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PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)
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2. Chen mt xref vo bn v
3. M mt xref t bn v chnh
4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh.
4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).
4.2. Thm, bo bt cc i tng khoi working set (Lnh refset).
4.3. Lnh refclose
4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.
5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.
5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hin phu thuc.
5.2. Xref v lp.
5.3. Lnh Xbin.
5.4. Tham chiu vong.
5.5. Xn cc xref.
5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.
6. Qun l xref
6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.
6.2. Xref notification
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref.
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD
6. Tao cc mu kt ni.
7. Tao, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.
8. Quan st cc kt ni.
9. Tao mu nhn.
10.Tao nhn.
11.S dung query truy tm d liu
11.1. S dung Quick Query
11.2. S dung Range Query
11.3. S dung Range Query
11.4. S dung Link Select
III. Lm vic vi Raster Image
1. Tng quan
2. Chen nh (inserting images
3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)
4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images)
5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)
5.1. iu khin hin th
5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)
5.3. Image transparency
5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
2. Linking data
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
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Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)
I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)
1. Khi nim v Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)
II. To font ch
1. Tao font ch SHX.
2. Tao big font.
3. Tao big font t file m rng.
III. To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn loai dang ng.
2. Tao cc dang ng n gin.
2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
2.2. Tao linetype bng cch soan tho trc tip trong .LIN
IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape
1. Dang ng phc c cha i tng ch.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. File mu mt ct.
2. Tao mu mt ct n gin.
3. Tao cc mu mt ct phc tap.
VI. Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loai menu
1.2. Cc loai file menu
1.3. Ti, g bo mt menu
2. Ty bin mt menu
2.1. Cu truc mt file menu
2.2. Menu Macro
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
2.3.4. Chen v loai bo Pull-down menu trn menubar
2.4. Shortcut menu.
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
2.5.2. Tao cc AUX menu.
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
2.6. Image Tile menus
2.6.1. Section ca Image menu
2.6.2. M t muc chn ca menu hnh nh
2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh
2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.
2.7. Menu mn hnh.
2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.
2.8. Chui chu thch thanh trang thi.
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2.8.1. Section ca oan m t chui chu thch.
2.8.2. M t chui chu thch.
2.9. Tao cc phm tt.
2.9.1. Section ca oan m t cc phm tt
2.9.2. Tao phm tt
VII. Toolbar
1. cch tao toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar
1.1. Tao Toolbar
1.2. Tao nut lnh mi
1.3. Sa nut lnh
1.4. Tao mt Flyout
2. Cch tao toolbars bng cch soan tho trong file *.mnu
2.1. Dong m t tng qut thanh cng cu
2.2. Dong m t loai nut lnh Button
2.3. Dong m t loai nut lnh Flyout.
2.4. Dong m t nut lnh Control.
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PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)
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Lnh MVSetup.
4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
Quy nh v ng nt khi in :
Nt lin mnh (ng bao dm, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) :
Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt ct qua,) :
Nt hach
Nt ca ch (ch dng khi font s dung SHX) :
Nt ca ng ghi chu v kch thc :
Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch : Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t l
m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi chu,
chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca tiu l 5mm. (nu v du v chiu cao
ch v t l bn v)
Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.
Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm
Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm
II. Thit lp mi trng v.
1. Text style.
Command : STyle
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Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang.
Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch.
Preview : xem trc cc nh dang chn.
2. Layer.
Command : Layer
Bng Layer Properties Manager hin ln :
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Filter :
Tao mt filter (n vo nut new filter)
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On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca
layer.
Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc.
Nu dong lnh nhiu hn mt dong c coi l iu kin hoc.
Group Layer :
Tao tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi tao khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v.
Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th tao tng b lc layer khc
nhau.
Khi ta chen mt block hay chen mt xref vo th AutoCAD s t ng chen thm group
layer.
Layer States Manager
Ta c th xut cc nh dang layer ra file cha layer *.LAS
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Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi phuc lai n bng cch import
lai cc thuc tnh c lu lai trong file *.LAS. Chu cc layer b xa i th s khng
khi phuc lai c.
Cc thuc tnh c khi phuc lai c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore.
(Frezen : qu kh ca freeze ng bng, Thaw : s tan bng )
Turn off layers not found in layer state : Tt tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file
*.LAS khi khi phuc lai thuc tnh.
3. Dimesion Style.
Command : DIMSTYLE
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Angular : o gc
Radius : o bn knh
Diameter : o ng knh.
Ordinate : Ta im
Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.
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Text Appearance:
Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng
text style trong [] bn cnh text style.
Text color : Mu ch
Fill color : mu nn ca ch.
Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.
Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch
thc.
Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.
Text Placement :
Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng.
Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc.
Above : Ch s nm trn ng kch thc.
Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht.
JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo tiu
chun Nht.
Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang.
Centered : nm gia hai ng ging.
1 st Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong cch
t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi tn v bin Offset from dim line
Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2
mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2
nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn s
ny thnh dng.
Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch.
Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang.
Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc.
ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai ng
ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li.
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Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng kch
thc theo ung v tr quy nh muc trc. Con nu khng ch trng ghi text th
text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :
Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best :
Khi ch trng th text v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho text th mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th text s c v ra ngoi.
Arrows :
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s c v trong 2 ng ging con
ch th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Text :
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging con mi tn
th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s
c v ra ngoi.
Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai
ng ging.
Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin mi
tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v.
Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chung ra khoi v
tr mc nh
Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging.
Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km
theo mt ng dn.
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Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc m
km theo bt k mt ng dn no.
Scale for Dimension Features :
Use overall scale of : Phng ton b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi
tr ch s o c khng b thay i.
Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu
sau.
Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung.
Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr
sau mi ln o.
Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm gia
hai ng ging.
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Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
Angular Dimensions :
Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl.
Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.
Zero suppression :
Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc lin kt( l dang kch thc nh kem vi
kch thc lin kt chnh, v du nh kch thc lin kt chnh l minimeter, con kch thc
lin kt l inch. Kch thc lin kt phu l kch thc i kem gii thch cho kch thc
chnh)
Alternate units
Unit format : Gn n v lin kt.
Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m
bn chn.
Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v kch
thc lin kt.
Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt
Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt.
Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc lin kt
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After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt
chnh.
Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.
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Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di.
Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch
thc.
Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai
dang symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).
Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc lin
kt.
Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
4. Hatch.
Command : BHATCH
The Hatch
Type : C 3 mu mt ct :
Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file
ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American
National Standards Institute), ISO (International
Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined
Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT
User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo
khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.
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Swatch (mu mt ct) : Hin h mu mt ct chn. Nu chn mu mt ct l Solid th
swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.
Th Advanced
Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt ct nh m t trong hnh kem theo :
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Object type (mu mt ct) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi hatch
s tr thnh dang polyline hoc Region..
Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bin bng pick point.
Current viewport : Ch gii han trong ca s nhn
hin hnh.
Chn new chn mt gii han cho lnh pick point.
Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set
Island detection method : m t cch xc nh
cc island.
Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin.
Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu
kim ng h.
5. Lnh LineType.
Command : Linetype
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Hp thoi LineType Manager.
Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng thng
( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin)
Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng sp
v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng sp v
s c t l dng ng l 1.
Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l
ph nh ca hp filter .
6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.
6.1. Block
Command : block.
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Name : Ti a 255 k t.
Object.
Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit
Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun.
Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block.
Preview icon : Cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon.
Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i t
l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v.
Description :
Hyperlink :
6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block
nh ngha thuc tnh
Thuc tnh l thnh phn ca mt block c th l dong ch nh kem theo khi (block).
N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc dong nhc hin th khi chen block vi thuc tnh.
To thuc tnh cho khi.
Lnh Attdef (Define attributes) : Cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi
thc hin lnh Attdef hp thoai sau s hin ln :
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Cc la chn ca hp thoai Attribute Definition nh sau :
Mode :
Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn xc nh c xut hin v gi
tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, Verify v present.
Invisible : sau ki chen block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin ln trn
mn hnh. La chn ny s giup cho vic ti tao bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c th
iu khin lai s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i lai la chn trong
lnh Attdisp.
Constant : cc gi tr thuc tnh s khng thay i. Khi soan tho Prompt trn
vng attribute s c che i.
Verify : khi chen block cng cc thuc tnh th dong nhc thm tra lai s chnh xc
ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln.
Preset : AutoCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s dung lnh insert
chen, tuy nhin thuc tnh ny c th thay i bng lnh Attedit.
Attribute : gn d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). Ban c th nhp ti a 256k
t, Du gach ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu ban mun nhp k t \ th phi nhp hai k
t gach cho canh nhau.
Tag : Xc nh tn ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngoai tr du cch v du
chm than. AutoCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa.
Prompt : nh dong nhc thuc tnh, s c hin th khi ban mun chen block
cha thuc tnh. Nu ban chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin ln.
Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh.
Insertion point : nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point
nh v tr im trc tip chen trn bn v.
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Text Style : nh kiu ch cho dong ch thuc tnh.
Height : nh chiu cao ca dong ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc chn
height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im trn bn v. Nu ban nhp
chiu cao ca Text style trong lnh Style th height s b m i.
Rotation : Ch nh gc nghing cho dong ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo
rotaion. Nu ban chn Align hoc fit trn danh sch justufication th la chn ny
s c che m i.
Align below previous attribute definition : sp xp cc attribute tag ngay bn di
thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh). Nu
trc ban cha tao bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i.
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Ximang
ViNaComex
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iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh.
Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block tai bn v hin hnh. Bin
ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh ny s
khng c hin th ln. Vic tt s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng cn hit s
lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.
Command: attdisp
Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] <Normal>: of
Regenerating model.
Cp nht thay i.
Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc thuc
tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block.
V du khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha lai block. Dng lnh AttSync
update lai cc thuc tnh ca block.
Command: attsync
Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: ?
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Attributed blocks: 123
Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: N
Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123
Lnh -Attedit
Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] <Y>: N Sa nhiu thuc tnh mt luc
Performing global editing of attribute values.
Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Enter block name specification <*>: Chn tt c cc block
Enter attribute tag specification <*>:
Enter attribute value specification <*>:
chn Ximang ca block th
Select Attributes: 1 found
nht.
Select Attributes: 1 found chn Thep ca block th hai.
Select Attributes: 1 found Chn Ximang ca block th ba
Select Attributes:
3 attributes selected.
