TT BT CC DCH V CA WINDOWS TNG TC

Cc dch v ca Windows (Services) l mt trong nhng thnh phn

ct li ca mi ng dng trn Windows. Vi vic s dng hp l (ng
- ngt hoc tm dng) s gip bn khai thc Windows mt cch hiu
qu nht. Ngoi ra s hiu bit cc dch v ny s gip bn ti u ha
Windows, tng cng bo mt v gim thiu virus khi m cc dch v
khng cn thit c loi b.

Nhng nguy c tim n kh nng tn cng ca my tnh thng

nm trong s thiu hiu bit 1 phn no ca Windows m bn
v thc cho h thng t chy. Hn na h thng c th s nng
nhc hn khi m phi "gng mnh" khi ng cc dch v ny. truy
cp vo cc dch v (Services) t Start bn chn --> Control Panel -->
Administrative Tools --> Services --> Kch phi chut vo tng dch v
v chn Properties bn chn General --> Startup Type s c 03 la
chn Automatic (S t khi ng theo mc nh Windows), Manual
dng trong trng hp bn t cu hnh chy hoc khng chy m
khng ph thuc vo cu hnh mc nh Windows, Disabled ng
dch v khi m bn khng cn thit dch v ny.

Cng trong General tab cn c cc la chn Start - Stop - Pause -

Resume gip bn quyt nh khi ng hay dng nhng bn phi ch
rng khi bn khng la chn Startup Type trn th cc chc nng
ny ch c tc dng trong phin lm vic hin ti ca Windows m sau
khi bn khi ng li my h thng li tr v trng thi ban u v
vy khi quyt nh ngng hoc khi ng dch v bn phi chn la
Startup Type.

Ch : Khi bn ng ngt dch v no tc l bn v hiu ha

chc nng bt k trong Windows m c th bn s dng sau ny v
vy chng ti ngh bn c k cc tnh nng trc khi ngt b
(Disabled). Mt s tnh nng khi m bn ngt b c th lm cho my
tnh bo li do h thng ang s dng n cho cc ng dng c bn
ci t

Alerter : Dch v ny gip thng bo cho cc my tnh v ngi

dng c chn nhng s cnh bo mang tnh cht hnh chnh. Bn c
th n nu bn cm thy n cn thit vi bn. Nu khng th hy
tt n i.

Application Layer Gateway : Cn thit nu bn mun dng Firewall

trong Windows ( Internet Connection Firewall ) hoc Chia s thng tin
mng ca Windows ( Windows Internet Connection Sharing ). S rt
v dng nu nh bn khng dng 2 ng dng trn.

Application Management : Bn khng dng chung 1 mng vi ai

? Bn khng khng c nh iu khin 1 trnh no thng qua
mng ? Nu khng hy v t m Disable n.

Automatic Updates : Bn mun my t ng cp nht Windows.

Mt s trng hp quay s kt ni cp nht m ch nhn khng
bit. Tr tin cc hng triu ng... Nu cp nht m khng my hiu
qu th khng cn cp nht, ngoi tr cc l hng bo mt ln th t
vo website microsoft cp nht thi.

Background Intelligent Transfer : H tr Windows Update, nu bn

tt Automatic Update trn th v hiu ha dch v ny nhm gim
sc nng h thng phn no.

Clipbook : Cho php bn xem nhng g lu tr trong Clipboard, sp

xp chng c trt t c th thi hnh tc v nhng g trong Clipbard.
Bn c th khng cn lm quan trng mi vic n nh vy. Tt n i
s gip cc lnh Copy-Paste-Cut nhanh hn. Bn c th xem n hat
ng nh th no qua cch nh clipbrd.exe vo lnh Run trong Start
Menu.

COM+ : C hai Event System v System Application Services gip

qun l v nm quyn Microsoft's Compoment Object Model. Nu nh
bn cn tm hiu v vn ny, ch Microsoft mi c cu tr li tt
nht tuy l bng ting anh
_www.microsoft.com/com/tech/complus.asp. Ni chung, c th mt
phn mm no s cn n dch v ny chy, tt nht bn thit
lp n ch Manual

Computer Browser : Khng h lin quan g n trnh duyt web

thn yu ca bn. ngha dch v ny l theo di nhng h thng
khc kt ni vo my bn qua 1 mng chia s... Quyt nh ty bn

Cryptographic services : Dch v chng nhn - nh gi trong

WinXP. Cho d bn cm thy khng cn thit vi n, nhng khuyn
bn nn n chy v vi tnh nng khc ca n kh hu ch nh kim
tra chng nhn trnh iu khin cc thit b ca winxp.

