GSM Concepts and Evolution

Network Development and Design

World Trade Centre

MobiNil, The Egyptian Company for Mobile Services

16 March 2005
 Agenda

• Cellular System concepts

• GSM Services
• GSM architecture
• Packet switch versus Circuit switch
• Mobile Data Services Evolution
• GPRS
• EDGE
• UMTS

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 Cellular System Concepts

• The Area to be covered is

divided into small cells >>
D Low Transmission power.
D Smaller equipment size.
D Capacity of the system can be increased,
since the same frequency can be reused in
many cells

( Frequency reuse)
Cells

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 Cellular System Concepts

D A Cell can be omnicell or a sector cell

D Omnicell has an omni directional antenna
D Sector cell has uni_directional antenna, Where each site is
divided into three sectors of 120o.
D Sectorization is suitable to use in dense urban areas .

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THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 Cellular System Concepts
• Each cell is assigned to a number of frequencies according to
its traffic.
• Each radio channel, with a width of 200 kHz, is split into 8 time
slots. Each traffic time slot is allocated to a user (circuit switch).

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 Cellular System Concepts

Mobility
When a user moves during a call and crosses cell boundaries, call
continuity and quality must be maintained. A process is needed to
switch the communication from the cell the mobile user is leaving
and entering automatically and in a transparent way
>> “Handover”
>> “Location Management”

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 GSM Services

The features & benefits expected in the GSM system are :

D Superior speech quality.
D Low terminal ,operational,and service costs.
D High level of security.
D International roaming.
D Variety of new services and network facilities.

GSM services were not introduced since the appearance of

GSM but they have been introduced in a regular way (Phases
1,2 and 2+)

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 GSM Services
We can distinguish three categories of services :

1)Teleservices “Speech Services”

D This service enables bi-directional speech calls to be placed between
GSM users, and any telephone subscriber reachable through the
general telephony network

2) Bearer services “Circuit Switch Data Services”

D Transport services , like Fax and SMS

3)Supplementary services “Modify & Enrich the basic services”

D Features resident in the network itself, and the phone must have a way
to use them.
D A phased approach is used to introduce the services, this approach
led to a subset of these services being included in Phase1 and another
set of services added later.

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 GSM System Architecture

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 GSM System Architecture
BTS:(Base Transceiver Station)
It is a radio transmission equipment .It connects the MS to the network.

BSC:( Base Station Controller)

Allocation and release of radio channel, handover management, and
routing of calls to relevant BTS

MSC (Mobile services switching center)

It is a switch that aids the control of mobility of subscribers , monitor their
location and route the calls to and from the mobiles.

GMSC (Gateway Mobile services switching center)

It is the gateway to the whole public land mobile network (PLMN).

OMC (Operation and Maintenance center)

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 Circuit switched vs. Packet switched

Circuit switched

Packet switched

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 Circuit switched vs. Packet switched
Circuit switched Packet switched

Telephone Data
networks networks

• Dedicated resources for one user are reserved • Resources are shared between
during call establishment different user sessions, not dedicated

• Only 30 - 40% of resources are effectively • Resources are requested on demand,

used for speech transfer more efficient use

• Speech is transferred in real time and does • Packets are not sent in real time ⇒
not accept delays buffering and delay

• Charging is usually based on time • Charging is usually based on volume

⇒ number of packets

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 Mobile Data Services Evolution

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)

MSC PSTN

BTS BSC
GPRS Core

GPRS
SGSN Backbone GGSN Internet
IP Network

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)

Packet data routing, Mobility Management, Charging

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

Gateway access to other external packet data networks, Charging

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 GPRS Coding Schemes and Data Rates

In a GPRS network there are four coding schemes:-

CS1 = 8Kbps with very powerful error correction (near the edge of coverage
area)
CS2 = 12 Kbps with powerful error correction
CS3 = 14.4 kbps with error correction
CS4 = 20 kbps without error correction (near the BTS location)

•The choice of coding scheme depends on the quality of the radio link between
cell phone and base station.

• If the channel is very noisy (interference or low signal level), the network may use
CS-1 to ensure higher reliability

•If the channel is in a good radio condition, the network could use CS-3 or CS-4 to
obtain optimum speed.

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 GPRS Coverage

CS-1

CS-2

CS-3

CS-4

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 GPRS Applications

File
File transfer
transfer

Chat
Chat

Browsing
Browsing
Internet
Images
Images

Corporate
Corporate E-Mail
E-Mail

Remote
Remote LAN
LAN
connection
connection
GSM /
GPRS

Value
Value added
added Vehicle
Vehicle
services
services positioning
positioning

WAP
WAP // MMS
MMS
THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL) FAX
FAX over
over GPRS
GPRS
Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution
Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for Global Evolution)
EDGE is the next evolution step after GPRS. It supports data, multimedia
services, and applications at high-speed , close to three times the speed of GPRS.

Bit rate in Kb/s/TS

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
GPRS CS2 GPRS CS4 EDGE

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 EDGE Modulation Scheme
GSM/GPRS EDGE
• GMSK modulation scheme - 8PSK modulation scheme
>> (More immune to noise) >> (Enable higher data rate)

Rate
GPRS Rate EDGE MCS1 8.8 kb/s
CS1 8.00kb/s MCS2 11.2 kb/s
CS2 12.00kb/s MCS3 14.8 kb/s
GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol) CS3 14.4kb/s MCS4 17.6 kb/s
CS4 20.0kb/s
GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)

Rate
MCS5 22.4 kb/s
MCS6 29.6 kb/s
MCS7 44.8 kb/s
MCS8 54.4 kb/s
MCS9 59.2 kb/s
8-PSK (3 bit/s/symbol)

¾ EDGE = GMSK + PSK

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
Download Time Enhancement: More Speed
Viewing GPRS (40 Kbps) EDGE (120 Kbps)
Duration
Download Accept. Download Accept
.
Text MMS 3 sec < 1 sec < 1 sec
3 Ko text email transferred on MMS 9 9
Picture MMS 10 sec 8 sec 3 sec
40 Ko from MMS camera phone 9 9
Video MMS 20 sec 1 min 20 sec
300 Ko Birthday MMS Video card 8 9
Email with Attachment 2 min 2’20 45 sec
700 Ko PowerPoint slides min 8 9
Video File Download 1 min 3 min 1 min
900 Ko Movie Trailer 8 9
Audio MP3 Download 4 min 11’40 3’50
3.5 Mo MP3 music track min 8 min 9
Download time is expected to be shorter than viewing time

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System )

• UMTS represents an evolution in terms of capacity, data speeds and

new service capabilities from second generation mobile networks.

• Today, more than 60 3G/UMTS networks using WCDMA technology

are operating commercially in 25 countries

• WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), uses the

frequency band around 2 GHz.

• WCDMA provides up to 2Mbps data rates indoors.

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 Major Supported Mobile Applications

EDGE
GPRS UMTS
services
services 3 x Speed + services
Best effort Quality of Service 3 x Speed
+ Quality of Service

Voice, Data
Voice
communication Messaging, short
Rich Video MMS Voice
video MMS Video telephony
Video Mail Box
Streaming
Download, taste of
streaming
Audio/video/TV, Quality Streaming
Video/music/TV Audio/video/TV
Audio/video MP3 , Live- web-
cam

Download Games Interactive Games Massively

Gaming Interactive Games

Mobile Office ** Mobile Office

Productivity (corporate) Mobile office (+video-
Email Email with conferencing)
attachment

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center
 THANK YOU

THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL)

Presentation Title: GSM Concept and evolution

Date & Time: March 15
Venue: World Trade Center