Enter string to change: Ximang Thay nhng chui l Ximang
Enter new string: Cat thnh chui Cat
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Trc khi hiu chnh
Command: Ettedit
Select block reference:
Nu block ban chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block th
xut hin dong thng bo li. Ban phi chn lai block khc.
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Select Block : chn block trn bn v.
Apply : Cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh.
Attribute :
Hin th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho mi thuc tnh
Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.
Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp thoai tao thuc
tnh cho block.
TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh.
Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh.
Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh.
Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh.
Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng.
Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang.
Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing dong ch thuc tnh.
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Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, dang ng, mu,.
Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh
LineType : ch nh dng ng.
Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh.
Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin hnh l
kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.
LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh.
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The Attribute : nh trnh by trong muc tao thuc tnh.
Data : Ban c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Default.
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The Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype,
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Format file : chn cc nh dang format file AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh
by di y.
Select Object : chn cc block cn trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th hin
trong Number found.
Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra.
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BL: Z NWWWPPP Cao Z im chen
BL: NUMBER NWWW000 Block counter
BL: HANDLE CWWW000 Block handle
BL: LAYER CWWW000 Tn layer khi chen block
BL: ORIENT NWWWPPP Gc quay ca block
BL: XSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo truc X
BL: YSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo truc Y
BL: ZSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo truc Z
BL: XEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn X ca hng dn ra ca block.
BL: YEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn Y dng trong v 3D
BL: ZEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh Phn Z
BL: SPACE CWWWPPP Chen mt khong trng vo v tr ny.
Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta con c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i kem ca block
(Attributes tag) nh v du sau :
V d v file mu .
S dung trnh soan tho NotePad tao ra file
vl.txt c ni dung nh sau :
BL : NAME C004000
BL : X N008002
BL : Y N008002
BL : SPACE C002000
TENVL C012000
HANG C006000
KHOILUONG N008000
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Xut thng tin thuc tnh block bng lnh Eattext
nh lnh Eattext, hp thoai Attribute Extraction wizard hin ln :
Drawings
Select object : chn mt hoc nhiu block.
Current drawing : chn tt c cc thuc tnh ca tt c cc block c trong bn v.
Select drawing : chn bn v khc.
Drawing files : ng dn ca file cha block cn trch thng tin.
Include xrefs : bao gm cc thng tin thuc tnh ca cc tham kho ngoi.
Include nested blocks : bao gm cc thng tin ca cc block lng.
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Use template : s dung cc dnh dang mu (file template).
No template : khng s dung cc dnh dang mu (file template).
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Chn anternate view chuyn i gia cc kiu nhn.
Ghi lai cc thit lp va thao tc ln sau dng lai. File template c dang *.BLK
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6.3. Qun ly cc block.
S dng Acad Design Center
Ta c th s dung ca s acad Design center qun l cc block. C th ly cc block
t bn v khc, c th preview trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh.
S dng chc nng ko th ca Window
Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Explore ta c th s dung chc nng ko th cc icon (cc
file ca AutoCAD) chen vo bn v. Cc bn v c chen vo nh l mt i tng
block.
7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.
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Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)
I. Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
Khi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng
Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport)
AutoCad cho php ban chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. Ban c th hin th cc
vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v trn cc hnh ch nht . Muc ch phuc vu cho vic quan
st bn v mt cch d dng hn. Vng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS).
Mt s c tnh ca Tiled Viewport :
Khng quant trng l ban c bao nhiu khung nhn, chung lun lun c sp sp
canh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh
Tai mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c vin
m
Crosshair ch xut hin trn Active viewport
UCS (User Coordinate System) Icon lun xut hin tai tt c cc khung nhn
S thay i ca cc i tng bn v trn mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s c
th hin trn cc khung nhn con lai.
AutoCAD cho php ban tao ra ti a 96 khung nhn
Ban c th bt u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt thuc lnh mt khung nhn khc.
Ngoi ra ban con c th ghi lai cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, phuc vu cho muc ch
khi phuc lai cc khung nhn nu mun.
Vng nhn ng (Floating Viewport)
Vng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapce (PS), ban ch s dung n khi mun th hin
mt vng ca bn v trn MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt Floating view (FV) trong
mt PS. Tuy nhin ban c th tao ra nhiu hn mt nu ban mun.
FV c mt s c tnh sau
Khng ging nh Tiled Viewport (TV), FV l mt Object tht, ban c th xo,
move v stretch n. Ban c th hin th n trn layer ring bit, v con c th bt tt
ch hin th ng bao ca n. Chung khng in y mn hnh nh TV m ban
c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca chung.
Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi han trong mt vng nhn ng.
Ban c th thit lp s hin th ca UCS Icon trong tng FV
Ban c th tao nhiu FV trong PS v chung s c lu lai cng vi bn v.
Tt c nhng g ban v trn MS u c trong PS. Tri lai, nhng g ban v trn PS
ch tn tai trn PS, khng tn tai trn bn v khi ban tr v MS.
Sau khi ban v xong trong MS, ban chuyn sang PS v. Trn khng gian PS ban
c th v thm or chnh sa cc Object trn MS bng cch Double click vo FV.
Khi FV lm vic ging ht nh TV.
Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space. Trong
paper space (PS), ban c th chen title block, tao cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc
notes trc khi in bn v.
PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ring l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1 hoc
nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport).
Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s dung PS trong trng hp
C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (V k thut XD).
Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (v kin truc).
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Mun in hnh v vi cc gc xoay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong cu ng)
Cc bc
u tin ta v cc hnh v trn MS
Sau chuyn sang PS chen cc Note, dimension v cc leader.
Cc thao tc vi PS
Trong PS ban cng c th view, edit cc PS Object nh layout viewport v tile block.
Mc nh ca CAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c tn l Layout1 v layout2. Tuy nhin
n s c tn khc nu ban s dung cc template khc.
Ban c th tao mt layout bng cc cch sau :
Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau.
S dung chc nng Creat layout wizard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n.
Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT)
Add a new Layout
Click insert menuLayout New Layout.
Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.
To import a layout from a template
Click Insert menuLayoutLayout from Template.
In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from
Click Open.
In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab.
To create a layout using a wizard
Click Insert menu Layout Layout Wizard.
On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the
new layout.
Trong PS, Bn cung c th :
Duplicate a layout
Rename a layout
Delete a layout
Rearrange layout tabs
Make a layout current
Sctivate the previous layout
Click Select All Layouts.
Plot a layout
2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space
2.1. To cc Viewport
u tin ban chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW.
Trong Layout, ban c th tao nhiu ca s Viewport khc nhau, ban c th b tr, sp
xp cc viewport theo muc ch ca ban. Theo mc nh, Autocad cho php ban tao ti a l
64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng viewport bng cch thay i bin h thng
MAXACTVP.
Trong Viewport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space. Ngoi ra
ta con c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t l t sn.
tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE sau chn
viewport m tat ham cn hiu chnh.
S dung chc nng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l
nh mong mun.. Tai y ta cng c th chnh sa, thm bt cc i tng ca m trng
Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi lai trong Model Space.
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quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.
2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport
Autocad cho php ban ct xn cc ng bin ca viewport phuc vu cho cc muc
ch ring ca ban. Lnh Vclip cho php ban ct xn thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon bt
k. Cu php nh sau :
Tai dong lnh nh vpclip.
Select the viewport to clip : chn viewport cn ct xn.
Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D xa ng bin ct
xn trc .
Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn P tao ng bin a gic ct xn mi.
Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary.
Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then
choose Viewport Clip
2.3. T l trong tng
Viewport
Ban c th t t l
trong tng viewport bng
lnh zoom nh ni
trn, tuy nhin t vi mt
t l chnh xc bng cch
thay i t l ca viewport
trong ca s Propertie
(Ctrl_1).
V du : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1 : 25, ta t trong MiscCustom : 0.04.
Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, ban chuyn la chn Display locked
2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport
Layer c th n hin trong tng Viewport khc nhau l khc nhau.
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n hin viewport phu thuc vo trang thi thng s On trong th Misc ca ca s
Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca ca s viewport.
2.6. n hin ng bao viewport
n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, ban tao ra mt layer mi cha ng bao ca
viewport m ban mun n hin n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s phu thuc vo trang
thi bt tt ca layer cha ng bao.
2.7. Scale LineType
Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin h thng Psltscale.
PsLtScale = 1 : t l dang ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport.
PsLtScale = 0 : t l dang ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho d
ban c phng in t l bao nhiu i chng na.
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1. Khai bo thit b in.
in n, vo menu file Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp thoai Plot hin ra nh
sau :
Trong muc Page setupname l tn ca Page setup. Ban c th import Page setup t
cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi ban khai bo xong tt c cc
thng s bn di, ban n vo Command box Add thm mt Page setup vo trong bn
v ca ban.
Chn my in trong muc Printer/plot.
Chn kch kh giy Paper size.
Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty theo
muc ch s dung ca ngi in.
Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v.
Extents : vng in l c bn v.
Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v
Window : vng in l mt ca s m ban s nh ngha sau .
iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area)
Xem trc khi in trong muc Preview.
iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale.
iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong muc Drawing orientation.
iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D
As displayed : nh hin th trn mn hnh.
Wireframe : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th
ng bao ca i tng)
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Hiden : bo qua nhng i tng, nhng ng bao b che khut bi mt i tng
khc.
Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi xut bn.
Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l phn quan trng nht.
V du chn kiu nt in : A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc file ny c lu trong th muc
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles.
Di y l ngha mt s kiu in c sn :
42
My s tao ra file test.ctb
43
Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu ban khng
in mu th nn chuyn n thnh mu en.
2. In ra file *.PLT
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Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)
I. Tham kho ngoi
1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.
Tham kho ngoi l s lin kt mt bn v bt k (c gi l bn v chnh) vi mt
hay nhiu bn v khc (gi l bant v xref External references). Nu ta chen mt bn v vo
trong mt bn v th bn v c chen s c nh dang l mt Block v s c lu cng
vi bn v chnh. Nu ta chnh bn v c chen th block s khng c cp nht lai. Nu ta
chen mt bn v vo trong nhiu bn v khc di dang block th vic cp nht block khi
block c vi s thay i s rt mt thi gian v ta phi thay i lai cc block trong tt c
cc file chen.