DHCP Client : Khi bn ln mng hoc khng, dch v ny s ly 1

a ch IP cho bn. Bn c th th tt n. Nhng nu bn bt u gp
nhng vn li, hiu ha n li. ( kin c nhn : Nn tt n i nu
bn khng dng mng hoc bn dng mng nhng li t IP tnh).

Distributed Link Tracking Client : Qun l cc Shortcut n tp tin

trn Server no . Nu bn v hiu ha 2 dch v trn th cng
nn b lun ci ny.

DNS Client : Dch v ny gii p v thit lp mt b m v tn

min h tr cho my tnh bn ang s dng. Nu bn khng s
dng Internet th nn tt dch v ny i.

Error Reporting : T ng thng bo li c th l 1 tnh nng kh

tt nhng i khi li qu lm phin v v dng.

Event Log : Nhim v ca n ch l ghi li nhng bo co v i khi

kh hiu. ( kin c nhn: Khng nn tt dch v ny v nu tt khng
nhng khng lm cho my khi ng nhanh hn m cn lm cho my
khi ng cc chm).

Fast User Switching Compatibility : Nu bn khng dng my chung

vi nhiu ngi th v hiu ha ci ny tng nng lc cho my rt
nhiu.

Help and Support : S tr gip l 1 iu qu bu nht l khi ta gp

kh khn. Nhng nu bn khng rnh Ting anh v khng bit n ni
ci g... vy th nn tt n i th hn.

HTTP SSL : Kt ni t client n server c thc hin bng giao

thc HTTPS (HTTP + SSL). Ch s dng dch v ny khi my bn chy
Web Server.

Human Interface Device Access Service : M rng v iu khin

nhng phm nng trn cc thit b nhp. V d : nhng nt bm trn
bn phm Play-Next-Internet-Search. Nu bn khng thng dng n,
tt dch v ny i v tn hng 0.85% h thng nhanh hn.

IIS Admin : Cho php bn qun l dch v Web v FTP thng qua
dch v Internet Information Services (IIS). Nu bn khng dng n
nhng dch v trn th hy tt n.

IMAPI CD-Burning COM Service : Tht s ra th dng Nero ghi

a th trc quan hn dch v c sn ny trong Windows XP.
 Indexing services : T ng tra sot thng tin trn cng nhm
gip cc ng dng nh Search ca windows, Office XP chy nhanh
hn. Tuy nhin n chim nhiu ti nguyn v tht s khng xng ng
vi tnh nng n hot ng.

IPSEC services : Nu nh my tnh ca bn thuc vo loi vin

thng v kt ni vi my khc bi VPN th Internet Protocol Security
( IPSEC ) c th cn thit. Tuy nhin ti khng dm m tng my
mnh d di n vy. Tm thi tt n i.

Logical Disk Manager : Nu nh bn mun qun l a cng ca

mnh (bm phi trn biu tng My Computer, chn Manage ri n
Disk Management), th dch v ny khng th b v hiu ha. V trnh
Disk Management ph thuc dch v ny chy. Tuy nhin, c l bn
khng si n thng xuyn Disk Management, thit lp n sang
Manual s l tt nht.

Messenger : Vo nm trc, nhng k Spammer nhn ra 1 cch

c th gi hng triu Spam n ngi dng WinXP thng qua
Messenger ny. Loi b dch v ny l la chn sng sut.

MS Software Shadow Copy Provider/Volume Shadow Copy : H tr

Microsoft Backup hay cc trnh sao lu nh a khc. Mt ln na, bn
c th th qua vic tt n, nu c sai st no trong vic sao lu th
khi ng li n s gii quyt vn .

Net Logon : H tr vic chng thc ng nhp vo mt my tnh

thuc min.

NetMeeting Remote Desktop Sharing : Khng mun chia s vi ai

bt c ci g trn my bn thng qua NetMeeting ? Khng = Disable

Network Connections : Qun l nhng i tng trong kt ni mng

v kt ni mng quay s, trong bn c th thy c c mng cc
b v nhng kt ni t xa.

