= 4 x 3 18 x 2 + 26 x 10
dx
dy
Now value of at (1, 3)
dx
4 (1) 18 (1) + 26 (1) 10 = 4 18 + 26 10 = 2 = m (say)
3 2
At x = 1,
1 1
Slope of the normal at (1, 3) is =
m 2
Equation of the tangent at (1, 3) is y 3 = 2 ( x 1)
y 3 = 2x 2 y = 2x +1
1
And Equation of the normal at (1, 3) is y 3 = ( x 1)
2
2 y 6 = x +1 x + 2y 7 = 0
(iii) Equation of the curve y = x 3
.(i)
dy
= 3x 2
dx
dy
Now value of at (1, 1)
dx
3 (1) = 3 = m (say)
2
At x = 1,
1 1
Slope of the normal at (1, 1) is =
m 3
Equation of the tangent at (1, 1) is y 1 = 3 ( x 1)
y 1 = 3x 3 y = 3x 2
1
And Equation of the normal at (1, 1) is y 1 = ( x 1)
3
3y 3 = x +1 x + 3y 4 = 0
(iv) Equation of the curve y = x 2 .(i)
dy
= 2x
dx
dy
Now value of at (0, 0)
dx
At x = 0, 2 0 = 0 = m (say)
Equation of the tangent at (0, 0) is y 0 = 0 ( x 0 ) y=0
And normal at (0, 0) is y axis.
(v) Equation of the curves are x = cos t , y = sin t

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 dx dy
= sin t and = cos t
dt dt
dy dy / dt cos t
= = = cot t
dx dx / dt sin t

Slope of the tangent at t = = cot = 1 = m (say)
4 4
1 1
Slope of the normal at t = is = =1
4 m 1
1 1
Point ( x, y ) = ( cos t ,sin t ) = cos ,sin = ,
4 4 2 2
1 1
Equation of the tangent is y = 1 x
2 2
1 1
x+ y = + x+ y = 2
2 2
1 1
And Equation of the normal is y = 1 x
2 2
1 1
y = x y=x
2 2
15. Given: Equation of the curve y = x 2 2 x + 7 .(i)
dy
Slope of tangent = = 2x 2 .(ii)
dx
a 2
(a) Slope of the line 2 x y + 9 = 0 is = =2
b 1
Slope of tangent parallel to this line is also = 2
From eq. (ii), 2x 2 = 2 x=2
From eq. (i), y = 44+7 = 7
Therefore, point of contact is (2, 7).
Equation of the tangent at (2, 7) is y 7 = 2 ( x 2 )
y 7 = 2x 4 y 2x 3 = 0
a ( 15 )
(b) Slope of the line 15 x + 5 y = 13 is = =3 = m
b 5
1 1
Slope of the required tangent perpendicular to this line = =
m 3
1 5
From eq. (ii), 2x 2 = 6 x 6 = 1 x=
3 6
25 5 25 60 + 252 217
From eq. (i), y= +7 = =
36 3 36 36

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 5 217
Therefore, point of contact is , .
6 36
217 1 5
Equation of the required tangent is y = x
36 3 6
217 5 217 5
3y = x + x + 3y = +
12 6 12 6
217 + 10 227
x + 3y = = 12 x + 36 y = 227
12 12
16. Given: Equation of the curve y = 7 x3 + 11
dy
Slope of tangent at ( x, y ) = = 21x 2
dx
At the point x = 2, Slope of the tangent = 21( 2 ) = 21 4 = 84
2

At the point x = 2, Slope of the tangent = 21( 2 ) = 21 4 = 84

2

Since, the slopes of the two tangents are equal.