Nhng nhc im trn s c khc phuc th ta dng chc nng tham kho ngoi ca
AutoCAD. Khi bn v tham kho s c lu ring, khi bn v tham kho thay i th tt
c cc bn v tham kho n n s t ng thay i theo. Vic dng tham kho ngoi rt hu
ch khi lm vic vi nhng d n ln. c bit l khi ta chia s ti nguyn bn v trn mang.
2. Chen mt xref vo bn v
Lnh Xattach
Lnh Xattach cho php ta chen mt bn v vo bn v chnh di dang tham kho
ngoi.
Command : Xattach
Hp thoai Select reference file hin ln. Ta chn file cn chen vo bn v chnh. Sau
kich Open, hp thoai External Reference hin ln :
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Browse : Thay i bn v chen vo.
Found in : ng dn ca bn v xref.
Path type : quy nh kiu ng dn l tuyt i hay tng
i, hay khng kem theo ng dn. Cc la chn ny quy nh Save
path. Ban c c th kim tra kt qu ca tng la chn ca mnh
trong Save path.
Reference Type : kiu chen
Attachement : cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau.
Overlay : khng cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau.
Cc la chn v Intertion Point, Scale v Rotation tng t nh lnh insert.
Lnh Xref.
Lnh xref chen mt bn v tham kho ngoi (bn v xref) vo trong bn v chnh.
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Nut Tree View cho php ta nhn cu truc cy ca xref. Danh sch
c lit k theo bng ch ci. Cc xref lng c sp xp theo mc
lng (hnh cy).
Khi bm vo nut Xbind ca hp thoai Xref Manager th hp thoai Bind Xrefs hin ln
nh sau (phn ny cng tng ng vi
vic dng lnh Xbind):
Bind : cc i tng ca bn v
xref s c ni tip vo bn v
chnh
Insert : cc i tng ca bn v
tham kho s khng l thnh phn
ca bn v chnh.
3. M mt xref t bn v chnh
Xopen
Xopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ring.
Command: Xopen
Select Xref:
Chn xref m ra ca s ring.
External Reference Open
Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich nut open.
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Identify reference
Reference name : Chn tn xref cn sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng
nhau. Lu l mi ln ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1 nh hnh v)
cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng (drawing 1)
ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn xref sa.
Path : Hin th ng dn ca xref m ta chn.
Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn.
Prompt to select nested objects : kch hoat ch chn cc object trong file tham kho
m ban mun sa.
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Setting
Create unique layer, syle, and block names :
Nut ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt c
cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny.
Nu nut ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh bnh
thng.
Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th v
ta c th sa chung, sau khi ta ghi lai th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i theo, cc
thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta chen cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.
Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn v
chnh s b kha lai, chung ta khng th hiu chnh c chung.
Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa s
m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.
Command: shademode
Current mode: 2D wireframe
Enter option [2D wireframe/3D
wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] <2D wireframe>: 2D
4.2. Thm, bo bt cc i tng khoi working set (Lnh refset).
Command: refset
Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...
Enter an option [Add/Remove] <Add>: a (chn them hay b bt bn i tng)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found
Select objects:
1 Added to working set
4.3. Lnh refclose
Sau khi hiu chnh xong bn c th ghi lai hay khng ghi lai cc thay i bng lnh
Refclose.
Command: refclose
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The following symbols will be added to Xref file:
Blocks: Ghe
Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] <Save>: s
Regenerating model.
2 objects added to test
1 xref instance updated
test redefined and reloaded
Enter option :
Save : ghi lai nhng thay i trong bn v Xref.
Discard reference changes : khng ghi lai s thay i.
.
Nu ban chn ch ghi lai, xref s t ng reload lai. y l s khc bit gia lnh
Xopen v lnh Refedit.
4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.
Bin RefEditName : cha tn bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa.
Bin Xedit : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham
kho hay khng.
0 : khng th s dung sa i file tham kho tai bn v chnh.
1 : c th s dung sa i tham kho tai ch.
Bin BindType : Bin iu khin cc tn tham kho c qun l nh th no kho rng
buc hoc sa i trn bn v chnh.
0 : theo phng php rng buc truyn thng (tn Xref|Symbol tr
thnh Xref$0$Symbol).
1 : theo phng php ging nh chen (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh
Symbol)
Bin Xfadectl : Bin ny iu khin m nhat ca cc i tng khng nm trong ca
s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca Xfadectl (Controls the fading intensity
percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nhat v 90% m nhat)
5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.
Ban c th iu khin s hin th ca cc lp c trong xref ban c th ch nhn thy
cc lp cn thit m thi. C mt s tnh nng cho php ban iu chnh qu trnh hin th ca
xref, iu khin khung nhn xref, lm tng tc hin th ca cc xref qu ln.
5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hin ph thuc.
Cc thnh phn phu thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc muc c t tn trong c trong
bn v, chng han nh lp, kiu vn bn, kiu ghi kch thc, Khi ban gn (Attach) mt
bn v th cc thnh phn phu thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh. V du trong layer
control s hin th cc lp ca xref. Cc thnh phn phu thuc c tn theo nh dang
Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng tn ny c giup ta phn bit cc thnh phn ca xref
vi cc thnh phn ca bn v chnh.
5.2. Xref v lp.
Ban c th bt tt hoc lm ng cc lp ca xref. Ban cng c th thay i cc thuc
tnh thng qua hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i ny ch
c tnh tam thi. Khi ban m bn v ln sau th xref c ti vo bn v chnh v cc xc lp
lai tr lai nh ban u. Tuy nhin ban cng c th lu gi cc xc lp ca ban bng cch thay
i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha khi ban ghi bn v lai, ngha l
trc ban thay i bin ny nh th no i chng na, trc khi ghi bn v lai AutoCAD
s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi lai s thay i ca ban hay khng.
50
5.3. Lnh Xbin.
Ban cng c th s dung lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh phn cn thit t bn v
tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s giup ban c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp hp
thng nht cc thnh phn trong bn v hin hnh v xref.
Command: xclip
Select objects: 1 found ( chn cc xref hoc block)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects:
Enter clipping option (chn cc chc nng di y)
[ON/OFF/Clipdepth/Delete/generate Polyline/New boundary] <New>:
51
New boundary : dong nhc sau s c hin ln
[Select polyline/Polygonal/Rectangular] <Rectangular>:
Select polyline : chn mt ng Polyline sn c lm ng bao, a tuyn c th
kn hoc cng c th l mt a tuyn h.
Polygonal : chn cc nh ca mt hnh a gic lm ng bao.
Rectangular : chn cc nh ca mt hnh ch nht.
ON/OFF : iu chnh s hin th ca xref.
ON : s hin ln phn ca xref nm trong ng bao
OFF : s hin ln ton b xref.
Clipdepth : cho php chn mt phng xn (cliping plane) nm trc hoc sau xref
(chc nng ny ca block cng c trong lnh Dview). Clipd depth ch dng cho v 3D. Dong
nhc sau s xut hin :
Delete : la chn ny dng xa ng bao hin c, khi no ta quan st ton b
xref hoc block. Lu l lnh Erase khng th xa ng bao xn.
Generate Polyline : AutoCAD s tao ra mt ng a tuyn dc theo ng bao xn.
a tuyn mi s c nhiu mu, dang ng, chiu rng nt in v cc trang thi ca lp hin
hnh. Ta c th hiu chnh lai ng bao bng cch hiu chnh lai a tuyn ny sau chnh
lai ng bao xn bng la chn Seclect polyline ca lnh Xclip.
Bin Xclipframe :
Bin ny dng kim tra s hin th ca ng bao xn c tao bi lnh xclip.
Xclipframe = 1 : s hin ln ng bao xn.
Xclipframe = 1 : ng bao xn s khng c hin ln.
5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.
gim bt thi gian AutoCAD ti tao lai bn v, ban c th s dung mt s tnh nng
sau tng tc hin th bn v.
Tnh nng ti bn v theo yu cu (Demand loading). Tnh nng ny cho php
AutoCAD ch ti cc i tng cn c hin th ca xref.
Ch muc khng gian (spatial index) c tao ra khi ban lu bn v. Ch muc ny
ch c tao ra khi ta s dung tnh nng (demand loading). Khi lu bn v
AutoCAD s lu cng vi ch muc v cch thc ti cc xref. AutoCAD da trn ch
muc ny quy nh nhng phn no ca xref s c c ln hin th.
Ch muc lp (layer index) cng c tao ra trong khi ta lu bn v. AutoCAD s
s dung ch muc ny lu lai cc layer b ng hoc b ng bng. Tnh nng ny
s quy nh mc xref cn c c bn v c hin th nhanh hn.
Tnh nng ny ch thc s c hiu lc khi :
Tnh nng Demand loading phi c kch hat trong bn v hin hnh.
Xref phi c lu vi ch s khng gian hoc ch s lp.
Xref phi c xn (vi ch muc khng gian) v c lp ng bng hoc ng (vi
ch muc lp).
Tnh nng Demand Loading :
Kch hat tnh nng ny bng la chn : Tools|Options|Open and Save. Trong danh sch
th xung ca Demand load xrefs chn
Enabled : Nhng ngi khc trong mang h thng c th m bn v xref ny
nhng h khng th hiu chnh file khi ban ang tham chiu n n.
52
Enabled with copy : AutoCAD s tao ra file nhp (makes a temporary copy of the
externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) Xref s c ti
vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong mang h
thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny.
Disabled : ton b bn v xref s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo bn
v chnh.
Ban c th bt chc nng ny trc khi ban ti mt xref ch khng nht thit phi bt
ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic.
6. Qun ly xref
6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.
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Chc nng ny cho php ta lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi mt d liu ngoi. Ta
c th tao cc nhn nh kem vi cc i tng. Cc nhn ny c th l cc thng tin v i
tng, cc thuc tnh i kem vi i tng c cha trong file d liu.
Ta c th lm vic vi cc loai d liu ngoi sau :
Microsoft Access.
Vusual Dbase.
Dbase.
Microsoft Excel.
Oracle.
Paradox
Microsoft Visual FoxPro.
SQL Server.
54
Trnh by cc cc bc tao mt b d liu ngun trn OBDC. Gii thiu hai c s d
liu l Access v Excel.
nh cu hnh ngun d liu t trong AutoCAD.