Network DDE : Cung cp vic truyn ti v an ton mng cho s

trao i d liu ng (Dynamic Data Exchange(DDE)). Cho nhng
chng trnh chy trn cng mt my tnh hoc trn nhng my tnh
khc nhau.

Network Location Awareness (NLA) : Tp hp v lu tr thng tin

v cu hnh v v tr mng. a ra thng bo khi nhng thng tin ny
thay i.
 Network Provisioning Service : Qun l cu hnh ca file XML trn
mt min c s cho mng c cung cp t ng. (XML c thit k
thc hin lu tr d liu v pht hnh trn cc Web site khng ch
d dng qun l hn, m cn c th trnh by ep mt hn. XML cho
php nhng ngi pht trin Web nh ngha ni dung ca cc ti liu
bng cch to ui m rng theo ngi s dng).

Plug and Play : Bn cn dch v ny nhn bit cc thit b mi

gn vo PC, bn trong hay bn ngai, PCI hay USB, Fire wire u s
cn n n, hay ch n gin l WinXP cn giao tip tm kim li phn
cng no trong 1 s l do.

Print Spooler : Nu bn khng dng n my in th hy nn tt n

i th hn.

Remote Desktop Help Session Manager : ng ai iu khin

my bn nu bn khng mun b vy.

Remote Procedure Call : Trong winXP, cc ng dng c phn chia

trong cng thc C th tin trnh. Khng 1 trnh no nh hng n
trnh no. Khi 1 phn mm b ng, treo hay khng tr li, n s
khng nh hng n ton b my nh Win98. qun l ht tt c
nhng phn mm ny 1 cch thun tin, RPC l dch v cn thit sp
xp phn vng b nh pht cho tng ng dng. Nu tt n s gy ra
li h thng rt nghim trng. V vy bn ng lm iu .

Remote Registry Service : Bn c thch cho ngi dng khc trn 1

mng my tnh thay i cc thit lp trong Registry, tri tim ca h
iu hnh trn my bn ? Bn s khng tm ra c nguyn nhin
ngy no WinXP bv tim u. Dch v ny l 1 dng ca s bt
bo mt cho my.

Security Accounts Manager : Dch v Lu tr nhng thng tin bo

mt cho ti khon ca ngi dng ti ch.

Security Center : Theo di v qun l nhng thit lp v nhng cu

hnh an ton ca h thng

Server : H tr file, my in v tn dng chia s thng tin qua

mng cho my tnh bn ang s dng. Nu bn khng dng chung
mng vi ai th nn tt n i.
 Smart Card v Smart Card Helper : Nu bn khng dng cc th
nh th bn bit phi lm g vi dch v ny.

SSDP Discovery : Mt thnh phn ca Universinal Plug and Play sp

ni n. Cho d bn tt hay m n, bn cng s lm cng chung 1
vic cho SSDP Discovery.

System Restore : Mng ht ln khi c th bay v qu kh trc khi

bn ci t 1 driver li hay phn mm lm hi h thng l v d thc
tin cho bn gi nn tt ng dng ny hay khng. Tuy nhin v hiu
ha n s tit kim cho bn rt nhiu dung lng a. Lu l nu bn
chn tt n th tt c nhng thit lp sao lu s b xa ht.

Task scheduler : i khi khng my hu dng i vi bn, C th

bn s khng cn phi lp lch dn a trong m, nhng Task
Scheduler c th cn thit vi v ngi khc. Tt n hay khng ty
vo yu cu ca bn c cn hoc khng.

TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper : L 1 i hi bnh thng nu h thng

mng ni b ca bn dng NetBIOS bi TCP/IP. Tt n nu bn cm
thy khng cn thit. Tuy nhin khi ng li nu nh mng ni b
ca bn ( thm ch mng Internet ) c trc trc lin quan n vic tt
dch v ny.

Telephony : Bn v cng cn - ni cch khc khng th thiu n

nu bn mun vo Internet thng qua phng thc quay s = Modem.
Nhng nu l kt ni ADSL, bn th thit lp n qua Manual xem
nu c li no xy ra v c th n vn i hi dch v ny. Nu khng
bn gip my c th ti nguyn h thng kh l khng t...