Therefore, tangents at x = 2 and x = 2 are parallel.
17. Given: Equation of the curve y = x3 (i)
dy
Slope of tangent at ( x, y ) = = 3x 2 .(ii)
dx
According to question, Slope of the tangent = y coordinate of the point
3x 2 = x 3 3x 2 x3 = 0 x2 (3 x ) = 0
x 2 = 0 or 3 x = 0 x = 0 or x = 3
From eq. (i), at x = 0, y=0 The point is (0, 0).
And From eq. (i), at x = 3, y = 27 The point is (3, 27).
Therefore, the required points are (0, 0) and (3, 27).
18. Given: Equation of the curve y = 4 x 3 2 x5 .(i)
dy y0
Slope of the tangent at ( x, y ) passing through origin (0, 0) = = 12 x 2 10 x 4 =
dx x0
y
= 12 x 2 10 x 4 y = 12 x3 10 x5
x
Substituting this value of y in eq. (i), we get,
12 x 3 10 x 5 = 4 x 3 2 x 5 8 x3 8 x5 = 0 8 x3 (1 x 2 ) = 0
8 x 3 = 0 or 1 x 2 = 0 x = 0 or x = 1
From eq. (i), at x = 0, y=0
From eq. (i), at x = 1, y = 42 = 2
From eq. (i), at x = 1, y = 4 + 2 = 2
Therefore, the required points are (0, 0), (1, 2) and ( 1, 2 ) .

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19. Equation of the curve x 2 + y 2 2 x 3 = 0 .(i)
dy dy
2x + 2 y 2=0 2y = 2 2x
dx dx
dy 2 (1 x ) 1 x
= =
dx 2y y
dy
=0 [tangent is parallel to x axis]
dx
1 x
=0 x =1
y
From eq. (i), 1 + y 2 2 3 = 0 y2 = 4 y = 2
Therefore, the required points are (1, 2) and (1, 2 ) .
20. Given: Equation of the curve ay 2 = x3 .(i)
d 2 d 3 dy dy 3x 2
a y = x a.2 y = 3x 2 =
dx dx dx dx 2ay
3 ( am 2 )
2

Slope of the tangent at the point ( am 2 , am3 ) =

3m
3
=
2a.am 2
2
Slope of the normal at the point ( am 2 , am3 ) =
3m
2
Equation of the normal at ( am 2 , am3 ) = y am 3 = ( x am 2 )
3m
3my 3am 4 = 2 x + 2am 2 2 x + 3my 2am 2 3am 4 = 0
2 x + 3my am 2 ( 2 + 3m 2 ) = 0
21. Given: Equation of the curve y = x3 + 2 x + 6 .(i)
dy
Slope of the tangent at ( x, y ) = = 3x 2 + 2
dx
1
Slope of the normal to the curve at ( x, y ) = .(ii)
3x 2 + 2
1
But Slope of the normal (given) =
14
1 1
= 3 x 2 + 2 = 14
3x + 2 14
2

3 x 2 = 12 x2 = 4 x = 2
From eq. (i), at x = 2, y = 8 + 4 + 6 = 18
at x = 2, y = 8 4 + 6 = 6
Therefore, the points of contact are (2, 18) and ( 2, 6 ) .
1
Equation of the normal at (2, 18) is y 18 = ( x 2)
14

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 14 y 252 = x + 2 x + 14 y 254 = 0
1
And Equation of the normal at ( 2, 6 ) is y + 6 = ( x + 2)
14
14 y + 84 = x 2 x + 14 y + 86 = 0
22. Given: Equation of the parabola y 2 = 4ax .(i)
dy 2 d
Slope of the tangent at ( x, y ) = y = 4a ( x )
dx dx
dy dy 4a 2a
2y = 4a = =
dx dx 2 y y

Slope of the tangent at the point ( at 2 , 2at ) =

2a 1
=
2at t
Slope of the normal = t
Equation of the tangent at the point ( at 2 , 2at ) = y 2at = ( x at 2 )
1

t
ty 2at 2 = x at 2 ty = x + at 2
And Equation of the normal at the point ( at 2 , 2at ) = y 2at = t ( x at 2 )
tx + y = 2at + at 3
23. Given: Equations of the curves are x = y 2 ..(i) and xy = k .(ii)
1
Substituting the value of x in eq. (ii), we get y2.y = k y=k 3