Trnh by cc bc tao mt kt ni trong AutoCAD trn Slide.
Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT.
Thc hin connect trong AutoCAD, quan st cc d liu trong c s d liu.
Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt khu. Nu h thng yu cu
Thc hin cc truy cp user v password nu data base yu cu.
Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn.
Trnh by cc tnh nng thm bt, sa i v cp nht d liu kt ni.
Trnh by cc tnh nng view trong dataconnect.
Lin kt hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v CAD.
To nhan da trn d liu trong bng v nu mun.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
Nhp up chut vo Data sources (ODBC) trong Control Panel, hp thai ODBC Data
Source Aministrator hin ln. Ta c th tao mi, chnh sa cu hnh ca tng kt ni.
tao mi ta n nut Add, chnh sa ta chn c s d liu cn chnh sa, n nut
configure.
n nut add, ca s Create New Data source hin ln :
55
Data Source Name : nh tn ca c s d liu ban mun tao.
Description : m t c s d liu ny.
Database : Thao tc vi c s d liu ca ban.
Select : chn c s d liu c.
Create : to mi mt c s d liu.
Repair : sa mt c s d liu c sn.
Compact : nn mt c s d liu.
Option : cha cc ty chn v kt ni.
Advandce :
56
Options : bao gm cc thuc tnh ca c s d liu. Ban c th xem v chnh sa
lai chung.
Provider : Chn kiu kt ni trung gian. y ta chn ODBC drivers. Sau n Next.
Connection : Chn kt ni c sn m ta tao trong muc nh cu hnh d liu cho
ODBC
Use data source of data : Chn tn kt ni ODBC thit lp bc trc.
Enter information to log on to server : in y user
name v password truy nhp vo server nu c.
Sau test connection. Nu connect thnh cng bn s
c thng bo Test connection succeeded nh hnh
di y.
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Ban c th chnh sa d liu ca c s d liu ngay trong AutoCAD (ng nhin l
nu trnh kt ni d liu cho php). Ban bt ca s DataView ln bng cch nhp up chut
tri vo bng d liu cn xem.
T bng ny ban c th chnh sa, thm bt cc bn ghi, cc trng ca mi bn ghi..
Nhng lu l khi ban chnh sa, d liu chnh sa s khng c cp nht ngay lp tc. Ban
mun cp nht d liu chnh sa, ban nhn phi chut vo hnh mi tn bn gc trn tri nh
hnh v.
Commit : cp nht li d liu
Restore : Phc hi li d liu gc (khng ghi li s chnh sa)
Cc thao tc nh dang d liu cng ging ht nh trong Excel.
Cc chc nng nh dang nh find, replace, format c th tham kho trong menu
Data View.
6. To cc mu kt ni.
Ta c th tao ra cc kt ni t cc i tng trong bn v n cc trng ca c s d
liu. Thng thng cc kt ni ny dng thng k s lng cc i tng trong bn v lin
kt vi mt trng no , v t ta bit c cc thng tin v i tng . c c
mt kt ni trc tin ta phi tao ra c mu kt ni. Sau y trnh by cc bc tao ra
c mt mu kt ni.
Ban c th lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi nhiu bn ghi (record) trong c s d
liu nu mun v ban c th lin kt mt bn ghi vi nhiu i tng trong bn v. V du ban
c n gian phong, mi gian phong c t mt n 2 in thoai, v ban c mt bng cc s in
thoai. Ban c th gn mi mt ci in thoai (trong bn v) vi mt trng ca d liu s in
thoai va bn. Nu mt phong c 2 in thoai nhng chung mt dy th ban c th gn c hai
cho mt s
Mu lin kt link template giup AutoCAD nhn bit c trng no trong c s d
liu s c ly ra lin kt vi cc i tng trong bn v.
Cc bc tao mt mu lin kt nh sau :
Chn t menu DBConnectTemplateNew
Link Template (nu c mt bng c m
sn, bn c th chn nt lnh new Link
Template trong ca s Dbconnect).
Nu bn cha m mt bng d liu no,
AutoCAD s m hp thoi Select Data
Object. Chn mt bng v click nt
Continue.
58
Trong hp vn bn New Template Name ca hp thoi New Link Template, bn
nh tn ca mu lin kt vo. Nu bn c mt mu lin kt trc , bn mun s
dng n lm c s cho mt mu mi, bn chn n t trong danh sch th xung
Start With Template. Click Continue.
59
Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink Manager m Link Manager. Sau
bn chn mt i tng m bn mun hiu chnh. (hoc bn c th chn i tng
t trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink Manager).
Trong ct Value, nhp gi tr mi m bn mun hiu chnh.
Cc bc xa mt kt ni nh sau :
Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink
Manager m Link Manager. Sau bn
chn mt i tng m bn mun xa lin
kt. (hoc bn c th chn i tng t trong
bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn Link Link
Manager).
Sau bn chn cc i bn ghi m bn
mun xa, n nt delete.
Ngoi ra ban cng c th xut thng tin kt ni,
tao thnh mt dnh sch cc bn ghi lin kt vi i
tng cn xut.
Chn dbConnectLinksExport Links.
Select objects : chn i tng m bn mun
xut thng tin lin kt.
Trong mc Include Fields bn chn cc
trng bn mun xut.
Trong danh sch save as type (AutoCAD cho
ban 3 kiu file nh trong phn xut thng tin thuc tnh ca khi ni trong muc
trc)
t tn file ri n nut save.
8. Quan st cc kt ni.
Ban cng c th quan st lai cc kt ni tao. C 2 kiu quan st kt ni :
Quan st cc i tng kt ni (View Linked Objects).
Quan st cc bn ghi kt ni (View Linked Records).
AutoCAD t ng chn cc i tng lin kt khi ban chn mt hng, ban chn
Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects.
AutoCAD t ng chn cc hng lin kt khi ban chn i tng trn bn v, ban
chn Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects.
Cc ty bin trong hin th cc lin kt (Data View Option):
AutoPan v Autozoom hin th cc i tng c chn mt cch t ng. Ta
cng c th hiu chnh t l zoom factor (tnh theo n v %). T l ny mc nh l
50% c ngha l vng cha cc i tng = 50% vng ta quan st trong bn v.
Record Indication Record (show all records hoc select indicated records) hiu
chnh ch hin th cc bn ghi lin kt hay hin tt c cc bn ghi ca bng v cc
bn ghi lin kt s c nh du theo mu c chn mc Mark Indicated
Records.
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9. To mu nhan.
Ta cng c th tao cc thng tin nh kem vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc thng tin
ny s bn dnh ly i tng trong bn v (hoc khng bm dnh ly i tng trong bn v
ty theo tnh nng m ta chn). Nu l gn dnh th khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt th
cc thng tin ny cng di chuyn theo. Ngi ta gi cc thng tin ny l cc nhn (Label).
tao c cc nhn (label), u tin ta phi tao c cc mu nhn (Label Template).
Sau y trnh by cc bc tao c mt mu nhn.
Chn t menu dbConnect-->Templates-->New Label Template.
Hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mu lin kt s dng lm mu nhn.
Click continue.
Hp thoi New Label Template. Nhp tn mu nhn trong hp vn bn New Label
Template Name. Nu bn c sn mt mu nhn, bn mun s dng n lm c s
cho mu nhn mi, chn t danh sch th xung Start with Template. Click
contine.
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Trn Tab Label Fields, chn mt
trng m bn mun xut hin
trn nhn t danh sch th xung
Field List, sau kch nt Add.
Nu mun add thm trng vo
nhn bn lp li cc bc trn.
Trn Tab Label Offset, chn kiu
canh l trong hp start. Nhp
di X v Y trong hp Leader offset quy nh khong cch gia im u ca
mi tn nh dng v im chn ca vn bn (mu khong cch ny qu b gn
mi tn th mi tn s b bin mt). Nhp di X v Y trong hp Tip offset quy
nh khong cch t im u ca mi tn n im chn ca cui mi tn trn i
tng gn dnh.
Xa mt mu nhn :
Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateDelete Label Template.
Chn mu nhn m bn mun xa trong hp thoi Select a Database Object.
10. To nhan.
Phn loai nhn :
Nhn t do (attached Label): l nhn khng i km vi mt i tng no ca
AutoCAD.
Nhn gn dnh (Freestanding Label): l nhn nh km vi mt i tng no .
Khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt, nhn gn dnh cng di chuyn theo.
Cc bc tao mt nhn nh kem :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha
v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template
pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong
bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Attached Label.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.
Cc bc tao mt nhn t do :
62
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha
v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template
pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong
bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Freestanding Label.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.
Gii thch :
Look up values : nu bn khng nh r gi tr ca trng bn c th nhn vo nt
ny xem trc cc gi tr ca trng.
63
Indicate records in data view : nu c chn th tt c cc bn ghi c chn khi
thi hnh query s c hin th trn data view.
Indicate Objects in drawing : nu c chn th tt c cc objects lin kt vi cc
bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh cng s c chn theo trn bn v.
Store : lu li query.
Execute : thi hnh query.
11.2. S dng Range Query
Nhm ngoc n giup ban nhm cc nhm iu kin lai thnh mt nhm (nh cc php
ton logic thng thng).
64
Fields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn.
Show fields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn.
Sort by : trng s c ch nh sp xp.
11.3. S dng Range Query
Ban c th s dung ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. Nut check s giup
ban kim tra cu php ca mnh
11.4. S dng Link Select
Link select cho php tao tao ra mt tp chn s dung query.
Cc bc tao mt tp chn Link Select :
65
Ban u, ta chn trong menu xung Do la chn select.
To ra mt tp chn u tin ri nhn Execute.
Sau ta li chn trong menu xung Do cc php ton logic.
To ra cc tp chn th hai bng cch nhn Execute.
III. Lm vic vi Raster Image
1. Tng quan
Ban c th chen cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital photographs)
vo bn v. V bn cht, cc nh chen ny l tp hp cc im nh (Pixels), con cc i tng
(Object) trong AutoCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh chen s c kch thc ln v nng hn
cc i tng ca CAD. CAD cho php ban c th zoom, pan cng nh in n bn v cha
Images.
2. Chen nh (inserting images
chen nh, ta chn insertRaster image chn file v ng dn ti n.