Telnet : Cho php ngi dng my khc dang nhp vo my bn v

chy cc chng trnh. Nu nh bn c bao gi nghe n vic tn cng
qua IP th Telnet l 1 trong nhng k 2 mt tip tay cho gic quy ph
thnh ca bn. Tt n i, tr khi bn cn n cho 1 l do no .

Uninterruptible Power Supply : An ton v hiu ha. Tr khi bn

c cc UPS cho my tnh mnh.

Universinal Plug and Play : T hi bn c mun my mnh kim tra

v tm hiu cc thit b c trn my ngi khc trong 1 mng my tnh
ni b ? C th n cn thit nu nh bn xi Internet Connection
Sharing v cho php ngi ngai hiu chnh kt ni cho my bn. D
sao i na, nu nh tht s khng bit g, bn c th tt n cng
khng sao.
 Webclient : Theo s m t, dch v ny cho php bn duyt qua
"Network Places" , thc cht l mng Internet. N cho php cc
chng trnh Windows to, xm nhp v thit lp tp tin trn nn
Internet. Theo nh 1 s th nghim, nu nh bn khng c kt ni
Internet, dch v c th lm chm li my v cch bn duyt web. V
hiu ha nhn ra v xem xt nhng sai st c th gy phin cho
bn, nu khng th bn tip tc gim gnh nng cho h thng.

Windows Audio: Bn mun nghe ting - m thanh th th ca PC

pht ra t 2 gin loa 480 Watts ca bn th nn cho dch v ny
khi ng bnh thng. i vi n, bn ch nn v hiu ha khi my
khng c sound card hoc chip sound trn bo mch.

Windows Image Acquisition : Nu nh n gin l bn khng c

Webcam hay my Scan hnh th tt dch v ny i. Tuy nhin cho d
bn c, tt ng dng ny chc cng khng nh hng, v vy hy tt
n i cng c. ( Hay thay n thnh Manual th nghim trc khi
bn tht s tt n .

Windows Installer : Tr gip cho cc trnh ci t *.MSI c th phn

phi d liu trong n cho my bn. Nhng tht cht khng phi lc
no bn cng ci-ci-ci phn mm vo my mnh lin tc. Thay cch
khi ng ca n vo Manual s gip gim ti thiu dung lng Ram b
chim.

Windows Management Instrumentation : Dch v ny cho php s

giao tip cc phn mm c th xm nhp v dng nhng tnh nng
trong Windows c th din ra trn ven. Bn thn windows cng dng
n Windows Management Instrumentation, nh nhng trnh khc
lm, tt nht bn n hot ng.

Windows Time : ng l thi gian l vng l bc l hng lot th

mt i khng quay li. Nhng nu nh bn khng mun Windows phi
ch trng n iu cho bn, nu nh bn khng my tnh lun
kt ni mng th khng ng b ha gi gic th khng c ngha l bn
c ti.

Wireless Zero Configuration : Bn dng mng khng dy ? Nu

khng, nn v hiu tnh nng ny.

WMI Performance Adapter : Windows Management Instumentation

(WMI) l 1 ng dng rt c ch nhng n c th lm chm my. Nu
nh bn khng phi l 1 nh thit k chng trnh th khng cn quan
tm n vic ny. Ngoi ra by gi bn c th tt n i.

Ch : Mi my tnh u khc nhau, c dch v my ny khng

cn nhng c th my khc li cn (chng hn gia my ni mng
internet vi my khng ni mng), cho nn bn nn cn thn khi
disable dch v no y bi n c th lm cho my tnh khng khi
ng c. Cch tt nht l chn manual.

1 - Tng tc thc hin ca h thng :

Mc nh Windows s t mnh iu khin cc thit lp v tc x

l ca h thng sao cho ph hp, nhng i khi Windows li lm
dng iu ny u tin x l cho cc cng vic khng cn thit, gy
lng ph ti nguyn h thng. Do vy h thng dnh nhiu ti
nguyn hn cho cc cng vic c th, bn hy thay i li nh sau:

Bm chut phi vo My Computer ri chn Properties (hoc n

gin nhn phm Window+Break), tip theo chn th Advanced, bm
nt Settings trong khung Performance, chn th Visual Effects, chn
nt Adjust for best performance. Sau , trong khung danh sch cc
thit lp bn di, cun xung v nh du hp Use visual styles on
windows and buttons ri bm OK hai ln ng li cc ca s.

