In this session, we are travelling on the

about the computer.

An electronic device, operating under the control
of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that
can accept data (input), manipulate the data
according to specified rules (process), produce
information (output) from the processing, and
store the results for future use.
Common parts of a computer:
Input Devices
Output Devices
Central Processing Unit
 Processor
Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic Unit

Input
Input Output
Process Devices
Memory
Devices

Output
Storage
Storage Devices
 consists of programs to
control the operations of computer
equipment
Example: Operating System
that are the
applications executed by using the system
software
Example: Word Processing, Database,
Spreadsheet and etc.
 Any hardware component that allows you
to enter data, programs, commands, and
user responses into a computer
Input Device Examples
Keyboard
Mouse
Output devices produces the responses by
processing the request and make it for use
Output Device Examples
Printers
Speakers
Display Devices
CRT
LCD
 CD-ROM
Power drive
supply
Hard disk
drive
Mother
board Floppy
disk drive

Sound/network
cards
Wires and
ribbon cables
The or is the main
circuit board of the system unit
The processor, also called the
,interprets and carries out the basic instructions
that operate a computer
The interprets the instructions
The performs the logical
and arithmetic processes
, also called , or
, consists of electronic components that store
data, instructions, and information, as needed by the
processor
 REMOVABLE
Floppy disk, or diskette
Compact Disc CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM
DVDs DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM
Zip disk
Flash disk/USB drive
Tape
NON-REMOVABLE:
Hard disk
Magnetic storage device in the computer.

Disk platters
Read/write heads
Head actuator mechanisms
Spindle motor
Logic board
Cables & connectors
The most important part of a PC is the
motherboard. It holds:
the processor chip
memory chips
chips that handle input/output (I/O)
the expansion slots for connecting peripherals
Some chips are soldered onto the
motherboard(permanent), and some are
removable (so they can be upgraded).
 Read-only
Random Access
Memory
Memory (RAM)
(ROM)
chips.
chips

Expansion slots
Processor chip
(the CPU)
 A chip (microchip) is an integrated circuit - a
thin slice of silicon crystal packed with
microscopic circuit elements
Pentium Chip

PowerPC Chip

Chip Fan
 RAM is a computers temporary memory,
which exists as chips on the motherboard near
the CPU.
It stores data or programs while they are
being used and requires power.
 Read-Only Memory can be read but not changed.
It is non-volatile storage: it remembers its contents
even when the power is turned off.
ROM chips are used to store the instructions a
computer needs during start-up, called firmware.
Some kinds of ROM are PROM, EPROM, EEPROM,
and CD-ROM.
 A computer needs a semi-permanent
way of keeping some start-up data
e.g. the current time, the no. of hard disks
the data may need to be updated/changed
CMOS memory requires (very little) power to retain its
contents.
supplied by a battery on the motherboard

the battery
 Expansion slot containing
an expansion card.
Most expansion cards
contain a port.
Data
originates
in RAM

The expansion bus A connector cable plugs

transports data through into the port, and leads
the motherboard. to a peripheral.
Common expansion cards:
graphics card (for connecting to a monitor)
network card (for transmitting data over a
network)
sound card (for connecting to a microphone and
speakers)

Most PCs offer 4-8 expansion slots.

 is the sequence of computer
operations from power-up until the system is
ready for use
this includes hardware testing, and loading the OS
The computer checks the CMOS memory.
The computer loads configuration settings from
Config.sys or the Windows Registry.
If MS Windows cannot complete booting, it
may start in Safe Mode.
Safe Mode is a limited version of Windows
that allows you to use only the mouse,
monitor, and keyboards
no peripherals
the screen icons will probably look very large