66
3. Qun ly hnh nh (Managing images)
Chn InsertImage Manager m hp thoai Image Manager
67
5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)
5.1. iu khin hin th
Chn ModifyObjectImage (hoc lnh IMAGEADJUST)
68
Tao file mi, chn Create New ng dung s c m ra ban tao d liu mi
sau khi kt thuc choose FileUpdate t ng dung . Sau ng ng dung lai
quay lai vi AutoCAD.
Ban c th chn an existing file, chn Create From File. Click Browse tm file
cn chen. Click Open. Chn Link link the data (described in the next section of
this chapter). Chn OK. AutoCAD t file top-left corner
Cch 2
Chn ng dung ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn embedding.
Cch 3
Ban ng dung ngun v Autocad
nh du phn d liu mun chen vo trong CAD, gi Ctrl_drag vo trong CAD.
OLE objects c mt s nhc im sau :
Nu chung cha tham kho ngoi hoc block th chung s khng c hin th v
khng c in ra.
Trong mt s trng hp, OLE objects c th b in ra bng my in h thng m
khng qua iu khin in ca AutoCAD.
OLE objects khng b xoay cng vi ban v khi ban s dung Plot rotation. Tuy
nhin ban c th xoay OLE objects bng cch iu chnh Lanscape setting trong
my in h thng (the windows system printer)
2. Linking data
Cch lm :
Chn ng dung ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn link
Lu :
Khi ban m file CAD c cha ng link, CAD s cho ban la chn Update file
link c trong bn v.
Tuy nhin bn cng c th iu khin Update trong luc ang m bn v bng cch
vo insertOle links.
69
70
Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)
I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)
1. Khi nim v Shape.
Shape l mt object (i tng) c s dung nh l mt block. Shape cha cc i
tng nh ng thng, cung tron c nh ngha trong file .SHP, l file dang vn bn
ASSCII. s dung c trong bn v cc file ny phi c bin dch thnh cc file .SHX
bng lnh Complie trong AutoCAD. Sau , s dung lnh Load ti file .SHX vo bn v,
dng lnh Shape chen cc shape vo bn v (nh l s dung lnh insert khi chen block).
Ta cng c th nh r t l, gc quay cho mi ln chen shape vo bn v. Ngoi ra, shape con
c d dung tao cc font ch, tao cc dang ng phc tap.
Block linh hoat hn v d s dung hn shape. Tuy nhin cc shape lai hiu qu hn
trong vic lu tr v v. N c ti nhanh hn so vi block v rt c ch khi bn v qu ln
v khi tc l quan trng.
Ban cng c th ti file Shape vo trong AutoCAD bng lnh load, hoc g bo n khoi
AutoCAD bng lnh Purge.
71
Figure 2 : Purge shape files
Chn file shape cn g bo sau n Purge.
ng dng ca Shape :
Dng tp cc font ch.
Dng tao ra cc dng ng phc tp.
Ngoi ra Shape cn c s dng nh Block.
Cch to ra cc Shape : chung ta nh ngha cc Shape trong file .SHP. Sau y trnh
by cch m t mt Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
Cc shape trong AutoCAD c m t cu th trong file .SHP v cc file c bin dch
l .SHX. Ta c th s dung text editor hoc word processor tao mi hoc sa cc shape
trong shape file c v lu lai thnh file c phn m rng l .SHP di dang in ASCII format.
Mi file trong shape c m t bng nhiu dong, mi dong cha ti a 128 k t,
nhng dong di hn s khng c bin dch. Cc dong chu thch bt u bng du chm
phy. AutoCAD s t ng bo i cc dong trng v chui k t bn phi du chm phy.
Cu php m t mt shape trong file shape nh sau :
*shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte1,specbyte2,specbyte3,...,0
* : du sao quy nh bt u m t mt Shape mi.
Shapenumber : s nh danh ca shape
Defbytes : S lng cc byte m t ca shape
Shapename : Tn ca shape
Dong tip theo l cc bye m t (specbyte) shape, mi byte ngn cch nhau mt
du phy. V kt thuc bng s 0.
Shapenumber
72
L s nguyn c gi tr t 1 n 255 (i khi ti 32768 i vi cc shape file dng
tao font unicode), s nguyn ny phi l duy nht, s nh danh ca 2 shape bt k trong cng
mt file khng c trng nhau.
Defbytes
S lng cc byte m t shape (S lng cc specbyte) bao gm c s 0 sau cng. Mt
shape c ti a 2000 byte m t.
Shapename
Tn ca shape bt buc phi l ch hoa. Tn cha k t thng s b bo qua v thng
c s dung lm nhn cho font shape.
Specbyte
Byte m t. Bye ny c biu din di dang s thp phn hoc s thp luc. Nu s
u tin l s 0 th hai ch s tip theo s l gi tr thp luc. C hai loai byte m t.
M vector (Vector Length and Direction Code)
M c bit (Special Codes)
Nghin cu cu th tng loai Specbyte :
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (ma vector).
Mt byte m t (Specbyte) n gin cha cc di cc vector v hng ca chung
c s ha trong mt bye. Mi m vector l mt chui bao
gm 3 k t.
K t u tin phi l s 0, do 2 k t tip theo
biu din s thp luc phn.
K t th hai biu din chiu di vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di).
K t th ba biu din hng ca vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di). Hnh sau y
minh ha hng c s ha.
Chu : Cc vector ny u c di l 1 n v.
V du sau xy dng mt shape c tn l DBOX vi s
nh danh l 230.
*230,6,DBOX
014,010,01C,018,012,0
Dng trnh soan tho NotePad tao mt file vn bn c ni dung nh trn, sau ghi lai
vi tn l dbox.shp. S dung lnh Compile trong AutoCAD bin dch thnh file dbox.shx.
S dung lnh Load ti file dbox.shx vo trong AutoCAD. Sau s dung lnh shape nh
sau :
Command: shape
Enter shape name or [?]: dbox
Specify insertion point: 1,1
Specify height <current>: 2
Specify rotation angle <current>: 0
Kt qu l ta v c hnh sau :
Trnh t v c miu t trn hnh v. im bt u v c
ta (1,1). Trnh t v : 014,010,01C,018,012. S 0 sau cng
kt thuc chui m t.
2.2. Special Codes (ma c bit)
Cc m c bit dng tao cc hnh dang c bit. Mi m t c bit l mt chui 3
k t :
K t u tin phi l s khng.
73
K t th hai phi l s khng.
K t ba xc nh chc nng (miu t trong bng lit k). Gi tr thp luc phn nhp vo
t 1 n F (15).
Chu : cc m vn c th vit di dang thp luc phn hoc thp phn. VD 008 hay 8
u c ngha nh nhau. Di y trnh by m thp luc phn :
Ma 001 v 002 : Bt tt ch v.
001 : bt ch v (defaut in shape description). Cc m m tk tip m 001 s c
v trn mn hnh.
002 : Tt ch v. Cc m m t sau m 002 s khng c v ln mn hnh. Nhng
con tro v (but v) vn di chuyn theo cc m m t sau n.
V du : nh doan m sau vo file example.shp ri dch thnh file .shx c ni dung nh
sau :
*232,12,DBOX21
044,040,04C,048,002,012,001,024,020,02C,028,0
74
4 byte k tip 024,020,02C,028 v hnh vung canh l 2 n v.
Ma 007 : M t subshape
M 007 ch yu dng tao font ch. Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn tao font ch.
75
Ma 00A : v cung tron 45 .
Theo sau m 00A l 2 byte nh ngha mt cung tron 45o (bng 1/8 ng tron). Cc
cung c nh th t t 0 n 7 tnh theo v tr u ca cung.
76
Nu m 00C ch v mt cung tron th m 00D v lin tip cc cung tron. Theo sau m
00D l cc cp byte m t cung tron c v v kt thuc 00D bng mt cp byte (0,0).
V du :
00D,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0)
(0,5,0) m t mt ng thng c di bng 5 n v.
Shape font :
Cu tao bi cc shape trong c m t trong file .SHP.
u im : V cc k t trong font u l cc shape nn c ti nhanh hn, tc
render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln.
Nhc im : Khng ep lm.
Big font
Cu tao :bi cc shape. Tuy nhin n c th l phn ni di ca cc shape font ni trn.
Shape font c cha ti a 255 k t con big font c th cha n 65535 k t.
1. To font ch SHX.
Font ch SHX c tao ra v s dung trong AutoCAD. Mi k t ca font l mt shape
c m t trong file shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t (t 0 n
255).
phn bit vi cc shape file khc, cc font ch phi c dong m t u tin nh sau :
*0,4,font-name
above,below,modes,0
Font-name : Tn font ch
Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline
Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
(v hnh minh ha vo y)
77
2. To big font.
Trong thc t, font ch ca mt vi ngn ng (ting Nht) cha hng nghn k t khng
phi l m ACII. bn v cha cnhiu font nh vt AutoCAD cung cp mt dang file
gi la big font file.
Big font file cng c miu t trong file .SHP v c dch thnh file .SHX. Dong u
tin ca big font c dang nh sau :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
nchars : s lng gn ung cc k t trong Big font ny. Nu sai s ln hn 10% th tc
truy xut s rt chm.
nrangs : s lng cc mim gi tr cha cc gi tr s dung lm m escape codes.
b1, e1, b2, e2,
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thuc ca min gi tr th nht
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thuc ca min gi tr th hai
V du .
78
Primitive# : gi tr shapenumber ca shape.
basepoint-x,basepoint-y : thnh phn ta x,y ca im chen subshape.
Width, height : chiu rng, chiu cao ca subshape. Trc khi c chen, kch thc
subshape s c thu nho bng 1 vung n v, sau n c phng to tng ng vi gi
tr Width, height.
Spectbyte : cc byte m t ca subshape.
III. To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.
AutoCAD cung cp rt nhiu dang ng c sn. Cc dang ng ny c th l nt t,
nt lin, hay cc ng tm, Cc dang ng ny c cung cp trong file .LIN. Ta cng
c th t tao ra cc file ny v lu lai di nh dang Text v c ui l .LIN.
AutoCAD cung cp cc dang ng c sn trong file CAD.LIN, ACADISO.LIN .
Cc dang ng n gin c cu tao t cc im(dot), oan thng(dash) v khong
trng c v i v lai nhiu ln.