2 - Ti u b nh h thng :

Vic tinh chnh ny s to cho nhn ca Windows chy trong b

nh tng tc h thng, a cc d liu vo b nh x l nhanh
hn (thay v x l t b nh o trn a cng). Lu : chnh sa
cc thit lp ny yu cu my tnh c RAM ti thiu l 256MB. Cch
thc hin nh sau :

Bm Start > Run > g regedit > OK hoc Enter. Sau tm n

kho HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Contro
l\Session Manager\Memory Management. Trong ca s bn phi, bm
kp mc DisablePagingExecutive v thay i li gi tr l 1, tip theo
bm kp mc LargeSystemCache v cng thay i li gi tr l 1.

K tip, ti kho ny bn to mc mi kiu DWORD tn l

IOPageLockLimit (bm chut phi vo mt vng trng, chn New >
DWORD Value) v t gi tr ca n nh sau: nu my tnh ca bn c
RAM l128MB th t gi tr l 4000, 256MB th t 10000, t 512MB
tr ln th t 40000.
 Tip theo, bn tm n kho
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\Curr
entVersion\Explorer, to mt mc mi loi DWORD tn l
AlwaysUnloadDLL v t gi tr l 1. Cui cng, ng ca s Registry
Editor li.

K tip, bn cng bm li Start > Run > g msconfig > OK, chn
th SYSTEM.INI, bm phn [386enh], bm nt New v thm mc mi
"ConservativeSwapfileUsage=1" (khng c du nhy kp), xong bm
OK. Nu c hp thng bo yu cu khi ng li my th bn bm nt
Exit Without Restart.

3 - Tng tc x l tp tin :

Trc khi chnh sa thit lp ny, bn hy kim tra li h thng tp

tin trn my bng cch vo My Computer, bm chut phi vo a C,
chn Properties. Trong th General v dng File system, nu ch
FAT32 th bn hy b qua bc ny, ngc li l ch NTFS th c th
chnh sa cho thit lp ny nh sau: Vo trnh Registry Editor, tm n
kho HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Contro
l\FileSystem, thay i li gi tr ca mc
DisableNTFSLastAccessUpdate l 1. Tip theo cng ti kho ny, bn
to mc mi loi DWORD tn l NtfsMftZoneReservation v t gi tr
ca n l 2.

4 - iu chnh chc nng Prefetch ca Windows :

Chc nng ny cho php Windows tng tc chy cc ng dng,

gim thi gian khi ng my hoc c hai. Mc nh Windows chn
gim thi gian khi ng my, nhng bn hy thay i li thit lp ny
cho ti u hn. Vo trnh Registry Editor, tm kho
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Contro l\Session
Manager\Memory Management\PrefetchParameters, thay i li gi tr
ca mc EnablePrefetcher l 3.

5 - Tng tc kt ni Internet ln 20% :

Mc nh Windows s gii hn lng bng thng kt ni l 20%,

nhng bn c th b gii hn ny t c tc kt ni ti u
hn. Bm Start > Run > g gpedit.msc > OK, tm theo ng dn
Local Computer Policy\Computer Configuration\Administrative
Templates\Network\QoS Packet Scheduler, bm kp thit lp Limit
reservable bandwidth trong ca s phi, chn nt Enable, g s khng
(0) vo hp Bandwidth limit, bm OK ri ng ca s Group Policy li.
 Tip theo bn hy vo phn thit lp mng bng cch bm Start >
Settings > Network Connections, bm chut phi vo kt ni mng
ca bn v chn Properties (hoc bm biu tng kt ni mng khay
h thng nu n hin ra, bm nt Properties), trong th General nh
du giao thc QoS Packet Scheduler (nu n cha c nh du) ri
bm OK.

Cc thit lp bc ny tuy dnh cho nhng loi hnh kt ni tc

cao (nh ADSL), nhng qua th nghim vi loi kt ni Dial-up, kt
qu ng kinh ngc, tc lt web tng ln tht ng k.

Sau khi hon thnh 5 bc trn, bn hy khi ng li my tnh

cm nhn s khc bit ca h thng.