( ) =k
1 2 2
Putting the value of y in eq. (i), we get x= k 3 3

(
Therefore, the point of intersection ( x, y ) is = k 3 , k
2 1
3
) .(iii)

dy dy 1
Differentiating eq. (i) w.r.t x 1 = 2y = = m1 .(iv)
dx dx 2 y
dy dy y
Differentiating eq. (ii) w.r.t x x +y=0 = = m2 .(v)
dx dx x
According to the question, m1m2 = 1
1 y 1
= 1 =1
2y x 2x
2
2x = 1 2.k 3
=1 [From eq. (iii)]
8k = 1
2
[Cubing both sides]
x2 y2
24. Given: Equation of the hyperbola 2 2 = 1 .(i)
a b
2 x 2 y dy 2 y dy 2 x dy b2 x
. =0 . = 2 = .(ii)
a 2 b 2 dx b 2 dx a dx a 2 y

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 b2 x0
Slope of tangent at ( x0 , y0 ) is
a 2 y0
b 2 x0
Equation of the tangent at ( x0 , y0 ) is y y0 = 2 ( x x0 )
a y0
b2 yy0 y02 xx0 x02
2 (
yy0 y02 = xx0 x02 ) =
a b2 b2 a 2 a2
xx0 yy0 x02 y02
2 = 2 2 .(iii)
a2 b a b
x02 y02
Since ( x0 , y0 ) lies on the hyperbola (i), therefore, =1
a2 b2
xx0 yy0
From eq. (iii), 2 =1
a2 b
a 2 y0
Now, Slope of normal at ( x0 , y0 ) =
b 2 x0
a 2 x0
Equation of the normal at ( x0 , y0 ) is y y0 = 2 ( x x0 )
b y0
b 2 x0 y b 2 x0 y0 = a 2 y0 x + a 2 x0 y0 b 2 x0 ( y y0 ) = a 2 y0 ( x x0 )
Dividing both sides by a 2b 2 x0 y0
y y0 (x x )
= 2 0
( x x0 ) + y y0 =0
2
a y0 b x0 b 2 x0 a 2 y0
25. Given: Equation of the curve y = 3 x 2 .(i)
1
dy d
Slope of the tangent at point ( x, y ) is = ( 3x 2 ) 2
dx dx
1
dy 1 d 1
= ( 3x 2 ) 2 ( 3x 2 ) =

.3 .(ii)
dx 2 dx 2 3x 2
a 4
Again slope of the line 4 x 2 y + 5 = 0 is = =2 .(iii)
b 2
3
According to the question, =2 [Parallel lines have same slope]
2 3x 2
4 3x 2 = 3 16 ( 3x 2 ) = 9 48 x 32 = 9
41
48 x = 32 + 9 48 x = 41 x=
48
41 41 41 32 9 3
From eq. (i), y = 3 2 = 2 = = =
48 16 16 16 4
41 3
Therefore, point of contact is , .
48 4

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 3 41
Equation of the required tangent is y = 2 x
4 48
3 41 3 41 18 41
y = 2x y = 2x + y = 2x +
4 24 4 24 24
24 y = 48 x 23 48 x 24 y = 23
26. Given: Equation of the curve y = 2 x 2 + 3sin x .(i)
dy
Slope of the tangent at point ( x, y ) is = 4 x + 3cos x
dx
Slope of the tangent at x = 0, 4 ( 0 ) + 3cos 0 = 3 = m (say)
1 1
Slope of the normal = =
m 3
Therefore, option (D) if correct.
27. Given: Equation of the curve y 2 = 4 x .(i)
dy dy 2
Slope of the tangent at point ( x, y ) is 2t =4 = .(ii)
dx dx y
a 1
Slope of the line y = x + 1 x y + 1 = 0 is = =1 .(iii)
b 1
2
From eq. (ii) and (iii), =1 y=2
y
From eq. (i), 4 = 4x x =1
Therefore, required point is (1, 2).
Therefore, option (A) is correct.

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