V du :
Nt gach di 0.5 n v bn v
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Nt gach di 0.5 n v bn v
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Mt im nh (nt gach di 0 n v bn v)
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Ta phn dang ng lm hai loai : dang ng n gin v dang ng phc tap.
Dang ng n gin l cc dang ng ch bao gm cc oan thng, khong
trng v u chm.
Dang ng phc tap l cc dang ng khng ch cha cc oan thng, khong
trng, du chm m con cha cc i tng khc nh phng ch hay cc i tng
Shape.
2. To cc dng ng n gin.
C hai cch to dng ng n gin
Dng creat trong lnh -linetype
Tao file m t dang m ACII c phn m rng .LIN.
Command: -LINETYPE
Current line type: "ByLayer"
Enter an option [?/Create/Load/Set]: C Create
Enter name of linetype to create: name Duong co ten la name
Wait, checking if linetype already defined... Chn tn file s tao mi hoc m
(Hp thoai Creat and Append linetype file file .LIN c sn ghi ng lai
hin ln bn di). ng ny
Descriptive text: Duong tam Tn ng s hin trong hp
linetype manager
Enter linetype pattern (on next line): Nhp vo cc byte m t dang
ng
A,0.5,0.5,-0.25,0,-0.25
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Quy c m t dang ng trong linetype.
Dang ng c bt u bng ch A. Ch A ny quy nh kt thuc i tng
bng gach lin.
Gi tr dng quy nh chiu di nt gach lin.
Gi tr m quy nh di khong trng.
80
S 0 quy nh oan thng c di bng 0 hay nt chm (dot).
Nh vy dang ng c m t trong file sample1.lin trn c dang sau :
Gi tr ngha
R=## Relative Gc quay tng i ca shape so vi ng
rotation thng c v.
A=## Absolute Gc quay tuyt i so vi truc OX ca h ta
rotation WCS.
S=## Scale H s t l (ca shape c chen vi shape
c m t trong shape file).
X=## X offset di theo phng ng thng (X n v)
Y=## Y offset di theo phng vung gc vi ng
thng. (Y n v). (X,Y c th l s m)
V du :
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Dng lnh load ti file ltypeshx.shx vo bn v, sau nh lnh Shape
chen shape c tn l bat v bn v. Hnh ca bat hin ln nh sau :
M file LT_Sample.LIN ra v nh them 3 linetype sau :
Chu : tn linetype khng nht thit phi vit hoa. Th t cc transform khng nht
thit phi c nh.
1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
Cu php m t i tng ch trong dang ng phc tap nh sau : (* chu trong
AutoCAD 2005, cu php tao dang ng c cha cc k t c khc so vi cc phin bn
trc, n yu cu nght ngheo hn cc phin bn trc).
["text",textstylename,scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset]
Text : chui k t c chen vo.
Style : Tn kiu ch m AutoCAD s ly nh dang cho text.
Scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset : Tng t nh trn cc thng s ca transform.
V du :
Kt qu ta c dang ng nh sau :
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Mc nh *.pat c lu trong th muc \Documents and Settings\[user
name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
Sau khi tao xong cc dang mt ct trong cc file ring l. Ban c th copy oan m t
mt ct trong cc file ny vo cc file Acad.Pat hoc AcadIso.Pat, b xung chung vo muc
Patern trong lnh BHatch.
Cng ging nh dang ng, ta chia dang mt ct thnh hai loai : Mt ct n gin v
dang mt ct phc tap.
Mu mt ct n gin l mu ch cha mt dang ng thng.
Mu mt ct phc tap l mu gm nhiu h ng thng hp thnh.
2. To mu mt ct n gin.
Mt mu mt ct trong file .PAT c m t bng nhiu dong lin nhau. Cu php m t
nh sau :
*pattern-name[, description]
angle, x-origin,y-origin, delta-x,delta-y [, dash1, dash2, ...]
Pattern name : Tn mt ct s m t, khng c cha khong trng.
Description : Phn m t (Khng bt buc) v khng c vt qu 80 k t
Angle : Gc ca ng ct.
x-origin : Honh x ca im chun dng v mu mt ct. Thng thng ta s
dung im gc c ta (0,0)
y-origin : Tung ca im chun dng lm gc ta .
delta-x : di ca ng ct theo phng phng ng thng.
delta-y : di ca ng ct theo phng vung gc vi phng ng thng.
dash1, dash2, ... : Ch s dung khi cc ng ct l dang ng khng lin tuc. Cc
gi tr ny m t dang ng (bao gm nt gach v khong trng).
V d
Tao file c tn L123.PAT ni dung nh sau
*L123, proposed future trailers
0, 0,0, 0,0.5
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*L125, proposed future trailers
0,1,0,1,2,-3,1
3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp.
Mu mt ct phc tap c tao t nhiu h ng khc nhau (line family). Cc h
ng ny c m t trn mt dong vo tap thnh mt mt ct phc tap.
V du :
oan m t sau tao ra mt mt ct nh hnh v
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25
84
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25
VI.Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loi menu
C tng cng c 10 loai menu
Cc menu (pulldown menu): l menu nh file, edit,
Cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu): l menu hin ln khi ta n phi chut ti v
tr trn bn v.
Cc thanh cng c (toolbar). Ci ny th ai cng bit ri.
Cc menu hnh nh (Image menu) : l menu hin ln nh khi ta vo mc
DrawSurfaces3d surfaces.
Cc menu mn hnh (Screen menu) : menu ny c hin ln khi ta vo Tools
optionDisplayWindow elementDisplay screen menu.
Cc menu thit b chut (Auxiliary menu) : menu ny l cc thit b chut nh ta
bm ctrl+chut tri, ctrl+chut phi.
Cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp (Button menu): y l menu phc v cho cc
thit b khc ca h thng nhp nh bt in t.
85
Cc bng nhp s ha (tablet) : menu dnh ring cho cc bng s ha ca cad.
Ci ny ti cng mi nhn thy ln u ti trin lm tin hc thng 11 va ri ( cn
gi l tablet digital).
Cc chui ch thch status (helpstring): Ci ny th ai cng bit ri. Khi ta
chuyn con tr ln cc menu , s xut hin cc dng ch thch thanh trng thi
(status).
Cc phm nng (shortcu key). V d ctrl+oOpen, v.v
1.2. Cc loi file menu
Chung ta c cc loai file menu sau :
*.mnu File menu mu, y l file m ACII m ban c th hiu chnh trc
tip trn n.
*.mns y l file menu ngun c pht sinh bi AutoCAD da trn file
*.mnu. Cu truc file ny n gin hn mnu mt chut nhng v c
bn l ging. Ban cng c th hiu chnh trc tip trn file ny. Khi
ban thay i cc phm tt, hoc thay i cc toolbar, ngay trong
CAD th CAD s ghi lai s thay i trn file ny. Ch khng ghi
vo file *.mnu. CAD s khng can thip vo File *.mnu v n coi
file ny l file ca ngi dng tao ra.
*.mnc L file bin dch m nh phn ca AutoCAD. AutoCAD s bin dch
file mns trn thnh file file mnc my c th ti v s l nhanh
hn.
*.mnr File nh phn cha cc nh bitmap c s dung cho menu nh.
*.mnl File acci cha cc chng trnh Autolisp i kem vi menu. N s t
ng c ti ln nu c cng tn vi file *.mnc
86
Bt u Quy c
+: T
m thy
-- : Khng t
m thy
+ +
T
m *.mns T
m *.mnc
-- --
T o ra file
*.mnc v *.mnr
da trn file *mns
+
T
m *.mnc
--
Bo li
Kt thc
87
Phn 2 : cha cc button menu v cc auxiliary menu. Cc menu ny dng iu
khin cc thit b chut v cc thit b h thng khc nu c.
Phn 3 : cc menu pop, l cc menu
Phn 4 : cc menu toolbar, l cc dng m t cc thanh cng c
Phn 5 : cha cc dng m t menu Image
Phn 6 : m t cc menu mn hnh (screen menu)
Phn 7 : m t cc bng s ha (tablet)
Phn 8 : cc dng m t cc shortcut key
Phn 9 : cc dng quy nh cc dng tr gip (tatus string).
88
2.2. Menu Macro
y l phn quan trong nht trong menu v tt c loai menu u c cha n.
Menu macro l mt chui cc k t cha tn lnh s c gi khi MenuItem c chn.
Th t ca cc tham s trong menu macro ging nh th t xut hin cc tham s ny tai
dong nhc lnh command ca AutoCAD.
Cc quy c dng trong menu macro.
Ky t M t
Space bar, du ; Du enter trong AutoCAD
Space bar L khong trng khi ang nhp text
du \ Tam dng user nhp s liu, c th l nhp mt im bng
kich chut hoc nhp mt gi tr
Du + Dng khi dong m t qu di, Mun m t tip dong k tip ta
t du + cui dong
Du * t u macro, sau ^C^C, s lp i lp lai lnh n khi ta n
ESC hoc chn Menu Item khc
^C Hy tt c cc lnh ang hoat ng (Escapse)
^P Tt tt c cc hin th ca macro trn mn hnh. (Bin h thng
MenuEcho thnh on,off).
^M K t ENTER (Ctrl+M)
^B Chuyn i (tt/m) cc ch hin th ta con tro (Ctrl+B)
^E Chuyn v tr si tc con tro trn mn hnh v mt trong 3 v tr
trong mt phng truc o (Ctrl+E)
^G Chuyn i ch hin th li (Ctrl+G)
^H Tng t nh phm BackSpace., dng xa k t trc noa ca
dong lnh command.
^O Chuyn i ch V vung gc (Ortho).
^T Chuyn i chc nng nhp t bng nhp tablet (Ctrl+T)
^Z K t rng, t ng thm khong trng vo cui Menu Item.
// Quy c bt u ca chui chu thch.
V d 1 :
ID_ArcStCeAn [S&tart, Center, Angle]^C^C_arc \_c \_a
Phn tch v du:
S&tart, Center, Angle : Hin th trn menu : Start, Center, Angle
^C^C : Hy tt c cc lnh trc n.
_arc : Bt u v mt cung tron, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng
khc nhau.
khong trng tng ng vi phm enter.
\ : tam dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_c : Chn option center, cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau.
\ : tam dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_a : Chn mt option angle, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc
nhau.
V d 2
ID_MoveRight [Move .1 Right]^C^Cselect \move previous ;.1,0 ;
Phn tch v du:
^C^C : Thot mi lnh ang s dung.
Select : Bt u select command.
Du cch th hin enter, kt thuc lnh select.
89
Sau s dch chuyn cc object chn sang Phi 0.1 n v bn v
V d 3
oan macro sau y s chuyn ng polyline c chn thnh ng polyline c b
rng 0.1 n v.
^C^Cpedit \w .1 ;
V d 4
Ban c th s dung macro sau t ng v 4 ng tron vi bn knh v tm c
nh sn, v dong qu di ta phi vit lm 2 dong nn ta thm du cng cui.
^C^Ccircle 2,2 1.5 circle 6,2 1.5 circle 10,2 1.5 circle +
14,2 1.5
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
Puldown menu c khai bo t section Pop1 n pop499. mi section c th c mt
hoc nhiu menu (thng thng l cha 1). Trong mi menu c th c ti a 999 muc
menu item. AutoCAD s bo qua nhng menu item vt qu gii han trn. Nu mn hnh
khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t ng ct bt i va vi kch
thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi tn ln xung s c xut hin.
Pulldown chia lm hai loai.
Loi th nht c section t pop1 n pop 16. Cc menu ny s c t ng ti
vo v tr ca n trn mn hnh. Nu section ny m c nhiu hn mt menu th ch
menu u tin mi c ti vo mn hnh.
Loi th hai c section t Pop17 n pop 499. Cc menu ny s khng t ng
c ti vo mn hnh. Tuy nhin ta vn c th ti n vo mn hnh bng lnh
menuload hoc bng chc nng menu swapping.
2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu
i vi cc pull-down menu, tiu ca muc chn u tin s c s dung lm tiu
xut hin trn thanh menu. Con cc dong m t tip theo s l nhn, tiu v macro ca cc
menu thnh phn.
Cch tao tiu cho cc menu v menu thnh phn l nh nhau; cc tiu phi
c t trong du ngoc vung.
Cc quy c tao tiu ca menu.
K t ngha
-- Dong phn cch trn thanh menu
-> Bt u mt menu cha (submenu)
<- Kt thuc menu cha (kt thuc submenu)
<-<- Khai bo cui cng ca submenu v menu
$( ) Cho php s dung chui DIESEL trong tiu muc menuItem.
~ Lm m muc chn v khng cho php chn muc ny
!. Lm xut hin du chn () trc menu.
& Lm xut hin du gach chn cho k t ng sau n (khai bo phm tt)
\t Canh l phi cho k t trong tiu ca muc chn.
\c Khai bo phm nng.
Phn tch v d sau :
**FILE
ID_MnFile [&File]
ID_New [&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_Open [&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
90
ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_close
[--]
ID_Save [&Save\tCtrl+S]^C^C_qsave
ID_Saveas [Save &As...\tCtrl+Shift+S]^C^C_saveas
ID_Export [&Export...]^C^C_export
[--]
ID_Inan [->Print]
ID_Preview [/vPlot Preview]^C^C_preview
ID_PlotSetup [Pa&ge Setup Manager...]^C^C_pagesetup
ID_PlotMgr [Plotter &Manager...]^C^C_plottermanager
ID_Print [<-&Plot...\tCtrl+P]^C^C_plot
[--]
ID_MRU [Drawing History]
[--]
ID_APP_EXIT [E&xit\tCtrl+Q]^C^C_quit
Phn tch v d sau :
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho [$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]^O
ID_Snap [$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid [$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
Ta c th lm m hay nh du chn cho cc menu Item, hoc ta cng c th ly cc
thng s trang thi ca tng menu Item bng cch s dung tham chiu thng qua cc hm
AutoLisp.
C hai loai tham chiu :
Tham chiu tng i
Tham chiu tuyt i.
Tham chiu tng i.
Tham chiu tng i l tham chiu s dung tn nhn ca menu item.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc muc ca pulldown menu.
Cu php :
gn trang thi cho menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=xxx)
ly thng s trang thi ca menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
yyy tn ca nhm menu
zzz nhn muc chn
xxx - trang thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !. (c nh u chn) (trang
thi bnh thng.
Tham chiu tuyt i
Tham chiu tuyt i l tham chiu d trn vic m s lng cc menu trn mn hnh.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc muc ca pulldown menu.
Cu php :
gn trang thi cho menu
(menucmd Pn.i=xxx)
ly thng s trang thi ca menu
91
(menucmd Pn.i=#?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
n s th t ca menu tnh t tri sang phi trn mn hnh.
i s th t ca menu item cn tham chiu n (tnh c submenu v du ngn
cch gia cc phn trong menu )
xxx Gi trih ca xxx bng Pn.i=&trang thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !.
(c nh u chn) (trang thi bnh thng.
V d :
ID_Swap1 [Swaping1]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "P1.1=#?") "P1.1=~") (menucmd
"P1.1=") (menucmd "p1.1=~") )
ID_Swap2 [Swaping2]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=?") "~")
(menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=") (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=~") )
2.3.4. Chen v loi bo Pull-down menu trn menubar
Ngoi lenh MenuLoad, cc pull-down menu ca nhm ny c th c a vo thanh
menubng cu php sau y :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=+uuu.vvv)
Trong :
Gyyyzzz - s xc nh v tr ca pull-down menu uuu.vvv s chen vo.
yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr.
zzz B danh (hay tn muc chn) ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr cho
uuu.vvv chen vo .
uuu Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun chen.
uvv Tn b danh ca pull-down menu cn chen
Ta cng c th loai bo mt Pull-down menu khoi thanh menu bng lnh sau :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=-)
Trong :
yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun xa.
zzz B danh ca pull-down menu mun xa.
V du :
***pop3
**Test3
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho [$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]^O
ID_Snap [$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid [$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
ID_huybo [Xoa menu]^c^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=-")
ID_chenpop4 [Chen pop4]^C^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=+Custom.Pop4")
***pop4
**Test4
[Pop&4]
ID_monew1 [mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=~");^P
ID_hiennew1 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=");^P
ID_TTnew1 [ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert (menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=?"));^P
[--]
ID_monew2 [mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=~");^P
ID_hiennew2 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=");^P
ID_TTnew2 [ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert "Cmdmenu"&(menucmd "P5.1=#?"));^P
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2.4. Shortcut menu.
Shortcut menu v c bn ging Pull-down menu. Ch khc nhau khai bo section
Shortcut menu c khai bo t section Pop500 n pop999 V Pop0. Trong mi menu
c th c ti a 499 muc menu item. AutoCAD s bo qua nhng menu item vt qu gii
han trn. Nu mn hnh khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t ng ct
bt i va vi kch thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi tn ln xung s c xut hin.
Menu Pop0 ca AutoCAD l menu Snap, hin cc phng thc truy bt im.
Cc menu Pop500 n Pop999 l cc menu ng cnh (context menu)
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
Cc nut ca thit b con chut c khi bo bi cc auxiliary menu v c m t trong
file menu t section ***AUXn (t ***AUX1 n ***AUX4)
Cc thit b tro khc nh but in t c khi bo bi cc Buttons menu v c m t
trong file menu t section ***Buttonsn.
Lu l cc buttons menu v cc auxiliary menu ch c hiu lc trong file menu base
(menu chnh) ch khng c tc dung nu ta khai bo trong cc partial menu (menu thnh
phn).
V m t ca buttons menu v auxiliary ging nhau nn y ta ch xt cc AUX menu,
con cc buttons menu tng t.
Cc menu t section AUX1 n AUX4 c ngha nh sau :
Section T hp phm v chut
AUX1 Nhn mt trong cc nut chut
AUX2 Phm Shift + mt nut chut
AUX3 Phm Ctrl + mt nut chut
AUX4 Phm Ctrl+Shift+mt nut chut
2.5.2. To cc AUX menu.
Mi dong trong section ny l mt muc chn. Cu truc ca section cng tng t nh
cc section khc. Tuy nhin phn tn v tiu l khng bt buc, ta c th bo qua chung
hoc ta s dung chung lm chu thch.
Xem xt v du sau :
***AUX1
// Simple button
// if a grip is hot bring up the Grips Cursor Menu (POP 500), else send a carriage return
// If the SHORTCUTMENU sysvar is not 0 the first item (for button 1, the "right
button")
// is NOT USED.
$M=$(if,$(eq,$(substr,$(getvar,cmdnames),1,5),GRIP_),$P0=ACAD.GRIPS $P0=*);
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
^C^C
^B
^O
^G
^D
^E
^T
93
Muc th 2 tng ng vi nut s 3 ca h thng chut nu bin h thng
Mbuttonpan=0. Con bin ny khc khng th nut ny s c lin kt vi nut pan mc nh
ca AutoCAD (mc nh ca bin ny l 1).
Muc chn th 3 tng ng vi nut lnh th 4 ca chut.
Ni chung chut c bao nhiu nut th ta c by nhiu dong lnh.
Ta lu l ch c Pop0 th mi c kh nng hin tai v tr con chut trn mn hnh.
V d sau s dng tiu lm ch thch :
***AUX1
[nut so 2]; nut th hai l lnh enter.
[nut so 3](alert "nut thu 2 duoc an") nut th ba a ra thng bo.
[nut thu 4]^C^C nut th 4 nut escape.
Tng t nh th ban c th hiu chnh cc menu AUX2, AUX3, AUX4 ca mnh sao
cho hp vi cc
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
Menu swaping dng trao i ni dung gia cc menu. V du khi ta ang thc hin
lnh zoo, bn phi chut chuyn sang shortcut menu khc. Hay khi vo Draw
Surfaces 3D surface... AutoCAD chuyn sang menu image ban chn cc hnh cn v vi
slide i kem.
Cu php tro i nh sau :
$Section=MenuGroup.MenuName $Section=MenuGroup.*
Nu 2 menu ta mun trao i nm cung trong mt group ta c th bo qua MenuGroup.
Ngha l cu php ca ta s nh sau ;
$Section=MenuName $Section=*
V d sau c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
ID_3dsurface [&3D Surfaces...]$I=ACAD.image_3dobjects $I=ACAD.*
y menu item 3d surfaces trong menu draw ca AutoCAD. Khi ta chn muc ny th
AutoCAD s chuyn sang menu image c tn l image_3dobjects
V d sau c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
***AUX2
// Shift + button
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
Khi ta bn shift + chut phi s chuyn sang section Pop0, menu Snap nm trong
Section Pop0.
2.6. Image Tile menus
Menu hnh nh l loai menu c bit trong AutoCAD, cha danh sch cc muc chn v
cc hnh slide tng ng vi cc muc chn . Khi chn vo cc muc chn
2.6.1. Section ca Image menu
Cc menu hnh nh nm trong section Image. V c khai bo l ***Image. Section v
du mt section menu hnh nh nh sau :
***image Khai bo tn section
**image_poly Tn ca menu (menu name)
[Set Spline Fit Variables] Tiu ca menu hnh nh.
[acad(pm-quad,Quadric Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 5 Cc dong m t cc muc chn
[acad(pm-cubic,Cubic Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 6 ca menu hnh nh
[acad(pm-bezr,Bezier Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 8
[acad(pl-quad,Quadric Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 5
94
[acad(pl-cubic,Cubic Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 6
2.6.2. M t mc chn ca menu hnh nh
Mi muc chn ca menu hnh nh c m t gm 2 phn : tiu v menu macro
(khng c phn nhn ID nh cc pull-down menu).
Phn tiu c cc cch m t sau :
[sldname]
Anh ca slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu, tiu l
sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu.
[sldname,labeltext]
Tiu l LabelText s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. Anh ca
slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu.
[sldlib(sldname)]
Tiu l sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. Anh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi ca
hp menu.
[sldlib(sldname,labeltext)]
Tiu l labeltext s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. Anh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi ca
hp menu.
[blank]
Khi ban mun chen mt Icon trng trn danh sch cc slide bn phi hp menu. Mt
dong phn cch s c hin ln trn danh sch pha bn tri hp menu.
[ labeltext]
Khi k t u tin ca muc m t l khong trng, muc mo t s c hin ln trong
danh sch nhng khng c mt Icon no c hin ln bn phi hp menu c. Ban
thng dng n trong trng hp ban mun tao mt nut exit thot ra khoi menu hnh
nh, th muc chn ny thng khng c Icon i kem.
2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh
Ngoi vic gi hin th cc menu hnh nh bng chc nng swap menu (nh trnh
by muc 2.5.3), ta con c th s dung cc dong lnh AutoLisp gi chung. Cu php nh
sau :
(MenuCmd I=yyy.xxx)(menu cmd i=*)
Trong
yyy Tn nhm menu. Nu cng chung mt group th ta c th bo qua yyy.
xxx Tn menu hnh nh.
V du nh sau :
(menucmd "I=acad.image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
(menucmd "I=image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.
To cc slide.
Lu :
Tao slide phi tht d nhn bit.
Hnh nh phi va khung. Hnh nh c tao vi t l (1 x 1.5)
Cc i tng t m nh Pline, trace, 2d solid ch hin ln cc ng vin. c
cc hnh t bng ta s dung lnh t bng Shade trc khi tao hnh slide.
95
Trnh t tao :
Chuyn qua khng gian giy v
Tao Viewport c kch thc 1,5:1
To th vin slide.
Cc t hp thng dng :
Control, shift, Alt, A,Z,"numpad0","numpad9"
VII. Toolbar
1. cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar
1.1. To Toolbar
1.2. To nt lnh mi
1.3. Sa nt lnh
1.4. To mt Flyout
96
Trnh din mt ln tao toolbars.
Chu tao flyout Toolbar
Khi mun tao mt nut lnh trong toolbar, ban chuyn n commands User Defined
button, User Defined Flyout. Ko r uer difined vo toolbar m ban cn thm mi nut lnh.
Sau bm vo nut Properties, hp thoai s hin ra nh sau :
97
Tao Toolbars bng cch dng lnh customise l n gin v thun tin nht. Tuy nhin
ban con c th tao ra bng cch soan tho trc tip trong file acad.mnu.
2. Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu
Cc base menu v partial menu u c th khai bo cc thanh cng cu trong section
***TOOLBARS ca mnh. Section ny chia lm nhiu oan **XXXX tng ng vi tn
thanh cng cu
Mi oan m t thanh cng cu bt u bng tn thanh cng cu ***XXXX. Sau l
cc dong nh sau :
Dong u tin m t tng qut v thanh cng cu.
Cc dong tip theo m t cc nut lnh trn thanh cng cu . C 3 loai nut lnh :
Button, Flyout v Control.
2.1. Dong m t tng qut thanh cng c
Cu php :
TAG[Toolbar (tbarname,orient, visible, x, y, rows)]
TAG : tn muc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Tbarname : tiu thanh cng cu. t trong du nhy chui
Orient : v tr mc nh ca thanh cng cuk. Cc gi tr c th gn cho muc ny l :
_Floating, _Top, _Bttm, _Left v _Right. (khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng).
Visible : mc nh xut hin trn mn hnh hay khng. Cc gi tr c th gn cho
muc ny l _show v _hide.(khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng)
X,y : v tr xut hin mc nh trn mn hnh, tnh t mp trn tri khng gian v.
Rows : s dong mc nh chua cc nut lnh
Chu : Cc c im ca thanh cng cu nh Orient, visible, x, y, rows s c lu lai
trong registry ca Window mi khi autocad ng lai. Ch khi no khng tm thy cc gi tr
trn registry, autocad mi s dung cc gi tr mc nh trong file menu.
V du :
**TB_Draw
ID TbDraw [toolbar (Draw),_left, Show,0,0,1]
2.2. Dong m t loi nt lnh Button
Cu php :
98
TAG [button (btnname, ID_Small, ID_Large)] macro
TAG : tn muc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Btnname : tiu nut lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm
ToolTip (dong ch chu thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tro c a n nm
tai v tr biu tng nut lnh trn thanh cng cu)
ID_Small : xc nh hnh nh nu lnh hin trn thanh cng cu. y l tn ca mt
trong cc biu tng nho (kch thc 16 x 15) tao sn ca AutoCAD (v du :
ICON_16_Line). Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t tao (kch thc 15x16) t trong cc
th muc mc nh ca AutoCAD.
ID_Large : xc nh hnh nh nu lnh hin trn thanh cng cu khi chn muc Large
buttons trn hp thoai Toolbats. y l tn ca mt trong cc biu tng ln (kch
thc 24 x 22) tao sn ca AutoCAD. Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t tao (kch thc
24 x 26) t trong cc th muc mc nh ca AutoCAD. Nu kch thc khng phi
l 24 x 22, AutoCAD s t iu chnh t l cho bng kch thc ny.
Macro : menu macro, c cu php tng t cu php ca cc menu khc trong phn
ny.
V du :
**TB_DRAW
ID_TbDraw [_Toolbar("Draw", _Left, _Show, 0, 0, 1)]
ID_Line [_Button("Line", RCDATA_16_LINE, RCDATA_16_LINE)]^C^C_line
ID_Xline [_Button("Construction Line", RCDATA_16_XLINE, RCDATA_16_XLINE)]^C^C_xline
ID_Pline [_Button("Polyline", RCDATA_16_PLINE, RCDATA_16_PLINE)]^C^C_pline
ID_Polygon [_Button("Polygon", RCDATA_16_POLYGO, RCDATA_16_POLYGO)]^C^C_polygon
ID_Rectang [_Button("Rectangle", RCDATA_16_RECTAN, RCDATA_16_RECTAN)]^C^C_rectang
ID_Arc [_Button("Arc", RCDATA_16_ARC3PT, RCDATA_16_ARC3PT)]^C^C_arc
2.3. Dong m t loi nt lnh Flyout.
Flyout l mt loai nut lnh trn thanh cng cu, khi chn s xut hin mt thanh cng cu
khc (c chc nng tng t nh SubMenu). V du, trn thanh cng cu Standard c nut lnh
Flyout zoom, khi ta chn s xut hin thanh cng cu Zoom.
Cu php :
TAG [flyout (flyname,ID_Smaill,ID_Large, Icon, alias)] macro
TAG : tn muc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Btnname : tiu nut lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm
ToolTip (dong ch chu thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tro c a n nm
tai v tr biu tng nut lnh trn thanh cng cu)
ID_small v ID_large ging nh muc trn.
Icon : nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr sau :
o OwnIcon : Hnh nh nut Flyout trn thanh cng cu s khng thay i
o OtherIcon : Hnh nh nut Flyout s thay i theo hnh nh ca nut va
c chn
Alias : Tn b danh ca thanh cng cu gn vi nut flyout.
Macro : tng t nh nut lnh button.
**TB_ZOOM
ID_TbZoom [_Toolbar("Zoom", _Floating, _Hide, 100, 350, 1)]
ID_ZoomWindo [_Button("Zoom Window", RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN)]'_zoom _w
ID_ZoomDynam [_Button("Zoom Dynamic", RCDATA_16_ZOODYN, RCDATA_16_ZOODYN)]'_zoom _d
ID_ZoomScale [_Button("Zoom Scale", RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA, RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA)]'_zoom _s
ID_ZoomCente [_Button("Zoom Center", RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN, RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN)]'_zoom _c
ID_ZoomObjec [_Button("Zoom Object", RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ, RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ)]'_zoom _o
[--]
ID_ZoomIn [_Button("Zoom In", RCDATA_16_ZOOIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOIN)]'_zoom 2x
ID_ZoomOut [_Button("Zoom Out", RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT, RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT)]'_zoom .5x
99
[--]
ID_ZoomAll [_Button("Zoom All", RCDATA_16_ZOOALL, RCDATA_16_ZOOALL)]'_zoom _all
ID_ZoomExten [_Button("Zoom Extents", RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT, RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT)]'_zoom _e
**TB_STANDARD
ID_TbZoom [_Flyout("Zoom", RCDATA_16_ZOOM, RCDATA_16_ZOOM, _OtherIcon, ACAD.TB_ZOOM)]
**TB_OBJECT_PROPERTIES
ID_TbObjectP [_Toolbar("Properties", _Top, _Show, 2, 1, 1)]
[_Control(_Color)]
[--]
[_Control(_Linetype)]
[--]
[_Control(_Lineweight)]
[--]
[_Control(_PlotStyle)]
100